Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subaerial weathering

Academic literature on the topic 'Subaerial weathering'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Subaerial weathering"

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Potts, Richard. "Temporal span of bone accumulations at Olduvai Gorge and implications for early hominid foraging behavior." Paleobiology 12, no. 1 (1986): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300002955.

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Bones of mammals exhibit progressive stages of weathering during their time of subaerial exposure. Consequently, the study of bone weathering in fossil assemblages may help to assess the period represented by an accumulation of bones. Stages of bone decomposition due to subaerial weathering have been identified in assemblages of fossil macromammals from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. A modern bone assemblage collected by spotted hyenas is used to devise a method for recognizing attritional accumulations of bones from weathering characteristics. This method, which involves study of long bone diaphyses, is applied to Plio-Pleistocene faunal assemblages from Olduvai, 1.70–1.85 ma old. Previous work indicates that early hominids had an important role in the collection of fauna at five of the six sites studied. It is shown that animal bones were accumulated at each site over a period of probably 5–10 yr or more. The length of this period, along with other taphonomic evidence, suggests that the processes of bone aggregation at these sites differed from those at the short-term campsites of modern, tropical hunter-gatherers.
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Tsekhovskii, Yu G., В. А. Bogatyrev, and V. V. Zhukov. "Lithogenesis on peneplaned сontinented platform of Kazakhstan and Siberia during the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary epoch." LITOSFERA, no. 1 (March 17, 2019): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2019-19-1-5-29.

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Research subject. The inner structure, composition, and genesis of the poorly studied formation of weathering crusts are studied with reference to peneplaned platform territories in Kazakhstan and Siberia during the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary epoch. This formation hosts many valuable minerals, such as bauxite, iron ores, refractory clays, etc., thereby attracting much research attention. Materials and methods. The results were obtained following a series of long-term studies and a review of available data recently obtained on the weathering crust formation in the territories of Kazakhstan and Siberia. The methods of lithological facies and formation analysis were used, along with the separate studies of the eluvial material – weathering crusts in erosion areas and intra-formation weathering horizons in accumulation areas. Results. The weathering crust formation in the study area is shown to comprise two kinds of rock mass: siliceous-kaolinite ones forming erosion-tectonic depressions and kaolinite-bauxite ones forming karst depressions. The inner structure, composition, and genesis of both rock mass units are studied in detail, with all their sedimentation stages being analyzed. The sedimentation process is traced from the preparation of the material in weathering crusts at erosion areas to the deposition of this material and its post-sedimentation transformations (mostly with the involvement of subaerial diagenesis) in depressions. Detailed information is presented on subaerial diagenesis, which deserves further studies. Conclusions. This publication is the frst to present detailed information on the inner structure, composition and genesis of the ancient formation of weathering crusts produced in hot humid climate on peneplaned land territories. It is confrmed that the processes underpinning this formation – starting with the preparation of the material and ending with its accumulation in depressions – were different from those typical of modern orogenic environments. This conclusion extends the current understanding of the forms and nature of ancient lithogenetic processes.
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Liu, Jiacheng, Joseph R. Michalski, and Mei-Fu Zhou. "Intense subaerial weathering of eolian sediments in Gale crater, Mars." Science Advances 7, no. 32 (August 2021): eabh2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abh2687.

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After over 8 years of successful surface operations on Mars, the Curiosity rover has revealed much about the environment in Gale crater. Despite early observations of a lacustrine environment, few of the subsequent deposits exhibit demonstrable lacustrine character. We suggest instead that most of the stratigraphic section explored to date can be best explained as eolian and/or volcaniclastic sediments subaerially chemically weathered by acidic precipitation in a reduced atmosphere. Most of the deposits in Gale crater seemingly did not form in an ancient lake, but the results nonetheless shed considerable light on ancient climate, environmental change, and the astrobiology of Mars. Discoveries by Curiosity provide a critical piece to Mars’ global alteration puzzle.
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Dąbski, Maciej. "Rock surface micro−roughness, Schmidt hammer rebound and weathering rind thickness within LIA Skálafellsjökull foreland, SE Iceland." Polish Polar Research 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0008.

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Abstract : Glacially abraded basaltic rock surfaces found within a Little Ice Age (LIA) fore− land of Skálafellsjökull (SE Iceland) were studied at eight sites of different age applying different weathering indices. They include surface micro−roughness parameters measured with the Handysurf E35−B electronic profilometer - a new tool in geomorphology, Schmidt hammer rebound (R−values) and weathering rind thickness. Values of these indices obtained from study sites exposed to subaerial weathering for more than ca. 80 years are significantly different than those from younger moraines closer to the glacier snout. Despite a wide scatter of readings within each study site, there is a significant correlation between the ages and the values of the indices. It is concluded that the micro−roughness parameters provided by the Handysurf E35−B profilometer, Schmidt hammer R−values and weathering rind thickness are robust indices of rock surface deterioration rate in short time−scales. There is mounting evidence that rock surface undergoes relatively rapid weathering during first decades since deglaciation.
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Roerdink, Desiree L., Yuval Ronen, Harald Strauss, and Paul R. D. Mason. "Emergence of felsic crust and subaerial weathering recorded in Palaeoarchaean barite." Nature Geoscience 15, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00902-9.

