Journal articles on the topic 'Stylometric studies'
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Van Hecke, Pierre. "Computational Stylometric Approach to the Dead Sea Scrolls." Dead Sea Discoveries 25, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-12341464.
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Abstract The question of how to classify the different texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls is a central issue in scholarship. There is little agreement or even little reflection, however, on the methodology with which these classifications should be made. This article argues that recent developments in computational stylometry address these methodological issues and that the approach therefore constitutes a necessary addition to existing scholarship. The first section briefly introduces the recent developments in computational stylometry, while the second tests the feasibility of a stylometric approach for research on the Scrolls. Taking into account the particular challenges of the corpus, an exploratory methodology is described, and its first results are presented. In the third and final section, directions for future research in the field are articulated.
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Drozdov, V. A. "The authorship of the poem ‘Ushshaq-nama from the prospect of academic orientalist studies and modern computer technologies." Orientalistica 3, no. 5 (December 29, 2020): 1360–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-5-1360-1378.
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The poem ‘Ushshaq-nama by Fakhr ad-Din ‘Iraqi (610–688 / 1213–1289) is the first poetical writing on the subject of mystical love in Persian literature. ‘Iraqi’s authorship of this work has never been questioned by researchers. However, the English orientalist J. Baldick 1973 cast a doubt on ‘Iraqi’s authorship of this poem. The article examines in detail the arguments of J. Baldick both from the point of view of the context of the creation of the poem, as well as the methods of the latest computational methods, in particular stylometry. Boldik's arguments concern both the historical and religious context in which ‘Iraqi lived and the peculiarities of his works, primarily the poem‘Ushshaq-name. The paper demonstrates that this computational method may be used for the study of the features of the style of Persian poetry and the confirmation of the authorship of doubtful Persian writings. Further expert decision full-field by Artjoms Šeļa based on stylometric methods for the establishment of the poem ‘Ushshaq- nama is expounded. While the results of the analysis of the historical and religious contexts of the poem may serve as confirmation of the authorship of ‘Iraqi and the refutation of the Baldick hypothesis, the results of the stylometric analysis do not give an unambiguous answer to the question of its authorship.
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Williams, David Salter. "Thackeray's Assistant Hypothesis: A Stylometric Evaluation." Journal of Jewish Studies 48, no. 2 (October 1, 1997): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/1997/jjs-1997.
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Pawłowski, Adam, and Artur Pacewicz. "Wincenty Lutosławski (1863–1954): Philosophe, helléniste ou fondateur sous-estimé de la stylométrie?" Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 31, no. 2-3 (2004): 423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.2-3.10paw.
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Stylometry is a branch of linguistics concerned with the quantitative description of stylistic proprieties of texts. In certain cases, it allows one to solve problems of authorship of disputed texts and to discover the probable chronology of works by a given author. An historical overview of stylometry demonstrates that there was no single scholar whose work could be considered decisive in its development. At the same time, perusal of studies devoted to the history of stylometry shows that their authors treat the available material selectively, preferring some scholars while wholly disregarding others. Wincenty Lutosławski (1863–1954) is a good example of a scholar forgotten (or underestimated) by contemporary researchers. However, it was he who coined the term ‘stylometry’ already at the end of the 19th century and defined the principles of this ‘new science’. This paper presents and discusses the following issues : the importance of chronology in the interpretation of Platonic philosophy, the definition and objectives of stylometry, the most important platonic chronologies, a description and evaluation of Lutosławski’s contribution to the development of stylometric methodology, and the origins of stylometry. Finally, we shall try to (re)determine Lutosławski’s position in the history of the language sciences.
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Wrisley, David Joseph. "Modeling the Transmission of al-Mubashshir Ibn Fātik’s Mukhtār al-Ḥikam in Medieval Europe: Some Initial Data-Driven Explorations." Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture 5, no. 1 (December 6, 2016): 228–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21659214-90000076.
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This article addresses the transmission of a mid-eleventh century Arabic compilation of Hellenic wisdom, al-Mubashshir Ibn Fātik’s Mukhtār al-Ḥikam wa-maḥāsin al-kalim, into medieval European languages. It documents new archival evidence for the scope of this textual tradition. The combination of digital textual and archival evidence provides important clues for building hypotheses for an expanded reception history of the Arabic text in Europe. Using corpora built in three languages—Castilian, Latin and French—it leverages stylometric analysis to explore the discursive communities in which the translations may have emerged and where they took on new meanings. The article puts medium-scale stylometry into practice in the field of comparative literature and translation studies for the exploration of large text collections, and suggests how quantitative methods could be deployed in translingual corpus-level literary research. It also argues for the use of stylometry at early stages of literary historical research to discover new paths of inquiry.
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Sadeghi, Behnam. "The Chronology of the Qurān: A Stylometric Research Program." Arabica 58, no. 3 (2011): 210–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005810x529692.
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AbstractI verify a chronology in which seven groups of passages represent consecutive phases. A proposed chronology is verified if independent markers of style vary over its phases in a smooth fashion. Four markers of style follow smooth trajectories over the seven phases: The first is average verse length. The second encompasses the 28 most common morphemes in the Qurān. The percentages of these morphemes in a text constitute its stylistic profile. The thus-defined stylistic profile is shown to vary in a smooth fashion over “time”, i.e. over the proposed chronological sequence of phases. Third, a similar thing holds for a profile based on the frequencies of 114 other common morphemes. Fourth, similar results are obtained for a list of 3693 relatively uncommon morphemes. In addition to establishing a relative chronology in seven phases, this essay demonstrates the stylistic unity of many large passages. It also shows that the Qurān has one author.
