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Journal articles on the topic 'Sub-THz'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Scalari, G., C. Walther, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and J. Faist. "THz and sub-THz quantum cascade lasers." Laser & Photonics Review 3, no. 1-2 (February 24, 2009): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.200810030.

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2

Kumar, Nitin, Udaybir Singh, Anirban Bera, and A. K. Sinha. "A review on the sub-THz/THz gyrotrons." Infrared Physics & Technology 76 (May 2016): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2016.01.015.

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3

Ma, He, Yu Wang, Rong Lu, Fangrui Tan, Yulan Fu, Guang Wang, Dayong Wang, et al. "A flexible, multifunctional, active terahertz modulator with an ultra-low triggering threshold." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 30 (2020): 10213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02446e.

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Flexible, multifunctional, active THz modulators with ultra-low triggering threshold were developed by aligned carbon nanotube thin films coated with VO₂. These active THz modulators find applications in THz communication and THz imaging.

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4

Saha, Bishwadeep, Sebastien Fregonese, Anjan Chakravorty, Soumya Ranjan Panda, and Thomas Zimmer. "Sub-THz and THz SiGe HBT Electrical Compact Modeling." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121397.

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From the perspectives of characterized data, calibrated TCAD simulations and compact modeling, we present a deeper investigation of the very high frequency behavior of state-of-the-art sub-THz silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) fabricated with 55-nm BiCMOS process technology from STMicroelectronics. The TCAD simulation platform is appropriately calibrated with the measurements in order to aid the extraction of a few selected high-frequency (HF) parameters of the state-of-the-art compact model HICUM, which are otherwise difficult to extract from traditionally prepared test-structures. Physics-based strategies of extracting the HF parameters are elaborately presented followed by a sensitivity study to see the effects of the variations of HF parameters on certain frequency-dependent characteristics until 500 GHz. Finally, the deployed HICUM model is evaluated against the measured s-parameters of the investigated SiGe HBT until 500 GHz.

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5

Sizov, Fiodor F., Vladimir P. Reva, Alexandr G. Golenkov, and Vyacheslav V. Zabudsky. "Uncooled Detectors Challenges for THz/sub-THz Arrays Imaging." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 32, no. 10 (April 13, 2011): 1192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-011-9789-2.

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6

Sakhno, M., F. Sizov, and A. Golenkov. "Uncooled THz/sub-THz Rectifying Detectors: FET vs. SBD." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 34, no. 12 (September 8, 2013): 798–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-013-0023-2.

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7

Formisano, F., R. M. Dubrovin, R. V. Pisarev, A. M. Kalashnikova, and A. V. Kimel. "Laser-induced THz magnetism of antiferromagnetic CoF₂." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 22 (March 30, 2022): 225801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac5c20.

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Abstract Excitation, detection, and control of coherent THz magnetic excitation in antiferromagnets are challenging problems that can be addressed using ever shorter laser pulses. We study experimentally excitation of magnetic dynamics at THz frequencies in an antiferromagnetic insulator CoF2 by sub-10 fs laser pulses. Time-resolved pump-probe polarimetric measurements at different temperatures and probe polarizations reveal laser-induced transient circular birefringence oscillating at the frequency of 7.45 THz and present below the Néel temperature. The THz oscillations of circular birefringence are ascribed to oscillations of the magnetic moments of Co2+ ions induced by the laser-driven coherent E g phonon mode via the THz analogue of the transverse piezomagnetic effect. It is also shown that the same pulse launches coherent oscillations of the magnetic linear birefringence at the frequency of 3.4 THz corresponding to the two-magnon mode. Analysis of the probe polarization dependence of the transient magnetic linear birefringence at the frequency of the two-magnon mode enables identifying its symmetry.

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8

Ioppolo, S., B. A. McGuire, M. A. Allodi, and G. A. Blake. "THz and mid-IR spectroscopy of interstellar ice analogs: methyl and carboxylic acid groups." Faraday Discuss. 168 (2014): 461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3fd00154g.

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A fundamental problem in astrochemistry concerns the synthesis and survival of complex organic molecules (COMs) throughout the process of star and planet formation. While it is generally accepted that most complex molecules and prebiotic species form in the solid phase on icy grain particles, a complete understanding of the formation pathways is still largely lacking. To take full advantage of the enormous number of available THz observations (e.g.,Herschel Space Observatory, SOFIA, and ALMA), laboratory analogs must be studied systematically. Here, we present the THz (0.3–7.5 THz; 10–250 cm⁻¹) and mid–IR (400–4000 cm⁻¹) spectra of astrophysically-relevant species that share the same functional groups, including formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH), and acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) and acetone ((CH₃)₂CO), compared to more abundant interstellar molecules such as water (H₂O), methanol (CH₃OH), and carbon monoxide (CO). A suite of pure and mixed binary ices are discussed. The effects on the spectra due to the composition and the structure of the ice at different temperatures are shown. Our results demonstrate that THz spectra are sensitive to reversible and irreversible transformations within the ice caused by thermal processing, suggesting that THz spectra can be used to study the composition, structure, and thermal history of interstellar ices. Moreover, the THz spectrum of an individual species depends on the functional group(s) within that molecule. Thus, future THz studies of different functional groups will help in characterizing the chemistry and physics of the interstellar medium (ISM).

