Journal articles: 'Style markers'

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Cichosz and Pęzik. "Markers of Ælfric's Style." Style 55, no. 2 (2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/style.55.2.0223.

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VILUMSONE-NEMES, INETA, and DANA BELAKOVA. "Reduction of material consumption for garments from checked fabrics." Industria Textila 71, no. 03 (June 28, 2020): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.03.1667.

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The use of CAD/CAM systems have greatly optimized material utilization of garment styles from plain fabrics. Processing of intricate pattern materials is still work and material consuming. Increased material consumption is obtained because of two reasons: necessity to match pattern on ready garments and unfixed textile material structure. The fabric loss related to the pattern matching necessity is the most difficult to reduce. A style of classical women jacket was tested to compare efficiency of plain and checked fabric markers for sizes 36 – 54. It was determined that marker length is dependent on the conformity of the size of the checked fabric repeat and the length of the longest components placed in a sectioned marker. Reducing the length of the style slightly it was possible to reduce marker length considerably for certain size markers. Marker length, fabric consumption and, with it, product costs can be reduced conforming the length of the style to the size of the checked fabric repeat. Length tolerance – acceptable slight variations of the length of the style which does not change design and visual perception of the style should be determined by designers. Specialized software could be developed to vary the length of the style in the interval of length tolerance to reduce fabric consumption and with it product costs of certain production orders. Improving manufacturing efficiency and reducing fabric use, the styles from checked materials could be included in garment collections more often.

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McMenamin, Gerald R. "Style markers in authorship studies." Forensic Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 2001): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/sll.2001.8.2.93.

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Nugroho, Andy Bayu, and Myrna Laksman. "Lexical Category of Style Markers Variations in Literary Self-Translation." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v13i2.107361.

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This study aims to reveal the variations of the lexical category of the style markers in a self-translation from English to Indonesian and their roles in expressing the perceptions of the self-translator. This is a pilot research with a qualitative approach. The data are obtained from the novel The Question of Red (TQOR) and its Indonesia translation, Amba. In this context, Laksmi Pamuntjak acts as both the ST writer and the TT producer (as a self-translator). TQOR and Amba use lexical style markers that are not exactly the same, involving variations. The variations of the lexical category of style markers can be classified into: marker reduction, attribute reduction, marker transposition, marker extension, and invariation of marker. This variations are the impacts of the use of various translation strategies, which in turn also change the perception of self-translator of the themes she wants to express.

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Sarig, Lea. "On Two Style Markers of Modern Arabic-Hebrew Prose Translations." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.4.2.05sar.

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Abstract Following Enkvist's method for establishing style markers, one 'positive' and one 'negative' marker of modern Arabic-Hebrew prose translations are constituted through a comparison of the translations with their respective original texts. A complementary intra-language study of original Hebrew prose fiction, which revealed the same style markers, shows that the findings are not translation-specific, but rather a language-bound phenomenon. Although the findings for Hebrew translations from English and German concerning the 'negative' style marker do not concur with the findings in the translations from Arabic, they nonetheless indirectly support the conclusion that it is language-bound.

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Ives, Colton, Vidyasagar R. Sathuvalli, Brooke C. Colburn, and Shawn A. Mehlenbacher. "Mapping the Incompatibility and Style Color Loci in Two Hazelnut Progenies." HortScience 49, no. 3 (March 2014): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.3.250.

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Pollen–stigma incompatibility in european hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is of the sporophytic type and under the control of a single locus with multiple alleles (haplotypes). The S-locus was previously assigned to linkage group 5 (LG5) and linked DNA markers were identified. The loci that control leaf color and style color are linked to the S-locus. We investigated segregation for leaf and style color and S-alleles in two progenies, mapped the loci, and compared the two new maps with the LG5 reference map using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Segregation for color, S-alleles and SSR markers fit expectations. The color loci and the S-locus mapped to LG5 between SSR markers B028 and B774. The three maps aligned and the SSR markers were collinear. The SSR markers closest to the S-locus are KG819, KG847, and BR259. In progeny 05050, which segregated for style and leaf color, no recombination was observed between the two traits. Recombination between the S-locus and the style color locus was 5.4 cM in progeny 05050 and 10.1 cM in progeny 00064. The style color locus was placed very close to SSR marker B028 in both progenies. On the reference map, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers 564-500M, 345-1050dF, and 204-950dF and intersequence simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker 815-540dF are very close to the S-locus. The identification of closely linked markers will facilitate the map-based cloning of the S-locus and color loci in hazelnut.

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Blakemore, Diane, and Fabrizio Gallai. "Discourse markers in free indirect style and interpreting." Journal of Pragmatics 60 (January 2014): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.11.003.

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Athanasiou, Andreas, and Joel S. Shore. "Morph-Specific Proteins in Pollen and Styles of Distylous Turnera (Turneraceae)." Genetics 146, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.2.669.

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We used nondenaturing isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a survey of plants from 11 populations to identify style and pollen proteins unique to the short-styled morph of Turnera scabra, T. subulata and T. krapovickasii. Three protein bands [approximately isoelectric points (pIs) 6.1, 6.3 and 6.5] were found only in styles and stigmas of short-styled plants while two bands (approximately pIs 6.7 and 6.8, M r 56 and 59 kD) occur only in pollen of short-styled plants. Some of these bands appear very late in development, within 24 hr before flowering. Two isozyme loci were mapped to an 8.7 cM region spanning the distyly locus. Using these isozyme markers we identified progeny exhibiting recombination adjacent to the distyly locus. No recombinants between the distyly locus and the locus or loci controlling the presence of the short-styled morph-specific proteins were obtained. This suggests that the loci encoding these proteins are either extremely tightly linked to the distyly locus and in complete disequilibrium with the S allele or exhibit morph-limited expression. Crosses to a plant showing an unusual style protein phenotype demonstrated that an additional unlinked locus is required for full expression of the style proteins. The function of the morph-specific proteins is unknown

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Koehrsen, Jens. "Religious Tastes and Styles as Markers of Class Belonging: A Bourdieuian Perspective on Pentecostalism in South America." Sociology 52, no. 6 (September 12, 2017): 1237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038517722288.

