Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sub-surface defects

Academic literature on the topic 'Sub-surface defects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sub-surface defects"

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Yu, Xiang, Lei Ma, Yang Liu, Zhong Zhou Yang, and Hua Meng. "Reducing Surface Defects of CrXOY Film in Mid-Frequency Dual-Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.219.

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Influence of the process parameters of a reactive mid-frequency dual-magnetron sputtering on surface defects of CrxOy film was investigated. The forming mechanisms of the observed droplets and craters were analyzed. The optimal parameter combination for accomplishing fewer surface defects was explored; and the optimized process parameters evidently minimized the surface defects of the film. In the condition of the target current of 16 A, the gases pressure of 0.31 Pa, and the bias voltages in a range of -120~-240 V, an optimized CrxOy film has been synthesized with surface defect density low to 78 defect/mm-2.
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Duarte Naia, Marco, Paulo M. Gordo, Orlando M. N. D. Teodoro, Adriano P. de Lima, Augusto M. C. Moutinho, and Roberto S. Brusa. "Sub-Surface Defects Induced by Low Energy Ar+ Sputtering of Silver." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1608.

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Induced defects in silver polycrystalline samples irradiated with 4 keV Ar+ were characterised with slow positron implantation spectroscopy. The implanted gas was found to interact with ion irradiation defects. The evolution of the defects and gas-defect interactions were followed through a multi-step isochronal annealing treatment. Two different defected regions were detected. A region near to the surface, due to a distribution of vacancy-like defects produced by irradiation, and a deeper one due to coalescence of Ar. The deeper defects evolve with thermal treatments and probably produce cavities which are not easily recovered.
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Gonchigsuren, Munkhsaikhan, Otgonbayar Dugerjav, Odontuya Bayarsaikhan, Buyanjargal Ragchaa, and Naranchimeg Dagviikhorol. "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Observation of WSe2 Surface." Solid State Phenomena 323 (August 30, 2021): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.323.140.

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The surface structure of the WSe2 were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. Exfoliation method in an ultra-high-vacuum chamber method is used to obtain a clean surface of WSe2 samples with atomically smooth terraces and multi-layer steps. Atomic-resolution images revealed two types of atomic defects of surface or near surface. These defects have been identified as the defects in the tungsten atom layer just below the topmost selenium layer.
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Coghill, Adam, Jan Scherfig, Nick Arhontes, and Steven E. Esmond. "Quantifying Sub-Surface Discharges from Individual Sewer Defects." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2006, no. 5 (January 1, 2006): 6932–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864706783761725.

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Rodà, Carmelita, Ahmed L. Abdelhady, Javad Shamsi, Monica Lorenzon, Valerio Pinchetti, Marina Gandini, Francesco Meinardi, Liberato Manna, and Sergio Brovelli. "O2 as a molecular probe for nonradiative surface defects in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanostructures and single crystals." Nanoscale 11, no. 16 (2019): 7613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01133a.

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Surface defects and environmental conditions affect the physical properties of CsPbBr3 perovskites differently, based on the materials dimensionality, despite their ‘defect tolerant’ electronic structure.
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Polfus, Jonathan M., Tor S. Bjørheim, Truls Norby, and Rune Bredesen. "Surface defect chemistry of Y-substituted and hydrated BaZrO3 with subsurface space-charge regions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 19 (2016): 7437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02067d.

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First-principles calculations were utilized to elucidate the complete defect equilibria of surfaces of proton conducting BaZrO3, encompassing charged species adsorbed to the surface, defects in the surface layer as well as in the subsurface space-charge region and bulk.
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Ogawa, Kenichi, Naoya Ogawa, Ryo Kosaka, Toshiyuki Isshiki, Toru Aiso, Masato Iyoki, Yong Zhao Yao, and Yukari Ishikawa. "AFM Observation of Etch-Pit Shapes on β-Ga2O3 (001) Surface Formed by Molten Alkali Etching." Materials Science Forum 1004 (July 2020): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1004.512.