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9

Cabbia, Marco, Chandan Yadav, Marina Deng, Sebastien Fregonese, Magali De Matos, and Thomas Zimmer. "Silicon Test Structures Design for Sub-THz and THz Measurements." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 67, no. 12 (December 2020): 5639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2020.3031575.

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10

Lysiuk, I. O., A. G. Golenkov, S. E. Dukhnin, V. P. Reva, A. V. Shevchik-Shekera, and F. F. Sizov. "SUB-THz/THz RADIATION DETECTOR DEVICE BASED ON Si-MOSFET." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 14, no. 3 (October 4, 2017): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2017.3.109330.

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11

Gente, Ralf, and Martin Koch. "Monitoring leaf water content with THz and sub-THz waves." Plant Methods 11, no. 1 (2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-015-0057-7.

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12

Volkov, O. Y., I. N. Duzhikov, R. A. Khabibullin, A. N. Baranov, and Y. Y. Divin. "Subterahertz difference-frequency generation in terahertz quantum cascade lasers." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 26 (December 26, 2022): 263504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135562.

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We have detected subterahertz spectral lines in the emission of free-running GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating around 3 THz. We have found that the power W( fd) of an individual sub-THz line at the frequency fd is directly proportional to a power product W( fi) × W( fk) of the corresponding pair of THz lines having the frequency difference fi − fk = fd. The established one-to-one correspondence of each sub-THz line to pair combinations of THz lines proves the nonlinear mechanism of difference-frequency generation (DFG) in the QCL active region. The conversion efficiencies W( fi − fk)/[ W( fi) × W( fk)] estimated from the experimental data are about 4 × 10−3 and 5 × 10−5 W−1 for the sub-THz lines found at 132 and 310 GHz, correspondingly. Considering nonlinear polarization of QCL active regions as the reason for DFG, we have evaluated the following values of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(2)(132 GHz) ≅ 7 × 105 pm/V and χ(2)(310 GHz) ≅ 4 × 104 pm/V from the experimental data. The obtained results pave the way for the use of THz QCLs as sources of sub-THz radiation.

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13

Ju, Hai Lang, Xiong Li, Bao He Li, and Bi Hun Hou. "Absorption Peaks Study of β-Zn₃BPO₇ Crystal in THz Band." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.12.

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Using electro-optic sampling technique and THz time-domain spectroscopy-transmission equipment, the reference THz wave and the sample THz wave has been measured from 0.3 THz to 3.0 THz and the absorption index has been obtained. Absorption peaks of β-Zn3BPO7crystal sample were found in four points. The important condition of direct interaction between lattice and light is that they must have the same frequency and wave vector, also lattice vibration mode should be transverse because the light is electromagnetic wave. The absorption peaks are found multiple of the optical phonon basically after calculation. The sample shows great resonance absorption.

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14

Hario P, Fakhriy, Adhi Susanto, I. Wayan Mustika, Sevia M Idrus, and Sholeh Hadi P. "Dithering Analysis in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Radio over Fiber Link." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i3.9684.

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Nonlinearity is one major problem broadband communication faced on utilizing the high capacity of optical fibers. That is due to scattering phenomenon, which results in the deviations of wavelengths and energies. The dithering method is applied in the attempt to reduce those scatterings. In this paper, we propose the performance of a dithering technique based new system OFDM-RoF using two modulator scheme and coherent detection to alleviate the characteristics nonlinearity applied on the system. The dithering technique inputs signal externally to the signal processing systems to eliminate the effects of nonlinearity. Here, we report the performance of a dithering technique based on the OFDM-RoF, the results our experiment showed that the applied dithering with 16 QAM modulation can make the system more reliable and increases the power level 1.55% with 193.1 THz, 2% with 100 THz and 1.99% ~ 200 THz, the best condition are with f<sub>d</sub> < f<sub>c</sub>. However, all condition close proximity in the parameters OLP (optical launch power), BER and SER measurement. The result demonstrated a high efficiency and good power in which the OLP operated 6.396 dBm / 4.361 E-3 W~fd 200 THz, 3.578 dBm / 2.279 E-3 W~fd 193.1 THz and 6.420 dBm / 4.3384 E-3 W~100 THz. The best BER value is achieved at 0.33 and SER 0.78 at 5 km~f<sub>d</sub> 100 THz, 0.33 and 0.768 for 10 km~fd 193.1 THz, 0.478 and 0.92 for 50 km~fd 193.1 THz.

