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Journal articles on the topic 'Subcooled Boiling Flow'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Kandlikar, Satish G., and Murat Bulut. "An Experimental Investigation on Flow Boiling of Ethylene-Glycol/Water Mixtures." Journal of Heat Transfer 125, no. 2 (March 21, 2003): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1561816.

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Mixtures of ethylene glycol and water are used in cooling the engines in automotive applications. Heat is transferred essentially under subcooled flow boiling conditions as the mixture flows over the hot surfaces, which are at temperatures well above the local saturation temperature of the mixture. Very little information is available in the literature on the subcooled flow boiling characteristics of this mixture. The present work focuses on obtaining experimental heat transfer data for water and its mixtures containing ethylene-glycol (0 to 40 percent mass fraction, limited by the maximum allowable temperature in the present setup) in the subcooled flow boiling region. The experimental setup is designed to obtain local heat transfer coefficients over a small circular aluminum heater surface, 9.5-mm in diameter, placed at the bottom 40-mm wide wall of a rectangular channel 3-mm×40-mm in cross-section. Available models for (a) subcooled flow boiling of pure liquids and (b) saturated flow boiling of binary mixtures are extended to model the subcooled flow boiling of binary mixtures.

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2

Boyd, Ronald D., and Xiaowei Meng. "Boiling curve correlation for subcooled flow boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 38, no. 4 (March 1995): 758–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(95)93011-6.

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3

Lucic, A., and F. Mayinger. "Transportphenomena in subcooled flow boiling." Heat and Mass Transfer 46, no. 10 (October 24, 2010): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-010-0713-4.

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4

Tu, J. Y., G. H. Yeoh, G. C. Park, and M. O. Kim. "On Population Balance Approach for Subcooled Boiling Flow Prediction." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1857952.

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The capability of using the population balance approach combined with a three-dimensional two-fluid model for predicting subcooled boiling flow is investigated. Experiments were conducted to study the local flow characteristics of subcooled boiling flow and to provide measured local two-phase flow parameters. Calculations were performed using the newly developed population balance boiling model to study the effects of various factors on numerical predication of local two-phase flow parameters in the subcooled boiling regime. Comparison of model predictions against local measurements was made for the radial distribution of the bubble Sauter diameter and void fraction covering a range of different mass and heat fluxes and inlet subcooling temperatures. Additional comparison using recent active nucleation site density models and empirical relationships to determine the local bubble diameter adopted by other researchers was also investigated. Overall, good agreement was achieved between predictions and measurements using the newly formulated population balance approach based on the modified MUSIG (multiple-size-group) model for subcooled boiling and two-fluid model.

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5

Nguyen, Ngoc Dat, and Van Thai Nguyen. "Performance Comparison of ANN-Based Model and Empirical Correlations for Void Fraction Prediction of Subcooled Boiling Flow in Vertical Upward Channel." Nuclear Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (January 13, 2023): 07–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/nst.v11i4.335.

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The accurate prediction of void fraction parameter in subcooled boiling flow is very important for nuclear safety since it has significant influences on the mass flow rate, the onset of two-phase flow instability, and the heat transfer characteristics in a nuclear reactor core. Many different models and empirical correlations have been established over a variety of input conditions; however, this classical approach could lead to unsatisfactory prediction due to the uncertainties of model parameter and model forms. To cope with these limitations, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a powerful machine learning tool for modeling and solving non-linear and complicated physical problems. Therefore, this work is aim at developing an ANN-based model to predict the local void fraction of subcooled boiling flows. The comparison results of the performance between the ANN-based model and empirical correlations for the void fraction prediction of subcooled boiling in vertical upward channel showed the potential use of ANN-based model in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes to accurately simulate the subcooled boiling phenomena.

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6

Rajabnia, Hossein, Ehsan Abedini, Ali Tahmasebi, and Amin Behzadmehr. "Experimental investigation of subcooled flow boiling of water/TiO2 nanofluid in a horizontal tube." Thermal Science 20, no. 1 (2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130929122r.

