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Journal articles on the topic 'Sub-surface profile'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

KIM, DONG-YEOL, HAK-JOON KIM, SUNG-JIN SONG, and SUNG D. KWON. "EVALUATION OF SUB-SURFACE MATERIAL PROPERTIES USING MINIMUM REFLECTION PROFILES METHOD." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 11 (2008): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908015711.

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Backscattered Rayleigh waves from the surface and/or sub-surface of specimens can be changed by scatterers such as micro-cracks, grain boundaries and surface roughness as well as by variations in material properties. In fact, rough surface generates higher energy of backscattered Rayleigh wave than smooth one. So, it is strongly needed to have a quantitative method to evaluate the variation of material properties only. To address such a need, we propose a new method, named as "minimum reflection profile" which measures energy variation of reflected waves from the surface of specimens as changi

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2

Wahid, Nur Syahirah, Norihan Md Arifin, Mustafa Turkyilmazoglu, Mohd Ezad Hafidz Hafidzuddin, and Nor Aliza Abd Rahmin. "MHD Hybrid Cu-Al₂O₃/ Water Nanofluid Flow with Thermal Radiation and Partial Slip Past a Permeable Stretching Surface: Analytical Solution." Journal of Nano Research 64 (November 2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.64.75.

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The influence of velocity slip and thermal radiation effects on the magnetohydrodynamic hybrid Cu-Al2O3/water nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet is reported in this paper. The similarity transformation is adopted to reduce the partial differential equations to the ordinary differential equations. Exact analytical method is implemented to solve the problem. Maple program is used to facilitate the calculation process. The new additional effects which are the velocity slip and thermal radiation effects are considered towards the model to scrutinize the impacts. The effects of variou

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3

Invernizzi, Laurent, Nader Sadeghi, Florent P. Sainct, and Philippe Guillot. "Study of He + 0.2% O₂ plasma jet impinging on liquid surface from He(2³S₁) metastable atoms density measurements." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (2022): 035002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac4e21.

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Abstract This work presents spatial variations of the helium He(23S1) metastable atom absolute densities in a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure in He + 0.2% O2 gas mixture impinging on a liquid target. The plasma jet is ignited with 6 kV pulses of 2.5 μs duration and 8 ns rise and fall times at 20 kHz repetition rate. Streamers are created in both rising and falling fronts of the high voltage (HV). From Abel inversion of the line averaged absorbance of 1083 nm helium line, measured by laser absorption spectroscopy, the radial profiles of He(23S1) density along the plasma jet are deduced in tw

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4

Kang, W. T., M. N. Derani, and M. M. Ratnam. "Effect of Vibration on Surface Roughness in Finish Turning: Simulation Study." International Journal of Simulation Modelling 19, no. 4 (2020): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/ijsimm19-4-531.

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This paper presents the results of simulation analyses carried out to investigate the effect of adding controlled vibration of varying amplitudes and frequencies onto simulated workpiece profiles on surface roughness. The surface profiles were generated using the nose edge image of a real cutting tool insert at various stages of wear. The invariant moment sub-pixel edge detection method was used to extract the precise tool nose profile. The extracted nose profile was duplicated 20 times to generate the simulated workpiece profile. Vibration signals in the form of sine waves of amplitudes 0 to

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5

Lindsey, Kevin, Stuart T. Smith, and Colin J. Robbie. "Sub-Nanometre Surface Texture and Profile Measurement with NANOSURF 2." CIRP Annals 37, no. 1 (1988): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61691-6.

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6

Dartnell, L. R., L. Desorgher, J. M. Ward, and A. J. Coates. "Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 1 (2007): 455–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-455-2007.

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Abstract. The surface of Mars, unshielded by thick atmosphere or global magnetic field, is exposed to high levels of cosmic radiation. This ionizing radiation field is deleterious to the survival of dormant cells or spores and the persistence of molecular biomarkers in the subsurface, and so its characterisation is of prime astrobiological interest. Previous research has attempted to address the question of biomarker persistence by inappropriately using dose profiles weighted specifically for cellular survival. Here, we present modelling results of the unmodified physically absorbed radiation

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7

Rahman, A. Azizur, Emroj Hossian, Hetal Vaishnav, Jayesh B. Parmar, Arnab Bhattacharya, and Arun Sarma. "Synthesis and characterization of Cu3SbS4 thin films grown by co-sputtering metal precursors and subsequent sulfurization." Materials Advances 1, no. 9 (2020): 3333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00574f.