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Kilpatrick, G. D., and Anthony Kenny. "A Stylometric Study of the New Testament." Novum Testamentum 30, no. 4 (October 1988): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1560626.
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Ladouceur, David J. "Stylometric Authorship Studies in Flavius Josephus and Related Literature (review)." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 11, no. 4 (1993): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.1993.0002.
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Kestemont, Mike. "Stylometric Authorship Attribution for the Middle Dutch Mystical Tradition from Groenendaal." Dutch Crossing 42, no. 3 (November 8, 2016): 203–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2016.1252077.
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Nasser Alsager, Haroon. "Towards a Stylometric Authorship Recognition Model for the Social Media Texts in Arabic." Arab World English Journal 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no4.31.
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Numerous studies have been concerned with developing new authorship recognition systems to address the increasing rates of cybercrimes associated with the anonymous nature of social media platforms, which still offer the opportunity for the users not to reveal their true identities. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to identify the real authors of social media’s offensive and inappropriate content. These contents are usually very short; therefore, it is challenging for stylometric authorship systems to assign controversial texts to their real authors based on the salient and distinctive linguistic features and patterns within these contents. This research introduces a new stylometric authorship system that considers both the shortness of data and the peculiar linguistic properties of Arabic. A corpus of 20, 357 tweets from 134 Twitter users. A document clustering based on Document Index Graph (DIG) model was used to classify input patterns in the tweets that shared common linguistic features. A comparative analysis using Vector Space Clustering (VSC) model based on the Bag of Words (BOW) model, conventionally used in authorship recognition applications, was used. Results indicate that the proposed system is more accurate than other standard authorship systems mainly based on vector space clustering methods. It was also clear that the model had the advantage of providing complete information about the documents and the degree of overlap between every pair of documents, which was useful in determining the similarity between documents.
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Tuccinardi, Enrico. "A Stylometric Analysis of the Mar Saba Letter Attributed to Clement of Alexandria." Vigiliae Christianae 74, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341437.
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Abstract Since the publication of Clement’s letter to Theodore, discovered by Morton Smith at Mar Saba, there has been a great deal of controversy surrounding its authenticity. The main aim of the present paper is to weigh the linguistic evidence for and against Clementine authorship of the letter, also checking its alleged excessively Clementine nature in an objective manner, using a profile-based stylometric technique for authorship verification which has proven to be a valuable tool for text of relatively small size. The outcomes of the analysis tend to attribute the disputed letter to Clement but they also show its hyper-Clementine quality. Is this due to a forger, deliberately trying to imitate Clement’s style or is it instead a feature characteristic of the epistolary style of Clement? Regrettably without further samples of Clement’s letters to be used as terms of comparison it seems not possible to safely answer this question.
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McGing, Brian. "(D.S.) Williams Stylometric authorship studies in Flavius Josephus and related literature.Lewiston: Mellen, 1992. Pp. xxiv + 215. £34.95." Journal of Hellenic Studies 114 (November 1994): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632781.
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Mostafa, Mohamed M., and Nicolas Roser Nebot. "A Corpus-based Computational Stylometric Analysis of the Word “Árabe” in Three Spanish Generación Del 98 Writers." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0905.05.
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Although the Generation of ’98 writers represents a group of renown Spanish novelists, philosophers, essayists and poets active during the 1898 Spanish-American war, no previous studies have attempted to analyze the diverse linguistic and stylistic features employed by such writers. This study aims to use computational stylometry to detect hidden stylistic and linguistic patterns employed by three Generation of ’98 writers, namely Pío Baroja, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez and Miguel de Unamuno. We employ a large corpus comprising 1,702,243 words representing nineteen works by the three writers. Several rigorous criteria were satisfied in designing the corpora such as authorship, genre, topic and register. Concordance, wordclouds, consensus trees, multidimensional and cluster analyses were performed to reveal the different stylistic and linguistic patterns used by the three writers. Although we focus solely on the use of the word “árabe”, we show that computational stylometry techniques can be used to help detect hidden stylistic and linguistic patterns employed by different writers. This result is significant since it can help the reader navigate across various possibilities of expressions and terminologies employed by different writers.
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Kilpatrick, G. D. "Anthony Kenny, A Stylometric Study of the New Testament, Pp. xii + 127: Clarendon Press, Oxford: 1986. £ 20.00." Novum Testamentum 30, no. 4 (1988): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853688x00334.
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Ribes Traver, Purificación. "New ways of looking into handwritten miscellanies of the seventeenth century: the case of “Spes Altera”." Journal of English Studies 18 (December 23, 2020): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.4339.
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A large number of copies of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 2 circulated in handwritten miscellanies from the second quarter of the Seventeenth Century. Eleven of those copies have significant variant readings that have led critics to put forward different hypotheses regarding their nature and quality. Most critics, taking into account stylometric analyses, have regarded them as early drafts of Shakespeare’s printed version, and have agreed on their poor quality.By paying due attention to the text’s context of production and reception, we have reached a different conclusion regarding both the nature and quality of the handwritten versions of Sonnet 2. In our view, they are the product of a conscious rewriting on the part of some educated member of the universities or Inns of Court. Close reading of the manuscript copy text (Spes Altera, Bellasys Ms, c.1630), and a line by line comparison with the 1609 Q text, suggest a deliberate attempt on the part of its adapter at increasing the poem’s metrical regularity and structural coherence.
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Abonizio, Hugo Queiroz, Janaina Ignacio de Morais, Gabriel Marques Tavares, and Sylvio Barbon Junior. "Language-Independent Fake News Detection: English, Portuguese, and Spanish Mutual Features." Future Internet 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12050087.