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Subcooled flow boiling heat transfer of water/TiO2 nanofluid in a horizontal tube is experimentally investigated. To validate the experimental apparatus as well as the experimental procedure, data for distilled water were compared with the available results on the literature in both single phase and subcooled flow boiling regime. Experimental investigations were carried out at three nanoparticles volumetric concentrations of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 5%. It was found that the nanofluid heat transfer coefficient in single-phase flow regime augments with the nanoparticle concentration. However, in the case of subcooled flow boiling regime the heat transfer coefficient decreases with the nanoparticle volume fractions.

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7

Kandlikar, S. G. "Heat Transfer Characteristics in Partial Boiling, Fully Developed Boiling, and Significant Void Flow Regions of Subcooled Flow Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824263.

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Subcooled flow boiling covers the region beginning from the location where the wall temperature exceeds the local liquid saturation temperature to the location where the thermodynamic quality reaches zero, corresponding to the saturated liquid state. Three locations in the subcooled flow have been identified by earlier investigators as the onset of nucleate boiling, the point of net vapor generation, and the location where x = 0 is attained from enthalpy balance equations. The heat transfer regions are identified as the single-phase heat transfer prior to ONB, partial boiling (PB), and fully developed boiling (FDB). A new region is identified here as the significant void flow (SVF) region. Available models for predicting the heat transfer coefficient in different regions are evaluated and new models are developed based on our current understanding. The results are compared with some of the experimental data available in the literature.

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8

Huang, LiDong, and Larry C. Witte. "Highly Subcooled Boiling in Crossflow." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 6 (May 4, 2001): 1080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413762.

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Experiments were carried out to determine the influence of fluid flow and liquid subcooling on flow boiling heat transfer of Freon-113 across horizontal tubes. The data cover wide ranges of velocity (1.5 to 6.9 m/s) and extremely high levels of liquid subcooling (29 to 100°C) at pressures ranging from 122 to 509 kPa. Thin-walled cylindrical electric resistance heaters made of Hastelloy-C with diameter of 6.35 mm were used. The azimuthal wall temperature distributions were measured with five thermocouples around the heaters. The data were compared with Chen’s two-mechanism model with modification for subcooled flow boiling. A new nucleate boiling suppression factor for cross flow was developed. The improved model could predict the present data and Yilmaz and Westwater’s (1980) data well with a mean error ratio of 1.02 and standard deviation of 0.17.

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9

Dedov, A. V. "Peculiarities of boiling in subcooled flow." Thermal Engineering 56, no. 8 (August 2009): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601509080126.

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10

Suzuki, Koichi, Akira Oshima, Chungpyo Hong, and Masataka Mochizuki. "Subcooled Flow Boiling in a Minichannel." Heat Transfer Engineering 32, no. 7-8 (June 2011): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2010.509770.

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11

Boyd, Ronald D., and Xiaowei Meng. "Local Subcooled Flow-Boiling Model Development." Fusion Technology 29, no. 4 (July 1996): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst96-a30690.

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12

Abedini, E., A. Behzadmehr, H. Rajabnia, SMH Sarvari, and SH Mansouri. "Experimental investigation and comparison of subcooled flow boiling of TiO2 nanofluid in a vertical and horizontal tube." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 8 (November 23, 2012): 1742–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212466765.

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In this study, variations of local heat transfer coefficient are obtained in subcooled flow boiling conditions for water/TiO2 nanofluid in a vertical and horizontal tube. The results for the base fluid are compared with the predictions of the well known Shah correlation and Gnielinski formula for laminar and turbulent flows for single-phase forced convection and also with Chen correlation for subcooled flow boiling. A good agreement between the results is realized. At the subcooled regime, heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid is less than that of the base fluid and it decreases by increasing nanoparticle concentration for both of the channels; however, addition of the nanopraticles into the fluid causes that the vapor volume fraction increases.