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Studies on the relationship between social class and religion tend to highlight the demographic dimension of class, but neglect its symbolic dimension. By addressing the symbolic dimensions through a Bourdieuian approach, this article contends that religious tastes and styles can be employed as class markers within the sphere of religion. A case study on Argentinean Pentecostalism and in-depth analysis of a lower and middle class church illustrate how symbolic class differences are cultivated in the form of distinctive religious styles. While the lower class church displays a style marked by emotional expressiveness and the search for life improvement through spiritual practices, the middle class church performs a sober and calm style of Pentecostalism. The study highlights the role of styles in the reproduction of class boundaries, while shedding a critical light on the importance of tastes.

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Dohun Kim and 이은숙. "Translating Style Markers of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice." Journal of Translation Studies 15, no. 5 (December 2014): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15749/jts.2014.15.5.001.

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Meijun, Luo. "Dynamic Evolution of the Type of “meideshuo” Discourse Marker and Its Metapragmatic Functions." Sinología hispánica 4, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v4i1.5270.

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A type of “meideshuo” discourse markerscontains three subtypes: “meideshuo”,“meihuashuo”, and “meishuode”. From thepoint of view of semantic-pragmatics, this typeof discourse markers evolves dynamically fromthe meaning of “no words to say” to “positivemeaning”, and finally evolves to a discoursemarker. The metapragmatic functions of thediscourse markers are new information focused,proposition affirmed, and communicativepurpose predicted. The process of the discoursemarker evolution is not only the process oflexicalization and grammaticalization, but alsothe process of intersubjectification. Thepragmatic extensions and semantic entailmentare contributed to function as motivations forthe dynamic evolution of “meideshuo”discourse markers.

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Petot, Jean-Michel. "Are the Relationships Between NEO PI-R and Rorschach Markers of Openness to Experience Dependent on the Patient’s Test-Taking Attitude?" Rorschachiana 27, no. 1 (January 2005): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604.27.1.30.

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The low correlations reported between self-report measures and the Rorschach raise questions about the validity of both kinds of instruments. Meyer (1996) suggested that these low correlations are an artefact, due to the failure to control response style. Correlations would be high and positive when subjects have the same response style on both methods, and high and negative when they have divergent response styles. But response style is assessed according to criteria strongly connected with distress, and the enhancement of correlations may be tautologically limited to distress scales. The objective of this research is to verify whether the response style hypothesis applies to Openness to Experience, a dimension unrelated with distress. Correlations were computed between on the one hand Openness and Neuroticism, and on the second one several selected Rorschach variables. Analyses were conducted on the whole sample (n = 96) and on separate subgroups of patients with convergent (n = 29) or divergent (n = 22) test-taking attitude. The findings establish Openness is related to Rorschach low L, high blends, morbid responses, and combinatory special scores. They also establish that response style moderates correlations between Neuroticism and the Rorschach, but not between Openness and the Rorschach. These results seem to confirm the tautological nature of the present formulation of the response style hypothesis, but further refinement in the analysis of test-taking attitude could help reconsider things.

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Alimi, Modupe M. "A study of the stylistic markers of the language of cartoons in Nigeria." Studies in African Linguistics 22, no. 2 (April 15, 1991): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v22i2.107424.

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This paper discusses the stylistic characteristics of the language of cartoons in some Nigerian newspapers. The analysis focuses on printing styles, stylistic registers, and textual features. The author concludes that the informal style (exemplified by the occurrence of Pidgin English, colloquial forms, loan blends, ellipsis, and telegraphic sentences) characterizes the language of the cartoons. Thus, cartoonists use language as an artistic medium in which various options of language are explored for effective communication.

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Jahnke, Gizella, Gitta Kocsisné Molnár, János Májer, Barna Szöke, Erik Tarczal, Péter Varga, and László Kocsis. "Analysis of grape rootstocks by SSR markers." OENO One 45, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2011.45.4.1500.

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Aims: The aim of this work was to determine the SSR profile of 96 Vitis accessions (mainly rootstocks) at 19 loci to find genetic relatedness between them.Methods and results: The molecular markers used in the last 30 years are not or less affected by the environment, making them a valuable tool for the determination of genetic distances. Based on our former experiences, an SSR analysis was carried out on 96 grape accretions, mainly rootstocks. DNA was extracted from young leaves and analyses were carried out at 19 microsatellite loci. The loci were selected to cover all of the linkage groups to get a more accurate genotyping of each grape rootstock. Results of the SSR analysis and the resulting dendrogram showing genetic relatedness are presented.Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be established, that most of the selected loci showed appropriate polymorphism for the assessment of genetic relatedness. The rootstocks derived from Teleki’s seedlings showed high similarity. A low genetic distance was also detected between the accessions originated from the cross between Börner and Georgikon 28. Finally, the Vitis sylvestris accessions showed close relatedness with the Vitis vinifera L. varieties.Significance and impact of the study: Our results indicate a high level of polymorphism between grape rootstock accessions. Strong differences were detected between the so-called Teleki 5C (T5C) and Teleki-Kober 5BB (T5KBB) “clones”, suggesting that they are not real clones but different genotypes with highly similar morphological features.