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15

Hario P, Fakhriy, Adhi Susanto, I. Wayan Mustika, Sevia M Idrus, and Sholeh Hadi P. "Dithering Analysis in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Radio over Fiber Link." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i3.pp1112-1121.

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Nonlinearity is one major problem broadband communication faced on utilizing the high capacity of optical fibers. That is due to scattering phenomenon, which results in the deviations of wavelengths and energies. The dithering method is applied in the attempt to reduce those scatterings. In this paper, we propose the performance of a dithering technique based new system OFDM-RoF using two modulator scheme and coherent detection to alleviate the characteristics nonlinearity applied on the system. The dithering technique inputs signal externally to the signal processing systems to eliminate the effects of nonlinearity. Here, we report the performance of a dithering technique based on the OFDM-RoF, the results our experiment showed that the applied dithering with 16 QAM modulation can make the system more reliable and increases the power level 1.55% with 193.1 THz, 2% with 100 THz and 1.99% ~ 200 THz, the best condition are with f<sub>d</sub> < f<sub>c</sub>. However, all condition close proximity in the parameters OLP (optical launch power), BER and SER measurement. The result demonstrated a high efficiency and good power in which the OLP operated 6.396 dBm / 4.361 E-3 W~fd 200 THz, 3.578 dBm / 2.279 E-3 W~fd 193.1 THz and 6.420 dBm / 4.3384 E-3 W~100 THz. The best BER value is achieved at 0.33 and SER 0.78 at 5 km~f<sub>d</sub> 100 THz, 0.33 and 0.768 for 10 km~fd 193.1 THz, 0.478 and 0.92 for 50 km~fd 193.1 THz.

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16

Sakhno, M. V. "Simulated properties of printed antennas on silicon substrates for THz/sub-THz arrays." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo14.01.055.

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17

Gazaliev, A. Sh, M. V. Moskotin, V. V. Belosevich, M. G. Rybin, I. A. Gayduchenko, and G. N. Goltsman. "Graphene two terminal detector as THz mixer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012054.

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Abstract The growing requirements for mobile communication networks (data transfer rates over 100 Gbps) makes it necessary to use carrier signal with a frequency of at least 100 GHz. This requires the development of cheap and broadband sub-terahertz (sub-THz) detectors. Here we report on our recent efforts toward the development of a heterodyne sub-THz detector based on a single layer graphene two-terminal device integrated with a bowtie antenna on a sapphire substrate. Our detector operates at frequency of 140 GHz, which corresponds to the maximum transmission of THz radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere. The heterodyne detection is achieved by quasi-optical coupling of signals from two sub-THz radiation sources to the same detector. The measured frequency bandwidth is 5.8 GHz.

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18

Ermolov, Vladimir, Antti Lamminen, Jaakko Saarilahti, Ben Wälchli, Mikko Kantanen, and Pekka Pursula. "Micromachining integration platform for sub-terahertz and terahertz systems." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 5-6 (April 10, 2018): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871800048x.

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AbstractWe demonstrate a sub-terahertz (THz) and THz integration platform based on micromachined waveguides on silicon. The demonstrated components in the frequency range 225–325 GHz include waveguides, filters, waveguide vias, and low-loss transitions between the waveguide and the monolithic integrated circuits. The developed process relies on microelectromechanical systems manufacturing methods and silicon wafer substrates, promising a scalable and cost-efficient system integration method for future sub-THz and THz communication and sensing applications. Low-temperature Au/In thermo-compression and Au–Au laser bonding processes are parts of the integration platform enabling integration of millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits.

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19

Yin, H., L. Zhang, Y. Yin, J. Zhao, G. Shu, W. He, A. W. Cross, and A. D. R. Phelps. "Pseudospark excited sub-THz frequency sources." EPJ Web of Conferences 149 (2017): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714905015.

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20

Dadrasnia, Ehsan, Sujitha Puthukodan, Vinod V. K. Thalakkatukalathil, Horacio Lamela, Guillaume Ducournau, Jean-Francois Lampin, Frédéric Garet, and Jean-Louis Coutaz. "Sub-THz Characterisation of Monolayer Graphene." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/601059.

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We explore the optical and electrical characteristics of monolayer graphene by using pulsed optoelectronic terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range of 325–500 GHz based on fast direct measurements of phase and amplitude. We also show that these parameters can, however, be measured with higher resolution using a free space continuous wave measurement technique associated with a vector network analyzer that offers a good dynamic range. All the scattering parameters (both magnitude and phase) are measured simultaneously. The Nicholson-Ross-Weir method is implemented to extract the monolayer graphene parameters at the aforementioned frequency range.

