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Journal articles on the topic 'Sub-Himalayan West Bengal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

PIJUSH, BASAK. "Eastern and North Eastern sub-divisions of India : An analysis of trend and chaotic behaviour of rainfall in different seasons." MAUSAM 71, no. 4 (August 4, 2021): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i4.47.

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The aim of the study is to understand trend or non-linearity along with a chaotic behaviour, if any, of Eastern and North Eastern sub-divisional rainfall, namely Orissa, Gangetic West Bengal, Sub Himalayan West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya and also Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura based on rainfall data of 143 years (1871-2013). The analysis is performed for examining behaviour of rainfall in each of the seasons, namely, Pre monsoon, South West monsoon, North East monsoon and also Annual rainfall extracted from the monthly data. For that purpose, a trend analysis with Hurst Exponent and non-linearity analysis with Lyapunov Exponent are employed. The analysis revealed that rainfall of Orissa is persistent for all the seasons whilst the rainfall is persistent in Gangetic West Bengal in Pre monsoon and North East monsoon and Assam and Meghalaya along with Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura exhibit persistent behaviour in South West Monsoon and annually. Sub Himalayan West Bengal exhibit persistence in annual rainfall only. Chaotic tendency in low magnitude is located in many cases whilst non-chaotic situation has occurred when the persistence is found, mainly in pre-monsoon season. Moreover, the analysis of Hurst and Lyapunov Exponent revealed to identify two groups of sub-divisions with exactly similar region of every respect. Those two groups contain (i) sub-divisions Orissa and Assam and Meghalaya and also (ii) sub-divisions Sub Himalayan West Bengal and Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur and Tripura although those are at distances of hundreds of kilometers away. The behaviour of those subdivisions in a group has similar behaviour in all respects.

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2

Mounika, T., S. K. Sahoo, D. Chakraborty, and K. Sreedevi. "Pulse beetle diversity in Sub Himalayan West Bengal." Journal of Entomological Research 46, suppl (2022): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4576.2022.00194.3.

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3

BASU, G. C., U. BHATTACHARJEE, and R. GHOSH. "Statistical analysis of rainfall distribution and trend of rainfall anomalies districtwise during monsoon period over West Bengal." MAUSAM 55, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v55i3.1172.

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The statistical analysis of rainfall distributions in different districts of West Bengal during monsoon period for 68 years (1931-98) have been studied in this paper. The statistical parameters such as moments, coefficient of skewness and kurtosis have been computed to understand the nature of such rainfall distribution in each district. The rainfall anomalies during monsoon period (June–September) have also been studied for each district of two meteorological Sub-divisions, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal (SHWB) and Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) by fitting regression lines through ‘Least Square Method’ and results for rainfall trends for each district of West Bengal have been discussed in this paper.

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4

Barman, Rup Kumar. "Buddhist Culture of Contemporary West Bengal (Reflections on the Bengali-speaking Buddhists)." SMARATUNGGA: JURNAL OF EDUCATION AND BUDDHIST STUDIES 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v2i2.81.

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Since the inception of Buddhism, the people of Bengal have maintained a very close relationship with Buddhist ideologies. In fact, Bengal appeared as a dominant center of Buddhist culture in the early medieval period (sixth to twelfth century CE) both for its institutional flavour as well as for state- sponsorship. However, with the fall of royal patronage and the conversion of the Buddhists to other religious faiths, Buddhism gradually lost its prominence in Bengal. It was during the colonial period (1757 to 1947 CE), Buddhism again started reviving in different corners of Bengal principally in the early twentieth century. However, the ‘Partition of Bengal Province (in 1947) appeared as a serious setback for the fate of Buddhism in this region. The East Bengali Buddhists had started a new episode of the struggle for survival in India more precisely in West Bengal as ‘refugees’ or as ‘asylum seekers. After their migration to West Bengal, the Bengali-speaking Buddhists have aspired to build up several Viharas (monasteries), Sanghasrams (spiritual hermitage), temples, and institutions in Kolkata, Sub-Himalayan Bengal, and certain other districts of West Bengal. They have preserved and maintained the Buddhist socio-cultural traditions that they have inherited from the southeastern corner of former East Bengal. This paper highlights all these aspects of the Buddhist culture of West Bengal with a fresh outlook.

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5

DASTIDAR, AVIK GHOSH, SARBARI GHOSH, U. K. DE, and S. K. GHOSH. "Statistical analysis of monsoon rainfall distribution over West Bengal, India." MAUSAM 61, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v61i4.884.

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Seasonal, monthly and daily rainfall characteristics of meteorological sub-divisions of Sub Himalayan West Bengal (SHWB) and Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) have been studied using rainfall data of 23 stations of India Meteorological Department (IMD) over the state of West Bengal. The two subdivisions have distinctive characteristics, though two stations lying in the plain region of SHWB have behaviour more alike the stations of GWB. Krishnagar is a station with least seasonal rainfall in the entire state. Kurtosis and Skewness of the seasonal rainfall distribution have been studied and found that, for most of the stations they lie within reasonable limits. From the time series analysis, it is found that the seasonal rainfall has no trend.

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6

BISWAS, B., and K. GUPTA. "Variability of southwest monsoon rainfall over West Bengal." MAUSAM 44, no. 4 (January 1, 2022): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v44i4.3925.

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Monthly and seasonal variations of southwest monsoon rainfall over the districts of Gangetic and Sub-Himalayan West Bengal are presented and their differences discussed. Latitudinal variations of monsoon rainfall are brought out. Decadal means of seasonal rainfall over plains are compared with those at higher elevations and northern latitudes. An attempt is made to study long term rainfall trends.

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7

Roy, Sourav, and Samiran Chakrabarti. "New eriophyoid mite (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 1449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.8.7.

