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Journal articles on the topic 'Subalpine lakes'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Donald, D. B., and D. J. Alger. "Dynamics of Unexploited and Lightly Exploited Populations of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) from Coastal, Montane, and Subalpine Lakes in Western Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-217.

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Populations of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in one coastal and two montane lakes were characterized by a relatively stable age structure, approximately 50% annual mortality, maximum longevity of 7 yr, and close to linear growth beginning at age 1 or age 2. In contrast, populations in subalpine lakes were characterized by an unstable age structure, large annual variation in recruitment, maximum longevity of 13 yr or more, and growth patterns that were either asymptotic, complex, or linear. Age structure and thus year-class strength was directly related to cumulative summer temperature in one subalpine lake (r = 0.71, N = 11), and in others, strong year-classes were often associated with warm summers. These analyses indicate that the magnitude of recruitment in subalpine lakes was either primarily or at least partly due to annual differences in summer temperature. Longevity was inversely related to midsummer water temperature.

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2

Goldman, Charles R. "Four decades of change in two subalpine lakes." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 1 (April 2000): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11901200.

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3

Donald, David B., R. Stewart Anderson, and David W. Mayhood. "Coexistence of fish and large Hesperodiaptomus species (Crustacea: Calanoida) in subalpine and alpine lakes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-035.

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In western Canada, the large diaptomids Hesperodiaptomus arcticus and (or) H. shoshone (> 2.5 mm) usually coexist with fish in large subalpine and alpine lakes located 1800 – 2455 m above sea level, but not in small lakes with area 2–16 ha and maximum depth 4–16 m. The char (Salvelinus) and trout (Oncorhynchus) species that inhabit these lakes are usually caught at depths of < 10 m and feed near shore. The profundal and offshore pelagic habitats of the large lakes provide a refuge from salmonid predation, permitting coexistence of large zooplankton and fish.

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4

Gerosa, C., M. Bresciani, G. Luciani, C. A. Biraghi, D. Carrion, M. Rogora, and M. A. Brovelli. "ZONATION OF SUBALPINE LAKES BASED ON REMOTELY SENSED WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 29, 2021): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-551-2021.

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Abstract. SIMILE is an INTERREG Italy-Switzerland project that aims to preserve water quality of the subalpine lakes Como, Lugano and Maggiore (Northern Italy), through an integrated innovative monitoring system. For this purpose, satellite images are processed to map and monitor Chlorophyll-a (CHL-a), Total Suspended Solids (TSM) and Lake Water Surface Temperature (LWST). This study combines these remotely sensed water quality parameters (WPQs) maps, produced for the SIMILE project during 2019–2020, to propose and discuss a zonation approach that can support the monitoring of the study lakes through the analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of the selected parameters. The approach consists in performing a cluster analysis on a combined sample of WQPs maps, on a monthly basis, for each lake; then the different lake clusters are compared over time, through time series analysis of the WQPs patterns. Finally, the clusters patterns are aggregated over time to map the lakes’ areas that have experienced higher or lower WQPs values during 2019–2020. The results show a high spatial variability for the lakes under study, both during the different seasons and years; a North-South gradient has been identified for all WQPs pattern, requiring for further investigation.

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5

Sighicelli, Maria, Loris Pietrelli, Francesca Lecce, Valentina Iannilli, Mauro Falconieri, Lucia Coscia, Stefania Di Vito, Simone Nuglio, and Giorgio Zampetti. "Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of Italian Subalpine Lakes." Environmental Pollution 236 (May 2018): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.008.

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6

Free, Gary, Mariano Bresciani, Monica Pinardi, Nicola Ghirardi, Giulia Luciani, Rossana Caroni, and Claudia Giardino. "Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data." Water 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060866.

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Climate change has increased the temperature and altered the mixing regime of high-value lakes in the subalpine region of Northern Italy. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a can help provide a time series to allow an assessment of the ecological implications of this. Non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) was used to visualize and understand the changes that have occurred between 2003–2018 in Lakes Garda, Como, Iseo, and Maggiore. In all four deep subalpine lakes, there has been a disruption from a traditional pattern of a significant spring chlorophyll-a peak followed by a clear water phase and summer/autumn peaks. This was replaced after 2010–2012, with lower spring peaks and a tendency for annual maxima to occur in summer. There was a tendency for this switch to be interspersed by a two-year period of low chlorophyll-a. Variables that were significant in NPMR included time, air temperature, total phosphorus, winter temperature, and winter values for the North Atlantic Oscillation. The change from spring to summer chlorophyll-a maxima, relatively sudden in an ecological context, could be interpreted as a regime shift. The cause was probably cascading effects from increased winter temperatures, reduced winter mixing, and altered nutrient dynamics. Future trends will depend on climate change and inter-decadal climate drivers.

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7

Goldman, Charles R., Alan Jassby, and Thomas Powell. "Interannual fluctuations in primary production: Meteorological forcing at two subalpine lakes." Limnology and Oceanography 34, no. 2 (March 1989): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.2.0310.