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21

Yoshioka, Katsumasa, Ikufumi Katayama, Yusuke Arashida, Atsuhiko Ban, Yoichi Kawada, Hironori Takahashi, and Jun Takeda. "Sub-cycle Manipulation of Electrons in a Tunnel Junction with Phase-controlled Single-cycle THz Near-fields." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 08007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920508007.

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By utilizing terahertz scanning tunneling microscopy (THz-STM) with a carrier envelope phase shifter for broadband THz pulses, we could successfully control the near-field-mediated electron dynamics in a tunnel junction with sub-cycle precision. Measurements of the phase-resolved sub-cycle electron tunneling dynamics revealed an unexpected large carrier-envelope phase shift between far-field and near-field single-cycle THz waveforms.

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22

Kontar, E. P., G. G. Motorina, N. L. S. Jeffrey, Y. T. Tsap, G. D. Fleishman, and A. V. Stepanov. "Frequency rising sub-THz emission from solar flare ribbons." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (December 2018): A95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834124.

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Observations of solar flares at sub-THz frequencies (millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths) over the last two decades often show a spectral component rising with frequency. Unlike a typical gyrosynchrotron spectrum decreasing with frequency or a weak thermal component from hot coronal plasma, the observations can demonstrate a high flux level (up to ∼104 solar flux units at 0.4 THz) and fast variability on sub-second timescales. Although, many models have been put forward to explain the puzzling observations, none of them has clear observational support. Here we propose a scenario to explain the intriguing sub-THz observations. We show that the model, based on free-free emission from the plasma of flare ribbons at temperatures 104 − 106 K, is consistent with all existing observations of frequency-rising sub-THz flare emission. The model provides a temperature diagnostic of the flaring chromosphere and suggests fast heating and cooling of the dense transition region plasma.

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23

Blanchard, F., J. E. Nkeck, L. Guiramand, S. Zibod, K. Dolgaleva, T. Arikawa, and K. Tanaka. "Two-dimensional space–time terahertz memory in bulk SrTiO₃." Optica 9, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.463730.

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Polarizable materials with ultrafast responses are of great interest for the development of new sensors and memories under the influence of an electromagnetic field. Recent research efforts have demonstrated the role of optical excitation and intense terahertz (THz) pulses in inducing an ultrafast polar order and revealing a hidden phase transition in S r T i O 3 (STO), respectively. Here we show that the surfaces of STO crystals at room temperature act as ultrafast sensors that enable sub-picosecond switching through the Kerr effect and recording of polar THz intensity with spatial resolution below the diffraction limit through THz-field-induced dipole alignment followed by multi-picosecond relaxation time recovery. The contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution achieved by the STO sensor are significantly superior to those of present-day near-field THz sensors based on the linear Pockels effect, and more importantly, its ability to remain polarized for several picoseconds opens the door to a new strategy for building an ultrafast space–time THz memory.

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24

Dang-ba, Hanh, and Gyung-su Byun. "A Sub-THz Wireless Power Transfer for Non-Contact Wafer-Level Testing." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081210.

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In this paper, a sub-THz wireless power transfer (WPT) interface for non-contact wafer-level testing is proposed. The on-chip sub-THz couplers, which have been designed and analyzed with 3-D EM simulations, could be integrated into the WPT to transfer power through an air media. By using the sub-THz coils, the WPT occupies an extremely small chip size, which is suitable for future wafer-testing applications. In the best power transfer efficiency (PTE) condition of the WPT, the maximum power delivery is limited to 2.5 mW per channel. However, multi-channel sub-THz WPT could be a good solution to provide enough power for testing purposes while remaining high PTE. Simulated on a standard 28-nm CMOS technology, the proposed eight-channel WPT could provide 20 mW power with the PTE of 16%. The layouts of the eight-channel WPT transmitter and receiver occupy only 0.12 mm2, 0.098 mm2, respectively.

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25

Calvo-Gallego, Jaime, Juan A. Delgado-Notario, Jesús E. Velázquez-Pérez, Miguel Ferrando-Bataller, Kristel Fobelets, Abdelaziz El Moussaouy, and Yahya M. Meziani. "Numerical Study of the Coupling of Sub-Terahertz Radiation to n-Channel Strained-Silicon MODFETs." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030688.