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A new eriophyoid mite Unilox lataguriensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. on Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb. (Primulaceae) is described here from Jalpaiguri district of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India. The new genus, belongs to the family Diptilomiopidae, subfamily Diptilomiopinae, and is very close to the genus Dialox.

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8

Basu, Srimoyee, Kailash Chandra, Kumrapuram Apadodharanan Subramanian, and Goutam Kumar Saha. "Water bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions of West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 12 (November 12, 2018): 12619–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3060.10.12.12619-12714.

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The present study reports a total of 61 Species belonging to 34 genera and 14 families from Darjeeling Himalaya and Jalpaiguri sub Himalaya regions of West Bengal. The study documented 11 new species to science, which were already published, 15 new records to the state and one new record to India. The study showed that the Nepomorphan families are mostly restricted to the slow flowing or to the stagnant ecosystems like ponds or lakes and the running waters are dominated mainly by the Gerromorpha. The key to all family, genera and species of aquatic Hemiptera are provided with their distribution in India and globally. The description of all species with their detail photographs and distribution map were also presented here. The diagnostic characters supported with photographs for each species are also presented here.

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9

Haldar, Nibedita, Niladri Haldar, Mani Kumar Sharma, Goutam Dutta, and Nihar Ranjan Haldar. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DERMATOMYCOSIS IN THE SUB - HIMALAYAN REGION OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 4, no. 91 (November 10, 2015): 15619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2015/2245.

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10

DEBNATH, G. C., and G. K. DAS. "Verification of operational rainfall forecast over eastern India during southwest monsoon season." MAUSAM 68, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i2.635.

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The Indian summer monsoon rainfall forecast and its verification has a direct impact on various sectors of public interest besides economy of the country. The present study highlights the verification of distribution forecast of synoptic method issued daily for six met subdivisions, comprising of five states of eastern India namely West Bengal, Sikkim, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha. Three years monsoon season rainfall data from 2011 through 2013 are used for the study area. The distribution-oriented verification is done for different rainfall classes like dry, isolated, scattered, fairly widespread and widespread to understand the usefulness of the synoptic method. Statistics are presented for both combined classes of Percentage Correct (PC) and Heidke Skill Score (HSS) of the met subdivision wise forecast and PC, POD and CSI for individual classes. It has been observed that among the met subdivision the efficiency of the method is highest in Sub Himalayan West Bengal (SHWB) & Sikkim followed by Gangetic West Bengal (GWB), Odisha, Jharkhand and Bihar.

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11

Ajmal Ali, Mohammad. "Neurological potency of native plants from sub-Himalayan West Bengal through reverse pharmacology." Bioinformation 19, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630019995.

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Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and epilepsy, pose a growing global health challenge due to an aging population. These conditions share common processes, including protein accumulation, oxidative stress, and neuro-inflammation, making their treatment complex and costly. Network pharmacology, an innovative approach integrating systems biology and computational biology, offers insights into multi-target formulations and the repurposing of existing medications for neurodegenerative diseases. We shortlisted 730 bioactive compounds from 25 traditional Himalayan plants, assessed their drug-like properties using ADME criteria, and predicted their potential target proteins through reverse docking and pharmacophore mapping. Our study identified 287 compounds with high gastrointestinal absorption and good blood-brain barrier permeability. These compounds were subjected to target prediction, yielding a list of 171 potential target proteins. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis highlighted their involvement in steroid hormone-related pathways, MAPK signaling, FOXO signaling, TNF signaling, VEGF signaling, and neurotrophin signaling. Importantly, one plant, Valeriana jatamansi, exhibited an association with beta-amyloid binding activity, a potential therapeutic approach for AD. From our study we could understand how these plants modulate our body to manage these diseases. However, further in vitro and in vivo validation is needed before commercial and public use of this data.

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12

Bhattacherjee, Sharmistha, Saikat Datta, Kuntala Ray, and DiptaKanti Mukhopadhyay. "Nutrient adequacy and its correlation in a sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal, India." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 5, no. 2 (2016): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.192315.

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13

Mukhopadhyay, Samir Kumar, Sudha Gupta, A. P. Das, and Subir Bera. "The beekeeping potential of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India: A palynological assessment of honey." Journal of Apicultural Research 46, no. 3 (January 2007): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2007.11101389.

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14

Biswas, Subir. "The Dhimals – A Little Known Tribal Group of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal: Historical Perspectives." Studies of Tribes and Tribals 6, no. 2 (December 2008): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972639x.2008.11886585.

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15

Pan, S., S. K. Misra, and M. S. Kundu. "Ghoongroo pig: A new found animal genetic resource of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." Animal Genetic Resources Information 37 (April 2005): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002005.

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SummaryA breed of pig with distinctive productive and reproductive characteristics has been identified in the eastern Sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal state, India and adjoining Nepal. The breed is known as Ghoongroo (meaning anklet in the local language). The breed is most prevalent within 88° E to 90° E longitudes and 26.3° N to 27.3° N latitudes. Two distinct climates viz., cold moist and hot humid are observed during the year. Farmers manage the animals both under stall-feeding and stall-feeding-cum-grazing systems. Simple housing principally made up of bamboo and jute stick is used with an emphasis on giving protection from the rain.The population in the breeding tract varies depending on market demand. Generally, the population varies from 8 000 to 10 0000. Pigs are black in colour with a compact body, long thick coarse hair, a long tail and an upwardly curved snout. The face is broad and flattened with large, heart shaped ear resembling that of an elephant. Average litter size at birth is11.92±0.06 and a litter size of up to eighteen is not uncommon on a low to medium plane of nutrition. Body weights at birth, five months and one year of age are 1.08±0.22, 38.91± 1.49 and 106.3±0.31 kg respectively, irrespective of sex.This unique germ plasma has the potential to replace exotic breeds from temperate zones currently used in improved pig production programs. However the breed is under constant threat due to indiscriminate crossbreeding with other varieties. Thus the immediate implementation of conservation and improvement programs is essential to salvage the breed.