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8

Morabito, Giuseppe, Nico Salmaso, and Delio Ruggiu. "Phytoplankton association patterns in the deep southern subalpine lakes (Part 1)." Journal of Limnology 61, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2002.91.

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9

Morabito, Giuseppe, Nico Salmaso, and Delio Ruggiu. "Phytoplankton association patterns in the deep southern subalpine lakes (Part 2)." Journal of Limnology 62, no. 2 (August 1, 2003): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2003.175.

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10

Junfang, ZHANG, FENG Jia, XIE Shulian, and WANG Shihui. "Characteristics of phytoplankton community structures in Ningwu subalpine lakes, Shanxi Province." Journal of Lake Sciences 24, no. 1 (2012): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/2012.0116.

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11

Patelli, Martina, Barbara Leoni, and Fabio Lepori. "Causes of Daphnia midsummer decline in two deep meromictic subalpine lakes." Freshwater Biology 65, no. 4 (December 22, 2019): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13462.

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12

Brovelli, M. A., M. Cannata, and M. Rogora. "SIMILE, A GEOSPATIAL ENABLER OF THE MONITORING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 6 (ENSURE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER FOR ALL)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W20 (November 15, 2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w20-3-2019.

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Abstract. The paper presents SIMILE (Italian acronym for “Integrated monitoring system for knowledge, protection and valorization of the subalpine lakes and their ecosystems), a cross-border Italian-Swiss project whose general objectives are the strengthening of the coordinated management of the water of the great subalpine lakes in the so-called Insubric region and the intensification of stakeholder participation in the processes of knowledge and monitoring of the water resource. The project fits the purpose of SDG 6 and involves administrations, monitoring agencies, universities and research centers, and citizens.SIMILE is a system where geospatial data, information, and techniques play a pivotal role. The system strongly benefits the information derived from the analysis of Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 3 imagery, in situ authoritative data, and user-contributed georeferenced data. A Business Intelligence (BI) platform, i.e. a web data-driven decision support system, will allow the integration, analysis, and synthesis of the information derived from the different types of data, heterogeneous in format, coordinate system, information content, and access method. The technologies that will be used are based on open software so as to guarantee the replicability and sustainability of the system.

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13

Heinrichs, Markus L., Martin G. Evans, Richard J. Hebda, Ian R. Walker, Samantha L. Palmer, and Sandra M. Rosenberg. "Holocene Climatic Change and Landscape Response at Cathedral Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 58, no. 1 (June 26, 2006): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013113ar.

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Abstract Environmental sensitivity to temperature change was established by comparing pollen, plant macrofossils, macroscopic charcoal, and sediment yield data from Lake of the Woods, Cathedral Provincial Park in the Cascade Mountains of southern British Columbia, Canada, to an independent record of midge-inferred paleotemperature. Steppe vegetation with some spruce and fir occurred initially, developing into pine forests in the warm early Holocene. These forests burned often, preventing spruce and fir succession. Once established, the forests retained an Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir character. After 8000 cal BP, in warm but wetter conditions, the forest contained less pine and fires burned less frequently. About 4000 cal BP, cooler temperatures resulted in closure of the Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir forests and a further reduction in fire frequency. Sediment yield results suggest a stable environment throughout the Holocene, likely due to sediment trapping in two upstream lakes. Midge-inferred temperatures correspond closely with a consensus reconstruction of temperatures from southern British Columbia, however Cathedral Provincial Park terrestrial ecosystems were not as sensitive to past climate change when compared to other nearby Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir sites.

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14

Szumny, Mirosław, Bogdan Gądek, Michał Laska, and Michał Ciepły. "Thermal Sensitivity of High Mountain Lakes: The Role of Morphometry and Topography (The Tatra Mts., Poland)." Water 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172704.

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This study presents the results of a 5-year monitoring program of ice cover, water temperature, and local meteorological conditions carried out in three reference lakes in the periglacial zone of the Polish Tatra Mountains. On the basis of this information, the relationships between the weighted mean water temperature of each of these lakes and the air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and ice–snow cover in the summer, spring, and autumn seasons, as well as year-round, were described, and the roles of the morphometry of lakes and the topography of their catchments were determined. It was found that the sensitivity of the lakes to climate warming increased with a decrease in their area/depth and shade, and with an increase in altitude and the share of wind-blown snow in the formation of the ice–snow cover. An increase in the mean annual air temperature does not necessarily translate into the warming of lakes, but, paradoxically, may result in their cooling. The current climate may not be best reflected by the most sensitive lakes, but rather by the largest ones located in the subalpine zone.

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15

Buczkó, Krisztina, Csilla Kövér, Enikő Magyari, Zoltán Szabó, and János Korponai. "First record of Gomphonema lacunicola Patrick et Freese (Bacillariophyta) from the Pâreng Mts (Southern Carpathians, Romania)." Studia botanica hungarica 53, no. 1 (2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17110/studbot.2022.53.1.51.