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In order to understand the crystal defects of beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) in more detail, we classified the crystal defects of a 2-inch substrate of β-Ga2O3 (001) single crystal. As a result of observing the etch pits formed by molten alkali etching using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), we succeeded in observing six different etch pit shapes. These etch pit shapes are categorized into “Cicada I type”, “Cicada II type”, “Cannonball type”, “Trapezoid type”, “Bar type”, and “Shell type”. We consider that “Cicada I type” and “Cicada II type” are etch pit shapes caused by planar defects, and “Cannon ball type” is etch pit shapes due to dislocations. In addition, “Trapezoid type”, “Bar type”, and “Shell type” are deduced the result of surface morphology.
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Patel, P. M., D. P. Almond, and H. Reiter. "Thermal-wave detection and characterisation of sub-surface defects." Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry 43, no. 1 (May 1987): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00693966.

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Raineri, Vito, Patrick Fiorenza, Raffaella Lo Nigro, and Derek C. Sinclair. "Nanoscale Imaging of CaCu3Ti4O12 Dielectric Properties: The Role of Surface Defects." Solid State Phenomena 131-133 (October 2007): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.131-133.443.

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Scanning probe microscopy with conductive tips has been used to image the dielectric properties of ceramics with giant permittivity. In particular, measurements in impedance mode and of local resistivity allowed to image the permittivity map on polycrystalline materials. Such imaging allows to correlate the dielectric properties with the local sample structure and with defects inside the single grains of the polycrystalline ceramics. However, artifacts due to surface imperfections should be distinguished from bulk properties and eliminated.
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Smentkowski, Vincent S., Sara G. Ostrowski, Lauraine Denault, and Charles G. Woychik. "Characterization of Surface and Sub- Surface Defects on Devices using Complimentary Techniques." Microscopy Today 16, no. 6 (November 2008): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500062325.

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Being able to differentiate surface from bulk defects on devices requires the use of complimentary characterization tools. In this article, we show how light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry provides complimentary information about the surface and sub-surface composition, topography, and microstructure of a semiconductor device.To create a gamma-ray spectroscopy detector, electrical contacts consisting of a blanket coated cathode and a pixilated anode can be deposited directly on opposite faces of a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) crystal. The contact metallization must adhere to the surfaces, and the streets between adjacent anode pads must be free of residual metal and contaminants to avoid excessive interpixel leakage currents. The analysis reported below was used to validate the structure and composition of the contact metal stack and to characterize the streets of the anode pad array.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sub-surface defects"

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Pi, Xiaodong. "Positron annihilation spectroscopy of sub-surface defects in semiconductors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426150.

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Palanisamy, Suresh, and n/a. "Ultrasonic inspection of gas porosity defects in aluminium die castings." Swinburne University of Technology. Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060828.103450.