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Online Social Media (OSM) have been substantially transforming the process of spreading news, improving its speed, and reducing barriers toward reaching out to a broad audience. However, OSM are very limited in providing mechanisms to check the credibility of news propagated through their structure. The majority of studies on automatic fake news detection are restricted to English documents, with few works evaluating other languages, and none comparing language-independent characteristics. Moreover, the spreading of deceptive news tends to be a worldwide problem; therefore, this work evaluates textual features that are not tied to a specific language when describing textual data for detecting news. Corpora of news written in American English, Brazilian Portuguese, and Spanish were explored to study complexity, stylometric, and psychological text features. The extracted features support the detection of fake, legitimate, and satirical news. We compared four machine learning algorithms (k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)) to induce the detection model. Results show our proposed language-independent features are successful in describing fake, satirical, and legitimate news across three different languages, with an average detection accuracy of 85.3% with RF.
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Baklāne, Anda. "Latviešu 20. un 21. gadsimta dzejas vārdu krājumi statistiskā griezumā: pētījuma metodoloģija un provizoriskie rezultāti." Letonica, no. 35 (2017): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35539/ltnc.2017.0035.ab.82.103.
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The paper discusses an ongoing study of Latvian poetry of the 20th and 21st century, explains its methodology and interprets some preliminary results. The aim of the study is to explore the dynamics of usage of common poetic concepts (such as natural phenomena, concepts of emotions etc.) and look for other patterns of lexical and semantic change that have occurred in the course of time. The study is conducted by statistically analysing a digital corpus of Latvian poetry. The paper shortly discusses current trends in digital humanities and argues that, although computational methods can prove to be forbiddingly difficult to use, there are tools that are comparatively accessible even without prior training in computer programming. In addition to that, even simple inquiries in the statistics of word usage can provide interesting results and allow building a case for further research. Three computational tools have been used for this paper—Stylo package for stylometric analysis, web-based text reading and analysis environment Voyant, and the corpus analysis toolkit AntConc. The results of statistical analysis suggest that certain trends in the dynamics of usage of concepts in the 20th century can be identified. Among the concepts of meteorological phenomena, ‘wind’ has been by far the most popular concept; furthermore, the usage of meteorological and emotion concepts most prominently fluctuates in the early 1950s and after 1990, indicating the change of poetic paradigms.
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Al-Ayyoub, Mahmoud, Ahmed Alwajeeh, and Ismail Hmeidi. "An extensive study of authorship authentication of Arabic articles." International Journal of Web Information Systems 13, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-03-2016-0011.
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Purpose The authorship authentication (AA) problem is concerned with correctly attributing a text document to its corresponding author. Historically, this problem has been the focus of various studies focusing on the intuitive idea that each author has a unique style that can be captured using stylometric features (SF). Another approach to this problem, known as the bag-of-words (BOW) approach, uses keywords occurrences/frequencies in each document to identify its author. Unlike the first one, this approach is more language-independent. This paper aims to study and compare both approaches focusing on the Arabic language which is still largely understudied despite its importance. Design/methodology/approach Being a supervised learning problem, the authors start by collecting a very large data set of Arabic documents to be used for training and testing purposes. For the SF approach, they compute hundreds of SF, whereas, for the BOW approach, the popular term frequency-inverse document frequency technique is used. Both approaches are compared under various settings. Findings The results show that the SF approach, which is much cheaper to train, can generate more accurate results under most settings. Practical implications Numerous advantages of efficiently solving the AA problem are obtained in different fields of academia as well as the industry including literature, security, forensics, electronic markets and trading, etc. Another practical implication of this work is the public release of its sources. Specifically, some of the SF can be very useful for other problems such as sentiment analysis. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind to compare the SF and BOW approaches for authorship analysis of Arabic articles. Moreover, many of the computed SF are novel, while other features are inspired by the literature. As SF are language-dependent and most existing papers focus on English, extra effort must be invested to adapt such features to Arabic text.
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Williams, David S. "Josephus, Stylometry, and Jewish Studies." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 11, no. 4 (1993): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.1993.0013.
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Greenberg, Nathan A. "Sayre and Stylometrics." American Journal of Philology 106, no. 2 (1985): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/294647.
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Eckert, Maureen. "This Site is Under Construction: Situating Hegel's Plato." Hegel Bulletin 27, no. 1-2 (2006): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200007515.
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In this paper, I examine broad features of Hegel's interpretation of Plato from his Lectures on the History of Phihsophy, noting how these features resonate with current views of Platonic philosophy. Hegel formed his interpretation of Plato under very different circumstances than those of today. Serious study of the Platonic dialogues had come to the forefront in German Idealist philosophy. As Rüdiger Bubner notes: ‘It was this tradition of thought that discovered, in an original way of its own, the authentic Plato in place of the various mediated substitutes of before, and indeed saw him as a thinker who was to provide continuing inspiration to the needs of post-Kantian philosophy’. We find Hegel holds Plato in high esteem, most famously as a ‘teacher of the human race’ alongside Aristotle. His Plato is one who is fundamentally significant in the development of philosophy, raising it to the status of science, although not in a fully systematic manner. At the same time, Hegel distinguishes his Plato from the projects of his contemporaries, Tennemann's esoteric Plato and Schleiermacher's aesthetic Plato. Hegel also forms his view of Plato at a time just prior to the development of stylometric studies of the dialogues, begun in its earliest form by K. F. Hermann (1839) and pushed forward by Lewis Campbell and Friedrich Blass in the later half of the 19th century. (This is not to claim that questions regarding the ordering of the dialogues did not arise earlier than 1839, but that they became scientific and central in Platonic interpretation with Hermann.) The pressures Hegel negotiates in his interpretation are quite distinct, especially in this last respect, yet not altogether alien. There are, I think, interesting reasons for this. (One might think that given Hegel's strong opposition to Schleiermacher (and Hegel's disposition towards development), he might have been inclined towards a developmental reading of Plato. One also might think that given his opposition to Tennemann's esotericism, he might have had more doubts about discerning a system within Plato's unsystematic dialogues. But one would be wrong on both counts.)