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Here we report and document the occurrence of the diatom Gomphonema lacunicola Patrick et Freese 1961 from the Pâreng Mts of the Carpathian Mountains, Romania. This observation was made within the framework of a systematic sampling campaign and analyses that were conducted in the Southern Carpathians, covering 40 mountain lakes for discovering the cladoceran fauna and diatom flora of this region between 2012 and 2014. G. lacunicola was found only in one of the 40 lakes, namely in Lake Câlcescu, where it was extremely rare, but the characteristic feature of the lake promoted the presence of the species. Lake Câlcescu is a subalpine lake, located 1,934 m a.s.l. This is the first record of this diatom species in Romania.

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16

Salmaso, Nico, and Rosario Mosello. "Limnological research in the deep southern subalpine lakes: synthesis, directions and perspectives." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2010.5294.

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Based on a selection of 230 papers published during the last 15 years in international journals, the present work aims at evaluating the state of the art of limnological research in the deep southern subalpine lakes (DSL: Garda, Iseo, Como, Lugano and Maggiore). Historically, most of the limnological research was fostered by the need to find solutions to the problems connected with eutrophication and pollution. Many data are available on the thermal structure, algal nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton of the DSL, while other topics still remain more or less constrained to single lakes. Apart from this geographical bias, a number of aspects emerged from this synoptic view. Limnological research is still linked to the concept of scientific monitoring, while experimental studies and modelling are confined to specific niches; the integration of different disciplines is held back by the division of studies on different compartments; integration of studies and synoptic analyses at a macro regional scale have been carried out only for specific research areas. The DSL are increasingly threatened by new pressures (climatic change, excessive proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria, introduction of new species and new micropollutants) and by the interactions among these new and old stressors. In this rapidly changing situation, the paper emphasises the need to define criteria to be used to distinguish research able to produce relevant results and predictive models, which are essential elements for an efficient management of water resources.

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17

Salmaso, Nico, and Rosario Mosello. "Limnological research in the deep southern subalpine lakes: synthesis, directions and perspectives." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 1, no. 1 (June 2010): 29–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475721003735773.

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18

Campbell, D. H., E. Muths, J. T. Turk, and P. S. Corn. "Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado." Hydrological Processes 18, no. 15 (October 11, 2004): 2817–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1496.

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19

Ernst, Anneliese, Manfred Deicher, Peter M. J. Herman, and Ute I. A. Wollenzien. "Nitrate and Phosphate Affect Cultivability of Cyanobacteria from Environments with Low Nutrient Levels." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 6 (June 2005): 3379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.6.3379-3383.2005.

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ABSTRACT Nitrate and phosphate concentrations higher than those found in the natural environment slowed down growth of two strains of non-bloom-forming, phycoerythrin-rich Synechococcus spp. isolated from mesotrophic subalpine lakes. The results make clear why isolation of these picocyanobacteria in standard cultivation media was difficult. At low concentrations, closely related strains exhibited distinct growth characteristics with respect to these two nutrients, possibly explaining differences in their seasonal appearance in the natural environment.

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20

Crosbie, Nicholas D., Matthias Pöckl, and Thomas Weisse. "Dispersal and Phylogenetic Diversity of Nonmarine Picocyanobacteria, Inferred from 16S rRNA Gene and cpcBA-Intergenic Spacer Sequence Analyses." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 9 (September 2003): 5716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.9.5716-5721.2003.

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ABSTRACT More than 20 Synechococcus and Cyanobium isolates were obtained from central European subalpine lakes and sequenced for their 16S rRNA gene and part of the phycocyanin operon (cpc), specifically the intergenic spacer (IGS) between cpcB and cpcA, and corresponding flanking regions (cpcBA-IGS). Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed the existence of at least six to seven clusters of nonmarine picocyanobacteria within the picophytoplankton clade and support the conjecture of global dispersal for some closely related picocyanobacterial genotypes.

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21

Şahin, Bülent, and Sophia Barınova. "Role of Altitude in Formation of Diatom Diversity of High Mountain Protected Glacier Lakes in the Kaçkar Mountains National Park, Rize, Turkey." Environments 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9100127.

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The benthic diatom assemblages of the glacier Avusor Great Lake and Koçdüzü Great Lake were investigated in August 2019. A total of 71 diatom species belonging to 34 genera were determined in the samples, 49 species from Avusor Great Lake and 37 from Koçdüzü Great Lake. Only 15 diatom species were common to both lakes. Total floristic similarity between the neighbouring lakes was only 21.12%. Genera with the highest number of species were Eunotia (8), Gomphonema (6), Pinnularia (6), Navicula (5) and Aulacoseira (4). The diatom flora of both lakes was formed by cosmopolitan species with a large influence from species in alpine and subalpine area. A comparison of the diatom assemblages of the investigated lakes showed differences in both relative abundance and species present in the individual lakes. Bioindicative analysis showed that the water of Koçdüzü Great Lake is more alkaline and less saturated with organic substances than Avusor Great Lake. In both lakes, the communities are composed of species adapted to living in the benthos of fresh waters of moderate temperature well enriched with oxygen. In both lakes, the water quality was Class 2 with a saprobity index of S = 1.08 in Avusor Great Lake and 0.97 in Koçdüzü Great Lake, but their communities were composed of species with both oligotrophic and mesotrophic status. Statistical comparison of the species composition of studied lakes with other high mountain lakes and the lakes in northern Turkey revealed the role of altitude as the main factor in the formation of diatom floras.