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This thesis documents a PhD research program undertaken at Swinburne University of Technology between the years 2000 and 2004. The research was funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Cast Metals Manufacturing and was undertaken in collaboration with Nissan Casting Plant Australia Pty Ltd and the Ford Motor Company Australia Limited. This thesis reports on the investigation of the possibility of using an ultrasonic sensing-based, non-destructive testing system to detect gas porosity defects in aluminium die casting parts with rough surfaces. The initial intention was to develop a procedure to obtain ultrasonic signals with the maximum possible amplitude from defects within the rough surface areas of the castings. A further intention was to identify defects with the application of a suitable signal processing technique to the raw ultrasonic signal. The literature review has indicated that ultrasonic techniques have the potential to be used to detect subsurface defects in castings. The possibility of classifying very weak ultrasonic signals obtained from rough surface sections of castings through a neural network approach was also mentioned in the literature. An extensive search of the literature has indicated that ultrasonic sensing techniques have not been successfully used to detect sub-surface defects in aluminium die castings with rough surfaces. Ultrasonic inspection of castings is difficult due to the influence of microstructural variations, surface roughness and the complex shape of castings. The design of the experimental set-up used is also critical in developing a proper inspection procedure. The experimental set-up of an A-scan ultrasonic inspection rig used in the research is described in this thesis. Calibration of the apparatus used in the inspection rig was carried out to ensure the reliability and repeatability of the results. This thesis describes the procedure used to determine a suitable frequency range for the inspection of CA313 aluminium alloy castings and detecting porosity defects while accommodating material variations within the part. The results obtained from ultrasonic immersion testing indicated that focused probes operating at frequencies between 5 MHz and 10 MHz are best suited for the inspection of castings with surface roughness Ra values varying between 50 [micro milli] and 100 [micro milli]. For the purpose of validating the proposed inspection methodology, gas porosity defects were simulated through side-drilled holes in the in-gate section of selected sample castings. Castings with actual porosity defects were also used in this research. One of the conclusions of this research was that it was extremely difficult to detect defects in castings with surface roughness above 125 [micro milli]. Once the ultrasonic signal data was obtained from the sample aluminium die castings with different surface roughness values ranging from 5 [micro milli] to 150 [micro milli] signal analysis was carried out. Signal feature extraction was achieved using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Wavelet Transforms (WT) prior to passing the ultrasonic signals into a neural network for defect classification. MATLAB tools were used for neural network and signal pre-processing analysis. The results indicated that poor classification (less than 75%) was achieved with the WT, PCA and combination of FFT/PCA and WT/PCA pre-processing techniques for rough surface signals. However, the classification of the signals pre-processed with the combination of WT/FFT, FFT/WT and FFT/WT/PCA classifiers provided much better classification of more than 90% for smooth surface signals and 78% to 84% for rough surface signals. The results obtained from ultrasonic testing of castings with both real and simulated defects were validated with X-ray analysis of the sample castings. The results obtained from this research encourage deeper investigation of the detection and characterisation of sub-surface defects in castings at the as-cast stage. Implications for the industrial application of these findings are discussed and directions for further research presented in this thesis.
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Nicolaides, Lena. "Thermal wave inverse problems, depth profilometry of hardened steels and diffraction tomography of sub-surface defects in metals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ53793.pdf.

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Maurice, Vincent. "Contribution a l'etude du desordre dans les monocouches chimisorbees." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066518.

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Interpretation, a l'aide d'une methode informatisee de type "monte carlo", des diagrammes de diffraction des electrons lents de couches chimisorbees et modelisation des caracteristiques structurales bidimensionnelles liees au desordre. Application au soufre chimisorbe sur des faces de bas indices de metaux de transition
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"Feasibility Demonstration of a Massively Parallelizable Near-Field Sensor for Sub-Wavelength Defect Detection and Imaging." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38360.

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abstract: To detect and resolve sub-wavelength features at optical frequencies, beyond the diffraction limit, requires sensors that interact with the electromagnetic near-field of those features. Most instruments operating in this modality scan a single detector element across the surface under inspection because the scattered signals from a multiplicity of such elements would end up interfering with each other. However, an alternative massively parallelized configuration, consisting of a remotely interrogating array of dipoles, capable of interrogating multiple adjacent areas of the surface at the same time, was proposed in 2002. In the present work a remotely interrogating slot antenna inside a 60nm silver slab is designed which increases the signal to noise ratio of the original system. The antenna is tuned to resonance at 600nm range by taking advantage of the plasmon resonance properties of the metal’s negative permittivity and judicious shaping of the slot element. Full-physics simulations show the capability of detecting an 8nm particle using red light illumination. The sensitivity to the λ/78 particle is attained by detecting the change induced on the antenna’s far field signature by the proximate particle, a change that is 15dB greater than the scattering signature of the particle by itself. To verify the capabilities of this technology in a readily accessible experimental environment, a radiofrequency scale model is designed using a meta-material to mimic the optical properties of silver in the 2GHz to 5GHz range. Various approaches to the replication of the metal’s behavior are explored in a trade-off between fidelity to the metal’s natural plasmon response, desired bandwidth of the demonstration, and ii manufacturability of the meta-material. The simulation and experimental results successfully verify the capability of the proposed near-field sensor in sub-wavelength detection and imaging not only as a proof of concept for optical frequencies but also as a potential imaging device for radio frequencies.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2016
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Books on the topic "Sub-surface defects"