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JUILLARD, M. "Proper Nouns as Proper Style-Markers of Poetry and Prose." Literary and Linguistic Computing 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/5.1.1.

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Koppel, Moshe, Navot Akiva, and Ido Dagan. "Feature instability as a criterion for selecting potential style markers." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 57, no. 11 (2006): 1519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.20428.

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El-Fiki, Ayman, and Mohamed Adly. "Molecular characterization and genetic diversity in some Egyptian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using microsatellite markers." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/978.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important and strategic cereal crop in Egypt and has many bread wheat varieties. Seventeen Egyptian bread wheat varieties used in this study with a set of sixteen wheat microsatellite markers to examine their utility in detecting DNA polymorphism, estimating genetic diversity and identifying genotypes. A total of 190 alleles were detected at 16 loci using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. The number of allele per locus ranged from 8 to 20, with an average of 11.875. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) average values were 0.8669, 0.8530 respectively. The (GA) n microsatellites were the highest polymorphic (20 alleles). The Jaccard's Coefficient for genetic similarity was ranged from 0.524 to 0.109 with average of 0.375. A dendrogram was prepared based on similarity matrix using UPGMA algorithm, divided the cultivars into two major clusters. The results proved the microsatellite markers utility in detecting polymorphism due to the discrimination of cultivars and estimating genetic diversity.

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Graham, Lamar. "Sociopragmatic variation in attention focus: 'mira', 'fíjate', and 'oye' in San Juan and Mexico City." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 10, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.10.1.5721.

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Discourse markers of attention focus (enfocadores de alteridad in Spanish) frequently serve the purposes of drawing the hearer’s attention to what the speaker is saying, either to establish or maintain contact between the two interlocutors. The current study aims to determine whether the choice of appellative marker is socially or grammatically motivated. Using sociolinguistic corpora from two major Latin American cities, the study will analyze the variation among the markers. More specifically, are there extenuating factors that influence whether a speaker elects to use mira, fíjate or oye to focus the attention of the hearer? The study finds that the choice between markers in San Juan and Mexico City is conditioned by different markers in each locale and, additionally, hints that the style of discourse may have an effect on the prevalence of these markers in general.

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Kim, Yu Kyung, Duk Hee Lee, Soo Hee Jin, Won Gil Lee, and Kyung Eun Song. "Relationships among Oxidative Stress Markers, Life Style Factors and Biochemical Findings." Annals of Laboratory Medicine 26, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2006.26.5.343.

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Vyshenskaya, Y. P. "SYNTACTIC MARKERS OF THE “AUREATE” STYLE OF THE ENGLISH MEDIEVAL POETRY." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 9, no. 3 (2018): 536–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2018-9-3-536-552.

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Sharova, Tetiana. "“THEMATIC AREAS” AND STYLE MARKERS OF SHORT PROSE BY KOSTYA GORDIENKO." LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, no. 14 (2019): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1416.

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Hess, Natalie. "Code switching and style shifting as markers of liminality in literature." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 5, no. 1 (February 1996): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394709600500102.

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This article focuses on the artistic function of code switching in literature. In particular, it showcases code switching as a marker of liminality - the state of creative in-betweenness which serves as an underpinning for unconscious literary designs. Particular examples of liminality in literature are illustrated through the works of John Steinbeck, Harper Lee, and Charlotte Bronte. The states of transition that form the central core of the works analysed are bolstered through the use of code switching, which.underscores the love/hate alliances, gender placements, and cultural dissonances of literary craft.

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Shapa, Ludmila, Olena Lebedieva, and Olga Gvozd. "Suffix morphemes in the attributes of two-component attributive constructions as style distinctive markers of official discourse." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-224-233.

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The article presents the comparative analysis results of differential and integral characteristics of suffix morphemes in the attributes of two-component attributive constructions which was carried out with the goal to identify attributes with suffixes as stylistic markers of official discourse.

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Yuan, Cunquan, Zhiyi Qu, Huitang Pan, Tangren Cheng, Jia Wang, and Qixiang Zhang. "Development and Identification of Expressed Sequence Tag-based SSR Markers Associated with the Heterostyly Trait in Primula forbesii." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 144, no. 4 (July 2019): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04652-19.

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Heterostylous Primula forbesii is an important ornamental flower in China because of its long-lasting flowers and winter bloom. This study aimed to develop markers of expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) that are associated with heterostyly and that can be used for molecular-assisted selective breeding in P. forbesii. We investigated 114,474 unigenes and identified 25,095 SSRs in P. forbesii. Dinucleotide repeats (46.14%), mononucleotide repeats (44.65%), and trinucleotide repeats (8.27%) were the most abundant SSRs. Among the 25,095 SSRs, 10,645 SSR primer pairs were successfully designed, of which 130 primer pairs were randomly selected for further amplification validation using eight accessions of P. forbesii; 98 pairs produced clear and stable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, and 28 pairs showed polymorphism. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was conducted for the F1 population with respect to thrum style and pin style by scanning 28 polymorphic SSR primer combinations. One SSR marker, c64326, linked to the heterostyly trait at a genetic distance of ≈3.70 cM was identified. The marker c64326 was further validated in two populations with an accuracy of 97.92% and 90.63%. The novel and linked EST-SSR markers can be valuable resources for genetic diversity analysis, mapping, and marker-assisted breeding in P. forbesii.

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De Mattia, Fabrizio, Serena Imazio, Fabrizio Grassi, Gianni Lovicu, Javier Tardáguila, Osvaldo Failla, Chiara Maitt, Attilio Scienza, and Massimo Labra. "Genetic characterization of Sardinia grapevine cultivars by SSR markers analysis." OENO One 41, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2007.41.4.837.