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22

Niroumand-Jadidi, Milad, Francesca Bovolo, Lorenzo Bruzzone, and Peter Gege. "Inter-Comparison of Methods for Chlorophyll-a Retrieval: Sentinel-2 Time-Series Analysis in Italian Lakes." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122381.

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Different methods are available for retrieving chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in inland waters from optical imagery, but there is still a need for an inter-comparison among the products. Such analysis can provide insights into the method selection, integration of products, and algorithm development. This work aims at inter-comparison and consistency analyses among the Chl-a products derived from publicly available methods consisting of Case-2 Regional/Coast Colour (C2RCC), Water Color Simulator (WASI), and OC3 (3-band Ocean Color algorithm). C2RCC and WASI are physics-based processors enabling the retrieval of not only Chl-a but also total suspended matter (TSM) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), whereas OC3 is a broadly used semi-empirical approach for Chl-a estimation. To pursue the inter-comparison analysis, we demonstrate the application of Sentinel-2 imagery in the context of multitemporal retrieval of constituents in some Italian lakes. The analysis is performed for different bio-optical conditions including subalpine lakes in Northern Italy (Garda, Idro, and Ledro) and a turbid lake in Central Italy (Lake Trasimeno). The Chl-a retrievals are assessed versus in situ matchups that indicate the better performance of WASI. Moreover, relative consistency analyses are performed among the products (Chl-a, TSM, and CDOM) derived from different methods. In the subalpine lakes, the results indicate a high consistency between C2RCC and WASI when aCDOM(440) < 0.5 m−1, whereas the retrieval of constituents, particularly Chl-a, is problematic based on C2RCC for high-CDOM cases. In the turbid Lake Trasimeno, the extreme neural network of C2RCC provided more consistent products with WASI than the normal network. OC3 overestimates the Chl-a concentration. The flexibility of WASI in the parametrization of inversion allows for the adaptation of the method for different optical conditions. The implementation of WASI requires more experience, and processing is time demanding for large lakes. This study elaborates on the pros and cons of each method, providing guidelines and criteria on their use.

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23

Huang, Sijun, Yongqin Liu, Anyi Hu, Xiaobo Liu, Feng Chen, Tandong Yao, and Nianzhi Jiao. "Genetic Diversity of Picocyanobacteria in Tibetan Lakes: Assessing the Endemic and Universal Distributions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 24 (October 3, 2014): 7640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02611-14.

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ABSTRACTThe phylogenetic diversity of picocyanobacteria in seven alkaline lakes on the Tibetan Plateau was analyzed using the molecular marker 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer sequence. A total of 1,077 environmental sequences retrieved from the seven lakes were grouped into seven picocyanobacterial clusters, with two clusters newly described here. Each of the lakes was dominated by only one or two clusters, while different lakes could have disparate communities, suggesting low alpha diversity but high beta diversity of picocyanobacteria in these high-altitude freshwater and saline lakes. Several globally distributed clusters were found in these Tibetan lakes, such as subalpine cluster I and theCyanobium gracilecluster. Although other clusters likely exhibit geographic restriction to the plateau temporally, reflecting endemicity, they can indeed be distributed widely on the plateau. Lakes with similar salinities may have similar genetic populations despite a large geographic distance. Canonical correspondence analysis identified salinity as the only environmental factor that may in part explain the diversity variations among lakes. Mantel tests suggested that the community similarities among lakes are independent of geographic distance. A portion of the picocyanobacterial clusters appear to be restricted to a narrow salinity range, while others are likely adapted to a broad range. A seasonal survey of Lake Namucuo across 3 years did not show season-related variations in diversity, and depth-related population partitioning was observed along a vertical profile of the lake. Our study emphasizes the high dispersive potential of picocyanobacteria and suggests that the regional distribution may result from adaptation to specified environments.

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24

Tartarotti, Barbara, Ruben Sommaruga, and Nadine Saul. "Contrasting diurnal patterns in antioxidant capacities, but not in expression of stress protein genes among copepod populations from clear versus glacially fed alpine and subalpine lakes." Journal of Plankton Research 41, no. 6 (November 2019): 897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz061.