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Schuster, Tal, Roei Schuster, Darsh J. Shah, and Regina Barzilay. "The Limitations of Stylometry for Detecting Machine-Generated Fake News." Computational Linguistics 46, no. 2 (June 2020): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00380.
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Recent developments in neural language models (LMs) have raised concerns about their potential misuse for automatically spreading misinformation. In light of these concerns, several studies have proposed to detect machine-generated fake news by capturing their stylistic differences from human-written text. These approaches, broadly termed stylometry, have found success in source attribution and misinformation detection in human-written texts. However, in this work, we show that stylometry is limited against machine-generated misinformation. Whereas humans speak differently when trying to deceive, LMs generate stylistically consistent text, regardless of underlying motive. Thus, though stylometry can successfully prevent impersonation by identifying text provenance, it fails to distinguish legitimate LM applications from those that introduce false information. We create two benchmarks demonstrating the stylistic similarity between malicious and legitimate uses of LMs, utilized in auto-completion and editing-assistance settings. 1 Our findings highlight the need for non-stylometry approaches in detecting machine-generated misinformation, and open up the discussion on the desired evaluation benchmarks.
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Kestemont, Mike. "Stylometry for Medieval Authorship Studies: An Application to Rhyme Words." Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures 1, no. 1 (2012): 42–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dph.2012.0002.
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Langlois, Jean. "When linguistics meets computer science: Stylometry and professional discourse." Training, Language and Culture 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2521-442x-2021-5-2-51-61.
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Mealand, David L. "Positional Stylometry Reassessed: Testing a Seven Epistle Theory of Pauline Authorship." New Testament Studies 35, no. 2 (April 1989): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500024656.
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It is well known that earlier ways of measuring the style of Paul's epistles have in recent years been supplemented by specific tests based on calculations of the frequency of certain particles, sentence lengths, use of the subjunctive, use of specific tenses and the like. Two prominent works using such methods reach very different conclusions. In an important recent book Anthony Kenny puts forward a conclusion phrased in terms which reflect the judicious caution of one well versed in philosophy. He does not boldly assert that it is probable that Paul wrote twelve of the surviving epistles, merely that on the evidence which he collected he saw ‘no reason to reject the hypothesis that twelve of the Pauline epistles are the work of a single, unusually versatile author’.
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STOVER, JUSTIN A., and MIKE KESTEMONT. "THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE HISTORIA AUGUSTA: TWO NEW COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 59, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2016.12043.x.
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Abstract The case of the Historia Augusta, a collection of imperial biographies from Hadrian to Carus supposedly written by six different authors, provided the impetus for the introduction of computational methods into the Echtheitskritik of ancient authors in 1979. After a flurry of studies in the 1990s, interest waned, particularly because most of those studies seemed to support conclusions incompatible with the scholarly consensus on the question. In the paper, we approach this question with the new tool of authorship verification – one of the most promising approaches in forensic stylometry today – as well as the established method of principal components analysis to demonstrate that there is no simple alternative between single and multiple authorship, and that the results of a computational analysis are in fact compatible with the results obtained from historical, literary, and philological analysis.
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Derwojedowa, Magdalena. "MIKROKORPUS GRONOWY POLSZCZYZNY 1830–1918." Poradnik Językowy, no. 8/2020(777) (October 28, 2020): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2020.8.4.
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This paper is dedicated to the construction of a small cluster corpus of Polish texts from the period 1830–1918. The assumptions of the corpus, its micro- and macro-structure, as well as stylistic, regional and author diversity, and method of making it available are presented. Its application capabilities are illustrated on the example of orthographic, infl ectional, and syntactic studies. Keywords: corpus – diachrony – infl ection – syntax – orthography – stylometry
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Boto Bravo, Miguel Angel. "Mapa estilométrico de la narrativa de Eduardo Mendoza: aproximación a un análisis estilistico computacional de textos literarios." Epos : Revista de filología, no. 33 (August 23, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.33.2017.18281.
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Gracias a la evolución de la lingüística computacional y su aplicación a diferentes disciplinas de las Humanidades Digitales, la estilometría ha recibido un notable impulso con la aparición de herramientas informáticas desarrolladas específicamente para el análisis estilométrico de corpus textuales, como Stylo R, la herramienta desarrollada por el Institute of Polish language, de la Polish Academy of Sciences, y el Institute of English Studies, de la Jagiellonian University. A través del paquete Stylo R analizaremos la obra narrativa de Eduardo Mendoza para comprobar, más allá de su funcionalidad de autoría, su eficacia para la clasificación tipológica y estilística de textos literarios, así como para presentar la correcta configuración de los valores de los elementos involucrados en el procesamiento de datos.Thanks to the evolution of computational linguistics and its application in various disciplines of Digital Humanities, stylometry has received considerable momentum with the advent of informatics tools specifically developed for stylometry analysis of textual corpora, such as Stylo, a tool developed by the Institute of Polish Language at the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Institute of English Studies at the Jagiellonian University. Using Stylo package, the narrative work developed by Eduardo Mendoza will be analysed to prove, beyond his authoring functionality, its efficacy on classifying the typology and stylistics of literary texts, as well as to present the right configuration of the involved elements’ values in data processing.
