Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sub-adult ecology

Academic literature on the topic 'Sub-adult ecology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sub-adult ecology"

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Mojica, Elizabeth K., J. Michael Meyers, Brian A. Millsap, and Katherin L. Haley. "Migration Of Florida Sub-Adult Bald Eagles." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120, no. 2 (June 2008): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-079.1.

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Young, Glen C., Brent S. Wise, and Suzanne G. Ayvazian. "A tagging study on tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix) in Western Australian waters: their movement, exploitation, growth and mortality." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 7 (1999): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98139.

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Recreational anglers fishing for tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix) around Perth, Western Australia, have expressed concern over declining catches during the early 1990s. A total of 3949 undersize (below the legal minimum length of 250 mm), 1015 sub-adult and 143 adult tailor were tagged between November 1994 and August 1996 at 24 sites along 1200 km of Western Australian coastline. Undersize tailor were recaptured at lower rates than sub-adult tailor, and were, on average, at liberty for longer periods. Modelling indicates that fishers under-report undersize fish, probably because of the legal minimum length requirement, and that the natural loss rate is higher for undersize than sub-adult fish. The majority of recaptured undersize and sub-adult fish had moved <25 km, remaining in sheltered estuarine and marine areas. In contrast, recaptured undersize and sub-adult tailor that had become adults while tagged displayed behaviour consistent with a northward or offshore winter movement. Comparisons between tag returns and the annual commercial catch of tailor suggests that recreational fishers take the majority of the total catch of tailor in Western Australia. Growth estimates between 0.41 ± 0.19 and 0.44 ± 0.12 mm day −1 suggest that tailor reach legal size in 18–22 months.
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Reid, Jane M., Eric M. Bignal, Sue Bignal, Maria I. Bogdanova, Pat Monaghan, and Davy I. McCracken. "Diagnosing the timing of demographic bottlenecks: sub-adult survival in red-billed choughs." Journal of Applied Ecology 48, no. 3 (February 24, 2011): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01973.x.

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Anderson, Matthew, Guillermo Giannico, and Steve Jacobs. "Seasonal migrations of adult and sub-adult redband trout in a high desert basin of Eastern Oregon, USA." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 20, no. 3 (February 14, 2011): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00488.x.

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Jarman, P. J., and P. Bayne. "Behavioural Ecology of Petrogale penicillata In Relation to Conservation." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97219.

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Brush-tailed Rock-wallabies Petrogale penicillata are still widely distributed in the gorges on the east of the New England Tablelands of northern NSW, in small (mean &lt;6 adults) colonies, separated by an appreciable distance (median separation 308 m) from neighbouring colonies. Within colonies, established adults occupy a refuge or set of refuges by day, moving away from the colony to forage mainly at night. A set of 1-3 adult females shares a small number of refuges, with one adult male defending access to them and their refuges. A colony contains one or several such sets. Established females occupy refuges persistently, up to at least 4 years and perhaps until death; males also defend their diurnal ranges persistently, but male ranges do change owner through intrusion or supplanting, as well as when the incumbent dies. Sub-adults of both sexes seem to be the dispersing classes, although a daughter may remain, mature and breed in her mother’s range. Only adults established in refuges appear to breed. The most dominant among the females sharing a set of refuges tends to produce more young than do subordinates. The combination of small and separated colonies, dispersal only by naive sub-adults, a strong restriction of mating opportunities within breeding groups, and unequal contribution to breeding even by females, could make P. penicillata prone to predation by agile predators that can learn the locations of their persistently used sites, and to problems of conserving population numbers and allelic diversity. These latter conservation problems can be simply addressed by artificial dispersal (translocation) of appropriate animals.
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Ventura, F., PM Lukacs, JP Granadeiro, R. Matano, and P. Catry. "Demographic responses to environmental change of the black-browed albatross, sentinel of the Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem." Marine Ecology Progress Series 668 (June 24, 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13743.