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Abstract Short-term changes in environmental conditions largely influence planktonic organisms, but their responses will depend on the habitat characteristics. Here we studied diurnal patterns in antioxidative metabolites (lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities) and in the expression of stress protein genes (heat shock proteins, hsp) of copepods to identify short-term stress responses in clear and turbid alpine lakes, as well as in less transparent subalpine ones. Cyclops abyssorum tatricus showed diurnal variation in antioxidant capacities with maxima around noon in clear, but not in glacially fed, turbid lakes. Low fluctuations of these metabolites were also observed in another copepod, Acanthodiaptomus denticornis. Although levels of hsp genes differed between populations living in clear or glacially fed lakes, there was no diurnal rhythmicity in gene expression. Our data show that when planktonic organisms may be at greatest risk of oxidative damage, such as during the daytime in high UV radiation environments, they activate antioxidant responses. Conversely, in less transparent lakes, the physiological response seems to be unnecessary. The difference in gene expression levels suggests an ecological, albeit not acute, role of these genes in copepods experiencing daily environmental fluctuations.

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Bresciani, M., I. Cazzaniga, M. Austoni, T. Sforzi, F. Buzzi, G. Morabito, and C. Giardino. "Mapping phytoplankton blooms in deep subalpine lakes from Sentinel-2A and Landsat-8." Hydrobiologia 824, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3462-2.

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26

Eagles-Smith, Collin A., Garth Herring, Branden Johnson, and Rick Graw. "Conifer density within lake catchments predicts fish mercury concentrations in remote subalpine lakes." Environmental Pollution 212 (May 2016): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.049.

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27

Callieri, Cristiana, Salvador Hernández-Avilés, Michaela M. Salcher, Diego Fontaneto, and Roberto Bertoni. "Distribution patterns and environmental correlates of Thaumarchaeota abundance in six deep subalpine lakes." Aquatic Sciences 78, no. 2 (August 23, 2015): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-015-0418-3.

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28

Vasconi, Mauro, Fabio Caprino, Federica Bellagamba, Maria Letizia Busetto, Cristian Bernardi, Cesare Puzzi, and Vittorio Maria Moretti. "Fatty Acid Composition of Freshwater Wild Fish in Subalpine Lakes: A Comparative Study." Lipids 50, no. 3 (December 18, 2014): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-014-3978-4.

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29

Anderson, R. S., C. D. Allen, J. L. Toney, R. B. Jass, and A. N. Bair. "Holocene vegetation and fire regimes in subalpine and mixed conifer forests, southern Rocky Mountains, USA." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 1 (2008): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07028.

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Our understanding of the present forest structure of western North America hinges on our ability to determine antecedent forest conditions. Sedimentary records from lakes and bogs in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico provide information on the relationships between climate and vegetation change, and fire history since deglaciation. We present a new pollen record from Hunters Lake (Colorado) as an example of a high-elevation vegetation history from the southern Rockies. We then present a series of six sedimentary records from ~2600 to 3500-m elevation, including sites presently at the alpine–subalpine boundary, within the Picea engelmannii–Abies lasiocarpa forest and within the mixed conifer forest, to determine the history of fire in high-elevation forests there. High Artemisia and low but increasing percentages of Picea and Pinus suggest vegetation prior to 13 500 calendar years before present (cal yr BP) was tundra or steppe, with open spruce woodland to ~11 900 cal yr BP. Subalpine forest (Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa) existed around the lake for the remainder of the Holocene. At lower elevations, Pinus ponderosa and/or contorta expanded 11 900 to 10 200 cal yr BP; mixed conifer forest expanded ~8600 to 4700 cal yr BP; and Pinus edulis expanded after ~4700 cal yr BP. Sediments from lake sites near the alpine–subalpine transition contained five times less charcoal than those entirely within subalpine forests, and 40 times less than bog sites within mixed conifer forest. Higher fire episode frequencies occurred between ~12 000 and 9000 cal yr BP (associated with the initiation or expansion of south-west monsoon and abundant lightning, and significant biomass during vegetation turnover) and at ~2000–1000 cal yr BP (related to periodic droughts during the long-term trend towards wetter conditions and greater biomass). Fire episode frequencies for subalpine–alpine transition and subalpine sites were on average 5 to 10 fire events/1000 years over the Holocene, corresponding to one fire event every ~100 to 200 years. (5) Our Holocene-length sedimentary charcoal records provide additional evidence for the anomalous nature of the 20th-century fire regime, where fires were largely suppressed as a national policy.

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30

Pascariello, Simona, Michela Mazzoni, Roberta Bettinetti, Marina Manca, Martina Patelli, Roberta Piscia, Sara Valsecchi, and Stefano Polesello. "Organic Contaminants in Zooplankton of Italian Subalpine Lakes: Patterns of Distribution and Seasonal Variations." Water 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091901.