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(Editor), Gunnar Borstel, Andris Krumins (Editor), and Donats Millers (Editor), eds. Defects and Surface-Induced Effects in Advanced Perovskites (NATO Science Partnership Sub-Series: 3:). Springer, 2000.

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Nicolaides, Lena. Thermal wave inverse problems: Depth profilometry of hardened steels and diffraction tomography of sub-surface defects in metals. 2000.

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(Editor), Gunnar Borstel, Andris Krumins (Editor), and Donats Millers (Editor), eds. Defects and Surface-Induced Effects in Advanced Perovskites (NATO SCIENCE PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES: 3: High Technology Volume 77). Springer, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sub-surface defects"

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Stockman, A., M. Lam, and P. S. Nicholson. "Ultrasonic Characterization of Surface and Sub-Surface Defects in Ceramic Materials." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1115–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5772-8_142.

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Raineri, Vito, Patrick Fiorenza, Raffaella Lo Nigro, and Derek C. Sinclair. "Nanoscale Imaging of CaCu3Ti4O12 Dielectric Properties: The Role of Surface Defects." In Solid State Phenomena, 443–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-43-4.443.

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Alimey, Fred John, Libing Bai, and Yuhua Cheng. "Tensor Based Finite Element Model for the Calculation of Leakage Field in Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/saem200019.

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Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely used electromagnetic nondestructive testing (ENDT) method, which has the ability to detect both surface and sub-surface defects in conductive materials. One of its best features is its ability to mathematically model field leakage from the defect area in a magnetized material. In this paper, we propose an optimized FEM model using geometrical weighted tensor (TBFEM), for the calculation of leakage field in MFL. This model using the Einstein’s convention eliminates the bulky nature of traditional FEM based on its matrix algebra formation allowing for easy implementation and fast calculations. The proposed model achieves this by reducing the set of matrix equations into a single equation using suffixes which can then be solved with regular mathematical operations.
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Geisler, H., M. Hoehn, M. Rambach, M. A. Meyer, E. Zschech, M. Mertig, A. Romanov, M. Bobeth, W. Pompe, and R. E. Geer. "Elastic mapping of sub-surface defects by ultrasonic force microscopy: limits of depth sensitivity." In Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 2001, 527–30. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351074629-114.

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McDonald, P. G., Z. Abbasi, and L. Cao. "Simulation of Radio Frequency Inductive Testing (RFIT) for deep sub-surface defects in concrete." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations, 1524–27. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429279119-208.

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Sevini, F., and M. Merola. "Behaviour of sub-surface defects under thermal fatigue loading in a 316L first wall mock-up." In Fusion Technology 1996, 375–78. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-82762-3.50064-1.

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Rickard, David. "Framboid Microcrystal Growth." In Framboids, 235–61. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.003.0012.

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Framboid microcrystals grow through surface reaction of S2(-II) or H2S with =FeS moieties at defect sites on the pyrite crystal surface. The surface energies of pyrite vary from the most stable cubic through octahedral to pyritohedral and dodecahedral surfaces. Microcrystals commonly develop as truncated octahedra as the supersaturation decreases during crystal growth in sedimentary environments, although cubic forms may be favored under hydrothermal conditions. Screw dislocation growth followed by surface nucleation growth are the normal growth modes in sediments, whereas surface nucleation growth is likely to dominate in hydrothermal systems. The rate of crystal growth of framboids is unknown but appears to be very fast and normally diffusion-limited. Linear approximations to the diffusion equations show that average 6 μ‎m diameter framboids form in five days in sediments, and formation times increase exponentially from a few hours for ca. 2 μ‎m framboids to three years for the largest 250 μ‎m framboids.
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Slifkin, Lawrence. "THE SUB-SURFACE SPACE CHARGE AND DEFECT FORMATION PARAMETERS." In Superionic Solids and Solid Electrolytes Recent Trends, 407–37. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-437075-3.50015-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sub-surface defects"