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X-ray diffraction profile, Raman and optical absorption spectra, and surface morphology of phase-pure Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub> films grown at 425 °C by co-sputtering metal precursors and subsequent sulfurization.

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Lekiah, Pedro Peekate, and John Ugboma Chukwuemeka. "Application of foaming capacity as response value in optimization of biosurfactant production." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 4, no. 2 (2020): 023–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4319477.

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Equipment for determination of surface tension (ST) which is the response value often used during biosurfactant optimization are not readily available in many laboratories. Foaming capacity (FC) was thus investigated as response value during biosurfactant optimization. Thirteen variations of glycerol-mineral salts medium were used to culture <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. for biosurfactant production and optimization. Variations in the medium were based on pH, carbon-nitrogen (C-N) and carbon-phosphorus (C-P) ratio. Inoculated media were incubated at ambient temperature with orbital shakin

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9

Aras, Eyyup. "Tracing sub-surface swept profiles of tapered toroidal end mills between level cuts." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 4 (2019): 629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.04.003.

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Abstract Development of closed-form solutions and algorithms for constructing sub-surface swept profiles (SWP) of toroidal and conical bodies is presented in this paper. While the problem of identifying the entire SWP of such surfaces has been extensively investigated in extant studies, construction of subsurface SWPs has rarely been addressed despite the subject being of great significance to machining process employing nonstandard-shaped NC tools. Torus shapes considered in extant literature are restricted to the fourth quadrant of a tube cross section. In industrial applications, however, p

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10

H S, Nithin, Pradeep D G, Nishchitha K M, Mahantayya Mathapati, Chikodi ., and Anand Babu K. "Comparative study on high temperature oxidation behaviour of CoCrAlY coatings by various reinforcement composition profile analysis." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 12A (2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/30104.

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In this article, high temperature oxidation behaviour of plasma sprayed carbides and oxides reinforced composite CoCrAlY coatings were investigated at 700°C. CoCrAlY was reinforced with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+YSZ, CeO<sub>2</sub>, WC-Co, Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-NiCr individually to produce four different coatings. SEM, EDS and XRD are used to analyze the oxide scales formed during oxidation process on the coatings surface. From the results it is found that, all these coatings exhibited parabolic weight gain nature, indicating

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11

Zhang, Chang Juan, Chuan Shao Liu, and Bo Zhao. "Experimental Study on Surface Quality of Al₂O₃ Engineering Ceramics in Ultrasonic Drilling and Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.457.

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Engineering ceramics have been widely used in recent years because of its excellent performances. However, the high hardness and brittleness make it very difficult to process with high efficiency and good quality, especially in precision and ultraprecision machining. Therefore, a method of ultrasonic drilling and grinding is provided to the hole machining of Al¬2O3 engineering ceramics. In the paper, with different machining parameters, the surface roughness of micro hole in ultrasonic and traditional drilling and grinding is compared and analyzed. Moreover, the surface micro profile and the w

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12

Pan, Guo-Hui, Huajun Wu, Shuai He, et al. "Dye-embedded YAG:Ce3+@SiO2 composite phosphors toward warm wLEDs through radiative energy transfer: preparation, characterization and luminescence properties." Nanoscale 10, no. 47 (2018): 22237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr07360k.

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Surface SiO<sub>2</sub> coating and simultaneous dye embedding in micro/nano-YAG:Ce<sup>3+</sup> phosphors toward Ce<sup>3+</sup> spectral profile tailoring through radiative energy transfer is demonstrated.

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13

Breen, Peter F., and Alan J. Chick. "Rootzone dynamics in constructed wetlands receiving wastewater: a comparison of vertical and horizontal flow systems." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (1995): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0150.

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Profile conditions were examined in both small experimental and pilot scale sub-surface flow wetlands. The study systems differed in their hydraulic design. The experimental systems had a vertical up-flow design whereas the pilot system was a horizontal flow trench design. Both systems were found to have significant physical, chemical and biological gradients within the sub-surface profile. System age and plant root density appear to be important factors in determining profile differentiation within the experimental systems. Root densities were found to be partitioned between the upper and low

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14

Alabi, Ayo, Abimbola Popoola, Olawale Popoola, and Ntombi Mathe. "Laser surface alloying of a novel Nb_11.2Cr_22.2 Co_22.2Ni_22.2Cu_22.2/TiN/VC composite coating: A preliminary parametric study." MATEC Web of Conferences 406 (2024): 07007. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440607007.