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16

Mukherjee, Mainak, Sourav Chakraborty, Sahadeb Sarkar, Sumedha Saha, Soumya Majumder, Arindam Ghosh, and Malay Bhattacharya. "Soil Nutritional Status of Tea Plantations in Plains of Sub Himalayan West Bengal, India." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.3.10.

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Tea is the most consumed beverages after water. In Terai and Dooars region of sub Himalayan West Bengal, India, tea plantations are around 150 years. Exploitation of tea garden soil over centuries has led to decline in soil fertility and crop productivity after all initiatives of external inputs. As nutrients play a crucial role in quality and quantity of manufactured tea, the present initiative has been designed to quantify the soil nutrient status of tea growing Terai and Dooars region. 79.62% (Terai) and 84.72% (Dooars) of the soil samples were found to have normal pH. 47.21% (Terai) and 49.3% (Dooars) of soil samples was found to have normal organic carbon. 12.03% and 20.82% of soil from Terai and Dooars showed low total nitrogen. Both the organic carbon and nitrogen in soil are positively correlated. Phosphorus (as P2O5) content of soil is extremely site and depth specific. Almost all samples of the study area showed high potassium (as K2O) content. Monoculture, change in rainfall pattern and inorganic additives have contributed enormous stress to soil but despite of all these odds the overall nutritional richness of these tea growing regions seems to be satisfactory.

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17

Bharati, Minu, Priyanka Rai, and Dhiraj Saha. "Insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus Skuse from sub-Himalayan districts of West Bengal, India." Acta Tropica 192 (April 2019): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.007.

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18

CHAKRABORTY, PK, and R. BONDYOPADHAYA. "Solar effect on rainfall in West Bengal." MAUSAM 37, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v37i2.2360.

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The General characteristics of rainfall and it's correlation with sunspot during 1931-81 over 8 stations in West Bengal have been studied. An average dispersion of ~ 20% has been noticed with an increasing tendency for decreasing latitude. Three years moving average analysis reveals that whenever the sunspot number increases or decreases the rainfall does so almost simultaneously except during solar max. years. But average period of rainfall cycle is half of the period of solar cycle, i.e., 5.5 years, a period compatible with the southern oscillation. Moreover, in SS maximum years the rainfall decreases with the increase of SS number. Calculations of average rainfall during different sunspot phases indicate that the annual rate of rainfall is greater during solar maximum to minimum phase than that during minimum to maximum phase. However, the difference in the annual rates is not much, only 15% for two stations and much less for other stations. Using a growth rate model it is found that in 69% cases the rainfall decreases as sunspot number decreases. Further when the growth rate and other studies of rainfall in Sub Himalayan West Bengal and Gangetic West Bengal arc made separately it appears that the rainfall of these two regions are oppositely affected by solar activities. The correlation coefficients between rainfall and sunspot of same year, of previous year and of two years before have come out as <= + 0.35 and mostly it is positive. Further, sunspot's influence seems to be most effective on rainfall of the following year.

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19

Sarkar, Tanushree, Arup Karmakar, Arnab Saha, Aniruddha Saha, and Dipanwita Saha. "In vitro bio-control of Fusarium equiseti infecting Trichosanthes dioica from sub-Himalayan, West Bengal." Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 26, no. 1 (2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0163.2018.00052.6.

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20

Jana, J. C. "USE OF TRADITIONAL AND UNDERUTILIZED LEAFY VEGETABLES OF SUB-HIMALAYAN TERAI REGION OF WEST BENGAL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 752 (September 2007): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.752.107.

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21

BHOWMICK, NILESH, and Saidiksha Subba. "Heat unit requirement and performances of litchi under Sub-Himalayan terai region of West Bengal." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 17, no. 1 (September 29, 2022): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v17i1.1202.

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To determine the heat unit requirement and assess its subsequent effects on flowering and fruiting characteristics, a field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 with seven cultivars of litchi viz., Calcuttia, Elaichi, Bedana, Bombai, China, Shahi and Muzaffarpur in randomized block design. Bedana showed better result in terms of maximum fruit weight (17.88g), lowest seed content (10.84%), maximum fruit diameter (3.01 cm), maximum fruit volume (18.70 ml), highest TSS (15.870 Brix), total sugar (15.96%), reducing sugar (12.61%), and ascorbic acid (29.47 mg/100g) content.

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22

Pradhan, Deparna, Gunja Kumari, and Kalyan Kanti Das. "Production and Problems in Large Cardamom Cultivation in the Sub- Himalayan Region of West Bengal." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.004.

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Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum), locally known as ‘alaichi’, is commonly referred to as the queen of spices. India happens to be the second largest producer of this age old spice and shares about 37% of its global production. The present study attempts to analyze the financial & economic performance of Large Cardamom cultivation with the help of primary data collected from 60 randomly selected sample farmers from Kalimpong district of West Bengal during 2019-2020. It is cultivated as one of the most important cash crops in the study area. Garrett’s ranking technique is used to identify the major constraints faced during production of large cardamom. Discounted method of financial feasibility analysis explores Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) to be 3.01 and Net Present Value (NPV) to be ₹1, 99,929.92 (per ha per annum) at 7 percent discount rate confirming the financial viability and profitability of large cardamom cultivation. It is found that the crop exhibits upward trend in yield with its age and attains the ‘maxima’ at 6th year, in general. The net return is found to be highest between the age group of 4 to 6 years, 6thyear age garden giving the optimum yield and return. Attack of pest and disease is the major problem expressed by majority of the farmers along with other problems. Proper and timely technical guidance & suitable government initiative for development of ‘fore-warning system’, as well as establishment of newer plantation need to be encouraged with feasible assistance from the concerned line department(s).