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Alfimova, Nadezhda A., Alexey A. Novoselov, Vjacheslav A. Matrenichev, and Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho. "Conditions of subaerial weathering of basalts in the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic." Precambrian Research 241 (February 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.09.013.

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Mitchell, R. H. "Mineralogy of stalactites formed by subaerial weathering of natrocarbonatite hornitos at Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania." Mineralogical Magazine 70, no. 4 (August 2006): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461067040344.

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AbstractStalactites formed by the chemical weathering of natrocarbonatite lava decorate the roofs of hollow inactive hornitos at Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. The stalactites are composed principally of trona with lesser and very variable amounts of nahcolite, (NaHCO3), thermonatrite (Na2CO3.H2O), aphthitalite [(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2], kogarkoite [Na3(SO4)F], schairerite [Na21 (SO4)7F6Cl], halite and sylvite. Stalactites are considered to form by the evaporation of Ca-free highly alkaline brines seeping from the altered lavas which form the roofs of the hornitos. The principal subaerial weathering products of natrocarbonatite, i.e. pirsonnite, gaylussite, shortite and calcite are not found in the stalactites and are retained in the altered lavas of the homito roof. Fluorine required for the formation of kogarkoite and schairerite is derived from the decomposition of fluorite at high pH (>10). Sulphur is derived from the decomposition of gregoryite.
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Dąbski, Maciej. "Application of the Handysurf E-35B electronic profilometer for the study of weathering micro-relief in glacier forelands in SE Iceland." Acta Geologica Polonica 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agp-2015-0018.

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AbstractThis article presents the results of weathering micro-roughness measurements performed with the use of a Handy-surf E-35B electronic profilometer, a new tool in geomorphological studies. Measurements were performed on glacially abraded basaltic surfaces within the Little Ice Age (LIA) glacial forelands of Hoffelsjökull, Fláajökull, Skálafellsjökull and Virkisjökull in Iceland. Results show a statistical increase in micro-roughness in a direction from the glacial termini to LIA moraines. However, a major change in the micro-roughness of basaltic surfaces only occurs during the first 80 to 100 years since the onset of subaerial weathering. Increase in rock surface micro-roughness is accompanied by an increase in weathering rind thickness and a decrease in Schmidt hammer R-values. Micro-roughness measurements with the use of the Handysurf E-35B can provide insights into initial rates of rock surface micro-relief development. The use of this instrument as a relative dating technique is limited to fine-grained rocks and decadal time-scales of weathering because of the limited range of measureable micro-relief amplitude.
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Lowe, Donald R., Janice L. Bishop, Damien Loizeau, James J. Wray, and Ross A. Beyer. "Deposition of >3.7 Ga clay-rich strata of the Mawrth Vallis Group, Mars, in lacustrine, alluvial, and aeolian environments." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 1-2 (May 2, 2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35185.1.

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Abstract The presence of abundant phyllosilicate minerals in Noachian (>3.7 Ga) rocks on Mars has been taken as evidence that liquid water was stable at or near the surface early in martian history. This study investigates some of these clay-rich strata exposed in crater rim and inverted terrain settings in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars. In Muara crater the 200-m-thick, clay-rich Mawrth Vallis Group (MVG) is subdivided into five informal units numbered 1 (base) to 5 (top). Unit 1 consists of interbedded sedimentary and volcanic or volcaniclastic units showing weak Fe/Mg-smectite alteration deposited in a range of subaerial depositional settings. Above a major unconformity eroded on Unit 1, the dark-toned sediments of Unit 2 and lower Unit 3 are inferred to represent mainly wind-blown sand. These are widely interlayered with and draped by thin layers of light-toned sediment representing fine suspended-load aeolian silt and clay. These sediments show extensive Fe/Mg-smectite alteration, probably reflecting subaerial weathering. Upper Unit 3 and units 4 and 5 are composed of well-layered, fine-grained sediment dominated by Al-phyllosilicates, kaolinite, and hydrated silica. Deposition occurred in a large lake or arm of a martian sea. In the inverted terrain 100 km to the NE, Unit 4 shows very young slope failures suggesting that the clay-rich sediments today retain a significant component of water ice. The MVG provides evidence for the presence of large, persistent standing bodies of water on early Mars as well as a complex association of flanking shoreline, alluvial, and aeolian systems. Some of the clays, especially the Fe/Mg smectites in upper units 1 and 2 appear to have formed through subaerial weathering whereas the aluminosilicates, kaolinite, and hydrated silica of units 3, 4, and 5 formed mainly through alteration of fine sediment in subaqueous environments.
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Viehmann, Sebastian. "Hf-Nd Isotopes in Archean Marine Chemical Sediments: Implications for the Geodynamical History of Early Earth and Its Impact on Earliest Marine Habitats." Geosciences 8, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8070263.