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Zooplankton is a key node in many trophic webs, both for food that for persistent organic contaminants that can accumulate in biota. Zooplankton of different size was seasonally sampled for two years in three deep Italian subalpine lakes (Maggiore, Como, Iseo) with the aim of determining the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), DDT, and PCB, and assessing the seasonality impacts on contaminants concentrations. In general, Lake Maggiore showed the highest concentrations for each group of contaminants, with mean values of 7.6 ng g−1 ww for PFAS, 65.0 ng g−1 dw for DDT, and 65.5 ng g−1 dw for PCB. When considering the composition pattern, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected in 96% of the samples and it was the predominant PFAS compound in all of the lakes. pp’ DDE was the most detected congener among DDTs and their metabolites, while for PCBs, the prevalent group was hexa-CB that constituted 35.4% of the total PCB contamination. A seasonal trend was highlighted for all contaminant groups with concentrations in colder months greater than in spring and summer; it was evident that the contaminant concentrations were more dependent from seasonality than from size, trophic levels, and taxa composition of zooplankton. Principal component analysis showed that one of the main driver for the accumulation of most of the studied contaminants is their lipophilicity, except for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and octachlorobiphenyl.

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31

Baron, Jill, Stephen A. Norton, David R. Beeson, and Raymond Herrmann. "Sediment Diatom and Metal Stratigraphy from Rocky Mountain Lakes with Special Reference to Atmospheric Deposition." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 1350–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-169.

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We addressed the hypothesis that current levels of acidity in precipitation falling on Rocky Mountain National Park, USA, are greater than historical levels. Sediment cores from four subalpine lakes were sectioned and dated with 210Pb. The stratigraphic records of metals were used to detect trends in the deposition of Pb, Cu, Zn, and V because these metals are known to increase in areas receiving air masses polluted with fossil-fuel emissions. Diatom assemblages over time were used as indicators of change in lake water chemistry. Reconstructions of pH from four lakes were prepared using Index B, Index α, and predictive equations derived from an additional 19 lake surface sediments. The metal stratigraphy, diatom stratigraphy, and inferred pH profiles of the four study lakes indicate no historical influence on pH attributable to atmospheric deposition. Common to all four cored lakes, however, is a persistent increase in the deposition rate of Pb starting in the period between 1855 and 1905. The most likely source of the Pb is airborne particules from mining activity in Colorado which began in the mid-1800s. Recent high levels of Pb within the sediments may be due in part to emissions related to automotive leaded gasoline combustion.

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32

Rosenberg, Sandra M., Ian R. Walker, Rolf W. Mathewes, and Douglas J. Hallett. "Midge-inferred Holocene climate history of two subalpine lakes in southern British Columbia, Canada." Holocene 14, no. 2 (February 2004): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl703rp.

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33

D'Alelio, Domenico, Nico Salmaso, and Andrea Gandolfi. "Frequent recombination shapes the epidemic population structure of Planktothrix (Cyanoprokaryota) in Italian subalpine lakes." Journal of Phycology 49, no. 6 (October 1, 2013): 1107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12116.

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34

Pompeani, David P., Kendra K. McLauchlan, Barrie V. Chileen, W. John Calder, Bryan N. Shuman, and Philip E. Higuera. "The biogeochemical consequences of late Holocene wildfires in three subalpine lakes from northern Colorado." Quaternary Science Reviews 236 (May 2020): 106293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106293.

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35

Gerdeaux, Daniel, and Marie-Elodie Perga. "Changes in whitefish scales δ 13 C during eutrophication and reoligotrophication of subalpine lakes." Limnology and Oceanography 51, no. 1part2 (January 2006): 772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.1_part_2.0772.

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36

Rogora, Michela, Rosario Mosello, Lyudmila Kamburska, Nico Salmaso, Leonardo Cerasino, Barbara Leoni, Letizia Garibaldi, et al. "Recent trends in chloride and sodium concentrations in the deep subalpine lakes (Northern Italy)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, no. 23 (August 2, 2015): 19013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5090-6.

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37

Winn, Neil, Craig E. Williamson, Robbyn Abbitt, Kevin Rose, William Renwick, Mary Henry, and Jasmine Saros. "Modeling dissolved organic carbon in subalpine and alpine lakes with GIS and remote sensing." Landscape Ecology 24, no. 6 (May 7, 2009): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9359-3.

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38

Wolanin, Anna, Daria Chmielewska-Błotnicka, Łukasz Jelonkiewicz, and Mirosław Żelazny. "Spatial variation of the chemical composition of lake waters in the Tatra National Park." Limnological Review 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2015-0013.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the spatial variation of the chemical composition of lake waters in the Tatra Mountains. In most cases, the lake waters are acidic and very dilute, with a low ionic content and low conductivity values. In general, HCO3- is the predominant anion and Ca2+ is the predominant cation in the chemical composition of the analysed water samples. Among nutrients, NO3- is the dominant form of nitrogen, but also NH4+ may be found in lake waters. By using principal component analysis (PCA) two factors have been identified that explain 63.6% of the variation in the chemical composition of water. Factor 1, which explains 43.2% of the total variability, is associated with Ca2+, SO42-, HCO3-, Na+, pH and lake area and is related to weathering and atmospheric deposition. Factor 2 explains 20.4% of the total variability and is associated with Mg2+, K+, Cl- and with lake altitude. In terms of chemical composition, based on the projection of cases of the first and second factor, the lakes in the Tatra Mountains may be divided into four groups, representing the following: lakes situated within the subalpine forest at the lowest altitude (<1300 m a.s.l.), characterized by medium mineralization (~14 mg dm-3) and the highest concentration of NH4+ and Cl- (Group I, 8 lakes); slightly alkaline lakes, with the lowest average acidification, medium mineralization (~31 mg dm-3) and the highest concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42-, and low concentrations of NO3- (Group II, 2 lakes); small lakes (<0.01 ha) located within the alpine meadow and the nival zones at high elevations with the lowest mean mineralization (~4.3 mg dm-3), with the highest ammonium contribution to the sum of ions among all lakes and the largest sensitivity to acidification (Group III, 13 lakes); large lakes with high mineralization and slightly acidic pH (Group IV, 26 lakes) and medium mineralization (~31 mg dm-3).