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In long-lived marine top-predators with delayed sexual maturity such as seabirds, adult survival is predicted to drive population dynamics. Major knowledge gaps exist for the cryptic sub-adult stages of the population. Yet as the oceans undergo dramatic change, investigating the trends of top-predator populations and their responses to environmental variability is key for a process-based understanding of climate change. Using integrated population models based on a longitudinal data set spanning nearly 2 decades, we investigated the demographic rates and environmental drivers shaping the dynamics of a longevous marine top-predator population, the black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris in the Falklands. We quantified the dynamics of the whole population, including its cryptic sub-adult stages, and examined the effects of candidate environmental covariates on adult survival and productivity parameters. We found that high survival rates of both adults and juveniles are the main contributors to the growth of this albatross population, the only one that is increasing in the South Atlantic. The breeding parameters were affected by environmental fluctuations through bottom-up processes, with a negative effect of higher sea surface temperatures and a positive effect of wind intensity. The relatively constant adult survival was influenced by deeper ecosystem changes, captured by large-scale indices (Southern Annular Mode). Approximately half of the total population is composed of sub-adults, and the population dynamics are highly sensitive to changes in juvenile survival; addressing current knowledge gaps in these cryptic life-history stages is therefore a conservation goal of primary importance.
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DAVIES, L. "Long adult life, low reproduction and competition in two sub-Antarctic carabid beetles." Ecological Entomology 12, no. 2 (May 1987): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1987.tb00994.x.

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FAEGRE, SARAH K., LINDSEY NIETMANN, DYLAN HUBL, JAMES C. HA, and RENEE R. HA. "Spatial ecology of the Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi: Implications for management strategies." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 4 (December 26, 2018): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000394.

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SummaryKnowledge of species-specific spatial ecology is critical for applying appropriate management strategies to maximise conservation outcomes. We used radio-telemetry to describe spatial behaviour of the critically endangered, island-endemic Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi. To determine whether management strategies should reflect life stage, we measured the home ranges and daily movements of 22 Mariana Crows. Fledgling mobility was low during the first 31 days post-fledging and effects of age (fledgling or sub-adult) and time (months post-fledging or post-dispersal) were often driven entirely by this period. After controlling for reduced fledgling mobility, cumulative home range size increased over time for both age classes and was, on average, more than twice the area for sub-adults than fledglings. Sub-adults also tended to make longer daily movements than fledglings. Non-cumulative, monthly home range areas did not increase over time but the average overlap in home range area between consecutive months was only 63%, suggesting large shifts in space use each month. These results highlight the dynamic nature of Mariana Crow home ranges and suggest that large-scale management efforts are critical for protecting both breeding and non-breeding individuals. The application of the traditional home range concept to Mariana Crows and other wide-ranging passerine birds may result in sub-optimal management strategies. Instead, we recommend that the spatial and temporal scale of conservation efforts be informed by species-specific spatial behaviour across all relevant life stages.
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Cadieux, Marie-Christine, Gilles Gauthier, and R. John Hughes. "Feeding Ecology of Canada Geese (Branta Canadensis Interior) in Sub-Arctic Inland Tundra During Brood-Rearing." Auk 122, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.1.144.

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AbstractThe diet of adult Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) and their goslings was determined during the brood-rearing season in a freshwater tundra habitat using esophageal contents from 25 adult females, 27 adult males, and 59 goslings. Habitat use by geese and the availability and quality of aboveground biomass in wet sedge meadows and around ponds in lichen-heath tundra were also evaluated throughout the summer. During the first four weeks of brood-rearing, adult Canada Geese ate primarily graminoids (>65%), especially leaves of the short form of Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum spp., which had the highest nitrogen concentration (2.5–3.5%). Although graminoids were also important for goslings, they consumed a greater variety of other plant species (68%) than adults, especially in the first two weeks, possibly because of their inexperience. Late in the brood-rearing period, as the nitrogen concentration of graminoid plants declined, adults shifted to a diet composed mainly of berries (>40%, mostly Empetrum nigrum). At that time, goslings consumed fewer berries (24%) and maintained a higher proportion of nitrogen-rich plants in their diet (53% leaves, mostly graminoids) than adults, presumably to complete their growth. Plant species consumed by geese over the summer indicated a preference for high-quality plants (i.e. those with a high nitrogen concentration). Consequently, wet sedge meadow, the habitat that offered plant species of highest quality, was the habitat most heavily used throughout the summer, particularly around peak hatch. Goose grazing had no effect on seasonal production of aboveground biomass of graminoids, probably because of the relatively low density of the goose population.Écologie alimentaire de Branta canadensis interior pendant la période d’élevage des jeunes dans un milieu d’eau douce sub-arctique
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Mola, Misganaw, Aklilu Ayiza, Muluye Asnakew, and Tiruye Abuye. "Population Status, Diurnal Activity Pattern, Feeding Ecology, and Habitat Association of Colobus Monkey (Colobus guereza) in Saja Forest, Kaffa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Ecology 2022 (October 13, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5090212.

