Journal articles: 'Sub-Himalayan tribal'

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Biswas, Subir. "The Dhimals – A Little Known Tribal Group of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal: Historical Perspectives." Studies of Tribes and Tribals 6, no. 2 (December 2008): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972639x.2008.11886585.

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Kapoor, Dhiraj, Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj, Dinesh Kumar, and Sunil Kumar Raina. "Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors among Permanently Settled Tribal Individuals in Tribal and Urban Areas in Northern State of Sub-Himalayan Region of India." International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/380597.

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Background.Effect of urban environment on the development of DM and its risk factors is studied with an ecological fallacy due to their study designs that formulate the background for the present study.Objective.To study the prevalence of DM and associated lifestyle related risk factors in traditional tribal individuals residing in tribal area and migrating persons of the same tribe to urban area of sub-Himalayan northern state of India.Methodology.Population based cross-sectional study.Results.A total of 8000 individuals (tribal: 4000; urban: 4000) were recruited. Overall, among urban tribes the prevalence of central obesity (59.0%), overweight (29.3%), stage 1 (22.8%) and stage 2 (5.3%) hypertension, and DM (fasting: 7.8%; OGTT: 8.5%)(P=0.00)was significantly higher than the tribes of tribal area. Based on OGTT, the prevalence of DM was found to be 9.2% among central obese tribes of urban area and 6.7% of tribal area(P=0.00). DM showed a significant high prevalence among urban tribes with prehypertension (urban: 8.3%; tribal: 2.9%;P=0.00), and stage 1 (urban: 14.1%; tribal: 8.7%;P=0.00) and stage 2 (urban: 17.5%; tribal: 13.9%;P=0.59) hypertension.Conclusion. Urban environment showed a changing lifestyle and high prevalence of DM among tribal migrating urban tribes as compared to traditional tribes.

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Bhardwaj, Ashok Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar Raina, Pradeep Bansal, Satya Bhushan, and Vishav Chander. "Community Based Assessment of Biochemical Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural and Tribal Area of Himalayan Region, India." Biochemistry Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/696845.

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Context. Evident change in nutrition and lifestyle among individuals of urban and rural areas raises suspicion for similar change in tribal area population of India.Aim. To study the biochemical risk factor for CVDs in rural and tribal population of Sub-Himalayan state of India.Settings and Design. Cross-sectional study in rural (low altitude) and tribal (high altitude) area of Himachal Pradesh, India.Methodology. Blood lipid profile using standard laboratory methods.Statistical Analysis. Chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis.Results. Total of 900 individuals were studied in both areas. As per Asian criteria, obesity (BMI 27.5–30.0 kg/m2) was observed to be significantly high (P=0.00) as 13.7% in tribal area as compared to 5.5% in rural area. Normal level of TC (<200 mg/dL) and LDL (<130 mg/dL) was observed in the majority of the population of both areas, whereas, at risk level of HDL (<40 mg/dL) was present in half of the population of both rural and tribal areas. The prevalence of borderline to high level of TGs was observed to be 60.2% and 55.2% in rural and tribal (P=0.10) area, respectively.Conclusion. Prevalent abnormal lipid profile in tribal area demands establishment of an effective surveillance system for development of chronic diseases.

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Raina, Sunil Kumar, Vishav Chander, Dinesh Kumar, Sujeet Raina, and Ashok Bhardwaj. "Level of literacy and dementia: A secondary post-hoc analysis from North-West India." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 05, no. 04 (October 2014): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.139983.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: A relation between literacy and dementia has been studied in past and an association has been documented. This is in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. The current study was aimed at investigating the influence of level of literacy on dementia in a sample stratified by geography (Migrant, Urban, Rural and Tribal areas of sub-Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India). Materials and Methods: The study was based on post-hoc analysis of data obtained from a study conducted on elderly population (60 years and above) from selected geographical areas (Migrant, Urban, Rural and Tribal) of Himachal Pradesh state in North-west India. Results: Analysis of variance revealed an effect of education on cognitive scores [F = 2.823, P =0.01], however, post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test did not reveal any significant pairwise comparisons. Discussion: The possibility that education effects dementia needs further evaluation, more so in Indian context.