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This paper reports on a study of the response of a T-gate strained-Si MODFETs (modulation-doped field-effect transistor) under continuous-wave sub-THz excitation. The sub-THz response was measured using a two-tones solid-state source at 0.15 and 0.30 THz. The device response in the photovoltaic mode was non-resonant, in agreement with the Dyakonov and Shur model for plasma waves detectors. The maximum of the photoresponse was clearly higher under THz illumination at 0.15 THz than at 0.3 THz. A numerical study was conducted using three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic simulations to delve into the coupling of THz radiation to the channel of the transistor. 3D simulations solving the Maxwell equations using a time-domain solver were performed. Simulations considering the full transistor structure, but without taking into account the bonding wires used to contact the transistor pads in experiments, showed an irrelevant role of the gate length in the coupling of the radiation to the device channel. Simulations, in contradiction with measurements, pointed to a better response at 0.3 THz than under 0.15 THz excitation in terms of the normalized electric field inside the channel. When including four 0.25 mm long bonding wires connected to the contact pads on the transistor, the normalized internal electric field induced along the transistor channel by the 0.15 THz beam was increased in 25 dB, revealing, therefore, the important role played by the bonding wires at this frequency. As a result, the more intense response of the transistor at 0.15 THz than at 0.3 THz experimentally found, must be attributed to the bonding wires.

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26

Kang, Ji-Hun, Dai-Sik Kim, and Minah Seo. "Terahertz wave interaction with metallic nanostructures." Nanophotonics 7, no. 5 (May 24, 2018): 763–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0093.

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AbstractUnderstanding light interaction with metallic structures provides opportunities of manipulation of light, and is at the core of various research areas including terahertz (THz) optics from which diverse applications are now emerging. For instance, THz waves take full advantage of the interaction to have strong field enhancement that compensates their relatively low photon energy. As the THz field enhancement have boosted THz nonlinear studies and relevant applications, further understanding of light interaction with metallic structures is essential for advanced manipulation of light that will bring about subsequent development of THz optics. In this review, we discuss THz wave interaction with deep sub-wavelength nano structures. With focusing on the THz field enhancement by nano structures, we review fundamentals of giant field enhancement that emerges from non-resonant and resonant interactions of THz waves with nano structures in both sub- and super- skin-depth thicknesses. From that, we introduce surprisingly simple description of the field enhancement valid over many orders of magnitudes of conductivity of metal as well as many orders of magnitudes of the metal thickness. We also discuss THz interaction with structures in angstrom scale, by reviewing plasmonic quantum effect and electron tunneling with consequent nonlinear behaviors. Finally, as applications of THz interaction with nano structures, we introduce new types of THz molecule sensors, exhibiting ultrasensitive and highly selective functionalities.

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27

Ropagnol, X., E. lsgandarov, X. Chai, S. M. Raeis-Zadeh, S. Safavi-Naeini, M. Reid, F. Blanchard, and T. Ozaki. "Generation of intense sub-cycle terahertz pulses with variable elliptical polarization." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 17 (April 25, 2022): 171106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086309.

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We demonstrate the generation of intense, sub-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses with variable elliptical polarization and peak fields above 80 kV/cm from large aperture photoconductive antennas using a specific interdigitated structure. The latter is composed of horizontal and vertical electrodes, which allow the generation of two quasi-half-cycle THz pulses with orthogonal polarization. A time delay between the two THz pulses is introduced by a phase delay mask covering only the parts of the antenna with horizontal electrodes. By changing the mask thicknesses, we can control, on demand, the polarization state of the THz pulses from linear polarization through elliptical to circular polarization over a quarter of a THz cycle.

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28

Mahé, Jérôme, Daniël J. Bakker, Sander Jaeqx, Anouk M. Rijs, and Marie-Pierre Gaigeot. "Mapping gas phase dipeptide motions in the far-infrared and terahertz domain." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 21 (2017): 13778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00369b.

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Vibrational signatures of Ac-Phe-AA-NH₂ dipeptides are recorded and analysed in the far IR/THz spectral domain (100–800 cm⁻¹, 3–24 THz), with the ‘AA’ amino acid chosen within the series ‘AA’ = Gly, Ala, Pro, Cys, Ser, Val. Phe stands for phenylalanine.

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29

Kumar, Kunal, Olaf Stefanczyk, Koji Nakabayashi, Yuuki Mineo, and Shin-ichi Ohkoshi. "Development of Nd (III)-Based Terahertz Absorbers Revealing Temperature Dependent Near-Infrared Luminescence." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 6051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116051.