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A preliminary investigation was conducted to choose process parameters for laser surface alloying of a novel high-entropy alloy-based composite coating on a steel substrate. The chosen ranges for laser power, scanning speed and powder feed rate are 1500 to 2500 W, 0.4 to 0.8 m/min ute and 0.14 to 0.24 g/minute, respectively. The study examined the effect of powder feed rate and scanning speed on the properties of single beads. B eads' geometrical properties were measured, from which dilution percentage and aspect ratio were calculated. The correlation between microstructure and hardness value

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15

Ukabiala, Maduabuchi Ekeoma. "Assessment of Selected Morphological, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Upland Pedons in Eastern Kogi State, Nigeria." International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Innovative Research 01, no. 01 (2024): 01–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14325546.

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This research aimed at assessing the morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of upland soils in Kogi State of Nigeria. The research adopted a free soil survey technique whereby four pedons (Okura-P, Egume-P, Acharu-P and Ankpa-P) represented by four (4) soil profile pits were used for the study. Soil samples were carefully collected from delineated soil horizons for laboratory physical and chemical analyses. The morphological descriptions of the soil profiles followed the standard of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The results showed dominant dull reddish brown (

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16

Lamsal, L. N., N. A. Krotkov, E. A. Celarier, et al. "Evaluation of OMI operational standard NO<sub>2</sub> column retrievals using in situ and surface-based NO<sub>2</sub> observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 10 (2014): 14519–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-14519-2014.

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Abstract. We assess the standard operational nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data product (OMNO2, version 2.1) retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite using a combination of aircraft and surface in situ measurements as well as ground-based column measurements at several locations and a bottom-up NOx emission inventory over the continental US. Despite considerable sampling differences, NO2 vertical column densities from OMI are modestly correlated (r = 0.3–0.8) with in situ measurements of tropospheric NO2 from aircraft, ground-based observations of NO2 columns

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17

Ali, Mubarak, E. Hamzah, I. A. Qazi, and M. R. M. Toff. "Growth Defects and Surface Roughness in TiN-Coated Tool Steel at Various N₂ Gas Flow Rates Using Cathodic Arc PVD Technique." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.965.

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In the present study, titanium nitride coatings on tool steel were deposited using cathodic arc physical vapour deposition technique. We studied and discussed the effect of various nitrogen gas flow rate on the surface properties of TiN-coated steel. The coating properties investigated in this work include the surface morphology, surface roughness, line profile and fractal dimension analyses using atomic force microscope. Minimum values for surface roughness, line profile and fractal dimension analyses were recorded at nitrogen gas flow rate of 200 sccm. This is mainly because of the reduction

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18

Chettri, Nimesh, Indra Bdr.Chhetri, and Karma Yangzom. "Profile of subgrade subsidence in Sorchen." International Journal on Integrated Education 2, no. 6 (2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i6.197.

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The highway along Sorchen have been imperiled to various mechanical damages posing tremendous problems to the road users. These damages of road and its sub-grade are contributed by number of factors both manmade and natural. This research focuses on identification of damaged subgrade and its causes to the measurable degree. The greater emphasis has been turned to the Geotechnical site investigation of the affected areas and quantification of the results for the benefit of the policy makers in future. The survey has been carried out to ensure the extend of subsidence of the road and shown in th

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19

Harahap, Ilham Pradana Putra, and Dian Novita. "IDENTIFY MISCONCEPTION ON REACTION RATE CONCEPT USING FOUR-TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE (4TMC) DIAGNOSTIC TEST INSTRUMENT." JCER (Journal of Chemistry Education Research) 5, no. 1 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jcer.v5n1.p6-11.

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Abstract. The aims of this study to identify the profile of students’ conseptions and misconceptions on the concept of reaction rate using a four-tier multiple choice diagnostic test instrument reported in the form of misconception profiles consisting of students' conceptions, students' misconceptions and the causes of misconceptions experienced by students. Based on the results of the study shown (1) the students’ conception profile is as much as 78% understand the concept, 21% misconceptions and 1% do not understand the concept, (2) the profile of student’s misconceptions in each sub-materia

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20

Kuzin, V. V., S. N. Grigor’ev та M. A. Volosova. "Correlation between the profile of the working surface of the diamond wheel and the quality of the ground surface of Аl₂О₃‒TiC-ceramics". NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), № 11 (18 лютого 2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2020-11-64-70.