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CHAKRABARTI, C. S., M. ROY, N. K. SENGUPTA, R. LALTHANTLUANGA, and P. P. MAJUMDER. "Genetic relationships among some tribal groups inhabiting the north-eastern, eastern and sub-Himalayan regions of India." Annals of Human Genetics 66, no. 6 (November 2002): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-1809.2002.00132.x.

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Dixit, Gopal, and Shilpa Vakshasya. "Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants Used By Ethnic and Rural People of Indo- Nepal Sub Himalayan International Border Region of Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR), Uttar Pradesh, India." Plantae Scientia 2, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v2i1.15-18.

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Tribal people are inhabiting indifferent locations of Pilibhit Tiger reserve region of Rohilkhand division of Uttar Pradesh state of India. The study area comprises of second largest forest cover among all the districts of Uttar Pradesh. This manuscript provides information on 21 medicinal plants belonging to 17 angiosperm families which are used by different tribal groups and indigenous people for curing various animal diseases. Few of the important medicinal plants are Achyranthus, Datura, Polygonum, Litsea, Bombax, Azadirachta etc. The use of locally grown, wild medicinal plants for curing different animal ailments was observed to be widespread and prevalent in this area.

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Sarkar, Sobhanjan, Mithun Das, Barun Mukhopadhyay, Chandra Sekhar Chakraborty, and Partha P. Majumder. "Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in two tribal populations of the sub-Himalayan region of India: Ethnic and rural–urban differences." American Journal of Human Biology 17, no. 6 (2005): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20448.

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Borsaikia, Kusum, and Mukul Patar. "Clinicopathological Study of Thyroid Swellings with Some Emphasis on Geographical and Community Distribution: A Hospital Based Analysis." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 24, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2016.v24i2.80.

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Introduction: Thyroid swellings/goiter are still prevalent in north east part of India. Apart from its sub-Himalayan location the areas along the river Brahmaputra suffer from flooding every year and there is also frequent changing of river course, thought to be another reason for iodine depletion in soil of this region(3). Aim: To determine the incidence of thyroid swellings and distribution among different sections of society and geographical areas, and to evaluate the role of FNAC in the diagnosis and management and find out its accuracy by comparing with histopathology. Materials and methods: In the present study, total 212 patients with thyroid swellings attending department of ENT of a state medical college during the period from January 2013 to December 2015 and undergone FNAC at department of Pathology were taken into consideration. Results: Out of 212 cases major fraction (52.83%) were hailed from areas along the Brahmaputra river followed by patients (33.96%) from tea gardens and adjacent areas. Patients belonging to tribal communities constituted 45.28%, whereas patients from tea workers section of society formed the second majority (34.9%). Female male ratio of cases was 5:1. Majority of patients were from 21-40 years age group with mean age of 37.2 years. Cytology results of 212 cases showed colloid goiter 73.58%, adenomatous goiter 8.49%, thyroiditis 9.9%, hurthle cell neoplasm 1.41%, follicular neoplasm 4.24%, papillary carcinoma 1.41%, papillary carcinoma of follicular variant 0.47% and medullary carcinoma in 0.47% cases. Histopathology was possible in 65 cases and compared with FNAC results with accuracy rate of 89.23%. Conclusion: Frequent flooding and changes of river course may be one of the reasons for high prevalence of thyroid swellings and goiter along the Brahmaputra valley apart from its sub-Himalayan location. Consumption polluted drinking water and goitergenous food stuffs may be another reason of high incidence. FNAC is an easy, rapid, reliable, less invasive, low cost technique for diagnosis of thyroid swellings.

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Kapoor, Dhiraj. "PS 12-09 BURDEN OF HYPERTENSION, PREHYPERTENSION AND ASSOCIATED LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS AMONG TRIBALS IN TRIBAL AND URBAN AREA IN THE NORTHERN STATE OF SUB-HIMALAYAN REGION OF INDIA." Journal of Hypertension 34, Supplement 1 (September 2016): e359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000500923.94584.84.