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Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) are endemic to the Ethiopian plateau, distributed in different ecological habitats such as moist and deciduous forests, savanna woodlands, and montane forests. The population status, diurnal activity pattern, feeding ecology, and habitat association of Colobus guereza were investigated in Saja Forest, southwest Ethiopia, from June 2019 to February 2020, covering both wet and dry seasons. A total of 39 different types of transect were systematically established, distributed in both dense forest and in shrubland. Data were collected for 60 days in total across a wet and a dry season, both at dawn and in the afternoon. A total of 246 ± 39.1 individuals were recorded, of which 132 ± 24.4 and 114 ± 14.7 individuals were recorded during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The population and group sizes did not statistically differ between the wet and dry seasons but shrubland habitat had fewer individuals and smaller groups than forest. Out of the recorded Colobus guereza, 33.5% were adult males, 34.5% were adult females, 28% were sub-adult males, 14.5% were sub-adult females, and 12.5% were juveniles/young. Feeding (29.5%) and resting (19.5%) were the most recorded daily activities for Colobus guereza. Young leaves were the largest (31%) contributor to the diet followed by mature leaves (22%) in both seasons. Other common dietary items were shoots (20%), barks (13%), fruits (11%), and flowers (3%). Colobus guereza were observed feeding on a diverse diet of 26 plant species belonging to 21 genera within 21 families. The habitats of these primates are currently diminishing due to anthropogenic activities such as agricultural expansion, human settlement, livestock grazing, and other forms of human wildlife conflict. Furthermore, guerezas are hunted for their skin and are also major sources of meat for the Menja people in the study area. Therefore, awareness creation for local people towards wildlife conservation is needed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sub-adult ecology"

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Wallace, Kevin Michael. "The feeding ecology of yearling, juvenile and sub-adult Nile crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus, in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1300.

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McIntyre, Andrew III. "Behavioral responses of sub-adult Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) to electromagnetic and magnetic fields under laboratory conditions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4866.

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Electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by high voltage (HV), submarine transmission cables leading from offshore wind energy generation facilities could affect foraging or migratory behaviors of electro-receptive fishes, including endangered Atlantic Sturgeon. However, no published studies have quantitatively evaluated the possible behavioral effects of EMF exposure on sturgeon during residence in coastal waters. This study evaluated behavioral responses by sub-adult Atlantic Sturgeon to electromagnetic and magnetic fields under controlled laboratory conditions. Fabricated EMF generators were used to emulate a range of field EMF conditions that migratory fishes could encounter in proximity to submarine HV sources. Sensor arrays and digital video recorders synoptically quantified EMF conditions and fish behaviors during experimental trials. This thesis will describe the unique, experimental EMF generator/sensor array, present results of the behavior study, and suggest implications of the findings for Atlantic Sturgeon management and conservation. 45 trials were conducted over the course of the study. Study fish were subjected to 3 different field strengths (5µT, 100 µT, 1000 µT), generated using both AC and DC current. Time spent in generated field area, number of passes through the field area, and swimming speed were used to quantify behavioral changes in test subjects. From the data collected and analyzed there was no evidence indicating a change in fish behavior due to the influence of field strengths, field orientations, or field types used during the study.
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(13965089), Gail M. Tucker. "Ecology, behaviour and growth of sub-adult koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) on St Bees Island, Central Queensland." Thesis, 2008. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Ecology_behaviour_and_growth_of_sub-adult_koalas_Phascolarctos_cinereus_on_St_Bees_Island_Central_Queensland/21342879.

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Little is known about the growth and behaviours of sub -adult koalas, particularly in a relatively natural environment and stable population. Most studies of this age group have been in over -abundant populations or within fragmented or urban habitats or involve rehabilitated sub -adult koalas. This study looks at sub -adult koalas within a stable population, in an intact, relatively undisturbed environment.

A mathematical model of growth was developed using data from two koalas of known birthdate. The growth of these two sub -adults was assessed against five published models for aging young koalas, based on captive animals. Only one model was effective in estimating the age of free ranging sub -adults on St Bees Island. When data from other juveniles were also included, the rate of growth and the size of individuals at a given age also differed from published data derived largely from captive animals.