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21

Dartnell, L. R., L. Desorgher, J. M. Ward, and A. J. Coates. "Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology." Biogeosciences 4, no. 4 (2007): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-545-2007.

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Abstract. The surface of Mars, unshielded by thick atmosphere or global magnetic field, is exposed to high levels of cosmic radiation. This ionising radiation field is deleterious to the survival of dormant cells or spores and the persistence of molecular biomarkers in the subsurface, and so its characterisation is of prime astrobiological interest. Here, we present modelling results of the absorbed radiation dose as a function of depth through the Martian subsurface, suitable for calculation of biomarker persistence. A second major implementation of this dose accumulation rate data is in appl

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22

Cecchin, Diego, Cristy Leonor Azanza Ricardo, Mirco D'Incau, Michele Bandini, and Paolo Scardi. "Influence of Shot-Peening Parameters on the Sub-Surface Residual Stress Profiles in Al-7075 Alloy Components." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.66.

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Aluminum alloy (Al-7075-T6) samples were analyzed to determine the in-depth residual stress profile induced by a shot-peening treatment. The influence of coverage degree and Almen intensity on the surface residual stress and on the sub-surface residual stress gradient was investigated. Residual stress profiles were obtained using three different techniques: (i) standard laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress analysis with progressive chemical layer-removal; (ii) XRD residual stress analysis with synchrotron radiation using different X-ray energies, thus changing the penetration dep

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23

Wang 王, Jing 菁., Dong 冬. Yang 杨, Xuchen 旭辰 Lin 林, et al. "FEASTS: Radial Distribution of H i Surface Densities Down to 0.01 M_⊙ pc⁻² of 35 Nearby Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 980, no. 1 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada95a.

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Abstract We present the H i surface density (ΣH i ) radial distributions based on total-power H i images obtained by FAST in the FEASTS program, for 35 galaxies with inclinations lower than 72°. We derive the H i radius R 001, which is the radius for the 0.01 M ⊙ pc−2 (~1018.1 cm−2) isodensity level, 100 times deeper than the 1 M ⊙ pc−2 level previously commonly used to measure R 1. The profile shapes show a large diversity at a given radius in units of kpc, group virial radius, and R 1, but they align more tightly with the radius normalized by R 001. The universal H i profile has a scatter of

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24

Sujak, Muhammad, and Dede Djuhana. "Investigation to Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Properties of Non-Noble Metals: Fe, Ni, and Ni₈₀Fe₂₀." Key Engineering Materials 855 (July 2020): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.855.243.

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In this work, we have investigated the localized surface plasmon resonance profile of promising non-noble metals such as nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and permalloy (Ni80Fe20) as an alternative plasmonic material. The nanoparticle formed a sphere with varying the diameter from 10 nm to 200 nm with increment 10 nm, and the medium of nanoparticles is air (1+0i). The calculation was carried out by metallic nanoparticle boundary element method package. Furthermore, our result shows that increasing diameter of particles (iron, nickel, and permalloy) would increase the efficiency of ratio scattering to ab

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25

Zhou, Qingjie, Xianfeng Li, Jianglong Zheng, Xishuang Li, Guangming Kan, and Baohua Liu. "Inversion of Sub-Bottom Profile Based on the Sediment Acoustic Empirical Relationship in the Northern South China Sea." Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (2024): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040631.

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This study focuses on the inversion of sub-bottom profile (SBP) data in the northern South China Sea using an empirical relationship derived from sediment acoustic data. The sub-bottom profile is primarily utilized for various marine applications, such as geological mapping and resource exploration. In this research, we present a study conducted in the northern slope canyon of the South China Sea. Firstly, we obtained the seabed reflection coefficient from sub-bottom profiles obtained by the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) detection system. Secondly, we utilized the acoustic empirical rela

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26

Lamsal, L. N., N. A. Krotkov, E. A. Celarier, et al. "Evaluation of OMI operational standard NO<sub>2</sub> column retrievals using in situ and surface-based NO<sub>2</sub> observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 21 (2014): 11587–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11587-2014.