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13

Zeitoun, O., and M. Shoukri. "Bubble Behavior and Mean Diameter in Subcooled Flow Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824023.

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Bubble behavior and mean bubble diameter in subcooled upward flow boiling in a vertical annular channel were investigated under low pressure and mass flux conditions. A high-speed video system was used to visualize the subcooled flow boiling phenomenon. The high-speed photographic results indicated that, contrary to the common understanding, bubbles tend to detach from the heating surface upstream of the net vapor generation point. Digital image processing technique was used to measure the mean bubble diameter along the subcooled flow boiling region. Data on the axial area-averaged void fraction distributions were also obtained using a single-beam gamma densitometer. Effects of the liquid subcooling, applied heat flux, and mass flux on the mean bubble size were investigated. A correlation for the mean bubble diameter as a function of the local subcooling, heat flux, and mass flux was obtained.

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14

Hasan, A., R. P. Roy, and S. P. Kalra. "Some Measurements in Subcooled Flow Boiling of Refrigerant-113." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910527.

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Measurements of local vapor phase residence time fraction, liquid phase temperature, and heated wall temperature were carried out in subcooled flow boiling of Refrigerant-113 through a vertical annular channel. Data are reported for two fluid mass velocities and two pressures over a range of wall heat flux. Estimates of typical vapor bubble size and velocity are given. Some comparisons with a one-dimensional two-fluid model of subcooled boiling flow are also presented.

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15

Gopalakrishna, Suhas Badakere, Ravi Lakkanna, and Satyabhama Alangar. "Investigation of Forced Convective and Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients of Water-Ethanol Mixture: Numerical Study." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390221.

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The subcooled flow boiling is related to the operation of electronic devices, Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Battery module and small catalytic reactors. It is well known that the operational temperature must be maintained to avoid any malfunction of these heat dissipative devices. In this paper the forced convective and subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of water-ethanol mixture is determined numerically by Volume of fluid analysis (VOF). The interaction between liquid and local vapour is analysed by solving the bubble volume of fraction in the numerical study. Crank Nicolson implicit scheme is used for discretizing the scalar convection equation for bubble void fraction and transforming into algebraic equation. Thomas Algorithm is used to solve the algebraic equations of bubble void fraction. The corrector predictor equation method is used to solve for bubble void fraction when the value obtained is less than 0 or exceeds 1. The thermodynamic and Thermophysical properties are substituted in the x-momentum and energy equation to determine the values of pressure drop, velocity and temperature of the fluid. From the temperature values, the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient is obtained. It is found that the addition of ethanol to water decreases the forced convective and subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of the water-ethanol mixture. The numerically determined heat transfer coefficient of water ethanol mixture is compared with that of the experimental results. The average deviation between the experimentally determined and numerically determined subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of water ethanol-mixture is found to be 24.13%.

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16

Sides, Paul J. "A Thermocapillary Mechanism for Lateral Motion of Bubbles on a Heated Surface During Subcooled Nucleate Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 1203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1517268.

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Both thermocapillary flow and the concerted motion of bubbles toward each other in subcooled nucleate boiling have been mentioned in the literature on boiling phenomena, but never associated with each other. Also, it has been shown in previously unrelated contributions that thermocapillary flow around bubbles of sparingly soluble gas can cause those bubbles to aggregate on a warm surface. The conjunction of these observations leads to the hypothesis that mutual entrainment in thermocapillary flow might drive bubbles toward each other during nucleate boiling of a subcooled liquid. An approximate equation for estimating the observability of such motion is presented. The effect would be especially important in cases where the bubble release rate is low such as boiling on horizontal down-facing surfaces and boiling in microgravity.

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17

Kang, S., and R. P. Roy. "Vapor Phase Measurements in Subcooled Boiling Flow." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 1207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1517269.

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Measurements of vapor fraction and bubble axial velocity were carried out in subcooled boiling flow using a newly designed two-sensor fiber-optic probe. The sensors encountered the axial motion of the vapor bubbles essentially head-on. The new measurements were more repeatable and had less scatter in the outer low vapor fraction region of the boiling layer compared to our earlier measurements.