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Chakrabarti, Biplab. "Over the Edge of Information in the Information Age: Informational Behaviour of the Totos: A Small Marginal Tribal Community in Sub-Himalayan North Bengal, India. One Individual Perspective." International Information & Library Review 33, no. 2-3 (June 2001): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2001.10762547.

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Majumder, Nilratan, Balaram Sutradhar, Saradindu Riang, and Shib Sekhar Datta. "A cross-sectional study on iodine status among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura: a North-Eastern state of India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190359.

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Background: Due to excess metabolic demand of iodine in pregnancy, pregnant women and lactating mother and their neonates are most vulnerable of iodine deficiency disorder. Urinary iodine excretion is a good marker of recent dietary iodine intake. Thus, present study was conducted to assess the iodine status and median urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/lit) among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura.Methods: Tribal and Bengali pregnant and non-pregnant women from Bokafa and Jolaibari Block of South Tripura district were included in the study. Urinary iodine excretion was done using simple micro plate method. Salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration. All the tests were performed at CNRT Lab, ICMR, India.Results: Total number of subjects included in this study was 1071. Total number of urine samples collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women was 538 and 533 respectively. Median value of UIE in pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura was 155.0µg/L and 130.0µg/L. In pregnant women percentage prevalence of severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-149µg/L) was found in 4.1%, 15.1% and 29.6% subjects. In case of non-pregnant women severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-99µg/L) was found in 0.6%, 9.6%, 27.8% subjects respectively. The overall prevalence of iodine deficiency was found in 48.8% pregnant women, compared to 38.0% non-pregnant subjects.Conclusions: Efforts towards universal salt iodization need to be stepped-up in Sub-Himalayan region (NE part of India) and pregnant and lactating mothers may be targeted with alternate iodine supplements (Colloidal Iodine).

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Datta, Prabhat Kumar, and Panchali Sen. "Governance in the Sixth Schedule Areas in India’s North-East: Context, Content and Challenges." Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120916885.

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Nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range North-East (N-E) has the ‘seven sisters’—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura, along with a small and beautiful cousin in the Himalayan fringes, namely, Sikkim. Nearly ninety-eight per cent of N-E is surrounded by international boundaries and two per cent with the rest of India. Often known as ‘the ethnic cauldron’, this region is the home of extraordinarily diverse mosaic of ethnic groups having distinctive social, cultural and economic identity, more akin to their South Asia neighbours than mainland India. It is a habitat of a good number of ethnic rebel groups whose agendas vary from complete session from India to fighting for ethnic identities and home lands. The primary objective of the colonial rule in N-E was to ensure its administrative insulation which might have largely contributed to the continuation of the backwardness of the N-E region. It is probably the only political region in the country where every large state is a region unto itself within a sub-continental nation. This uniqueness is found reflected in the legislations and institutions like the North Eastern Council Act, 1971, setting a nodal agency for the economic development of the region with a secretariat of its own and a separate Union Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region created in 2001. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyse the background, context, content and significance of the Sixth Schedule in the Constitution of India which was incorporated to provide self-rule to the tribal population in the N-E India.

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Rawat, Harsha, Anita Rani, and Alka Goel. "Sustainable traditional dyeing of wool by Bhotia tribe in Himalayan region: A case study." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2068.

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Bhotia tribe is one of the community residing in the high Himalayan region of Uttarakhand state that shares the border with Tibet. The tribe is divided into five sub-groups viz., the Jadhs , Marchas, Tolchas , Shaukas and Rung. The present study was conducted in the five villages namely Lata and Chinka from Chamoli, Darkot and Baluwakot from Pithoragarh and Dunda from Uttarkashi of Uttarakhand for exploring the information from different sub-groups of Bhotia tribe about plants used by them for extracting dyes and used for traditional textile coloration in past and during present time. The rich flora of Himalayan region in Uttarakhand has been abode to varieties of plant species. The wild plant species were used by the Bhotia tribals for dyeing their woolen products. These plant dyes were obtained from jangli palak (Rumex nepalensis), bagmaru (Eupatorium), kilmora (Berberis asiatica), akhrot (Juglans regia), dholu (Rheum aystrale), tea leaves, tantri (Rheum moorcroftianum), kaphal (Myrica esculenta), darim (Punica grantum), burans (Rhodendron araborium) and harda (Terminlia chebula). Today only Shauka and Jadh tribals are using natural dyes for dyeing woolen yarn. Reasons for the reduction in usage of natural dyes among Bhotia tribals were the extinction of plant species, change in land use, natural disasters, government restriction on plucking certain plant species, the availability of synthetic dyes and colored yarns at low cost in the market. The identification of factors that led to the non-practice of sustainable dying practice among tribals for woolen craft will help in planning and conducting interventions through public, private and government organizations.