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Abstract. We assess the standard operational nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data product (OMNO2, version 2.1) retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite using a combination of aircraft and surface in~situ measurements as well as ground-based column measurements at several locations and a bottom-up NOx emission inventory over the continental US. Despite considerable sampling differences, NO2 vertical column densities from OMI are modestly correlated (r = 0.3–0.8) with in situ measurements of tropospheric NO2 from aircraft, ground-based observations of NO2 columns

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27

Heidt, J., T. Pursimo, A. Sillanpää, L. O. Takalo, and K. Nilsson. "High-Resolution Imaging of BL LAC Host Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 171 (1996): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900233081.

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We present high-resolution imaging of the BL Lac objects 1ES 0229+200 (z = 0.14), Markarian 421 (z = 0.031) and the prototype BL Lac (z = 0.069). Our goal is to study the properties of the host galaxies of this enigmatic sources and to compare them with their non-actice counterparts. The observations were carried out with the Nordical Optical Telescope (NOT) at La Palma under sub-arcsecond seeing conditions (FWHM < 0.″8). The surface brightness profiles of the host galaxies were analyzed as described in Bender and Möllenhoff (A&A, 177, 71 (1987)). After masking the disturbing field star

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28

Ženišová, Z., P. P. Povinec, A. Šivo, et al. "Hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterization of groundwater at Žitný Island (SW Slovakia)." Hydrology Research 46, no. 6 (2015): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.187.

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Hydrogeochemical investigations and spatial variations studies on the distribution of water isotopes and radiocarbon in the groundwater of Žitný Island (Rye Island) were carried out. Žitný Island represents the largest groundwater reservoir in Central Europe (about 10 Gm3). The chemical composition of the groundwater of Žitný Island depends mainly on the chemical composition of Danube water, as well as on the length of its infiltration from the Danube River. The groundwater is characterized by potamogenic mineralization, and its chemical composition is influenced by anthropogenic contamination

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29

Scanlon, B., G. A. Wick, and B. Ward. "Near-surface diurnal warming simulations: validation with high resolution profile measurements." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 6 (2012): 3851–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-3851-2012.

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Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important property for governing the exchange of energy between the ocean and the atmosphere. Common in-situ methods of measuring SST often require a cool-skin and warm-layer adjustment in the presence of diurnal warming effects. A critical requirement for an ocean sub-model is that it can simulate the change in SST over diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles. In this paper we use high-resolution near-surface profiles of SST to validate simulated near-surface temperature profiles from a modified version of the Kantha and Clayson 1-D mixed layer model

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Kim, Young Je, Min Ju Kim, Jong Pal Hong, Hyung-Tae Lim, and Jung Hoon Song. "Dependence of Electrochemical Performance of Ni-Rich NCM Cathode Materials on Recycling Methods." Ceramist 27, no. 2 (2024): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2024.27.2.07.

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In this study, electrochemical analysis of the hydrometallurgy-recycled and direct-reused Li[Ni<sub>0.90</sub>Co<sub>0.05</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>, Li[Ni<sub>0.86</sub>Co<sub>0.08</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> cathode materials were conducted to investigate performance difference depending on recycling methods. Electrochemical analysis showed direct-reused cathode have lower capacity and cycle retention than hydrometallurgy-recycled cathode. From the differential capacity profile

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Yadav, M. Bhargava Narasimha, P. L. Patil, and M. Hebbara. "Comparative Studies on Soil Quality Index Estimation of a Hilly-Zone Sub-Watershed in Karnataka." Sustainability 15, no. 24 (2023): 16576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416576.

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The assessment of soil quality aims to evaluate the utility and health of soils. In agricultural studies, soil productivity can be likened to soil quality. Evaluating the Soil Quality Index (SQI) solely based on surface properties offers an incomplete picture because productivity is influenced by both surface and subsurface characteristics, with the latter associated with pedogenic processes. Additionally, relying on weighted averages of soil properties from a soil profile for the SQI may offer an overall summary, but it can occasionally obscure variations that manifest across different soil h

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Ghobadi, Nader, and Ebrahim Gholami Hatam. "Optical band gap, photocatalysis, surface structures and depth profile properties of Cu₂Se nanostructured thin films." Materials Research Express 9, no. 3 (2022): 035007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac5f36.