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Molecular vibrations in the solid-state, detectable in the terahertz (THz) region, are the subject of research to further develop THz technologies. To observe such vibrations in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and low-frequency (LF) Raman spectroscopy, two supramolecular assemblies with the formula [NdIII (phen)3 (NCX)3] 0.3EtOH (X = S, 1-S; Se, 1-Se) were designed and prepared. Both compounds show several THz-TDS and LF-Raman peaks in the sub-THz range, with the lowest frequencies of 0.65 and 0.59 THz for 1-S and 1-Se, and 0.75 and 0.61 THz for 1-S and 1-Se, respectively. The peak redshift was observed due to the substitution of SCN− by SeCN−. Additionally, temperature-dependent TDS-THz studies showed a thermal blueshift phenomenon, as the peak position shifted to 0.68 THz for 1-S and 0.62 THz for 1-Se at 10 K. Based on ab initio calculations, sub-THz vibrations were ascribed to the swaying of the three thiocyanate/selenocyanate. Moreover, both samples exhibited near-infrared (NIR) emission from Nd (III), and very good thermometric properties in the 300–150 K range, comparable to neodymium (III) oxide-based thermometers and higher than previously reported complexes. Moreover, the temperature dependence of fluorescence and THz spectroscopy analysis showed that the reduction in anharmonic thermal vibrations leads to a significant increase in the intensity and a reduction in the width of the emission and LF absorption peaks. These studies provide the basis for developing new routes to adjust the LF vibrational absorption.

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30

Delgado-Notario, Juan A., Jaime Calvo-Gallego, Jesús E. Velázquez-Pérez, Miguel Ferrando-Bataller, Kristel Fobelets, and Yahya M. Meziani. "Effect of the Front and Back Illumination on Sub-Terahertz Detection Using n-Channel Strained-Silicon MODFETs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 5959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175959.

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Plasma waves in semiconductor gated 2-D systems can be used to efficiently detect Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation. This work reports on the response of a strained-Si Modulation-doped Field-Effect Transistor (MODFET) under front and back sub-THz illumination. The response of the MODFET has been characterized using a two-tones solid-state continuous wave source at 0.15 and 0.30 THz. The DC drain-to-source voltage of 500-nm gate length transistors transducing the sub-THz radiation (photovoltaic mode) exhibited a non-resonant response in agreement with literature results. Two configurations of the illumination were investigated: (i) front side illumination in which the transistor was shined on its top side, and (ii) back illumination side where the device received the sub-THz radiation on its bottom side, i.e., on the Si substrate. Under excitation at 0.15 THz clear evidence of the coupling of terahertz radiation by the bonding wires was found, this coupling leads to a stronger response under front illumination than under back illumination. When the radiation is shifted to 0.3 THz, as a result of a lesser efficient coupling of the EM radiation through the bonding wires, the response under front illumination was considerably weakened while it was strengthened under back illumination. Electromagnetic simulations explained this behavior as the magnitude of the induced electric field in the channel of the MODFET was considerably stronger under back illumination.

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31

Yu, Bo, Xuan Ding, Hai Yu, Yu Ye, Xiaoguang Liu, and Qun Jane Gu. "Ring-Resonator-Based Sub-THz Dielectric Sensor." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 28, no. 11 (November 2018): 969–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2018.2867092.

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32

Kaufmann, Pierre, C. Guillermo Giménez de Castro, Emilia Correia, Joaquim E. R. Costa, Jean-Pierre Raulin, and Adriana Silva Válio. "RAPID PULSATIONS IN SUB-THz SOLAR BURSTS." Astrophysical Journal 697, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/697/1/420.

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33

Fleishman, Gregory D., and Eduard P. Kontar. "SUB-THz RADIATION MECHANISMS IN SOLAR FLARES." Astrophysical Journal 709, no. 2 (January 12, 2010): L127—L132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/l127.

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34

Dumbrajs, O., and G. S. Nusinovich. "On optimization of sub-THz gyrotron parameters." Physics of Plasmas 19, no. 10 (October 2012): 103112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764073.

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35

Delgado-Notario, Juan A., Elham Javadi, Jaime Calvo-Gallego, Enrique Diez, Yahya M. Meziani, Jesús E. Velázquez-Pérez, and Kristel Fobelets. "Sub-THz Response of Strained-Silicon MODFETs." physica status solidi (a) 215, no. 4 (October 25, 2017): 1700475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201700475.

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36

Trofimov, Vyacheslav A., and Svetlana A. Varentsova. "A Possible Way for the Detection and Identification of Dangerous Substances in Ternary Mixtures Using THz Pulsed Spectroscopy." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102365.

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We discuss an effective tool for the detection and identification of substances in ternary mixtures with similar spectral properties using a broadband reflected THz signal. Nowadays, this is an urgent problem; its effective solution is still far off. Two ternary mixtures of the explosives (RDX+TNT+HMX and RDX+TNT+PETN) were used as the examples for demonstration of the efficiency of the method proposed. The identification is based on the pulsed THz spectroscopy. We follow the spectral intensities together with the use of integral correlation criteria. They use the spectral line dynamics of the THz pulse reflected from the substance under investigation and that of the standard THz signal from database. In order to increase the accuracy and reliability of the identification, we analyze the partial non-overlapping time intervals, containing the main pulse of the reflected THz signal and the sequential sub-pulses. The main pulse is shown to contain information about high absorption frequencies (ν > 2.6 THz) of the mixture components. In the sub-pulses, the absorption frequencies of the components are detected in the range of low (ν < 2.6 THz) and high (ν > 2.6 THz) frequencies. The opportunity of distinguishing the mixtures with similar spectral properties is also shown.