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The Hf-Nd isotope systems are coupled in magmatic systems, but incongruent Hf weathering (‘zircon effect’) of the continental crust leads to a decoupling of the Hf-Nd isotope systems in low-temperature environments during weathering and erosion processes. The Hf-Nd isotope record was recently dated back from the Cenozoic oceans until the Archean, showing that both isotope systems were already decoupled in seawater 2.7 Ga ago and potentially 3.4 Ga and 3.7 Ga ago. While there might have existed a hydrothermal pathway for Hf into Archean seawater, incongruent Hf weathering of more evolved, zircon-bearing uppermost continental crust that was emerged and available for subaerial weathering accounts for a significant decoupling of Hf-Nd isotopes in the dissolved (<0.2 µm) and suspended (>0.2 µm) fractions of Early Earth’s seawater. These findings contradict the consensus that uppermost Archean continental crust was (ultra)mafic in composition and predominantly submerged. Hence, Hf-Nd isotopes in Archean marine chemical sediments provide the unique potential for future research to trace the emergence of evolved continental crust, which in turn has major implications for the geodynamical evolution of Early Earth and the nutrient flux into the earliest marine habitats on Earth.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subaerial weathering"

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Junod, Christine A. "Subaerial bone weathering and other taphonomic changes in a temperate climate." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12129.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University
Determining the postmortem interval in forensic cases becomes problematic at advanced stages when the decomposition of soft tissue ceases (generally less than six months) and radiocarbon dating cannot be applied (prior to AD 1950). Further research into bone weathering rates and patterns can aid in filling this large postmortem interval gap. Similar to soft tissue decomposition studies, the rate at which osseous weathering occurs needs to be studied regionally due to the significant effects of temperature fluctuations, sun exposure, and precipitation. This study investigates bone weathering rates and other taphonomic changes in New England. Other taphonomic changes that were investigated include carnivore scavenging patterns and tooth marks, rodent gnawing, and sources of color staining. The first part of this research was carried out in the White Mountain National Forest, NH on a sample of whole-carcass moose (Alces alces) deposited throughout the year due to vehicle collisions. Observations were made monthly and took place from December 2011 through October 2012. The second part of this research was conducted at the Boston University Outdoor Research Facility (ORF) in Holliston, MA on a sample of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) long bones that were placed in three different microhabitats (grassland, wetland margin, and forest). Field observations took place from February 2012 through February 2013. The hypotheses being tested were that the rate of weathering is dependent on seasonality and that it will vary among different regions and between various microhabitats. In both the White Mountain National Forest, NH and Holliston ORF, weathering stage 1 was first observed five months after deposition. Advancement in weathering was greatest during the Fall and Spring months when temperature fluctuations above and below freezing occurred most frequently. At this time, the results from Holliston ORF indicate that microhabitat is not a statistically significant factor of osseous weathering when examined 50 weeks after deposition ( p=0.53). However, longer term data collection is needed in order to gather more meaningful information. Due to the short nature of this study in relation to weathering, this research will serve as a preliminary investigation and is intended to be carried out through the coming years.
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Dickie, Jennifer M. "Mineralogical and Geochemical Indicators of Subaerial Weathering in the Pozzolane Rosse Ignimbrite (Alban Hills Volcanic District, Italy)." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/23.

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The Pozzolane Rosse ignimbrite [PR] (457±4 ka) in the Alban Hills Volcanic District, Rome, Italy was exposed ~ 40 ka prior to a subsequent volcanic event which coverd it entirely. XRF, XRD, and clay separation results from PR samples from INGV and CA1 boreholes and Castel di Leva quarry show evidence of paleopedogenesis. All locations display loss of base cations, loss of K is consistent with XRD datat showing dissolution or alteration of leucite to analcime. Accumulation of Al and high L.O.I. support XRD evidence of 1:1 clay species at upper depth. Data suggest alteration extent can be determined by geochemistry. Hydrothermal alteration is assessed from geochemistry showing significant leaching of major and trace elements, primary mineralogy loss and iron sulfide and sulfate mineral development. Deep samples of PR may show groundwater influenced alteration with the presence of expandable 2:1 clays, zeolites, and possible mixing with the underlying Vallerano Lava.
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Book chapters on the topic "Subaerial weathering"

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Pokines, James T., and Christine Spiegel. "Subaerial Weathering and Other Terrestrial Surface Taphonomic Processes." In Manual of Forensic Taphonomy, 403–42. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003171492-11.

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"Subaerial Weathering." In Manual of Forensic Taphonomy, 302–29. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15424-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Subaerial weathering"

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Narduzzi, Francesco, Delphine Bosch, and Pascal Philippot. "The impact of subaerial LIPs weathering and landmass emergence on the seawater Nd isotopic composition at the onset of the GOE." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.4987.

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