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23

TYAGI, AJIT. "Thunderstorm climatology over Indian region." MAUSAM 58, no. 2 (November 27, 2021): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v58i2.1204.

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Thunderstorm is a severe weather phenomenon, the impact of which is being increasingly felt by all the sectors of society. In this study attempt has been made to develop thunderstorm climatology over Indian region based on latest representative climatological data. In all, data of 450 observatories comprising of 390 IMD observatories, 50 IAF observatories, six Bangladesh observatories, two Pakistan observatories, and one each in Nepal and Sri Lanka have been analysed. Inclusion of climatological data of Indian Air Force and Bangladesh has helped in developing representative climatology over Indian region. The study has brought out higher (100-120 days) annual frequency of thunderstorm as compared to those given by earlier studies (80-100 days). The highest annual frequency (100-120 days) is observed over Assam and Sub Himalayan West Bengal in the east and Jammu region in the north. The lowest frequency (less than 5 days) is observed over Ladakh region. In the plains Gangetic West Bengal and Bangladesh record between 80 and 100 days of thunderstorm annually. Kerala records highest (80-100 days) thunderstorm frequency of thunderstorm over peninsula. Udhampur observatory (132 days) in Jammu sub-division records highest number of thunderstorms in the country followed by Kumbhigram (Silchar) observatory (129 days) in south Assam and Hasimara (123 days) in Sub Himalayan West Bengal. In the plains Saurashtra and Kutch record lowest number (less than 15 days) of thunderstorm in the country. Thunderstorms are primarily short lived mesoscale weather phenomena. Existing synoptic network of part time observatories have limitations in recording all the occurrences of thunderstorms at the observatory and adjoining areas. Inclusion of data from such observatories results in lower frequency of the event and vitiates climatology. Efforts have been made in this study to develop thunderstorm climatology by using quality data of full time current weather (Airport) observatories, class I and selected class II IMD observatories. Since number of full time observatories in most of the sub divisions is few, the study is not able to bring out finer spatial variation of thunderstorm activity with in sub-divisions. Thunderstorm is a high impact severe weather event, which affects all the sectors of the society. Therefore, both from operational and climatological point of view, there is urgent need to establish at least one full time current weather observatory in each district to ensure proper reporting of all thunderstorm occurrences and to build district level thunderstorm climatology in the country.

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24

Roy, Nirmal Chandra, and Debasish Biswas. "Closed Tea Estates: A Case Study of the Dooars Region of West Bengal, India." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, no. 3 (July 30, 2018): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262918788231.

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Since the end of the nineteenth century, it has been found that there has been a steady trend of the closure of tea estates in the sub-Himalayan region of Bengal. Besides that, a number of tea estates in the same region have not been operating properly. All these have made workers vulnerable. But this tea-producing region is monadic, and it produced during 2016–2017 358.53 million kg of tea; whereas the total production of India was 1,250.49 million kg. Evidence shows that 16 tea estates of the Duncan Group alone had been virtually closed in 2015 in the Dooars region. As a consequence, nearly 20,000 workers became jobless and subsequently several workers of the closed tea estates died of starvation and malnutrition. Further, some records have mentioned that from 2000 to 2015, 1,400 people had died in 17 closed tea estates in West Bengal. A lion’s portion of deaths has occurred in the Dooars region. In this case, an attempt has been made to unveil the root causes of the closure of tea estates located in the Dooars region in West Bengal.

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Mandal, Sujit, Aratrik Pal, and Monoranjan Chowdhury. "Study on Spikelet Morphology of Some Indian Grasses (Poaceae)." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 13, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2021.v13i01.001.

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Poaceae (Graminae) is the most species-rich vascular flowering plant family that includes many economically valuable food crops consumed by human beings in different parts of the World. Grasses are most common floral component of all kind of vegetation and they grow in marshy lowland to higher altitude i.e., subalpine to alpine environment. Identification at the species level becomes extremely difficult in grasses and only the revelation of detailed spikelet structures can only provide a satisfactory result. Present work studied detailed morphology of various parts of spikelet of some grass from sub-Himalayan West Bengal along with their suitable illustrations.

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Chatterjee, Asitava, Shuvadip Adhikari, Sudin Pal, and Subhra Kumar Mukhopadhyay. "Community Structure of Migratory Waterbirds at Two Important Wintering Sites in a Sub-Himalayan Forest Tract in West Bengal, India." Ring 42, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2020-0002.

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Abstract The waterbird community structures of two sub-Himalayan wetlands (Nararthali and Rasomati) situated in forested areas were compared during the wintering period. These wetlands had similar geophysical features but were subject to different conservation efforts. Sixty species of waterbirds, including four globally threatened species, were recorded during the study. Nararthali was found to be more densely inhabited (116.05±22.69 ind./ha) by birds than Rasomati (76.55±26.47 ind./ha). Density increased by 44.6% at Nararthali and by 59% at Rasomati over the years of the study, from 2008 to 2015. Winter visitors increased considerably at Nararthali (66.2%), while a 71.1% decrease at Rasomati clearly indicated degradation of habitat quality at that site during the later years. Luxuriant growth of Eichhornia crassipes, siltation, poor maintenance and unregulated tourist activities were the key factors leading to the rapid degradation of Rasomati. Nararthali, on the other hand, a well-managed wetland habitat, showed an increasing trend in bird densities. Therefore, poor habitat management and rapid habitat alterations were observed to be the main reasons for depletion of bird density in the wetlands of eastern sub-Himalayan forest regions.