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Abstract The optical behaviour, stoichiometry, surface configuration of Cu2Se nanostructured thin layers prepared at different reaction times by the chemical process has been considered. The optical band gap of the deposited thin films decreases from 2.92 eV to 2.08 eV for the first transition and from 2.18 to 1.2 eV for the second transition. In addition, it was shown that Urbach energy is independent from the film thickness, and tail values of the localized states has decreased from 1.15 to 0.33 eV. It was found that the concentration of Cu: Se remains approximately constant across the depth

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Gao, Xiang, Rong Qiu, Kunpeng Wang, et al. "The size prediction of potential inclusions embedded in the sub-surface of fused silica by damage morphology." Open Physics 15, no. 1 (2017): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0025.

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AbstractA model for predicting the size ranges of different potential inclusions initiating damage on the surface of fused silica has been presented. This accounts for the heating of nanometric inclusions whose absorptivity is described based on Mie Theory. The depth profile of impurities has been measured by ICP-OES. By the measured temporal pulse profile on the surface of fused silica, the temperature and thermal stress has been calculated. Furthermore, considering the limit conditions of temperature and thermal stress strength for different damage morphologies, the size range of potential i

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Rosicky, Mark A., Peter Slavich, Leigh A. Sullivan, and Mike Hughes. "Surface and sub-surface salinity in and around acid sulfate soil scalds in the coastal floodplains of New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 44, no. 1 (2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05027.

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Two-metre-deep soil profiles at 10 acid sulfate soil (ASS) scalds along the coast of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were examined for salinity indicators. At 5 of the sites, permanently vegetated areas adjacent to the ASS-scalded land were also tested. Throughout the profiles, most sites had high soluble chloride (Cl−) concentrations (≤17 mg/g soil) and high soluble sulfate (SO42−) concentrations (≤17 mg/g soil). Very low Cl− : SO42− ratios (≤3) indicated active pyrite oxidation. Soil salinity (measured as electrical conductivity, EC) was extremely high in the top 2 m of most of the ASS sca

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Kvietková, M. "Topography of material made by the application of abrasive water jet technology." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 8 (2014): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7591-jfs.

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Water jet cutting technology is widely applicable in all industrial areas in areas where the need for high dimensional precision machined material. Quality of surface corresponds to the scale from middle smooth milling to rough milling. It shows the results of undulation in dependence on technical and technological parameters ‒ feed rate and abrasive mass flow. The paper also contains the methodology for assessment of the effect of these parameters on surface finished undulation. Our paper presents significant results of experiments made by this methodology applied to MDF, OSB boards and to te

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Scaffidi, Romain, Guy Brammertz, Yibing Wang, et al. "A study of bandgap-graded CZTGSe kesterite thin films for solar cell applications." Energy Advances 2, no. 10 (2023): 1626. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ya00359k.

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Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> kesterite materials are a sustainable and harmless alternative to conventional Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) and CdTe absorbers for thin-film photovoltaics but are still lacking efficiency. This study presents the realization of bandgap grading in Cu<sub>2</sub>Zn(Sn<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Ge<sub><em>x</em></sub>)Se<sub>4</sub> (CZTGSe) kesterite thin films <em>via</em> the incorporation of Ge to partly substitute Sn, and their mutual segregation along the absorber profile. Bandgap values at the front and rear interfaces are,

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Ramasekhar, Gunisetty, Shalan Alkarni, and Nehad Ali Shah. "Machine learning approach of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a heated stretching surface." AIMS Mathematics 9, no. 7 (2024): 18746–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2024912.

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<abstract> <p>The present investigation focused on the influence of magnetohydrodynamic Gold-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface in the presence of a porous medium and linear thermal radiation. This article demonstrates a novel method for implementing an intelligent computational solution by using a multilayer perception (MLP) feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) controlled by the Levenberg-Marquard algorithm. We trained, tested, and validated the ANN model using the obtained data. In this mode

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Simpkin, Peter G., and Gordon B. J. Fader. "Essai d’un profileur de réflexion sismique Seistec modifié et de son application à la géologie marine au large à l’est de l’île Oak, baie Mahone, Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada." Atlantic Geoscience 60 (March 4, 2024): 001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2024.001.