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David, Jaroslav, Jana Davidová Glogarová, and Michal Místecký. "A Two-Man Show: Stylometric Analysis of Personal Names in Rudolf Slánský’s Staged Trial Newspaper Reports." Studies about Languages 1, no. 38 (July 13, 2021): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.38.27437.
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The paper is aimed at personal names (anthroponyms) in newspaper reports on Rudolf Slánský’s staged trial, which was held against the leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia – mostly of the Jewish origin – who were “uncovered” as political enemies; the trial took place in an anti-Semitic atmosphere. The examined texts were published in the period of November 21−28,1952, in Rudé právo, the main newspaper of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Proper names, mostly personal names, are analysed from several perspectives. The quantitative analysis is focused on the keywords of the studied texts and typical collocations of the names. The qualitative analysis, developing the quantitatively researched data, is aimed at the image of enemy or traitor and its presentation via thematization of personal names. The ways of language presentation of the Jewish origin of the accused are in the scope of the contribution as well. Within the scope of collocation analysis, the newspaper texts on the trial were contrasted with the ones published by Rudé právo on the occasion of Rudolf Slánskýʼs 50th birthday (July 31, 1951).
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Okulska, Inez. "O wiele więcej niż Google Translate, czyli komputerowe przetwarzanie języka naturalnego (NLP) w translatoryce i translatologii." Porównania 26 (June 15, 2020): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/por.2020.1.16.
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Przewrotna jest rola postępu – im więcej technologicznego rozwoju, tym większy udział człowieka – w koncepcji, formułowaniu zadań, interpretacji wyników, nadzorze i korekcie. Hierarchia jest zachowana, człowiek wciąż nieodzowny, ale to nie znaczy, że w pewnych obszarach maszynowy potencjał rzeczywiście nie przewyższa ludzkiego i że nie warto z tej przewagi skorzystać. Przetwarzanie języka naturalnego (NLP) to dziedzina niemłoda, ale w ostatnich latach dzięki rozkwitowi metod uczenia głębokiego (deep learning), mody na maszynowe wnioskowanie (data/knowledge mining) czy nowym sprzętowym interfejsom (m.in. zaawansowane rozpoznawanie obrazu) komputerowa analiza tekstu przeżywa istny renesans. W odniesieniu do translacji przyjęło się mówić i pisać głównie o coraz doskonalszych lub właśnie zupełnie niemożliwych algorytmach dla kolejnych par języków czy coraz większej precyzji samego tłumaczenia. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia natomiast nieco szersze spektrum procesu tłumaczenia i przygląda się elementom przekładowi towarzyszącym (jak choćby krytyka), w których wykorzystanie metod NLP możeprzynieść nowe, ciekawe wyniki. Wyniki, których ze względu na ograniczoną moc obliczeniową człowiek nie jest w stanie osiągnąć. Omówione zostały takie aspekty jak wektorowa reprezentacja języka, stylometria i jej zastosowania czy analiza wielkich zbiorów danych – wszystko to na potrzeby szeroko rozumianychtranslacji i translatologii.
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Þorgeirsson, Haukur. "How similar are Heimskringla and Egils saga? An application of Burrows’ delta to Icelandic texts." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 48, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2018-0001.
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AbstractRecent methodological and technological developments greatly facilitate the use of stylometry for authorship attribution. Burrows’ delta method, proposed in 2002, has been shown to yield good results for a variety of corpora in different languages. The present article demonstrates that this method is highly effective in analysing 19th century Icelandic fiction. The method is then applied to the classical question of the stylistic affinity between two 13th century texts:HeimskringlaandEgils saga. Heimskringlaproves to be more similar toEgils sagathan it is to a variety of contemporary texts, including other kings’ sagas. This supports the theory that the two texts have the same author.
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Ji, Meng. "Quantifying Phraseological Style in Two Modern Chinese Versions of Don Quijote." Meta 53, no. 4 (January 16, 2009): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019664ar.
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Abstract Quantifying style, or stylometry, has always been one of the oldest traditions in Western literary studies. It seems, however, that such a well-explored and long-standing scientific methodology has been rarely applied to translations, as opposed to original literary texts. The present paper, which focuses on the stylistic use of phraseology in two contemporary Chinese versions of Cervantes’ Don Quijote, shall endeavour to address the two current problems in corpus-based translation stylistics, i.e., the lack of debate on the question of semantically-rich linguistic units in quantifying style of translations, and the need for testing the use of methods and techniques adapted from corpus statistics in detecting stylistic traits in translations. It is hoped that this study, which aims at expanding the current methodological framework for translation stylistics, will help in the development of this growing area of research in Translation Studies.
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Dexter, Joseph P., Theodore Katz, Nilesh Tripuraneni, Tathagata Dasgupta, Ajay Kannan, James A. Brofos, Jorge A. Bonilla Lopez, et al. "Quantitative criticism of literary relationships." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 16 (April 3, 2017): E3195—E3204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611910114.