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27

Saha, Bikram, D. Saha, and Aniruddha Saha. "Begomovirus causing leaf curl disease in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 7, no. 1 (2013): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2013.v07i01.005.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is an extensively cultivated vegetable crop in India. In the year 2009, a survey was conducted to find leaf curls of tomato in different locations of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India. During the survey a severe leaf curl disease was observed. The characteristic disease symptoms (puckered leaves) and presence of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) population indicated the possibility of begomovirus infection. Total DNA was extracted from the infected samples and PCR was carried out using begomovirus specific primers. An amplicon of expected size ( ̴1280 bp) was found when PALIc1960 and PARIv722 were used as primers in agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR Amplicons of two samples (collected from two different places of present study area) were cloned and sequenced (GenBank accession nos. HM856626 and HM856627). The sequence data analysis of partial coat protein gene (AV1), full replication enhancer protein gene (AC3) and partial transcription activator protein gene (AC2) of 831 nt revealed highest 98% similarities with several isolates of Tobacco curly shoot virus (TBCSV) at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. The phylogenetic analysis also showed close relationship of the present isolates with different variants of TbCSV. Based on highest sequence similarities and closest relationships with TbCSV the viruses (present in infected tomato plants) were considered as Begomovirus. Transmission of the virus in tomato could not be done by sap transmission procedure. In experimental insect transmission tests, test plants showed symptoms very much like the natural symptoms. Artificial transmission was confirmed by comparing the PCR Amplicons raised from the experimentally infected plants.

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28

G N, RAHA, BANDYOPADHYAY S, and DAS S. "Heavy rainfall analysis over Teesta catchment and adjoining areas of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim." MAUSAM 71, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i1.12.

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Heavy rainfall (HRF) forecasting in hilly region is always a challenge to the operational forecasters. Synoptic Analogue Model (SAM) is considered as one of the useful tools for HRF forecasting in topographically influenced hilly regions. In every monsoon season, the Teesta river catchment and its adjoining areas in Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim (SHWB-S) generally receive several events of HRF. With the primary objective to find the method to issue HRF warning over Teesta river catchment and adjoining areas in SHWB-S, a SAM has been developed by analyzing 18 years (1998-2015) data comprising prevailing synoptic situations affecting the area and daily rainfall data of subsequent day of HRF. In addition, impact of different synoptic systems on the distribution of HRF has also been studied. The results revealed that there exists a good agreement between daily HRF warnings issued with the corresponding HRF event observed over this region on the next day.

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Bhowmik, M. K., and T. Chakraborty. "Status and distribution of Hog Deer (Axis porcinus) in protected areas of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal." Zoos' Print Journal 14, no. 11 (October 21, 1999): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.14.11.151-2.

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Pradhan, Deparna, Gunja Kumari, and Kalyan Kanti Das. "Marketing of Large Cardamom and its Related Problems in the Sub- Himalayan regions of West Bengal." JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION 34, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 6856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26725/jee.2022.3.34.6856-6863.

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GORE, P. G., and A. B. CHAVAN. "Probabilities of wet spells over North Eastern India leading to flood condition." MAUSAM 64, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i3.729.

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Hkkjh o"kkZ ds dkj.k Åijh tyxzg.k {ks=ksa ls uhps dh vksj cgus okys ty ds vR;kf/kd rst izokgksa dks lekfgr djus ds fy, ufn;ksa ds rVksa ds vanj dh rjQ vi;kZIr LFkku gksus ds dkj.k ck<+ vkrh gSA vle vkSj es?kky; ds mi[kaMksa vkSj Hkkjr ds mRrjh iwohZ Hkkxksa ds mifgeky; if’pe caxky ds {ks= nf{k.k if’peh ekWulwu _rq ds le; ck<+ ls xzLr jgrs gSaA bl v/;;u esa vle vkSj es?kky; ds mi[kaMksa rFkk mifgeky; ds if’peh caxky ds dqN pqfuank ftyksa esa yxkrkj o"kkZ okys 2 vkSj 3 lIrkgksa ds lqfuf’pr Fkzs’kksYM eku ds vk/kkj ij igys Øe ds ekdksZo psu ekWMy }kjk vkdfyr fd, x, laHkkoukvksa dks crkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA dqNsd fo’ks"k {ks=ksa ds fy, Hkkjh o"kkZ dh laHkkouk okyh vof/k;ksa dk irk yxk;k x;k gS tc o"kkZ dk ckSNkjksa dh laHkkouk,¡ 80 izfr’kr ls vf/kd gksus ij mu {ks=ks esa Hkkjh o"kkZ dh psrkouh vkSj muls fuiVus dh ;kstuk cukbZ tk ldrh gSA Floods are caused by the inadequate capacity within the banks of rivers to contain the high flows brought down from the upper catchments due to heavy rainfall. The sub-divisions Assam and Meghalaya and Sub-Himalayan West Bengal from northeastern parts of India are prone to flood conditions in the southwest monsoon season. In the present study an attempt has been made to give the probabilities computed by first order Markov chain model with certain threshold value for 2 and 3 consecutive wet weeks for selected districts of the sub-divisions Assam and Meghalaya and Sub-Himalayan West Bengal. The critical periods identified for certain region when probabilities of wet spells exceed 80% may lead to give awareness and planning for heavy rainfall in those areas.

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Datta, S., and J. C. Jana. "Growth, yield and important quality attributes chilli (Capsicumsp.) genotypes under the Sub Himalayan tracts of West Bengal." Indian Journal of Horticulture 73, no. 1 (2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2016.00020.7.

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Das, DilipKumar, Indranil Chakraborty, AsitKumar Biswas, Romy Biswas, PuranKumar Sharma, and AkhilBandhu Biswas. "Goiter prevalence, urinary iodine, and salt iodization level in sub-Himalayan Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India." Indian Journal of Public Health 58, no. 2 (2014): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-557x.132291.

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34

Karmakar, Arup, Prosenjit Chakraborty, Tanushree Sarkar, Shibu Das, Arnab Saha, Dipanwita Saha, and Aniruddha Saha. "Prevalence of begomoviruses associated with tomato leaf curl disease in the sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 10, no. 1 (2016): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2016.v10i01.007.