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A modified, surface-towed, sub-bottom profiler, the boomer-based “Seistec” system, was deployed in an area offshore of eastern Oak Island, Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, in May 2017. Several grids of lines were surveyed around eastern Oak Island. Subsequently, the sub-bottom profiler data were interpreted from a geological perspective after being processed, scaled, aligned and merged with a previously collected multibeam bathymetric data set. This exercise resulted in the first integration of multibeam bathymetry and high resolution sub-bottom profile data from offshore Oak Island and provides insig

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Xie, Jin, Junichi Tamaki, and Yong Tang. "Arc Envelope Truing of Metal-Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheel by Use of Cone-Shaped Truer." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.421.

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This paper introduces a new arc envelop truing method of metal-bonded diamond grinding. It utilizes the arc profile of rotary cone-shaped truer, namely electrode, to envelop wheel profile during Electro-Contact Discharge (ECD) truing. The aim is to realize precision truing of diamond grinding wheel profile for grinding of hard-brittle material. The arc envelope truing principle of wheel profile was analyzed by the use of 3D spatial geometry to identify lean angle of the truer. Then the arc envelop truing and grinding experiments were carried out to investigate truing precision and ground surfa

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Woon Kiow, Lee, Syed Mohamad Aiman Tuan Muda, Ong Pauline, Sia Chee Kiong, Norfazillah Talib, and Aslinda Saleh. "Application of Wavelet Analysis in Tool Wear Evaluation Using Image Processing Method." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (2018): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.28155.

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Tool wear plays a significant role for proper planning and control of machining parameters to maintain the product quality. However, existing tool wear monitoring methods using sensor signals still have limitations. Since the cutting tool operates directly on the workpiece during machining process, the machined surface provides valuable information about the cutting tool condition. Therefore, the objective of present study is to evaluate the tool wear based on the workpiece profile signature by using wavelet analysis. The effect of wavelet families, scale of wavelet and statistical features of

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Bourgault du Coudray, P. L., D. R. Williamson, and W. D. Scott. "Prediction of chloride leaching from a non-irrigated, de-watered saline soil using the MACRO model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 4 (1997): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-845-1997.

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Abstract. A pedon scale study was conducted to investigate the degree of chloride leaching from a de-watered saline soil profile in the non-irrigated wheatbelt region of south-western Australia. Within the surface 250mm of the soil profile was a dispersed layer acting as a hydraulic throttle. Soil water tensions and chloride concentrations were obtained over a two-year period over depths ranging from 0.2m to 1.5m. In the first year the soil surface remained untouched. In the second year, the throttle layer was fractured by ripping to a depth of 250mm. Rainfall, runoff and potential evaporation

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Itakura, Satoshi, Tsutomu Uenohara, Yasuhiro Mizutani, and Yasuhiro Takaya. "Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Surface Topography Measurement Using Multi-Wavelength Scattering Spectroscopy." International Journal of Automation Technology 18, no. 1 (2024): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0092.

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We are currently developing a high-precision and wide-range in-process surface topography measurement system using the laser inverse scattering method. In the laser inverse scattering method, a monochromatic plane wave is illuminated perpendicular to the target surface and the surface topography is measured by retrieving the phase distribution of the reflected light. However, the dynamic range of this method is limited to the sub-micrometer range because of phase wrapping during phase retrieval. In this paper, we propose a laser inverse scattering method using a multi-wavelength light source b

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Cao, Yue, Zhuwei Wang, Qing Wang, Mingzhu Du, and Miaojuan Zhang. "A Broadband Millimeter-Wave Circularly Polarized Folded Reflectarray Antenna Based on Transmissive Linear-to-Circular Polarization Converter." Micromachines 16, no. 6 (2025): 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060711.

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In this paper, a wideband circularly polarized folded reflectarray antenna (CPFRA) based on a transmissive linear-to-circular polarization converter is proposed. The CPFRA consists of a primary reflector and a sub-reflector. To achieve broadband performance, a metasurface-based RA element on the primary reflector surface and a transmissive linear-to-circular polarization converter on the sub-reflector surface are applied. Moreover, the transmissive linear-to-circular polarization converter on the sub-reflector surface helps convert linear polarization to circular polarization. To verify the pr

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Taj, S., A. Rosu-Finsen, and M. R. S. McCoustra. "Impact of surface heterogeneity on IR line profiles of adsorbed carbon monoxide on models of interstellar grain surfaces." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 4 (2021): 5806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1174.