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Authors often convey meaning by referring to or imitating prior works of literature, a process that creates complex networks of literary relationships (“intertextuality”) and contributes to cultural evolution. In this paper, we use techniques from stylometry and machine learning to address subjective literary critical questions about Latin literature, a corpus marked by an extraordinary concentration of intertextuality. Our work, which we term “quantitative criticism,” focuses on case studies involving two influential Roman authors, the playwright Seneca and the historian Livy. We find that four plays related to but distinct from Seneca’s main writings are differentiated from the rest of the corpus by subtle but important stylistic features. We offer literary interpretations of the significance of these anomalies, providing quantitative data in support of hypotheses about the use of unusual formal features and the interplay between sound and meaning. The second part of the paper describes a machine-learning approach to the identification and analysis of citational material that Livy loosely appropriated from earlier sources. We extend our approach to map the stylistic topography of Latin prose, identifying the writings of Caesar and his near-contemporary Livy as an inflection point in the development of Latin prose style. In total, our results reflect the integration of computational and humanistic methods to investigate a diverse range of literary questions.
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Mukhin, Mikhail Yu, and Nikolay Yu Mukhin. "AUTHORED LEXICAL SYNTAGMATICS IN A SYSTEMATIC INTERPRETATION." Philological Class 26, no. 2 (2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51762/1fk-2021-26-02-08.
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The article considers a stylometric model of systematic interpretation of authored lexical syntagmatics (lexical compatibility) in the classical prose of the 19th century. The article compares the achievements of classical lexicology and modern corpus linguistics and suggest bigrams, i. e. pairs of words used in a common phraseological context, as units of lexical syntagmatics to study texts of great volume. Besides, the articles formulates the requirements for lexical bigrams involved in the lexical-statistical comparison of different individual styles. The article provides examples of original bigrams that recur in different works of the same author over many creative years (e.g., oblokotit’ golovu [to lean a head on elbows] in the novels by L. N. Tolstoy). The problem of cataloguing and systematic interpretation of such recurring stylistic “particulars”, which the author may use deliberately or unconsciously, and the reader may or may not notice in different texts, is posed. On the basis of 19th century classical prose (the works of L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. P. Chekhov, I. S. Turgenev and I. A. Goncharov), the authors perform a context lexico-statistical comparison of bigrams containing words frequently used by all authors (for example, chelovek/lyudi [person/people], golova [head], govorit’ [to speak], pervyy [first], vdrug [suddenly], dva [two], etc.) is studied. It is noted that each author can identify a different set of words appearing in the original contextual environment. The model of comparative analysis is examined in detail on the example of the contexts of words denoting a person: chelovek/lyudi [person/people], zhenshchina [woman] and rebenok/deti [child/children]. Such combinations as intelligentnyy chekovek [intelligent person], lenivyy chekovek [lazy person], imet’ uspekh u zhenshchin [to succeed with women], deti i vnuki [children and grandchildren] (A. P. Chekhov), nervicheskiy chelovek [nervous person] (I. S. Turgenev), poshchadit’ cheloveka [to spare a person] (F. M. Dostoevsky), kurchavyy chelovek [curly-haired person], nevysokaya zhenshchina [short woman], beremennaya zhenshchina [pregnant woman] (L. N. Tolstoy), zhenshchiny – sozdaniya (prekrasnye, nezhnye, slabye) [women are (beautiful, gentle, weak) creatures] (I. A. Goncharov) are small fragments of authored stylistic systems. The analysis reveals a striking difference between the syntagmatic characteristics of the works of different writers. Conclusions are made about a possible systematic presentation of the material in the form of an authored syntagmatic dictionary of the Russian prose of the 19th century.
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MacPherson, Michael, and Yoav Tirosh. "A Stylometric Analysis of Ljósvetninga saga." Gripla 31 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/gripla.31.1.
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Ljósvetninga saga is preserved in two primary versions, the A-redaction and C-redaction. These two redactions feature parallel (though not identical) sections as well as a section (chapters 13–18) which is entirely divergent. Scholars and editors have long disagreed over the question of which version of the saga is more internally consistent. Two stylistic studies by Adolfine Erichsen in 1919 and Hallvard Magerøy in 1956 arrived at opposite conclusions: the former preferring the stylistic coherence of the C-redaction and the latter preferring the A-redaction. The conclusions of these scholars reflected opposing stances on the Freeprose-Bookprose origin of the Íslendingasögur. Proponents of the Freeprose school including Knut Liestøl leveraged Erichsen’s stylistic investigation to argue that the divergent section in A-redaction should be considered a genuine oral variant, whereas proponents of the Bookprose school (including the editor of the saga’s Íslenzk fornrit edition, Björn Sigfússon) criticized the oral understanding and instead framed the divergent C-redaction section as a historical novelization of what was originally the A-redaction. The development of stylometry in recent years has provided us with a statistically-robust set of methods to interrogate the style of texts. In this article, the authors revisit the debate and present stylometric evidence to support Erichsen’s conclusion and reject Magerøy’s: the divergent section of the C-redaction has more in common with the parallel chapters and the A-redaction is likely an independent version of the text retold, possibly with recourse to oral tradition.
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Mäkinen, Martti. "Stylo visualisations of Middle English documents." Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities Special issue on... (December 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/jdmdh.5614.
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International audience Automated approaches to identifying authorship of a text have become commonplace in the stylometric studies. The current article applies an unsupervised stylometric approach on Middle English documents using the script Stylo in R, in an attempt to distinguish between texts from different dialectal areas. The approach is based on the distribution of character 3-grams generated from the texts of the corpus of Middle English Local Documents (MELD). The article adopts the middle ground in the study of Middle English spelling variation, between the concept of relational linguistic space and the real linguistic continuum of medieval England. Stylo can distinguish between Middle English dialects by using the less frequent character 3-grams.
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Eder, Maciej, Maciej Piasecki, and Tomasz Walkowiak. "An open stylometric system based on multilevel text analysis." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 17 (December 3, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.1430.