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Tomato is a solanaceous crop and one of the most economically important vegetables in the world. India ranks second in total production of tomato in the world. It has been referred to as a “functional food”, a food that goes beyond providing just basic nutrient. To LCD is one of the major constraints to tomato production in India. To study the disease incidence of tomato, a survey was made in the tomato crop growing fields of Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar and Uttar Dinajpur districts of sub-Himalayan West Bengal during December 2015 to February 2016 and several infected and healthy leaf samples were collected based on the morphological symptoms like-vein cleaning, leaf curling, leaf deformations and stunted growth of plants. Disease incidence ranged from 70% to 86.66% of the collected samples from different districts. All the samples collected from the present study area were tested by PCR with DengA and DengB primer and expected amplicon of ̴ 530bp was found. Two randomly selected PCR positive samples were sequence and analyzed (Acc. Nos KX108859 and KX108860). The SLG-1 isolate (Acc. No. KX108859) showed 95 % nt identity with ToLCKV (Acc. No. KP178730) and the ISL-1 isolate (Acc. No. KX108860) showed 96% nt identity with ToLCNDV (Acc. No. KC513822). The threat of begomoviral spread to the north-eastern part of India has been taken into consideration.

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Rai, Priyanka, Minu Bharati, and Dhiraj Saha. "Insecticide resistance to Temephos and synthetic Pyrethroids in Culex quinquefasciatus say from sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 40, no. 4 (March 9, 2020): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00135-6.

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Pal, P. K. "Success Status of Government Development Programmes: An Experience from Cooch Behar District,West Bengal, India." Asian Review of Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2012.1.1.1186.

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Based on the demographic data of 2001 census, a total number of 4,612 revenue villages have been identified by the Panchayat and Rural Development Department, Govt. of West Bengal, India as the most backward in the state. Cooch Behar (one of the sub Himalayan district of the said state) also had declared 52 (fifty two) villages as backward in two consecutive phases. Some extra developmental impetus had been given in those villages to facilitate growth and prosperity. The present investigation was undertaken in the backward villages of Cooch Behar District of West Bengal (India) to study the success status of government development programmes running in the villages. A sample of 10% families was taken randomly for the study. Besides analyzing the secondary data obtained from ICDS projects (Integrated Child Development Project) and village Panchayat, an index called Composite Success Index (CSI) was developed for assessing the present status of success of the development programmes undertaken by the government agencies. The study revealed that the success of development programmes were low to medium in most of the villages. It is also revealed that success status is more where backwardness is more i.e. more backward villages achieved more success with respect to implementation of different development programmes.

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Bikash Oraon, Uday, Lourembam Sanajaoba Singh, and Jayanta Tarafdar. "First Report of Whitefly Transmitted Begomovirus Infecting Chilli in Sub-Himalayan Zone (Cooch Behar) of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 12 (December 10, 2017): 2960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.612.345.

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Surath Kumar, P., Gopal Shukla, Vineeta Anon, Pankaj Panwar, and Sumit Chakravarty. "Sporadic Flowering in <I>Bambusa balcooa</I> in Sub-Himalayan Region of West Bengal." Indian Forester 147, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2021/v147i4/153689.

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Chakrabarti, S., and R. K. Pandit. "Two new genera and four new species of Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." International Journal of Acarology 35, no. 2 (June 23, 2009): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647950902984544.

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40

Mookherjee, Saikat, Ganesh Chandra Malik, Subhendu Bandyopadhyay, and Biplab Mitra. "Growth physiology of Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson under integrated nutrient management and seed soaking approaches in eastern sub-Himalayan plains." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.437.

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The field experiment was conducted at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during rabi 2007-08 to 2008-09 to study the growth and productivity of yellow sarson under different nutrient managementi practices and pre-sowing seed soaking. The highest value of LAI (4.00), apart from the maximum plant height (129.97cm), dry matter accumulation (481.93g m-2) at 90 days, crop growth rate (12.29 g m-2 day-1) in between 45 to 60 days, root dry weight (1.645 g plant-1) with the highest average root diameter (0.932 mm) were observed in treatments receiving 75% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer with farm yard manure, Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria as non-chemical source. Similarly at 45 days of crop age, significantly higher stomatal conductance (701.68 m mol m-2 s-1) and transpiration rate (4.55 m mol m-2 s-1) were reflected by the same treatment combination. These were attributed to the production of maximum seed yield (1374 kg ha-1), which was 39.91% higher than the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer application. On an average, seeds soaked with water before sowing reflected 9% lesser yield (1103 kg ha-1) against chemical soaking. Yellow sarson crop grown with integrated nutrient management practice consisting 75% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer along with farm yard manure (5t ha-1), Azotobacter (5kg ha-1) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (5kg ha-1) coupled with seed soaking in 100ppm KH2PO4 confirms to be the best treatment combination from the treatment schedule considered during the study for the sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal, India in terms of crop growth and productivity.

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Dey, Tanusri, Dinesha S, Manendra Singh, Arshad A, Mendup Tamang, Shahina N. N, Arun Jyoti Nath, Gopal Shukla, and Sumit Chakravarty. "Prioritizing Tree-Based Systems for Optimizing Carbon Sink in the Indian Sub-Himalayan Region." Land 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061155.

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Land use of the sub-Himalayan region is not that intensive like the intensively land-managed region of Punjab, India. Land resources of the sub-Himalayas must be managed effectively for sustainable development by preparing carbon inventories and data banks. Such macro-level studies have not been conducted yet in the present study area, and thus were conducted to suggest sustainable land use management options. To achieve the present study’s desired goal, 33 tree-based land uses were identified from forested and agricultural landscapes of the sub-humid tropical region of West Bengal, India. Stratified random nested quadrat sampling was adopted for the study. The SOC, biomass, and carbon accumulation significantly differed. Mixed forests had the highest soil primary nutrients and carbon stock. Positive correlations were observed between SOC, total standing biomass, litter production, and ecosystem carbon. The sequence of land uses based on carbon stock was mixed-species forest > sole tree species stands in a forest landscape > tea plantations > homegardens. This baseline information can be used for developing prediction models for future interventions towards sustainable land management. The study, however, could not estimate the carbon fluxes in and out of the systems due to the absence of detailed land use land-cover databases.