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ABSTRACT Surface heterogeneity of model amorphous silica films used as a model for interstellar grain surfaces is revealed through the application of the pre-exponential optimized inversion method to previously reported sub-monolayer thermal desorption studies of carbon monoxide (CO) desorption. The impact of that surface heterogeneity, as represented by the coverage dependence of the CO activation energy for desorption from the amorphous silica surface, on the IR spectroscopy of the CO stretching vibration is explored through vibrational line profile synthesis. Comparison is then made to prev

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Lima, Erivaldo Genuíno, Fabiana Medeiros Nascimento Silva, Tellys Lins Almeida Barbosa, and Meiry Gláucia Freire Rodrigues. "Organic Structure-Directing Agent Free Synthesis of Mordenite with Seeds, Used as A Support for Mo Catalysts in the Transesterification of Soybean Oil." Catalysis Research 03, no. 02 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/cr.2302015.

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This work prepared mordenite using seeds and without organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs). The Mo/Mordenite was prepared through wet impregnation and the catalysts’ performance was checked for transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The mordenite zeolite was prepared through hydrothermal crystallization under static conditions with a molar composition of 6Na<sub>2</sub>O:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:30SiO<sub>2</sub>:780H<sub>2</sub>O. The catalyst samples were characterized crystallinity through X-ray diffraction, elem

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Haszpra, L., M. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, et al. "Variation of CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction in the lower free troposphere, in the boundary layer and at the surface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 5 (2012): 11539–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-11539-2012.

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Abstract. Eight years of occasional flask air sampling and 3 yr of frequent in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) vertical profiles on board of a small aircraft, over a tall tower greenhouse gases monitoring site in Hungary are used for the analysis of the variations of vertical profile of CO2 mole fraction. Using the airborne vertical profiles and the measurements along the 115 m tall tower it is shown that the measurements at the top of the tower estimate the mean boundary layer CO2 mole fraction during the mid-afternoon fairly well, with an underestimation of 0.27–0.85 μmol mol−1 in

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Haszpra, L., M. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, et al. "Variation of CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction in the lower free troposphere, in the boundary layer and at the surface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 18 (2012): 8865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8865-2012.

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Abstract. Eight years of occasional flask air sampling and 3 years of frequent in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) vertical profiles on board of a small aircraft, over a tall tower greenhouse gases monitoring site in Hungary are used for the analysis of the variations of vertical profile of CO2 mole fraction. Using the airborne vertical profiles and the measurements along the 115 m tall tower it is shown that the measurements at the top of the tower estimate the mean boundary layer CO2 mole fraction during the mid-afternoon fairly well, with an underestimation of 0.27–0.85 μmol mol−1

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Thiel, David V. "A Preliminary Assessment of Glacial Ice Profiling Using Vlf Surface-Impedance Measurements." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 112 (1986): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000012077.

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AbstractVLF surface-impedance measurements have been used in the past for sub-surface mapping. The application of this technique to glacial ice probing is discussed theoretically and results of measurements on Brewster Glacier, New Zealand, are presented. Results were fitted to a three-layer model and a section profile is given. Dramatic changes in the phase of the surface impedance were observed in the vicinity of crevasses. Results indicate that the technique has potential as a tool for quick, reliable, and non-invasive ice-thickness measurements.

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Thiel, David V. "A Preliminary Assessment of Glacial Ice Profiling Using Vlf Surface-Impedance Measurements." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 112 (1986): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000012077.

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AbstractVLF surface-impedance measurements have been used in the past for sub-surface mapping. The application of this technique to glacial ice probing is discussed theoretically and results of measurements on Brewster Glacier, New Zealand, are presented. Results were fitted to a three-layer model and a section profile is given. Dramatic changes in the phase of the surface impedance were observed in the vicinity of crevasses. Results indicate that the technique has potential as a tool for quick, reliable, and non-invasive ice-thickness measurements.

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Aibaidula, Abudumijiti(Zack), Cori E. Fain, Luz Cumba Garcia, Miyeon Jung, Aaron J. Johnson, and Ian F. Parney. "Multiparametric analysis in GBM plasma extracellular vesicles (Evs) and surface marker expression profile." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.2038.

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2038 Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor with poor clinical prognosis. Management of GBM is hampered by the lack of an accurate test that can be used for differential diagnosis of tumor progression from inflammatory pseudoprogression. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been shown to be a promising source for biomarker identification. In this project, we aimed to identify GBM plasma EV markers that could serve as the basis of a liquid biopsy. Methods: Sample preparation, assay controls and instrument calibration were performed following MIFlowCyt-EV guid

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