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An open stylometric system based on multilevel text analysisStylometric techniques are usually applied to a limited number of typical tasks, such as authorship attribution, genre analysis, or gender studies. However, they could be applied to several tasks beyond this canonical set, if only stylometric tools were more accessible to users from different areas of the humanities and social sciences. This paper presents a general idea, followed by a fully functional prototype of an open stylometric system that facilitates its wide use through to two aspects: technical and research flexibility. The system relies on a server installation combined with a web-based user interface. This frees the user from the necessity of installing any additional software. At the same time, the system offers a variety of ways in which the input texts can be analysed: they include not only the usual lexical level, but also deep-level linguistic features. This enables a range of possible applications, from typical stylometric tasks to the semantic analysis of text documents. The internal architecture of the system relies on several well-known software packages: a collection of language tools (for text pre-processing), Stylo (for stylometric analysis) and Cluto (for text clustering). The paper presents: (1) The idea behind the system from the user’s perspective. (2) The architecture of the system, with a focus on data processing. (3) Features for text description. (4) The use of analytical systems such as Stylo and Cluto. The presentation is illustrated with example applications. Otwarty system stylometryczny wykorzystujący wielopoziomową analizę języka Zastosowania metod stylometrycznych na ogół ograniczają się do kilku typowych problemów badawczych, takich jak atrybucja autorska, styl gatunków literackich czy studia nad zróżnicowaniem stylistycznym kobiet i mężczyzn. Z pewnością dałoby się je z powodzeniem zastosować również do wielu innych problemów klasyfikacji tekstów, gdyby tylko owe metody oraz odpowiednie narzędzia były bardziej dostępne dla uczonych reprezentujących różne dyscypliny nauk humanistycznych i społecznych. Artykuł niniejszy omawia założenia teoretyczne oraz w pełni funkcjonalny prototyp otwartego systemu stylometrycznego, którego szerokie zastosowanie umożliwią dwie jego cechy: elastyczność techniczna oraz dostosowywalność do różnych pytań badawczych. System opiera się na instalacji serwerowej sprzęgniętej z sieciowym interfejsem użytkownika. Uwalnia to użytkownika od konieczności instalowania jakichkolwiek dodatkowych programów. Jednocześnie system oferuje wiele sposobów analizowania tekstów nie tylko na poziomie leksykalnym, lecz także poprzez cechy językowe niskiego poziomu. Daje to możliwość stosowania systemu na wiele różnych sposobów, od typowych testów stylometrycznych do analizy semantycznej dokumentów. Wewnętrzna architektura systemu składa się z wielu elementów znanych ze swej funkcjonalności, w tym z pakietu Stylo przeznaczonego do analiz stylometrycznych oraz pakietu Cluto służącego do zaawansowanej analizy skupień. Artykuł omawia: (1) Koncepcję całego systemu, postrzeganą z punktu widzenia użytkownika, (2) Architekturę systemu oraz jego elementy odpowiedzialne za przetwarzanie tekstu, (3) Cechy językowe służące do opisu dokumentów, (4) Zastosowanie modułów analizy danych, takich jak Stylo czy Cluto. W artykule zostały też przedstawione przykładowe zastosowania systemu.
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Rizvi, Pervez. "The Unsoundness of the Stylometric Case for Thomas Watson’s Authorship of Arden of Faversham." ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews, September 13, 2020, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0895769x.2020.1815514.
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Canbay, Pelin, Ebru A. Sezer, and Hayri Sever. "Binary background model with geometric mean for author-independent authorship verification." Journal of Information Science, May 11, 2021, 016555152110077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01655515211007710.
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Authorship verification (AV) is one of the main problems of authorship analysis and digital text forensics. The classical AV problem is to decide whether or not a particular author wrote the document in question. However, if there is one and relatively short document as the author’s known document, the verification problem becomes more difficult than the classical AV and needs a generalised solution. Regarding to decide AV of the given two unlabeled documents (2D-AV), we proposed a system that provides an author-independent solution with the help of a Binary Background Model (BBM). The BBM is a supervised model that provides an informative background to distinguish document pairs written by the same or different authors. To evaluate the document pairs in one representation, we also proposed a new, simple and efficient document combination method based on the geometric mean of the stylometric features. We tested the performance of the proposed system for both author-dependent and author-independent AV cases. In addition, we introduced a new, well-defined, manually labelled Turkish blog corpus to be used in subsequent studies about authorship analysis. Using a publicly available English blog corpus for generating the BBM, the proposed system demonstrated an accuracy of over 90% from both trained and unseen authors’ test sets. Furthermore, the proposed combination method and the system using the BBM with the English blog corpus were also evaluated with other genres, which were used in the international PAN AV competitions, and achieved promising results.
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Agbeyangi, Abayomi O., Safiriyu I. Eludiora, and Felix A. Fabunmi. "YorAA: An Authorship Attribution of Yorùbá Texts." Journal of Computer Science and Its Application 28, no. 1 (September 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcsia.v28i1.7.
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The process of establishing the most likely author of a collection of texts or documents whose authorship must be verified is known as authorship attribution. Several studies have been reported in the literature on the task, but rarely any reported work on Yorùbá language texts. In this paper, the development of an automatic Yorùbá written texts authorship attribution system (YorAA) is reported. The literary works of six Yorùbá authors were considered. Stylometry features were extracted from the texts using the BoW approach and lexical/syntactic word frequencies approach. The Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron and Random Forest algorithms were used for the classification analysis. The experimental results showed that the developed YorAA system achieved accuracy, recall, precision and F1 measures values of 95%, 83%, 84% and 84% respectively on the average, for all the six authors. The results demonstrate that with a database of written texts in Yorùbá language, that is enough to extract relevant stylometry ´ features of the author and appropriate methods and tools applied to such features; the authorship of the texts can be identified or verified.