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Aim: The objective of the present study is to investigate the molecular characteristics of Sardinian grapevine cultivars to evaluate cases of synonyms and false attributions to protect local agro-biodiversity.Methods and results: The SSR analysis (13 loci) has been used to define the DNA fingerprint and the relationships with Sardinian grapevine cultivars. Results highlighted a high genetic variability among the accessions, with the Dice coefficients performing from 0 to 0.8. Despite the genetic richness, thirteen groups of redundant genotypes were detected. Molecular analysis refers of cultivars harbouring the same SSR profile but different berry colours such as cultivars Licronaxu Bianco and Nero and Moscatello Bianco and Nero. It could by hypothesized that Licronaxu and Moscatello could derive from a specific retrotransposon-induced mutation event in genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis.Conclusion: Sardinian germplasm has a real problem of cultivar identification probably due to different factors such as the absence of an exhaustive ampelography, problems in the language to name varieties and the existence of cultivars sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses producing evident morphological modifications leading to mistakes in recognising and identifying properly the affected plants. However, our molecular results suggest that high grape-biodiversity is still preserved in this region.Significance and impact of study: Results of this work clarified the relationships among grapevine cultivars and provided a solid basis to improve a regional grapevine collection.

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Al-Yatama, Fatima Ibrahim, Fatemah AlOtaibi, Maie Dawoud Al-Bader, and Kamal A. Al-Shoumer. "The Effect of Clothing on Vitamin D Status, Bone Turnover Markers, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Kuwaiti Females." International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (June 23, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6794837.

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Many Arab women in the Gulf region cover their bodies for cultural and religious reasons, limiting the skin’s exposure to sunlight and therefore its ability to synthesize vitamin D. The aim of this study is to determine whether the clothing style of Kuwaiti premenopausal women affects their vitamin D status, bone marker expression, and bone density. Three groups of healthy unmarried single Kuwaiti females (20-35 years old; n=30 per group) were recruited randomly from the general community: a control group who wear Western-style clothing (unveiled group), a group who wear a hejab that covers the whole body except for the face and hands (hejab group), and a group who wear a black veil with the entire body covered (veiled group). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone markers (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], osteocalcin, and β-CrossLaps), 25-hydroxy vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH], and calcitonin were measured. The bone marker osteocalcin was significantly higher in the hejab group compared to the control group, whereas P1NP and β-CrossLaps were significantly higher in the veiled group compared to the control group. 25-hydroxy vitamin D, iPTH, calcitonin, and BMD were not significantly different across the three groups despite the observed elevation in bone turnover markers. The majority of participants in all three groups exhibited vitamin D deficiency; however, the lowest vitamin D levels were observed among the hejab and veiled participants. These findings suggest that clothing style may contribute to vitamin D deficiency in young Kuwaiti women.

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이선영 and 김순영. "문체표지(style markers)로서의 말줄임표와 의성어․의태어 번역 — ｢풍금이 있던 자리｣를 중심으로." Journal of Translation Studies 16, no. 2 (June 2015): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15749/jts.2015.16.2.001.

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Esposito, Katherine, Miryam Ciotola, and Dario Giugliano. "Mediterranean diet, endothelial function and vascular inflammatory markers." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 8A (December 2006): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007668529.

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AbstractObjectivesTo discuss present knowledge about the relation between adipose tissue, inflammation and the Mediterranean-style diet.DesignReview of the literature and personal perspectives.Setting and resultsRecent studies indicate that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ producing numerous proteins, collectively referred to as adipokines, with broad biological activity, which play an important autocrine role in obesity-associated complications. Adipose tissue in general and visceral fat in particular are thought to be key regulators of inflammation which is heavily involved in the onset and development of atherothrombotic disease. Moreover, chronic inflammation may also represent a triggering factor in the origin of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An increased release of proinflammatory adipokines from the visceral adipose tissue, associated with a reduced secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines and cytokines, could determine a low-grade chronic inflammatory state which might play a role in the future development of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and atherosclerosis through both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Interventions aimed at decreasing weight loss and improving adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet in people with obesity or metabolic syndrome decrease the inflammatory milieu and ameliorate both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction.ConclusionsAppropriate dietary patterns, as those associated with the eating model of Mediterranean-type diets, represent therapeutic strategies to reduce inflammation and the associated metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

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Gray, Colin M. "Markers of Quality in Design Precedent." International Journal of Designs for Learning 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v11i3.31193.

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The generation and description of design precedent is at the core of design case scholarship. However, traditional standards of quality and rigor that are relevant for other types of design and scientific scholarship do not always apply equally to the generation of design cases. In this paper, I describe the nature of design precedent and the standards for evaluating precedent artifacts in a way that foregrounds access of the reader to aspects of design complexity in the design work being described. Standards of quality point towards theappropriateness and potential contribution of the precedent material to design knowledge, across the following dimensions: interest to other designers; rich representation of the design; articulation of transparency and failure; accessibility of style; and acknowledgement of complexity and scope.

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GORBACHEVA, ELENA N., JULIA M. FOKINA, and ALLA A. KALENDR. "PRAGMALINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDAGOGICAL STYLES OF COMMUNICATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENGLISH PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE)." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 76, no. 4 (2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2020-76-4-029-036.