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18

Kandlikar, S. G. "Development of a Flow Boiling Map for Subcooled and Saturated Flow Boiling of Different Fluids Inside Circular Tubes." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910524.

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The thermal behavior of a flow boiling system is represented by a flow boiling map to illustrate visually the relationships among various system parameters. An earlier flow boiling map by Collier (1981) does not include the effect of mass flux and is specific to water at low pressures. For other fluids, significant departures from the parametric trends displayed in Collier’s map have been reported in the literature (e.g., Kandlikar, 1988b). In the present paper, a new flow boiling map is developed to depict the relationships among the heat transfer coefficient, quality, heat flux, and mass flux for different fluids in the subcooled and the saturated flow boiling regions. The trends observed in the experimental data and correlations for water and refrigerants are used in deriving the present map. The particular areas where further investigation is needed to validate the trends are also indicated. In the subcooled boiling region, hTP/hlo is plotted against x with Bo as a parameter, while in the saturated boiling region, hTP/hlo is plotted against x with ρl/ρg and a modified boiling number Bo* as parameters. It is hoped that the map would prove to be helpful in explaining the role of different heat transfer mechanisms in flow boiling of different fluids.

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19

Hu, Xiaoyu, Yi Wang, Siyuan Li, Qiang Sun, Guoxiang Li, Shuzhan Bai, and Ke Sun. "Investigation on subcooled flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in ICE-like conditions." Open Physics 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2021-0052.

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Abstract The increasing demand of cooling in internal combustion engine (ICE) may require the shift of heat removal method from traditional single phase liquid convection to subcooled flow boiling in order to fulfill the desired functional temperature. Thus, the characteristics of subcooled flow boiling heat transfer should be studied exclusively considering the practical conditions in ICEs. Accordingly, in this article, subcooled flow boiling experiments were conducted in a rectangular channel using 50/50 volume mixture of ethylene glycol and water coolant (EG/W) as working fluid. Aluminum and cast iron surfaces were selected as the heated surfaces to simulate the material of cylinder head in gasoline and diesel engines, respectively. Experimental results showed a trend that the aluminum surface had a better performance than the cast iron surface in terms of heat transfer coefficient in the boiling region. The difference between these two surfaces was concluded as results of different surface thermophysical properties. A modified wall heat flux model was proposed based on the power-type addition method. The proposed model modified the nucleation boiling contribution by introducing a new parameter which accounts for the influence of thermophysical properties of heated surface on the boiling process. Thus, one such modified model could be useful for practical engine cooling applications.

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20

Barbosa,, Jader R., and Geoffrey F. Hewitt. "A Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium Slug Flow Model." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1857945.

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This paper presents a calculation methodology to predict the peaks in heat transfer coefficient at near zero equilibrium quality observed in forced convective boiling in vertical conduits. The occurrence of such peaks is typical of low latent heat, low thermal conductivity systems (such as refrigerants and hydrocarbons), and of systems in which the vapor volume formation rate for a given heat flux is large (low-pressure water). The methodology is based on a model that postulates that the mechanism behind the heat transfer coefficient enhancement is the existence of thermodynamic nonequilibrium slug flow, i.e., a type of slug flow in which rapid bubble growth in subcooled boiling leads to the formation of Taylor bubbles separated by slugs of subcooled liquid. Results are compared with experimental data for forced convective boiling of pure hydrocarbons and show considerable improvement over existing correlations.

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21

Rzehak, Roland, and Eckhard Krepper. "CFD for Subcooled Flow Boiling: Parametric Variations." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2013 (2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/687494.