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Sood, Rachit, Saurabh Varshney, Kartikesh Gupta, Nongthombam Surjalata Devi, Narendra Kumar, Amit Kumar Tyagi, and Amit Kumar. "The Impact of Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss on Quality of Life of Sub-Himalayan Population." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8304639.

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Introduction. Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (USNHL) is an age-old known entity. Patients with USNHL lack the merits of binaural hearing, i.e., temporal summation, sound localization, and speech recognition in a noisy environment. The lack of binaural hearing affects such individuals’ quality of life (QOL). The present study is the most extensive Indian series related to QOL in USNHL patients. Objectives. This study aims to assess the impact of USNHL on the QOL of patients in the state of Uttarakhand. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care center in Uttarakhand over a period of 18 months, from January 2018 to July 2019. A total of 115 patients with pure USNHL were evaluated using a validated questionnaire—Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults-Hindi (HHIA-H). Results. In our study, patients with higher HHIA-H scores were male, young adults (age group 18–30 years), students, and laborers. Most of our patients (64%) had significant handicaps, followed by moderate handicaps in 25%. However, no significant correlation of degree of handicap was seen with age, duration, and degree of hearing loss. Conclusion. USNHL can lead to a significant handicap that can severely affect the emotional and social aspects of life. Thus, early diagnosis and rehabilitation are essential to prevent handicap and uplift QOL in patients with USNHL. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI reg. no. CTRI/2018/06/014396).

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Vakshasya, Shilpa, and Gopal Dixit. "Ethnomedicobotany of Different Tribals of Indo Nepal Sub Himalayan International Border Region of Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR) India." Indian Forester 146, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2020/v146i3/144348.

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Sankhyayan, Era. "Comparison of Local Disease Control and Toxicities in Two High Dose Rate Intracavitatory Brachytherapy Dose Fractionation Regimens (7Gy/3# v/s 9Gy/2#) in the Radical Treatment of Carcinoma Cervix: a Prospective Randomized Trial in Sub-Himalayan Region." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2023): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr231206080533.

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Kataria, Neetu, Vasantha C. Kalyani, Anissa Atif Mirza, Vivekanandhan S, Mritunjai Kumar, Yogesh Bharupi, Shashi Ranjan, Nitesh Kumar, and Niraj Kumar. "Association Of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Recurrence of Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Ischemic Stroke- A Randomized Controlled Trial." National Journal of Community Medicine 13, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.131020222420.

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Background: Hyperhomocystenemia and genetic variants are factors for causing young age stroke globally. This study aims to identify homocysteine related-MTHFR gene polymorphism that associated with recur-rent cardiovascular outcomes. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial conducted upon 90 hyperhomocysteinemic ischemic stroke patients were taken from the neurology wards of a tertiary care hospital were randomly selected into vita-min B therapy group and control groups (n=45 in each group). Baseline subject details were collected ve-nous blood sample for MTHFR genetic testing via PCR-RFLP technique along with blood homocysteine lev-els, vitamin B12, folic acid levels. Results: The results showed that the frequency of CT genotype polymorphism was 15.5% vs 13.3% for the MTHFR C677T gene without any significant difference between vitamin group and control group respective-ly (p-value >0.05). The reduction in mean homocysteine up to -6.77±4.50 versus -2.08±0.71 µmol/L in the vitamin group as compared to control group respectively, p value 0.001. Conclusion: Considerable amount of MTHFR gene polymorphism found among hyperhomocysteinemic is-chemic stroke of sub-Himalayan region. Nutritional deficiencies including vitamin B 12 & folic acid, and some hidden reasons found, which could lead to the primary cause of hyperhomocysteinemia. Vitamin B therapy is an effective for reducing homocysteine.