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39

Vander Zanden, M. Jake, Sudeep Chandra, Sang-Kyu Park, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, and Charles R. Goldman. "Efficiencies of benthic and pelagic trophic pathways in a subalpine lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 2608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-148.

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Although the study of lakes has traditionally focused on pelagic production pathways, recent stable isotope and diet evidence indicates that benthic algal production is an important contributor to fish production. This has led to the suggestion that energy may be more efficiently passed along benthic food chains relative to their pelagic counterparts. To test this idea, we combined stable isotope based assessments of energy flow pathways with estimates of pelagic- and benthic-based primary and secondary production in Castle Lake, California. Approximately 50% of whole-lake primary production and 30% of whole-lake secondary production occurred in benthic habitats. Stable carbon isotopes and dietary data indicated that fish were predominantly supported by benthic (63%) and terrestrial (24%) secondary production. Ecological efficiencies (algal production / invertebrate production) were low in Castle Lake (<3%), though zoobenthic production was more efficiently passed to fish than was zooplankton production. The larger size of benthic prey relative to pelagic prey may affect fish prey selection and foraging efficiency, resulting in differences in ecological efficiency between pelagic and benthic trophic pathways.

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40

Rose, Kevin C., Craig E. Williamson, Jasmine E. Saros, Ruben Sommaruga, and Janet M. Fischer. "Differences in UV transparency and thermal structure between alpine and subalpine lakes: implications for organisms." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 8, no. 9 (2009): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b905616e.

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41

Ellis, Bonnie K., Jack A. Stanford, James A. Craft, Dale W. Chess, F. Richard Hauer, and Diane C. Whited. "Plankton communities of alpine and subalpine lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A., 1984–1990." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 28, no. 3 (October 2002): 1542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2001.11902716.

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42

Pan, Yangdong, Lizhu Wang, Yong Cao, Wanting Pang, Quanxi Wang, Zhongfu Zhu, Xiaoping Zhang, and Guiping Deng. "Variation of benthic algal assemblages among habitats in subalpine Karstic Lakes and implications for bioassessment." Hydrobiologia 777, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2775-x.

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43

Wann, Jen-Kang, and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. "Distribution of Trace Metals in the Surface Sediments of Two Pristine Subalpine Lakes in Taiwan." Chemistry and Ecology 12, no. 1-2 (April 1996): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757549608035348.

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44

Peterson, David L., Michael J. Arbaugh, and Melody A. Lardner. "Leaf area of lodgepole pine and whitebark pine in a subalpine Sierra Nevada forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-063.

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Leaf area index (LAI) of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.) and whitebark pine (Pinusalbicaulis Engelm.) was calculated as part of an integrated study of the biogeochemistry of the Eastern Brook Lakes watershed in the eastern Sierra Nevada. LAI was calculated using leaf area and biomass data from this study and diameter–crown foliage relationships obtained from the literature. Mean LAI for all forest types sampled was 4.2 for lodgepole pine and 5.2 for whitebark pine. LAI ranged from 3.6 to 11.7 for different forest types, with a mean of 7.9 for all forested areas of the watershed. LAI values will assist in calculating potential evapotranspiration and hydrologic budgets for the watershed.

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45

Milbrink, Göran, Tobias Vrede, Lars J. Tranvik, and Emil Rydin. "Large-scale and long-term decrease in fish growth following the construction of hydroelectric reservoirs." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 12 (December 2011): 2167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-131.

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Hydroelectric reservoirs retain large volumes of water and have a global impact on sea level, elemental cycles, and biodiversity. Using data from a total of 90 historical and recent surveys in nine regulated and eight unregulated alpine and subalpine lakes, we show an additional large effect of reservoirs, i.e., that impoundment causes drastically decreased fish growth and thereby great negative consequences for inland fisheries in Scandinavia. Following a long period (40–65 years) after impoundment, the length and mass of Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) of the single age class 4+ years was, on average, 35% and 72% lower, respectively, in impounded versus natural lakes in northern Scandinavia. The effect was stronger at higher altitudes and can be mitigated by addition of inorganic nutrients. We suggest that the decreased fish growth is a consequence of lowered ecosystem productivity, oligotrophication, caused by impoundment, resulting in erosion and loss of the littoral ecosystem as well as delayed flooding and leakage of nutrients from the riparian zone until after the growing season.