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Bagchi, Nilay Ranjan. "Contributors and associated risk factors of neonatal mortality in a tertiary care hospital in the sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20223421.

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Background: Lack of revision of knowledge on the magnitude of problem, cause and factors associated with neonatal mortality hampering early interventions and thus preventing reduction of neonatal mortality rate in India. Neonatal mortality statistics are sensitive indicators of the utility, convenience and effectiveness of maternal child health service in the community. This study was done to see the mortality pattern of neonates and contributing factors at the special newborn care unit (SNCU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a rural tertiary care hospital so that special attention to those cause and factors can lead to favourable outcomes.Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study done in the SNCU and NICU of rural tertiary care centre of West Bengal for a period of three years with neonates admitted before 28 days of life. Data were collected in pre-designed proforma by analysing the case sheets from the records section of the hospital. Results were analysed by descriptive analytical method.Results: Total 13738 babies were admitted in the study period (7143 inborn and 6595 outborn). Majority of the inborns (86.8%) and outborns (68.4%) were discharged during that period while 9.4% inborns and 19.5% outborns were expired and only those expired cases were included in this study. HIE/moderate-severe birth asphyxia (41.2%) was the major contributor of death in inborns but in outborns the most common contributor of death was sepsis/pneumonia/meningitis (34.8%). Prematurity and low birth weight were the most common associated risk factors in both the groups.Conclusions: This study delineating the mortality patterns and associated risk factors of neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital of West Bengal which is unique in its kind. Outcome analysis showed that neonatal mortality rate for outborn babies was higher than in relevant recent studies.

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Jana, J. C., S. Guha, and R. Chatterjee. "Effect of planting geometry and nitrogen levels on crop growth, fruit yield and quality in okra grown during early winter in terai zone of West Bengal." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v5i1.488.

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A field-experiment was conducted in early winter of 2006 and 2007 under sub-Himalayan terai agroclimatic region of West Bengal to evaluate comparative effect of planting geometry and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and fruit quality in okra variety Arka Anamika. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice, with four levels of nitrogen, viz., 50 kg, 100 kg, 150 kg and 200 kg ha-1 and four different spacings viz., 30 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 30 cm, 45 cm x 30 cm and 60 cm x 30 cm. Among different treatment combinations, application of 150 kg N ha-1 and 45 cm x 30 cm spacing recorded the highest number of fruits plant-1 (13.7), individual fruit weight (18.5 gm), fruit yield plant-1 (195.0 g), fruit yield ha-1 (12.2 t) and Vitamin C content in fruits (25.3 mg /100 g). Fertilization with 200 kg N ha-1 and 45 cm x 30 cm spacing recorded the highest value for nitrate content in fruits (658.1 mg kg-1). The study amply revealed scope for growing okra crop profitably during early winter season of mild, cool temperature by adopting nitrogen levels of 150 kg ha-1 with plant spacing of 45 cm x 30 cm in the terai agro-climatic region of West Bengal.

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Mandal, Arkamitra, Nirmalendu Samajpati, and Subir Bera. "A new species of Meliolinites (fossil Meliolales) from the Neogene sediments of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." Nova Hedwigia 92, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0092-0435.

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Mitra, Suman, Asit Kumar Roy, and Lakpa Tamang. "Assessing the Status of Changing Channel Regimes of Balason and Mahananda River in the Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." Earth Systems and Environment 4, no. 2 (June 2020): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41748-020-00160-y.

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Das, Santanu, Biplab Mitra, Satish Kumar Luthra, Asok Saha, Mohamed M. Hassan, and Akbar Hossain. "Study on Morphological, Physiological Characteristics and Yields of Twenty-One Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Grown in Eastern Sub-Himalayan Plains of India." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020335.

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The present study was conducted in the eastern sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal, India, to evaluate 21 potato cultivars (including table- and processing-type) and assess their suitability in terms of improved physiological responses, yield performances, stability and profitability. A significant difference in various growth attributes, i.e., plant height, number of stems per plant, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, and crop growth rate (CGR), was noted amongst different cultivars. Significant variation was also observed in net photosynthesis rate (NPR), transpiration rate (TR), and stomatal conductance rate (SCR) recorded at various stages of growth. Amongst all the cultivars, ‘Kufri Chipsona-4’ showed the highest SCR at both 60 and 80 days after planting (DAP), while ‘Kufri Pokhraj’ had the highest NPR at both 60 and 80 DAP. However, the highest TR was achieved with ‘Kufri Chipsona-3’and ‘Kufri Surya’ at 60 and 80 DAP, respectively. ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ and ‘Kufri Himsona’ achieved the maximum and minimum tuber bulking rate (TBR) values at initial growth stages (upto 60 days), respectively; however, ‘Kufri Arun’ and ‘Kufri Surya’ had significantly higher TBRs during the later part of growth (after 60 days to maturity), leading to higher tuber yields amongst the medium maturing cultivars. Among the 21 cultivars, ‘Kufri Arun’ showed the maximum total tuber yield (35.52 t/ha), followed by ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ (33.54 t/ha) with higher marketable grade tubers. In terms of production economics, ‘Kufri Arun’ achieved the maximum net return (USD 2137.4) and B:C (benefit:cost) ratio (2.17), suggesting the suitability of this cultivar in the eastern sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal. The early maturing ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ and processing variety ‘Kufri Chipsona-3’ also showed their suitability in terms of net returns and B:C ratio. The heat-tolerant variety ‘Kufri Surya’ also achieved a tuber yield of 31 tha−1 with satisfying net return (USD 1596.9) and B:C ratio (1.88), suggesting the suitability of this cultivar in this region under terminal heat stress. However, the stability analysis showed that the cultivars ‘Kufri Khyati’ and ‘HPS II/67’ were the most stable in terms of additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) stability value (ASV) and yield stability index (YSI), respectively.