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The analysis of pragmatic characteristics of linguistic means, manifesting democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication, is carried out. The material of the research was the original scripts of the feature films "Dead Poets Society" ("Society of Dead Poets", 1989) and "Mona Lisa Smile" ("Mona Lisa's smile", 2003). The following research methods such as conceptual analysis, interpretive analysis and pragmassemantic analysis were used. The aim of the work is to study the pragmalinguistic characteristics of pedagogical communication styles. The topic of the work seems to be relevant, since, on the one hand, there is an increased interest of linguists in the study of various aspects of pedagogical discourse, and on the other hand, pedagogical communication styles have not been sufficiently studied from a pragmalinguistic point of view. The democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication are considered. It has been established that each of them is characterized by a certain set of means, manifesting democracy and authoritarianism at the pragmalinguistic level. The revealed speech acts allow to characterize the communication styles of teachers as democratic or authoritarian. As a result of the analysis of the factual material, markers of the democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication were revealed. It was found that the democratic style of communication is manifested with the help of speech acts that perform an inspirational (inspirational) function, such as praise, imperatives (calls for value-related actions), declarative (proclamation of certain values); through a speech act of advice as well as a joke. The markers of the authoritarian style of communication include directive speech acts (warnings about punishment, bordering on a threat, requirements for compliance with established rules, orders, prohibitions, recommendations) and a speech act of teaching.

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Salayeva, Samira, Stéphanie Decroocq, Stéphanie Mariette, and Ellada Akhundova. "Comparison of genetic diversity between cultivated and wild grape varieties originating from the Near-Caspian zone of Azerbaijan." OENO One 44, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2010.44.4.1478.

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Aim: The Caucasus is considered as a possible primary centre of origin of grapevine. The aim of our research work was to study genetic diversity among cultivated Caucasian grape varieties and wild relatives originating from Near-Caspian areas of Azerbaijan on the basis of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.Methods and Results: Microsatellite allele data obtained in 31 local table grape varieties of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa (Absheron region) and 34 wild varieties of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Nabran, Davachi and Guba regions) were used to estimate population genetic parameters such as the polymorphism information content (PIC), the probability of identity (PI) and the frequency of null alleles (r). The genetic differences among the wild populations and between the wild and the cultivated gene pools were assessed using POPGENE, Arlequin and GENETIX programs. The selected fifteen microsatellite (SSR) markers revealed a high degree of polymorphism within and among the grape populations analyzed. The genetic similarity index ranged from 0.02 to 0.933.Conclusions: Among the selected markers, VVMD28 and VVMD36 displayed the highest diversity level regarding the expected heterozygosity and PIC (highest values) and PI (lowest values). In consequence, we postulate that these two markers are the most appropriate ones for the identification of grape accession and the determination of genetic diversity among cultivated and wild grape genotypes. Clustering analysis based on SSR markers data led to a good separation between cultivated and wild accessions and between wild accessions originating from different regions.Significance and impact of the study: The fifteen microsatellite markers used in this study were highly informative for the identification and analysis of genetic structure of Azerbaijan grapevine populations and clarified the relationships among grape accessions.

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KAYA, DR SENEM ÜSTÜN. "DICKENSIAN STYLE IN CHRISTMAS BOOKS." IJELLH (International Journal of English Language, Literature in Humanities) 5, no. 5 (May 30, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v5i5.1957.

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Charles Dickens, the author of novels, novellas, stories and essays, was highly concerned with the social issues of 19thcentury Victorian period. His writing style is marked with linguistic and artistic creativity, which provided him a label: Dickensian style. The striking common traits of Dickens’s works are repetitions and parallelism in lexical level; deviations and variations in narration; a combination of imagination with reality; fragmentations united within the flow of the action; detailed depiction of setting and characters; the repeated concrete nouns to subordinate abstract meaning; variation in characterization and experimentation with varied themes related to the deficiencies of his time. Many of these common traits of ‘Dickensian’ style are vividly observed in the five short Christmas stories in Christmas Books. Stylistic and linguistic variants of the stories lead to conclude that Dickens preferred certain stylistic markers and linguistic codes for his artistic goal: to attract the readers’ attention for social issues of Industrial Age of Victorian period via the use of certain lexis and syntactical patterns. The combination of his world-view and his artistic literary style manifest Dickens’s style, which can vividly be observed by his readers in Christmas Books. The scope of this analysis contains the application of a linguistic study for a literary purpose and the study involves the analysis of lexical categories determined by G. Leech and M. Short in Style in Fiction (1981).

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Janikowski, Przemysław. "Style of religious texts as a potential hindrance in interpreter training." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 16/4 (December 11, 2019): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2019.4.02.

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According to the thematic progression model of Janikowski (2011) religious texts can be used at the early stages of interpreter training. The reservations against such placement of allegedly stylistically sophisticated texts are scrutinised in the following paper by means of (1) developing a set of features of spoken religious discourse and (2) empirically testing their frequency in a convenience corpus. The results do show an unexpectedly high level of metaphorical saturation of spoken religious texts (1.4 per minute of speech), but they also show that only 8% of these metaphors were unconventional and that speakers sometimes employed special means of facilitating metaphor processing. Additionally, the appearance of other markers traditionally recognised as elements of religious style (intertextual allusions, markers of higher register and other figures of speech) was only marginal. Thus, the results support the use of religious texts as the second stage in thematic development, however, with a set of recommendations.

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Myronova, Natalia. "GENDER MARKERS AS A DOMINANT FEATURE OF AMELIE NOTHOMB’S STYLE (based on the novel “The Character of Rain”)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 32 (2017): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2017.32.09.

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Procaccia, Rossella, Guido Veronese, and Marco Castiglioni. "The Impact of Attachment Style on the Family Drawings of School-Aged Children." Open Psychology Journal 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101407010009.