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Klimek, Sonja, and Ralph Müller. "Vergleich als Methode? Zur Empirisierung eines philologischen Verfahrens im Zeitalter der Digital Humanities." Journal of Literary Theory 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2015-0004.
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AbstractLiterary scholars draw comparisons more often than they reflect on the practice of that drawing. Our study of comparisons in hermeneutic practice shows that comparative study is not merely a characteristic of general and comparative literary studies. It can also be found as a (generally qualitative) practice within the monolingual disciplines. The comparison of texts with similar themes is particularly widespread and popular, typically discovering through this comparison the differences and similarities of the literary treatment, in order to prove the aesthetic worth of a work and thus to make increased aesthetic pleasure possible. In addition, there are also studies which, through comparison of sample texts test the validity of statements about literary history or the typology of genres. The practice is particularly associated with comparative literary studies, which claims thus to overcome the limitations of monolingual literary studies. In principle, this form of test study can be extended to an unlimited number of cases, whereby philologists can, among other things, demonstrate how well-read they are. Nevertheless, this form of comparison, too, has to date mostly been used qualitatively, without exploring the potential of a quantitative expansion of the study.Making reference to Descartes’ thesis (1628) that every growth in knowledge is always grounded in a comparison, it is discussed under what circumstances individual case studies may be understood as technically comparative in nature. In this regard one should be careful not to rob the concept of the comparison of the element of differentiation. Therefore, in what follows, we only class studies as comparative when they consider at least two cases (e. g. at least two works), although the main interest of the study may be reserved for one case.Further, in literary studies, comparisons may be used both to discover the characteristics of the object investigated (›discovery function‹) and as a (sometimes comparatively conceived) control testing the scope of assertions or hypotheses (›control function‹). The emphasis of the use of comparison, as a rule, lies on the qualitative description of the complexity of individual selected cases, whose aesthetic value and place in literary history may thus be judged. By contrast, quantitative comparisons of a few variables within many cases are seldom used by literary scholars. Literary studies have to date hardly taken into account the contrast between quantitative and qualitative comparisons which has been so thoroughly discussed in social science, nor of the attempts to overcome this contrast (for instance through multi-value comparative quantitative analysis, which takes account not only of the need to revise hypotheses, but also the possible necessity of the revision of categories during or after the drawing of comparisons). Instead, an appeal to the ›incomparability‹ of literary art, made as early as 1902 by Benedetto Croce frequently recurs, or the argument, borrowed from Ethnology and Religious Studies, for the need for necessary ›respect for the unique and different nature‹ (Haupt 2013) of the object of study is often made. Earlier attempts at empiricisation, for instance the empirical study of literature movement of the 1970s (cf. Schmidt 2005), were unable to establish themselves, much less become part of the regular course of German Studies. This was partly because the fundamentally hermeneutically oriented field of literary studies could not accept the empiricists’ rejection of hermeneutic methods (cf. Ort 1994). There was an almost reflex professorial defence of interpretative reading.Consequently, we think it important that empiricism should no longer be conceived of as an argument against hermeneutic approaches to philological objects of study, but rather to make it available as a useful aid to the improvement of established methods of literary study (cf. Groeben 2013). Literary studies can thus work against the reproach that its generalisations are based at best on insufficient data, and at worst on mere intuition. Building on the often overlooked, but well established philological technique of comparing parallel passages, we wish to demonstrate how, where, and to what extent, the corpus technology offered by the digital humanities can help to empiricise literary studies. Corpora offer, in the first instance, the possibility of qualitative comparison of verbal parallels, but also to make parallels of content in the form of intersubjectively explicable, repeatable search procedures more transparent (cf. Fricke 1991, 2007). In this respect, the comparison of parallel passages, an old established hermeneutic method can be made empirical.In a further step, we will discuss the possibilities of quantitative comparisons in corpora (i. e. hypothesis-led variables oriented comparisons): on the one hand, the statistical description of corpora through stylometrics, which allows texts as a whole to be described, for instance in terms of word and sentence length, or the frequency of specific graphemes; on the other the analysis of collocations and the determination of »usuelle Wortverbindungen« (common multi-word expressions), which allow for the study of individual textual characteristics. In this connection, we discuss the necessity and usefulness of comparative corpora for the scope of statements determined via corpus analysis, as well as the dependence of the quality of the comparison of parallel passages on the quality of the chosen corpus.To what extent literary studies as a field will adopt these statistical comparative techniques as a philological method in the age of the digital humanities, remains to be seen. We are, given the aversion to statistical matters which this predominantly hermeneutically oriented discipline has shown to date, somewhat sceptical. We are also sceptical about whether corpus linguistic quality standards of corpora composition will be accepted. We would therefore consider not only statistically based procedures for composing corpora, but also other means of plausibilization, such as the explication of the texts studied, and an argument for their selection, to be not only legitimate but appropriate.Despite the field of literary studies’ continued reluctance to use quantitative methods, we still see a possibility that quantitative textual comparisons could provide a stimulus to standardisation. Corpus based comparisons make us aware that the comparison of many texts presupposes explicit assumptions about the comparability of what is compared. This requires a precise formulation of the questions to be explored, as well as a precise explication of the textual phenomena studied, so that exact statements about the relationships between the characteristics compared become possible.