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46

Parish, Meredith C., W. John Calder, and Bryan N. Shuman. "Millennial-scale increase in winter precipitation in the southern Rocky Mountains during the Common Era." Quaternary Research 94 (February 14, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.85.

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AbstractWe employed the modern analog technique to quantitatively reconstruct temperature and precipitation over the past 2500 yr based on fossil pollen records from six high-elevation lakes in northern Colorado. Reconstructed annual temperatures for the study area did not deviate significantly from modern over the past 2500 yr despite hemispheric expressions of Medieval Climate Anomaly warmth and Little Ice Age cooling. Annual precipitation, however, shifted from lower than modern rates from 2500 to 1000 cal yr BP to higher than modern rates after 1000 cal yr BP, a greater than 100 mm increase in precipitation. Winter precipitation accounts for the majority of the change in annual precipitation, while summer precipitation rates did not change significantly over the past 2500 yr. The large change in winter precipitation rates from the first to second millennium of the Common Era is inferred from a shift in fossil pollen assemblages dominated by subalpine conifers, which have southern sites as modern analogs, to assemblages representing open subalpine vegetation with abundant Artemisia spp. (sagebrush), which have more northern modern analogs. The change helps to explain regional increases in lake levels and shifts in some isotopic and tree-ring data sets, highlighting the risk of large reductions in snowpack and water supplies in the Intermountain West.

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47

Mathewes, Rolf W., and Miriam King. "Holocene vegetation, climate, and lake-level changes in the Interior Douglas-fir Biogeoclimatic Zone, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 1811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-154.

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Chilhil, Phair, Fishblue, and Horseshoe lakes in the southern interior of British Columbia were cored and analyzed for pollen. Phair Lake was also examined for plant macrofossils and aquatic molluscs. Two dated volcanic tephras (Mazama and Bridge River) are present in three of the four lakes and, together with radiocarbon dates, provide an absolute chronology for pollen-influx calculations and stratigraphic correlation. Abrupt changes in sediment type at Phair Lake about 5650 and 2000 years ago correlate with Neoglacial advances near the coast–interior transition. Pollen changes suggestive of moister conditions and the presence of an aquatic mollusc (Valvata sincera helicoidea) at Phair and Chilhil lakes are consistent with the Neoglacial evidence of cooler and wetter conditions after about 2400 years ago. The driest part of the Holocene was the early, pre-Mazama (ca. 6600–6800 years ago) interval, when the vegetation was more open and herb rich and the lake levels were lower than at present. Wetter climatic conditions appear in post-Mazama time, indicated by regional increases in the pollen of Tsuga heterophylla and other coastal and subalpine trees. Pollen-influx values for the Interior Douglas-fir Zone are broadly consistent at all sites, with values of < 2000 –8000 grains cm−2 year−1. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) has been an important forest species in the study region throughout the Holocene.

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48

Dupouy-Camet, J., and R. Peduzzi. "Current situation of human diphyllobothriasis in Europe." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.05.00467-en.

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Diphyllobothriasis, a parasitosis caused by the flatworm Diphyllobothrium latum, is contracted by consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the situation of this parasitosis during the past 20 years in Europe through the analysis of databases and search engines (Medline, Cabi Helminthological abstracts,Yahoo, Google), and through a questionnaire sent to a network of European parasitologists and to microbiological laboratories located on the shores of the large Alpine lakes. This study has shown that several dozen cases have been reported each year in Finland and Sweden, that there have been numerous cases in the French or Italian speaking areas of subalpine lakes, and that sporadic cases only have been observed in Austria, Spain, Greece, Romania, Poland and Norway. Over 30 cases have been identified on the Swiss shores of Lake Maggiore since 1990, and 70 cases on the Swiss and French shores of Lake Léman between 1993 and 2002. Eight to 12% of perch fillets from Lake Leman and 7.8 % of perch from Lake Maggiore were infested with larvae. Contamination sources include marinated fish fillets in northern Europe, 'carpaccio di persico' in northern Italy, and perch and charr consumed raw or undercooked around Lake Léman. Factors allowing the continuation of the parasitic cycle include the continued dumping of wastewater into lakes, yachtsmen who also fish, and a possible animal reservoir.

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49

Rogora, Michela, Fabio Buzzi, Claudia Dresti, Barbara Leoni, Fabio Lepori, Rosario Mosello, Martina Patelli, and Nico Salmaso. "Climatic effects on vertical mixing and deep-water oxygen content in the subalpine lakes in Italy." Hydrobiologia 824, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3623-y.

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50

Riva, Consuelo, Andrea Binelli, and Alfredo Provini. "Evaluation of several priority pollutants in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the largest Italian subalpine lakes." Environmental Pollution 151, no. 3 (February 2008): 652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.03.016.

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