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We investigate the present capabilities of CFD for wall boiling. The computational model used combines the Euler/Euler two-phase flow description with heat flux partitioning. Very similar modeling was previously applied to boiling water under high pressure conditions relevant to nuclear power systems. Similar conditions in terms of the relevant nondimensional numbers have been realized in the DEBORA tests using dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) as the working fluid. This facilitated measurements of radial profiles for gas volume fraction, gas velocity, liquid temperature, and bubble size. Robust predictive capabilities of the modeling require that it is validated for a wide range of parameters. It is known that a careful calibration of correlations used in the wall boiling model is necessary to obtain agreement with the measured data. We here consider tests under a variety of conditions concerning liquid subcooling, flow rate, and heat flux. It is investigated to which extent a set of calibrated model parameters suffices to cover at least a certain parameter range.

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22

Mohammed, Suha A., and Ekhlas M. Fayyadh. "Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics in Subcooled Flow Boiling in a Microchannel." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.09.12.

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The current study presents an experimental investigation of heat transfer and flow characteristic for subcooled flow boiling of deionized water in the microchannel heat sink. The test section consisted of a single microchannel having 300μm wide nominal dimensions and 300μm height (hydraulic diameter of 300μm). The test section formed of oxygen-free copper with 72mm length and 12mm width. Experimental operation conditions spanned the heat flux (78-800) kW/m2, mass flux (1700 and 2100) kg/m2.s at 31˚C subcooled inlet temperature. The boiling heat transfer coefficient is measured and compared with existing correlations. Also, the experimental pressure drop is measured and compared with microscale pressure drop correlations. The results showed that higher mass flux leads to higher boiling heat transfer coefficient, and the dominant mechanism is convective boiling. Also, the experimental pressure drop decrease with increasing heat flux in a single-phase region while it increases in a two-phase region. Comparing the experimental results in the experimental condition range, showed that an existing correlation provides a satisfactory prediction of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.

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23

Roy, R. P., V. Velidandla, and S. P. Kalra. "Velocity Field in Turbulent Subcooled Boiling Flow." Journal of Heat Transfer 119, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 754–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824180.

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The velocity field was measured in turbulent subcooled boiling flow of Refrigerant-113 through a vertical annular channel whose inner wall was heated. A two-component laser Doppler velocimeter was used. Measurements are reported in the boiling layer adjacent to the inner wall as well as in the outer all-liquid layer for two fluid mass velocities and four wall heat fluxes. The turbulence was found to be inhomogeneous and anisotropic and the turbulent kinetic energy significantly higher than in single-phase liquid flow at the same mass velocity. A marked shift toward the inner wall was observed of the zero location of the axial Reynolds shear stress in the liquid phase, and the magnitude of the shear stress increased sharply close to the inner wall. The near-wall liquid velocity field was quite different from that in single-phase liquid flow at a similar Reynolds number. Comparison of the measurements with the predictions of a three-dimensional two-fluid model of turbulent subcooled boiling flow show reasonably good agreement for some quantities and a need for further development of certain aspects of the model.

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24

Zajec, Boštjan, Leon Cizelj, and Boštjan Končar. "Experimental Analysis of Flow Boiling in Horizontal Annulus—The Effect of Heat Flux on Bubble Size Distributions." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062187.

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Subcooled flow boiling was experimentally investigated in a horizontal annulus with a temperature-controlled boiling surface and transparent outer pipe facilitating visualization. Boiling occurs on a copper tube with a diameter of 12 mm in an annulus with a 2 mm gap. Refrigerant R245fa is used as a working fluid. The focus of this study is to explore the effect of heat flux variation on the boiling flow patterns at approximately constant inlet flow conditions of the working fluid (fixed mass flux and inlet fluid temperature). Subcooled flow boiling is recorded by a high-speed camera, images are analyzed by a neural network to determine the bubble size distributions and their variation with the heat flux. The experimental setup being a part of the laboratory THELMA (Thermal Hydraulics experimental Laboratory for Multiphase Applications) at the Reactor Engineering Division of Jožef Stefan Institute, analysis methods and measurement results are presented and discussed.

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25

Dedov, A. V. "Critical heat flowrates in subcooled flow boiling." Thermal Engineering 57, no. 3 (March 2010): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601510030018.