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Biswas, Dilip Kumar, Rama Bhunia, and Abhijit Mukherjee. "Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders among school student of Purba Medinipur, 2018: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 4934. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195083.

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Background: Iodine deficiency disorder is one of the preventable public health diseases in India. Prevalence of goiter is also still prevalence at sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal. Study was conducted to assess prevalence of goiter among school students between 6 and 12 years age, to find out urinary excretion of iodine and iodine content in salt sample and to recommend for consuming iodized salt.Methods: We conducted the study among the school students aged 6 to 12 years during the month of June 2018 in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. Multistage cluster sampling method was conducted for selecting the study population. Clinical examination was done by medical officer to detect goiters. Salt and urine samples were taken from the selected students and were sent to State Iodine Monitoring Laboratory, Kolkata for examination of iodine content in household salt samples and urine samples.Results: Total 2821 students were examined for survey. Over all prevalence of goiter was 3.75% (109/2821). Girls had more prevalence 4.63% than boys 3.18%. Average urinary iodine excretion (UIE) level is 184.74% in 30 clusters of 339 urine samples. Only 5.60% showed UIE level ≤100 microgram/liter. Total 541 household salt samples were tested for iodine and average iodine content was 22.85%. Among them 91.5% (495) had iodine ≥15 ppm indicating adequate iodine contents in salt samples.Conclusions:Purba Medinipur may be considered a non-endemic district. We recommended continuing use of iodized salt.

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SINGHA, P., and B. MITRA. "Nitrogen scheduling in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a NDVI sensor under sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal." Journal of Crop and Weed 16, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/09746315.2020.v16.i3.1364.

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Bharati, Minu, and Dhiraj Saha. "Differential expression of carboxylesterases in larva and adult of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) from sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 38, no. 04 (August 2, 2018): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758418000139.

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AbstractCulex quinquefasciatus Say, a widely distributed mosquito in tropical and subtropical areas, is the most important vector of the filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis. In India, filariasis is endemic in 17 States and six Union Territories, putting about 553 million people at risk of infection. Vector control, which aims to prevent pathogen transmission through interventions targeting adult mosquito vectors, is a significant component of control of the disease. Chemical-based control represents a chief strategy in the management of mosquito vectors; however, continuous application of insecticides has led to the development of resistance in many mosquito vectors around the world. The current study aims to observe the variability of expression of carboxylesterase isozymes that play a role in detoxifying insecticides into non-toxic compounds, in different life stages of Culex mosquitoes, to understand levels of insecticide susceptibility that may be used in integrated mosquito management for efficient vector control. C. quinquefasciatus were collected from different localities of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India, and adult and larval bioassays were performed against one organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) and two synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin). The activity of α- and β-carboxylesterases (quantitative assay) were measured in larvae and adults of C. quinquefasciatus using a microplate assay, and measured qualitative expression by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The study shows a differential activity of α- and β-carboxylesterases both in quantitative and qualitative assays. The quantitative assay reveals that larvae exhibit a 12.2-fold higher level activity of α-carboxylesterase and about 5.0-fold higher level of activity of β-carboxylesterase than adults. Some carboxylesterase isozymes, i.e., α-Est I-IV, α-Est VII and α-Est XI-XV were exclusively expressed in larvae, whereas α-Est V-VI and α-Est IX were expressed only in adults. In larvae, all β-Est I-IX were expressed, while in adults only β-Est IV-V was expressed. The results of adult and larval insecticide bioassay are also as per the above findings showing an LC90 value of 0.017 ppm, 0.097 ppm and 0.072 ppm in the larva, and LC90 value of 0.0015 ppm, 0.721 ppm, 0.364 ppm in adults against chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.

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Tamang, Suman, P. S. Medda, and S. Das. "Response of Single Bud Sprout Technique on Different Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Cultivars under Sub-Himalayan Plains of West Bengal." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.3139.

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An experiment was carried out at Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, during 2018−2019 and 2019−2020 to study the response of single bud sprout on six different ginger cultivars viz., Suruchi, Surabhi, Suprabha, Bhaisay, Gorubathan and a Local cultivar. Planting materials were raised from the cut pieces of rhizome weighing 5–6 g containing single bud in po-tray. Thirty-five days old planting materials of each cultivar were laid in randomized block design with four replications. Observations on growth, yield and quality parameters were recorded in the field and in laboratory following standard procedure. Results revealed a significant variation among different cultivar with regards to various attributes. The cultivar Suprabha recorded maximum number of tillers plant-1 after 180 days (5.83) after transplanting followed by Surabhi. Bhaisay recorded maximum number of leaves plant-1, plant height (50.27 cm) and produced significantly higher individual clump (145.59 g) with an average yield of 16.32 t ha-1. The cultivar Bhaisay and Suruchi recorded the maximum number of primary fingers (3.04), however maximum secondary fingers was recorded by Suruchi (6.88) followed by Bhaisay (6.12) with higher length and breadth of primary and secondary finger. With respect to quality attributes, Suprabha had higher essential oil content (2.09%), Gorubathan excelled in oleoresin content (12.25%) and lowest crude fibre content (4.42%) was recorded by Suruchi. The yield and quality of ginger raised through single bud sprout particularly with the cultivar Bhaisay and Suruchi was comparable with conventional system and found as profitable tool for large scale commercial cultivation.

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