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Objective: Primary school children's representations of themselves and their attachment figures were explored by assessing their family drawings. The main aim of the study was to empirically explore differences in the representations of children with secure versus insecure attachment. The study was theoretically informed by attachment theory and methodologically based on widely-used systems for analysing children’s drawings. Method: The Separation Anxiety Test was used to evaluate the attachment styles of 117 children (aged 6-10 years). This led to the identification of three groups, similar in age and gender distribution, with three different attachment styles (secure, anxious-ambivalent and avoidant). Each participant was asked to draw a family and the drawings produced were coded on 8 global scales and evaluated for the presence of 35 specific markers divided into five categories (characteristics of the figures; use of space; completeness of representation; emotional-affective tone; overall characteristics of the representation). Results: The drawings of securely attached children featured more positive markers, associated with a stable and well-integrated sense of self and others, whereas insecure children produced more markers of instability and negative emotion, with some interesting differences between anxious-ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles. Conclusion: Despite its limitations, the study confirmed that family drawings are a valid instrument for evaluating how children represent attachment, thereby facilitating early intervention to prevent later adjustment difficulties.

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STRAUS, JOSEPH N. "Disability and ““Late Style”” in Music." Journal of Musicology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 3–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2008.25.1.3.

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““Late style”” is a longstanding aesthetic category in all the arts. Late-style music is presumed to have certain internal qualities (such as fragmentation, intimacy, nostalgia, or concision) and to be associated with certain external factors (such as the age of the composer, his or her proximity to and foreknowledge of death, lateness within a historical period, or a sense of authorial belatedness with respect to significant predecessors). Upon closer inspection, it appears that many of these external factors are unreliably correlated with a musical style that might be described as late. Late style is often better correlated with the bodily or mental condition of the composer: most composers who write in what is recognized as a late style have shared experiences of non-normative bodily or mental function, that is, of impairment and disability. Composers inscribe their disabilities in their music, and the result is often correlated with what is generally called late style. Close readings of four modernist works serve to illuminate the concept: Stravinsky, Requiem Canticles; Schoenberg, String Trio; Bartóók, Third Piano Concerto; and Copland, Night Thoughts. In each case, I contend that the features of these works generally understood as markers of lateness are better understood in relation to the disabled bodies of their composers.

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Stamatatos, Efstathios, Nikos Fakotakis, and George Kokkinakis. "Automatic Text Categorization in Terms of Genre and Author." Computational Linguistics 26, no. 4 (December 2000): 471–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120100750105920.

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The two main factors that characterize a text are its content and its style, and both can be used as a means of categorization. In this paper we present an approach to text categorization in terms of genre and author for Modern Greek. In contrast to previous stylometric approaches, we attempt to take full advantage of existing natural language processing (NLP) tools. To this end, we propose a set of style markers including analysis-level measures that represent the way in which the input text has been analyzed and capture useful stylistic information without additional cost. We present a set of small-scale but reasonable experiments in text genre detection, author identification, and author verification tasks and show that the proposed method performs better than the most popular distributional lexical measures, i.e., functions of vocabulary richness and frequencies of occurrence of the most frequent words. All the presented experiments are based on unrestricted text downloaded from the World Wide Web without any manual text preprocessing or text sampling. Various performance issues regarding the training set size and the significance of the proposed style markers are discussed. Our system can be used in any application that requires fast and easily adaptable text categorization in terms of stylistically homogeneous categories. Moreover, the procedure of defining analysis-level markers can be followed in order to extract useful stylistic information using existing text processing tools.

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Begun, Erica. "THE MANY FACES OF FIGURINES." Ancient Mesoamerica 19, no. 2 (2008): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536108000412.

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AbstractFigurines offer archaeologists intriguing insights into many aspects of prehistoric culture. Beyond their utility as chronological markers, figurines offer information regarding the social and cultural structures of a society. This paper will demonstrate how the figurines of Michoacan can be used as markers of ethnic identity and ethnic continuity in the Lake Patzcauro Basin. The high degree of continuity in decorative and production styles throughout much of the sequence serves as evidence for ethnic continuity and the identity of the people who made the artifacts. A preliminary typology for the Michoacan figurines is presented to support the idea that a distinctly Michoacan style of figurine exists. The application of this figurine typology reveals a high degree of continuity in the figurine record. This supports the hypothesis that the ethnic origins of the Michoacan people may reach back as far as the Late Preclassic/Early Classic period.

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Opsahl, Toril. "Wolla I swear this is typical for the conversational style of adolescents in multiethnic areas in Oslo." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 2 (October 23, 2009): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586509990059.

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This paper argues that the conversational style of adolescents in multiethnic areas in Oslo is characterized by an extended degree of epistemic focus and expressions pointing explicitly towards the news value of utterances. The linguistic traits contributing to this notion is a set of discourse markers where wallah, or as it is often referred to in Norwegian; wolla (orig. Arab. ‘I swear by Allah’), seems to be prominent, together with Norwegian counterparts such as sverg, jeg sverger and helt ærlig (‘swear’, ‘I swear’ and ‘quite honestly’). Equipped with methodological insights from Interactional linguistics, the distribution and discourse functions of the markers are analysed in a corpus of conversations between adolescents growing up in multiethnic areas (the Upus/Oslo-corpus) and compared to another larger, representative corpus of modern Oslo dialect (the NoTa/Oslo-corpus). The discourse markers in question are also discussed in light of grammaticalization processes.

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Demina, Elena Anatolyevna. "Linguistic markers of represented speech in science fiction novels: a polyphonic approach." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.088.