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26

Warrier, Gopinath R., Nilanjana Basu, and Vijay K. Dhir. "Interfacial heat transfer during subcooled flow boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, no. 19 (September 2002): 3947–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(02)00102-3.

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27

Bartel, Michael D., Mamoru Ishii, Takuyki Masukawa, Ye Mi, and Rong Situ. "Interfacial area measurements in subcooled flow boiling." Nuclear Engineering and Design 210, no. 1-3 (December 2001): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(01)00415-0.

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28

Del Valle, Victor H., and D. B. R. Kenning. "Subcooled flow boiling at high heat flux." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 28, no. 10 (October 1985): 1907–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(85)90213-3.

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29

Cattadori, G., G. P. Gaspari, G. P. Celata, M. Cumo, A. Mariani, and G. Zummo. "Hypervapotron technique in subcooled flow boiling CHF." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 7, no. 3 (October 1993): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(93)90006-5.

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30

Roy, R. P., S. Kang, J. A. Zarate, and A. Laporta. "Turbulent Subcooled Boiling Flow—Experiments and Simulations." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 1 (July 9, 2001): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1418698.

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Experiments and simulations were carried out in this investigation of turbulent subcooled boiling flow of Refrigerant-113 through a vertical annular channel whose inner wall only was heated. The measurements used, simultaneously, a two-component laser Doppler velocimeter for the liquid velocity field and a fast-response cold-wire for the temperature field, and a dual-sensor fiberoptic probe for the vapor fraction and vapor axial velocity. In the numerical simulation, the two-fluid model equations were solved by the solver ASTRID developed at Electricite´ de France. Wall laws for the liquid phase time-average axial velocity and temperature were developed from the experimental data, and the turbulent Prandtl number in the liquid was determined from the wall laws. The wall laws and turbulent Prandtl number were used in the simulations. The wall heat transfer model utilized the measured turbulent heat flux distribution in the liquid. Results from the simulations were compared with the measurements. Good agreement was found for some of the quantities while the agreement was only fair for others.

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31

Brooks, Caleb S., and Takashi Hibiki. "Wall nucleation modeling in subcooled boiling flow." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 86 (July 2015): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.03.005.

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32

Thorncroft, G. E., and J. F. Klausner. "The Influence of Vapor Bubble Sliding on Forced Convection Boiling Heat Transfer." Journal of Heat Transfer 121, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2825969.

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This paper describes experimental efforts aimed at examining the effect of vapor bubble sliding on forced convection boiling heat transfer. Flow boiling experiments using FC-87 were conducted for vertical upflow and downflow configurations. Both slightly subcooled single-phase and saturated annular flow boiling were considered. Significantly higher heat transfer rates were measured for vertical upflow than for downflow with the same wall superheat and slightly subcooled single-phase inlet conditions. This increase in heat transfer is directly attributable to sliding vapor bubbles, which remain attached to the wall during upflow and lift off the wall during downflow. Differences in the measured upflow and downflow heat transfer rates are not as significant for annular flow boiling, which is due in part to the similar vapor bubble dynamics which have been observed for upflow and downflow. Heat transfer experiments in single-phase subcooled upflow with air bubble injection at the heating surface suggest that sliding bubbles enhance the bulk liquid turbulence at the wall, which contributes significantly to the macroscale heat transfer. It is concluded from this work that vapor bubble sliding heat transport can be a significant heat transfer mechanism, and should be considered in the development of mechanistic flow boiling heat transfer models.

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33

Ahmadi, Rouhollah, Tatsuya Ueno, and Tomio Okawa. "Bubble dynamics at boiling incipience in subcooled upward flow boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55, no. 1-3 (January 2012): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.09.050.

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34

Romsy, Tomas, and Pavel Zacha. "CFD SIMULATION OF UPWARD SUBCOOLED BOILING FLOW OF FREON R12." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 4 (December 16, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.4.0073.