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37

Yang, X., L. H. Yu, V. Smaluk, T. Shaftan, L. Doom, B. Kosciuk, W. X. Cheng, et al. "Interferometric bunch length measurements of 3 MeV picocoulomb electron beams." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 8 (February 28, 2022): 084901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0076593.

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We report picosecond bunch length measurements using an interferometric method for a 3 MeV electron beam having bunch charge ranging from 1 to 14 pC. The method senses the single-cycle sub-terahertz (THz) pulse emitted by each electron bunch as coherent transition radiation which, in turn, is analyzed using a Michelson-type interferometer, forming an interferogram that is then processed to yield the nominal electron bunch length. This sub-THz coherent radiation intensity was measured using a quasi-optical detector (QOD) operated at room temperature. This experiment was quite challenging since the divergence angle of the sub-THz pulse emitted by the low-energy electron bunch exceeds ±10°, and its pulse energy at the entrance to the detector was as low as 100 pJ. When compared to a conventional helium-cooled silicon composite bolometer designed for frequencies above 0.5 THz, the QOD provided much better signal-to-noise ratio in the ∼80 GHz frequency range, which was critical for the successful measurement of the bunch length.

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38

Sun, Qihao, Wenhui Yang, Yuanbo Cheng, Jiangpeng Dong, Mengqin Zhu, BinBin Zhang, Alain Dubois, Menghua Zhu, Wanqi Jie, and Yadong Xu. "Anisotropic dielectric behavior of layered perovskite-like Cs3Bi2I9 crystals in the terahertz region." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 42 (2020): 24555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp04485g.

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Chen, Shuqing, Zhiqiang Xie, Junmin Liu, Yanliang He, Yao Cai, Xiaoke Zhang, Jiangnan Xiao, Ying Li, and Dianyuan Fan. "Effective Generation of Milliwatt-Level Sub-Terahertz Wave for Nonlinear Response Measurement of Two-Dimensional Material by Optical Heterodyne Technique." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1704374.

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By using optical heterodyne technique, we demonstrated the stable emission of sub-terahertz wave with the frequency ranging from 88 GHz to 101 GHz, which can operate as microwave source for nonlinear response measurement system. Mutual frequency beating of two well-separated sideband signals at a 0.1 THz photo-detector (PD) allows for the generation of sub-terahertz signal. Based on this approach, we have achieved the radiation of 0.1 THz wave with power up to 4 mW. By transmittance measurement, two-dimensional nanomaterial topological insulator (TI: Bi2Te3) shows saturable absorption behaviors with normalized modulation depth of 47% at 0.1 THz. Our results show that optical heterodyne technique could be developed as an effective microwave source generation for nonlinear measurement at sub-terahertz, even terahertz band.

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40

Kovshov, Yurii S., Sergey S. Ponomarenko, Sergey A. Kishko, Eduard M. Khutoryan, and Alexei N. Kuleshov. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Sub-THz and THz CW Clinotron Oscillators." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 65, no. 6 (June 2018): 2177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2018.2792258.

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41

Liu, Pengxiang, Degang Xu, and Jianquan Yao. "Analysis on characteristic and application of THz frequency comb and THz sub-comb." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 276 (February 1, 2011): 012218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/276/1/012218.

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42

Leguy, Aurélien M. A., Alejandro R. Goñi, Jarvist M. Frost, Jonathan Skelton, Federico Brivio, Xabier Rodríguez-Martínez, Oliver J. Weber, et al. "Dynamic disorder, phonon lifetimes, and the assignment of modes to the vibrational spectra of methylammonium lead halide perovskites." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 39 (2016): 27051–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03474h.

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43

Sun, Shijia, Qi Wei, Yisheng Huang, Feifei Yuan, Fei Lou, Degao Zhong, Lizhen Zhang, Zhoubin Lin, and Bing Teng. "Enhanced growth of Nd3+:MgGdB5O10 laser crystals with intense multi-wavelength emission characteristics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 21 (2020): 7104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00709a.

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Higher quality Nd:GMB crystals were obtained using enhanced K₂Mo₃O₁₀–B₂O₃ flux. Intense multi-wavelength emissions reveal their potential in THz technology.