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This paper aims to investigate the linguistic aspect of represented speech in the novel “The Martian Chronicles” by Ray Bradbury within the framework of M. Bakhtin’s concept of polyphony. The article provides a classification of linguistic signals of voices, determines their frequency, types of represented speech, the number of voices. The results of the study show that fragments with represented speech in the novel are few; as a rule, there are two voices in them. In other passages, despite the presence of several voices, the dialogical perspective is not expressed. Moreover, one linguistic marker can be simultaneously a lexical, syntactic and graphic signal; ideological markers creating a slight polyphonic effect. Syntactic means, being the most frequent ones, convey the perception of the character and form Bradbury’s special narration style.

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Bártová, Zuzana. "The Buddhist Style in Consumer Culture: From Aesthetics to Emotional Patterns." Journal of Religion in Europe 14, no. 1-2 (July 26, 2021): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-20211488.

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Abstract This paper contributes to the sociological theorization of religious lifestyles in consumer culture, analyzing one of its most important identity markers: style. Based on a three-year comparative ethnographic research project into five convert Buddhist organizations in France and the Czech Republic, it finds that style is expressed through aesthetics with its adornment practices apparent in everyday life materializations of Buddhist symbols. The stylistic dimension is also found in practitioners’ attitudes towards Buddhism, as they may use the discourse of taste. Moreover, Buddhist style stands for the collective, coherent, and systematic emotional patterns expressed in Buddhist symbols, individual and collective experiences, and the ethics and behavior they display in everyday life. The paper also explores how this style is adapted to the educated, middle-class, city-dweller practitioners and how it respects dynamics of consumer culture with its emphasis on identity, style, and values of well-being, authenticity, and personal development.

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Nalyvaiko, Dmytro. "Disintegration Markers of Genre and Style System in Literature of the 2nd Half of the 20th Century." Слово і Час, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.11.4-19.

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The article focuses on the transformation processes that took place in literature at the level of its genre and style typology. In the 2nd half of the 20th century certain genres and types of writing acquired meanings and functions of styles. It could be one of the most widespread or even dominant genres (for example, ‘new novel’), a type of ﬁction (modern ‘literature of fact’), a genre of literature at the border with other kinds of spiritual and creative activity (essay, biography, etc.). The functioning in a literary process made them close to styles and literary trends and changed their basic code. Usually they acted as dominant ramiﬁed genres or types of writing subordinating other (marginal) genre forms. A paradigmatic feature of a ‘new novel’ is convergence of literature and science, writers and scientists. Due to scientiﬁc and technical revolution the criterion of accuracy and appreciation of real fact and document took an important place in a writer’s conscience. The ‘aesthetics of fact’, formed on this ground, gave a basis for the non-ﬁctional genres in the 20th-century literature. The use of ready ‘blocks of life’ in the non-ﬁction of the 2nd half of the 20th century is tightly connected to acute conceptuality and often to apparent journalism. The writer’s imagination was focused on revealing semantic and artistic potential of the real facts. The intellectual prose, dramaturgy and partly poetry were full of genres and genre varieties with strict semantic and imaginative structure, aimed to express certain generalizations and actual world view ideas. These are novels-parables, novels-allegories, novels-symbols, and others like that. The theme and motive construct, especially in its mental and epistemological aspect, became frequent in a lyrical poetry. It was the way of forming the metagenre concepts of philosophical and meditative lyrical poetry, as well as, in particular, metaphysical, prophetical, suggestive, intimate, social, and journalistic one, with their inherent main codes. The process of leveling and destructing the traditional genres, styles, and their systems in postmodernism, as well as recombining their components, resulted in emergence of numerous hybrid forms. The ratio of original and repetitive or paraphrased material in the literary works began to change.

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El Oualkadi, Aicha, Mohammed Ater, Zerhoune Messaoudi, Valérie Laucou, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, Thierry Lacombe, and Patrice This. "Molecular characterization of Moroccan grapevine germplasm using SSR markers for the establishment of a reference collection." OENO One 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2009.43.3.797.

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Aims: This study aims to characterize the SODEA ampelographic collection in Meknès, the only germplasm repository in Morocco. To assess the usefulness of this germplasm, a study was conducted to verify the trueness to type of the genotypes and to provide the first database for a reference collection in Morocco. A core collection was then established to define a small sample easier to handel further characterization.Methods and results: Ninety-four grapevine samples from the collection were analyzed using 20 nuclear SSR markers. From these samples, we identified 67 grapevine genotypes. The nuclear SSRs revealed a high diversity within the SODEA collection: 202 alleles were detected with a mean of 10.1 alleles per locus. Analysis of molecular data with the software DARwin was used to classify the genotypes into six groups according to their origin or their genetic relatedness. The 18 autochthonous cultivars were differentiated according to geographical origin (North vs. South). We established a core collection among this germplasm using MSTRAT: the complete diversity present in the collection was captured with only 34 individuals. Nevertheless, an optimal core collection representing 89% of the diversity was constituted by only 17 cultivars. Among these 17 individuals, 5 are autochthonous.Conclusion: The collection of SODEA represents a unique resources of grapevines for Morocco. It contains several important autochthonous cultivars in terms of diversity and agronomic utilisation.Significance and impact of the study: The study showed potential and interest of the cultivars present in the collection of SODEA, suggesting that their utilisation may be important for the farmers.

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Acuña Ferreira, Virginia. "Gender and expletives as discourse markers: Some uses of joder in young women’s interactions in Spanish and Galician." Feminismo/s, no. 38 (July 13, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.38.03.

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This paper approaches young women’s speaking style by analysing the ways in which the interjection joder is employed in interactions in Spanish and Galician among young females. The analysis identifies several uses of this form at the interactional and discursive level: reinforcement of speech acts, marker of disagreement, marker of complaints, expression of minimal emotional assessments, correcting and stalling. It is concluded that joder has developed multiple functions in interaction as a discursive marker, in contrast to arguments against the inclusion of interjections in this pragmatic category. The findings also suggest that this expletive fulfils a sociolinguistic function as a marker of ‘young femininities’, since it demonstrates how it has been integrated into young women’s speaking style, in contrast to traditional gender rules and broader descriptions of ‘women’s talk’ in Language and Gender studies.