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Subcooled flow boiling under forced convection occurs in many industrial applications of purpose to maximize heat removal from the heat source by the very large heat transfer coefficient. This work deals with CFD simulations of the subcooled flow boiling of refrigerant R12 solved by code ANSYS FLUENT r16. The main objective of this paper is verification of used numerical settings on relevant experiments performed on DEBORA test facility. Also comparisons with previously provided simulation on NRI Rez are presented. Data outputs from this work are basis to subsequent calculations of steam-water mixture cooling of Pb-Li eutectic.

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35

Haryoko, Luthfi A. F., Jundika C. Kurnia, and Agus P. Sasmito. "Numerical Investigation of Subcooled Boiling Heat Transfer in Helically-Coiled Tube." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 7675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.1.2020.15.0570.

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Subcooled boiling heat transfer in helically-coiled tubes offers better heat transfer performance than any other types of boiling processes due to its ability to capture high heat flux with a relatively low wall superheat. This study investigates turbulent subcooled forced convection boiling performances of water-vapour in a helically-coiled tube with various operating conditions i.e. operating pressure, heat, and mass flux. Developed CFD model is validated against previously published experimental results using the RPI model. The model is developed based on the Eulerian-Eulerian framework coupled with k-ε RNG turbulence model and Standard Wall-Function. A good agreement is found between numerical prediction and experimental counterpart for the bulk fluid temperature and non-dimensional length. The result indicates that the subcooled boiling heat transfer in a helically-coiled tube tends to improve heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in the domain. Subcooled boiling starts at the inner side of the helically-coiled tube (f=9900) due to the existence of secondary flow that comes from the coil curvature. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increased with increasing heat flux and decreasing mass flux, and operating pressure. This is caused by the bubble movement and convective heat transfer phenomena in a helically-coiled tube. Finally, this study can provide a guideline for future research of the subcooled boiling in a helically-coiled tube.

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36

McGillis, W. R., V. P. Carey, and B. D. Strom. "Geometry Effects on Critical Heat Flux for Subcooled Convective Boiling From an Array of Heated Elements." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910584.

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The critical heat flux (CHF) condition was experimentally determined for subcooled flow boiling from an array of simulated microelectronic devices on one wall of a vertical rectangular passage. A test apparatus was used in these experiments that allowed visual observation of the boiling process while simultaneously measuring the heat flux and surface temperature for ten heat-dissipating elements. Using R-113 as the coolant, the CHF condition was determined for flush and slightly protruding heated elements. As expected, the element farthest downstream was found to reach the CHF condition first in all cases. For both the flush and slightly protruding elements, the trends in the CHF data are similar to those previously reported for subcooled flow boiling on an isolated element. At moderate flow velocities, the critical heat flux predicted by a proposed correlation for subcooled flow boiling from a single element was found to agree well with the multiple-flush-element data if the local fluid subcooling at the last element was used in the correlation. At lower velocities, however, the data deviated from the predicted values. The data for slightly protruding elements were also found to deviate from those for the flush elements at higher velocities. The apparent physical reasons for these trends are discussed in detail.

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Li, Fei, Zhaocan Meng, Xiaojing Liu, Linsen Li, Feng Shen, and Xu Cheng. "ICONE23-1046 MODELLING OF LOW-PRESSURE SUBCOOLED FLOW BOILING USING ATHLET CODE." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2015.23 (2015): _ICONE23–1—_ICONE23–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2015.23._icone23-1_28.

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Orozco, J. A., and L. C. Witte. "Flow Film Boiling From a Sphere to Subcooled Freon-11." Journal of Heat Transfer 108, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247037.

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The boiling curves for flow boiling of freon-11 from a fluid-heated 3.81-cm-dia copper sphere showed dual maxima. One maximum corresponded to the nucleate peak heat flux while the other was caused by transitory behavior of the wake behind the sphere. Film boiling data were predicted well by the theory of Witte and Orozco. A semi-empirical correlation of the film boiling data accounting for both liquid velocity and subcooling predicted the heat transfer to within +/− 20 percent. The conditions at which the vapor film became unstable were also determined for various sub-coolings and velocities.