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44

Shabanpour, Javad. "Programmable anisotropic digital metasurface for independent manipulation of dual-polarized THz waves based on a voltage-controlled phase transition of VO2 microwires." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 21 (2020): 7189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00689k.

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45

Hu, Ming Zhe, Kai Jun Mu, Zhao Ding, and Gang Xiong. "Sintering Behavior and THz Absorption Properties of B₂O₃ Doped Ca[(Li_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.95Zr_0.15]O₃ Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.960.

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In the present paper, the sintering behavior and the THz absorption properties of B2O3doped Ca [(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]O3(CLNZ) ceramics are investigated. The results indicate that the sintering temperature of CLNZ ceramic can be significantly lowered by the doping of B2O3. The crystal structure evolution, phase assemblage as well as the microstructure properties are investigated by XRD and SEM respectively. The sintering mechanism is investigated based on microstructure analysis, where the liquid phase sintering is proposed to control the whole sintering process. The relative density of the B2O3doped CLNZ ceramics possess the optimum value when the B2O3doping content x is 1.5wt%. The THz absorption properties of B2O3doped CLNZ ceramics sintered at 1020°C are investigated and are related to the microstructure, phase assemblage and crystal structure factors.

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46

Golenkov, A. "Sub-THz nonresonant detection in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FETs." Semiconductor physics, quantum electronics and optoelectronics 18, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo18.01.040.

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47

Bai, Ke, Yangjiuzhou Gou, and Xiao-Yu Peng. "Terahertz beam array generated by focusing two-color-laser pulses into air with a microlens array." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 095113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098771.

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Terahertz (THz) radiation from a plasma filament array generated by focusing two-color laser pulses into the ambient air with a microlens array combining a lens is investigated. We observed a linear dependence of far-field collected THz radiation on the number of filaments and separated THz bunches that are less than 1 mm in diameter. These results indicate that the individual plasma filaments contribute incoherently to the entire THz output, which is demonstrated further with our simulation. Furthermore, the dependence of THz output on laser energy shows that the total energy of the THz beam array has not yet reached its saturation point under the conditions of current pump laser energy in our lab, indicating that it is still possible to further improve the THz output by further increasing the pump laser energy. This THz beam array may possibly be used in micro- or sub-millimeter multi-samples for THz imaging or as a stimuli array source for more scientific research in the future.

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48

Shur, Michael, Gregory Aizin, Taiichi Otsuji, and Victor Ryzhii. "Plasmonic Field-Effect Transistors (TeraFETs) for 6G Communications." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 7907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237907.

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Ever increasing demands of data traffic makes the transition to 6G communications in the 300 GHz band inevitable. Short-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) have demonstrated excellent potential for detection and generation of terahertz (THz) and sub-THz radiation. Such transistors (often referred to as TeraFETs) include short-channel silicon complementary metal oxide (CMOS). The ballistic and quasi-ballistic electron transport in the TeraFET channels determine the TeraFET response at the sub-THz and THz frequencies. TeraFET arrays could form plasmonic crystals with nanoscale unit cells smaller or comparable to the electron mean free path but with the overall dimensions comparable with the radiation wavelength. Such plasmonic crystals have a potential of supporting the transition to 6G communications. The oscillations of the electron density (plasma waves) in the FET channels determine the phase relations between the unit cells of a FET plasmonic crystal. Excited by the impinging radiation and rectified by the device nonlinearities, the plasma waves could detect both the radiation intensity and the phase enabling the line-of-sight terahertz (THz) detection, spectrometry, amplification, and generation for 6G communication.

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Vogt, Dominik Walter, Angus Harvey Jones, and Rainer Leonhardt. "Terahertz Gas-Phase Spectroscopy Using a Sub-Wavelength Thick Ultrahigh-Q Microresonator." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20103005.

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The terahertz spectrum provides tremendous opportunities for broadband gas-phase spectroscopy, as numerous molecules exhibit strong fundamental resonances in the THz frequency range. However, cutting-edge THz gas-phase spectrometer require cumbersome multi-pass gas cells to reach sufficient sensitivity for trace level gas detection. Here, we report on the first demonstration of a THz gas-phase spectrometer using a sub-wavelength thick ultrahigh-Q THz disc microresonator. Leveraging the microresonator’s ultrahigh quality factor in excess of 120,000 as well as the intrinsically large evanescent field, allows for the implementation of a very compact spectrometer without the need for complex multi-pass gas cells. Water vapour concentrations as low as 4 parts per million at atmospheric conditions have been readily detected in proof-of-concept experiments.

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50

Sebastiani, Federico, Ana Vila Verde, Matthias Heyden, Gerhard Schwaab, and Martina Havenith. "Cooperativity and ion pairing in magnesium sulfate aqueous solutions from the dilute regime to the solubility limit." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 21 (2020): 12140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06845g.

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