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Taraf, M., M. F. Ghanameh, M. Mliha Touati, O. Oussouaddi, and A. Zeghloul. "Numerical Simulation of Material Sub-Surface Defects in Rolling Contact Fatigue." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63654.

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To ensure the safety and of reducing the costs of maintenances in railways systems, it is necessary to evaluate the life prediction of fatigue crack initiation in rolling contact fatigue starting from the defects. The influence of defects on the rolling contact fatigue was studied, we simulated two types of geometry of defect (circular and elliptic) and also we studied the influence of defects clusters. The stresses and deformations were analyzed in the vicinity of the defect. Calculations were carried out with four levels of loading with the code of finite elements ABAQUS-standard (version 6.3). The fatigue impact was evaluated by using the multiaxial fatigue parameter to estimate the rolling contact fatigue life.
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Nutsch, Andreas, Tomohiro Funakoshi, Lothar Pfitzner, Robert Steffen, Frank Supplieth, and Heiner Ryssel. "Detection and review of crystal originated surface and sub surface defects on bare silicon." In 2007 International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issm.2007.4446898.

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Almond, D. P., and P. M. Patel. "A quantitative thermal wave assessment of the characteristics of sub-surface defects." In 1992 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. QIRT Council, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.1992.057.

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Yu-hua, Cheng, and Lei Kai. "Application of sub-surface imaging system for detecting defects of metal material." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (ICAL). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2009.5262790.

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Venkatesh, Vijay, Shailesh N. Joshi, and Vishnu Baba Sundaresan. "Imaging sub-surface defects in power electronic modules using shear-force microscopy." In 2020 IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc32862.2020.00221.

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Umar, M. Z., A. R. Hamzah, and V. Vavilov. "An experimental study of sub-surface defects detection of bakelite using active mode thermography." In 2010 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. QIRT Council, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2010.141.

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Zhang, Nansheng, Shanshan Wang, Bowen Xu, Qiudong Zhu, and Qun Hao. "Sub-aperture image stitching of cylindrical mirror surface defects based on dark-field imaging." In Conference on Optics Ultra Precision Manufacturing and Testing, edited by Dawei Zhang, Lingbao Kong, and Xichun Luo. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2579835.

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Bruinsma, A. J. "Non-Contact Detection Of Pulsed Acoustic Displacements For The Evaluation Of Sub-Surface Defects." In Hague International Symposium, edited by Anna M. Verga Scheggi. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.941089.

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Vertsanova, Olena, Yury Yakimenko, and Sergey Selivanov. "Nondestructive control of sub-surface defects by using PAM with bending bimorph piezoceramic sensor." In The ninth international symposium on nondestructive characterization of materials. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1303085.

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Montaggioli, Giovanni, Marco Puliti, and Alessandro Sabato. "Automated damage detection of bridge’s sub-surface defects from infrared images using machine learning." In Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems XV, edited by Paul Fromme and Zhongqing Su. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2581783.

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Reports on the topic "Sub-surface defects"

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Yan, M., S. Oberhelman, L. Wang, W. Siekhaus, and M. Kozlowski. Characterization of surface and sub-surface defects in optical materials using the near field evanescent wave. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334222.

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Steckenrider, J. S. Automated laser scatter detection of surface and subsurface defects in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/81073.

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Steckenrider, J. S., and W. A. Ellingson. Application of laser scattering for detection of surface and subsurface defects in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10114325.

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