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39

Ohtake, Hiroyasu, Yasuo Koizumi, and Norihumi Higono. "ICONE15-10655 ANALYTICAL STUDY ON BOILING HEAT TRANSFER OF SUBCOOLED FLOW UNDER OSCILLATORY FLOW CONDITIONS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_358.

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40

Najibi, S. H., H. Mu¨ller-Steinhagen, and M. Jamialahmadi. "Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation During Subcooled Flow Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 119, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824181.

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Scale deposition on the heat transfer surfaces from water containing dissolved salts considerably reduces fuel economy and performance of the heat transfer equipment. In general, this problem is more serious during nucleate boiling due to the mechanisms of bubble formation and detachment. In this study, a large number of experiments were performed to determine the effect of fluid velocity, initial surface temperature, and bulk concentration on the rate of calcium carbonate deposition on heat transfer surfaces during subcooled flow boiling. A physically sound prediction model for the deposition process under these operating conditions has been developed which predicts the experimental data with good accuracy. Two previously published models are also discussed and used to predict the experimental data.

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41

Liu, Dong, and Suresh V. Garimella. "Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Microchannels." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 10 (December 14, 2006): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2754944.

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Flow boiling heat transfer to water in microchannels is experimentally investigated. The dimensions of the microchannels considered are 275×636 and 406×1063μm2. The experiments are conducted at inlet water temperatures in the range of 67–95°C and mass fluxes of 221–1283kg∕m2s. The maximum heat flux investigated in the tests is 129W∕cm2 and the maximum exit quality is 0.2. Convective boiling heat transfer coefficients are measured and compared to predictions from existing correlations for larger channels. While an existing correlation was found to provide satisfactory prediction of the heat transfer coefficient in subcooled boiling in microchannels, saturated boiling was not well predicted by the correlations for macrochannels. A new superposition model is developed to correlate the heat transfer data in the saturated boiling regime in microchannel flows. In this model, specific features of flow boiling in microchannels are incorporated while deriving analytical solutions for the convection enhancement factor and nucleate boiling suppression factor. Good agreement with the experimental measurements indicates that this model is suitable for use in analyzing boiling heat transfer in microchannel flows.

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G, Harikrishnan. "CFD Simulation of Subcooled Flow Boiling using OpenFOAM." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/spl.2.2014.82.

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43

Riemke, Richard A. "Modification to Unal’s Subcooled Flow Boiling Bubble Model." Nuclear Technology 102, no. 3 (June 1993): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt93-a17039.

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KAWADA, Ryo, and Koichi SUZUKI. "Subcooled Transition Boiling in a Circular Flow Channel." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2004.10 (2004): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2004.10.407.

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Haynes, B. S., and D. F. Fletcher. "Subcooled flow boiling heat transfer in narrow passages." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46, no. 19 (September 2003): 3673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(03)00172-8.

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Najibi, S. H., H. Müller-Steinhagen, and M. Jamialahmadi. "Calcium sulphate scale formation during subcooled flow boiling." Chemical Engineering Science 52, no. 8 (April 1997): 1265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(96)00505-2.

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Celata, G. P., M. Cumo, and A. Mariani. "High heat flux burnout in subcooled flow boiling." Journal of Thermal Science 4, no. 3 (September 1995): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02650822.

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Yuan, Bo, Yonghai Zhang, and Jinjia Wei. "Theoretical CHF predicted model for subcooled flow boiling." Heat and Mass Transfer 55, no. 9 (February 20, 2019): 2437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02595-0.

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Bower, Jason S., and James F. Klausner. "Gravity independent subcooled flow boiling heat transfer regime." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 31, no. 2 (November 2006): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2006.03.024.

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Lebon, Michel T., Caleb F. Hammer, and Jungho Kim. "Gravity effects on subcooled flow boiling heat transfer." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 128 (January 2019): 700–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.011.

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