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AHMAD, KALEEM, and Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri. "Kaiphal (Myrica nagi): A Botanical Origin Drug (Dawa) of Unani Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Common Disorders." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 11 (November 15, 2023): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i11.6293.

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Myrica nagi is a celebrity medicinal plant that is distributed in sub-Himalayan regions and holds several pharmacological actions and therapeutic effects along with their economic usage. In Unani System of Medicine (USM), it is well known, as Kaiphal and used in the prevention and the management of several common disorders viz. Amraz-i-Riya (Respiratory disease), Amraz-i-Hazam (Gastrointestinal disease), Amraz-i-Aasab (Nervine disease), and Amraz-i-Bawl (genitourinary disease). Recent clinical studies evaluate that the Kaiphal consist of numerous phytoconstituents viz. tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, glycosides, amino acids, steroids, and volatile oils. These phytoconstituents are responsible for varieties of pharmacological actions viz. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Allergic, Anti-helminthic, Neuroprotective, Nephroprotective, Anti-hypertensive, Anticancer, and Anxiolytic. Conventionally, different parts of Kaiphal are used in asthma, allergic disorder, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, renal disease, and cancer. The physicians of USM described properties and therapeutics uses of Kaiphal but data on safety and efficacy are limited and also lack of attraction of researcher toward a preclinical and clinical trial. Therefore, this review updated the knowledge about pharmacological and therapeutic effects, ethnomedicinal uses, adverse effects, prevention and treatment of common disorders and also focused on future research in the prospective era. Keyword: Kaiphal, Myrica nagi, USM, Phytoconstituents, Asthma

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Dixit, Dr Gopal, and Shilpa Vakshasya. "A SURVEY OF PLANTS USED IN BASKET AND CORDAGE INDUSTRY BY THE TRIBALS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF INDO-NEPAL SUB HIMALAYAN TERAI REGION OF U.P. INDIA." Plantae Scientia 1, no. 04 (November 16, 2018): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v1i04.64-65.

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The present manuscript covers different plants used in traditional cottage industry of rurals. In the present study of 15 plants of 8 Angiospermic families were reported after a number of randomly visits of various remote forest and rural areas of district Pilibhit. Plants parts used for making different articles like baskets, ropes, threads, bags, mats etc.were listed accordingly.

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Majumder, Suranjan, and Indrajit Roy Chowdhury. "Quality of Life and Associated Determinants among Female Tea Garden Workers of Indigenous Communities in Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India: A Cross- Sectional Mixed Methods." Contemporary Voice of Dalit, February 1, 2023, 2455328X2211506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x221150627.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the self-perceived quality of life (QOL) using World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument and associated controlling factors among socio-economically marginalized tribal female tea garden (TG) workers. A cross-sectional mixed-method research design involving both quantitative and qualitative techniques was employed on 378 study samples (18–60 years tribal female TG workers) between February and May 2022 across 10 TGs of Sub-Himalayan north Bengal, India. For the study, both summary statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and percentage distribution) and inferential statistics (Welch’s ANOVA, independent t-test, paired t-test and multivariate regression) were used to understand the dynamics of QOL and respondents narratives were facilitated to investigate the corresponding phenomenal scenario. Results: Findings indicate the QOL of the tribal female workers variably associated with different socioeconomic conditions and subjective well-being. The findings recommend that female tribal TG workers were perceived to have good ‘overall quality of life’ with a response rate of 33.1%, whereas more than 20% of participants respond that they were poor QOL on ‘overall quality of life’ and ‘general health’ items. The findings show lower summary statistics for most items in the environmental domain. Additionally, the study constructs a multivariate model that identifies several factors including socio-economy, neighbourhood, social relation, and others were significantly control the QOL of the study subjects. These outcomes may have important implications for future studies employing WHOQOL-BREF or similar instruments on different communities with distinctive sociocultural characteristics.