Fecundity was relatively low on St Bees Island, particularly when compared with overabundant populations on islands in Victoria. Along with this, there was a high mortality rate, with approximately 50 % of sub -adults perishing in the time between emerging from the mothers' pouch and maturity. These two factors are perhaps contributing to the population dynamics that keep the St Bees Island koala numbers in check. Some limited data of offspring numbers and gender showed some evidence of declining fecundity with individual age. The gender of offspring produced by a female koala throughout her life time was consistent with theTrivers-Willard hypothesis, favouring males in younger, fitter mothers and females in older or less fit mothers.

Maturing sub -adults were radio tracked as they undertook dispersal or extended movements away from the natal area before establishing a home range and breeding. Before becoming independent, juveniles mirrored their mothers ranging and movement behaviour, while remaining within the mothers' territory. After three to five months, the juveniles ventured beyond the mothers' range, in a complex way, before establishing their own home range. Direction and timing of dispersal was varied between individuals and genders. Female post dispersal home ranges were usually close to or overlapping the mothers range area. However, males established home ranges much further from their natal area.

The utilisation of tree species and habitat varied between developmental phases of the juveniles. At the time of independence, and while roaming in unfamiliar areas, they showed significant differences in tree use to that of the maternal females. During the day, Eucalyptus tereticornis (50 %) was the most frequently used species, however the other species used frequently (n = 31) were quite varied and included: Cryptocarya triplinervis, Mallotus philippensis, Ficus spp., Allocasuarina littoralis, and Pouteria sericea. Nocturnally E. tereticornis was used almost exclusively.

Nocturnal tree species utilisation reflected the koalas' diet while daytime utilisation differed significantly. Hence, night observations were needed to fully understand the diet and habitat requirements of koalas.

It was concluded that juvenile koalas have different requirements to adult animals and management practices must incorporate an understanding of these to adequatelysustain populations. This study has revealed previously unrecognised complexities in sub -adult ecology and behaviour.


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Book chapters on the topic "Sub-adult ecology"

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"Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture." In Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture, edited by Alain Dillen, Johan Coeck, and David Monnier. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569988.ch2.

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Abstract.<em>—</em>Our objectives were to study habitat use of different life stages of the burbot <em>Lota lota </em>L. in lowland rivers and to develop habitat models to assess possible reintroduction sites in Flanders, Belgium. Summer habitat use of subadult and adult burbot was studied in lowland rivers in northeast France in the Meuse basin. Highest burbot densities were found in the upper river parts over several watersheds. Adult and subadult burbot showed a strong preference for microhabitats characterized by undercut banks and cover by tree roots. Habitat use of larvae and fingerlings was studied in spring. Both larvae and fingerlings were exclusively found in small tributaries (width < 2 m). Fingerlings mainly occupied tributaries with low to moderate flow velocity (0.05–0.15 m/s) and high densities of vegetation (>25%). Winter spawning migration was studied using fyke nets. Adult burbot migrated into the deepest tributaries and upstream migration was highest at increased water levels or flows. Analysis of water quality requirements revealed that both nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>) and total nitrogen (N<sub><em>t</sub></em>) content negatively influenced burbot densities. With these results, two models to evaluate habitat suitability of lowland rivers for burbot were developed and tested. The use of these models to evaluate potential reintroduction sites for burbot in Belgium is discussed.
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Karima, Zerguine. "Chironomidae: Biology, Ecology and Systematics." In The Wonders of Diptera - Characteristics, Diversity, and Significance for the World's Ecosystems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95577.

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The family of Chironomidae is a group of Diptera insects belonging to the suborder of Nematocera, commonly called “non-biting midges” in the adult stage and “bloodworms” in the larval stage. The Chironomidae are often the most abundant group of macroinvertebrates, in number of species and individuals, encountered in all aquatic environments of freshwater, brackish, terrestrial and even the sea. Likewise, Chironomidae occur in all the continents. The Chironomidae family is divided into 11 sub-families that have diffrent ecological statues. Despite the wealth of data on Chironomidae in the Holarctic region, other parts of the world are poorly studied and few guides to identifying Chironomidae have been produced. This chapter includes a theoretical synthesis on the Chironomidae, it deals with the Biology (life cycle and description of different stages), description of all subfamilies and the ecology of this important family of Diptera.
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