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Ganie, Mohd Ashraf, Bashir A. Charoo, Tajali Sahar, Moomin Hussain Bhat, Sheikh Abid Ali, Madiha Niyaz, Shivani Sidana, and Arajmand Yaseen. "Thyroid Function, Urinary Iodine, and Thyroid Antibody Status Among the Tribal Population of Kashmir Valley: Data From Endemic Zone of a Sub-Himalayan Region." Frontiers in Public Health 8 (October 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.555840.

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Soorya, Raj Kumar, Mangla Sood, and Deepika Dhiman. "Clinicolaboratory Profile and Outcome of Serologically Confirmed Scrub Typhus among Children from Sub Himalayan Tribal District of India: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2022/57061.16778.

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Introduction: Scrub typhus is transmitted by the bite of the larva (chigger) of a microscopic trombiculidae mite (Leptotrombidium) found in moist areas and vegetation, which serves as both vector and reservoir. Scrub typhus is an often neglected and misdiagnosed febrile illness; clinical suspicion is the only key to diagnosis. Aim: To study clinicolaboratory profile and outcome of serologically confirmed scrub typhus in children from sub Himalayan tribal district of India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Department of Paediatrics at Government District Hospital, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India, from May 2019 to April 2020. Children upto 18 years admitted with positive Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies for scrub typhus were enrolled. The observational data including detail history and examination, relevant laboratory investigation and treatment was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0 and Chi-square test with p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were total 55 patients with scrub typhus, mean age was 9.2 years, most common age group was 7-12 years, 51% were male. Fever was most common complaint, followed by vomiting (27.3%), abdomen pain (25.4%), respiratory (1.8%), and rash (9%). Clinical examination findings were generalised lymphadenopathy in 46 (83.6%) patients and splenomegaly in 29 (52.7%). Eight patients presented with respiratory signs and tachypnea at the time of admission. Eschar was present in only 3 (5.5%) patients. Sign of meningeal irritation was present in 4 (7.3% cases and low GCS score (below 9) observed in 7 (12.7%) patients. Eight patients required mechanical ventilatory support. Nineteen patients were prescribed doxycycline alone; while 34 were given both azithromycin and doxycycline. There were total five deaths; on multivariate logistic regression, respiratory complaint, need for mechanical ventilation, pain abdomen with liver damage, history of seizures and duration of fever more than 4 days before presentation to hospital were associated with adverse outcome. Conclusion: The prevalence of scrub typhus is considerably high during rainy season, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of fever among children in this period regardless of the presence of an eschar. Immediate medical care, treatment with doxycycline with early defervescence of fever reduce mortality

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Banerjee, Debashmita, and Benrithung Murry. "The Totos of India: Socioeconomic and Demographic Structure of a Particularly Vulnerable Tribe." Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, April 5, 2024, 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jeoh/2024/35726.

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Background: Indigenous populations are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the macroeconomic population. Due to poor social connections, the level of education, socioeconomic advancement, and sickness risk of the tribal population of India were affected. Thus, indigenous cultures are more susceptible to COVID-19. The present research aims to explore the population structure, socio-economic condition, and COVID-19 vaccination status among the Toto population of Alipurduar, West Bengal. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design to collect household data among the Totos (PVTG), a vanishing sub-Himalayan population. The entire Toto community, comprising 294 households with 1374 individuals, was covered in Totopara. Data were collected through a pre-tested, semi-structured schedule and analyzed using Stata 14. Results: Demographic analysis has revealed a sharp decline in the sex ratio and decadal growth rate compared to the 2011 census. From the multiple logistic regression, it has been found that unmarried people were less likely to get fully vaccinated compared to married individuals. The employed population was 1.97 times more fully vaccinated compared to unemployed individuals. Similarly, smartphone non-users were less likely to get fully vaccinated and partially vaccinated compared to those individuals who do possess smartphones (p<0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, inactive government initiatives, low fertility, a lack of community involvement, and the policy inactivity of local institutions are the main causes of negative decadal growth. It is believed that participatory implementation is essential to improving awareness of neglect as well as the acceptance rate of public health care services.

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Das, Ganesh, F. H. Rahman, Sankar Saha, Sandip Hembram, Sujan Biswas, Samima Sultana, Suraj Sarkar, et al. "Pond Renovation for Harvesting and Recycling of Rain Water: An Experimental Trial in Sub Himalayan Terai Region of India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, June 30, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i530403.

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Sub Himalayan Terai region of India falls under heavy rainfall zone and significant amount of rainfall occurs during Kharif season. Whereas in rabi season farmers struggle to cultivated crops due to shortage of water following minimum to no rainfall. To overcome the difficulty, Krishi Vigyan Kendra of this region had taken a initiative in the year 2011 to conserve rain water by renovating ponds so as to harvest and recycle the rain water under the project ‘National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture’ (NICRA). Information on different aspect of livelihood status of farmers was collected from Khagribari village, Cooch Behar, West Bengal before and after renovating of the pond. Information collected before initiation and after implementation of the NICRA programme was statistically analyzed separately for pond owners and adjacent farmers to find out whether pond renovation programme has any significant effect in changing the livelihood status of pond owner and adjacent farmers. It is found from the study that renovation of pond had significantly impact on increasing potato, wheat and fish production and farmers net income generation.

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Das, Ganesh, Sankar Saha, F. H. Rahman, Surajit Sarkar, Sujan Biswas, Sandip Hembram, Prashanta Barman, Samima Sultana, Bikash Roy, and Bablu Ganguly. "Sustainable Irrigation through Renovation of Pond: A Case Study on Change of Crop Production, Irrigation, Cropping Pattern and Cropping Intensity Level in Sub Himalayan Terai Region of India." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, August 3, 2020, 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2130818.

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Terai region of West Bengal fall under high rainfall region but 90% rainfall occurs in kharif season and drought observed during rabi season. NICRA project started in the Cooch Behar District during 2011. The project area and plan of work were selected on the basis of participatory rural appraisal method. The experimental trial was conducted from 2011 to 2019. The objective of the experiment was to development of sustainable irrigation system through renovation of pond and its impact on crop production. It was found from the study that pond renovation has potential impact on increasing crop yield, cropping intensity, copping system and area of irrigation.

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Kumar, Rohit, Arvind Bhatia, Shelja Rawat, Ritu Rawat, Shikha Rawat, and Dilbagh Singh. "PROFILE OF THE PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT PROLENE HERNIA SYSTEM EXTENDED FOR INGUINAL HERNIA IN A TEACHING INSTITUTE IN SUBHIMALAYAN REGION." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, September 15, 2020, 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/5009484.

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Introduction: Worldwide, inguinal hernia repair is probably the most commonly performed general surgical procedure. Hence, a slight refinement of surgical repair of inguinal hernia would mean a substantial benefit to the patient. Aim: The study aimed to study profile of the patients who underwent Prolene Hernia System Extended (PHSE) for Inguinal Hernia in a teaching institute in Sub-Himalayan region. Materials and Methods: This was a controlled study conducted over 30 adult patients of both genders admitted at Dr RPGMC Tanda at Kangra from September 2016 to September 2017. Patients clinically diagnosed with inguinal hernias both direct and indirect on examination were enrolled in the trial after their informed consent. Results: Mean age of the patients was 54.9±13.66 years (range 30 to 80 years). 33% of the patients were elderly. All the patients were males. 43% of the patients were smokers and 53% were consuming alcohol. 20% of the patients had associated co-morbidities. 7% patients had previous history of surgery. Fifty percent of the patients had direct hernia while 33% had indirect hernia. Among 10% patients, it was bubonocele type. Seven patients had complications. Scrotal swelling was the most common welling (n=3) followed by inguinodynia (n=2), and seroma formation and urinary retention in one patient each. Conclusion: PHSE for management of inguinal hernia is associated with better outcomes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sub-Himalayan tribal'

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