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Devanand, Pachanoor S., Jianjun Chen, Richard J. Henny, and Chih-Cheng T. Chao. "Assessment of Genetic Relationships among Philodendron Cultivars Using AFLP Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 5 (September 2004): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.5.0690.

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Philodendrons (Philodendron Schott) are among the most popular tropical ornamental foliage plants used for interior decoration. However, limited information is available on the genetic relationships among popular Philodendron species and cultivars. This study analyzed genetic similarity of 43 cultivars across 15 species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with near infrared fluorescence labeled primers. Forty-eight EcoR I + 2/Mse I + 3 primer set combinations were screened, from which six primer sets were selected and used in this investigation. Each selected primer set generated 96 to 130 scorable fragments. A total of 664 AFLP fragments were detected, of which 424 (64%) were polymorphic. All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their AFLP fingerprints, and the relationships were analyzed using the unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic average cluster analysis (UPGMA) and principal coordinated analysis (PCA). The 43 cultivars were divided into five clusters. Cluster I comprises eight cultivars with arborescent growth style. Cluster II has only one cultivar, `Goeldii'. There are 16 cultivars in cluster III, and most of them are self-heading interspecific hybrids originated from R.H. McColley's breeding program in Apopka, Fla. Cluster IV contains 13 cultivars that exhibit semi-vining growth style. Cluster V has five cultivars that are true vining in morphology, and they have lowest genetic similarity with philodendrons in other clusters. Cultivated philodendrons are generally genetically diverse except the self-heading hybrids in cluster III that were mainly developed using self-heading and semi-vining species as parents. Seven hybrid cultivars have Jaccard's similarity coefficients of 0.88 or higher, suggesting that future hybrid development needs to select parents with diverse genetic backgrounds.

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Adamson, H. D. "CODES AND CONSEQUENCES: CHOOSING LINGUISTIC VARIETIES.Carol Myers-Scotton (Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Pp. x + 219. $24.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 2 (June 2000): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100262062.

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The phenomenon of styleswitching has been important in the study of L1 and L2 language use. Labov's early studies correlated formal style with attention paid to speech, a notion echoed in Krashen's monitor model. Giles' accommodation theory and Bell's audience design theory claim that speakers styleswitch in order to accommodate to the speech of their audience. Several SLA scholars have found evidence for accommodation in L2 speech as well. Such correlational studies have been criticized for lacking a clear foundation in cognitive theory. In this volume Myers-Scotton describes her Markedness Model (MM), which grounds styleswitching (including codeswitching) in the cognitive theory of somatic markers (Damasio, 1994). Because speech styles are distinguished mainly by the frequency at which certain features (such as dropping a consonant from a cluster) appear, variationists have sought to identify a cognitive mechanism that could account for the apparent fine-tuning of feature frequencies. However, it is not clear from the discussion in this volume whether the somatic marker hypothesis provides such a mechanism.

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Dzhambazova, Teodora, Ivan Tsvetkov, Ilian Simeonov, Miroslav Ivanov, Zdravko Nakov, Violeta Dimitrova, Ivan Atanassov, and Tzvetanka Hvarleva. "Genetic diversity and relationships of indigenous and newly bred Bulgarian grape cultivars assessed by nuclear and chloroplast markers." OENO One 46, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2012.46.2.1510.

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Aim: Assessment of the genetic diversity and relationships in a group of 31 Bulgarian grape accessions through microsatellite markers.Methods and results: Thirty-one accessions, including 20 old rare local and 11 newly bred varieties were characterized through 13 nuclear and 5 chloroplast microsatellite loci. The genetic diversity (0.81±0.01) obtained for the investigated group of cultivars was comparable to those reported for other grapevine germplasms. The low PI value (1.0x10-16) allowed proper genetic identification and determination of synonyms. Microsatellite analysis of the 31 accessions resulted in 26 unique genotypes and 2 groups of synonyms. Four cases of supposed synonymy with local Bulgarian and foreign cultivars were rejected. Three chlorotypes, B, C and D, were defined among the studied cultivars, with a prevalence of chlorotype C (62%).Conclusion: The high genetic diversity found in the set of old rare grapevines demonstrated their importance as a rich source of alleles for breeding. The pattern of chlorotype distribution observed among local varieties confirmed the previous results and supports the hypothesis of an Eastern origin of local Bulgarian cultivars.Significance and impact of the study: The obtained results provide an important support for the preservation of grape biodiversity in Bulgaria as well as for the clarification of genetic relationships between local and foreign cultivars.

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Mendiburo-Seguel, Andrés, and Sonja Heintz. "Comic styles and their relation to the sense of humor, humor appreciation, acceptability of prejudice, humorous self-image and happiness." HUMOR 33, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2018-0151.

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AbstractThe present study investigates the relationships of eight comic styles (fun, benevolent humor, nonsense, wit, irony, satire, sarcasm, and cynicism) with acceptability of prejudice (laughing at different groups and topics), humorous self-image (funniness and frequency of laughter), humor appreciation (funniness and aversiveness of cartoons with different structures and contents), and happiness. A representative Chilean adult sample (N=857, 60.8% women; age M=40.50, SD=17.28) was recruited in face-to-face interviews and online surveys. They completed self-reports of all variables as well as a humor appreciation test. Most of the comic styles related to finding the cartoons funnier. Furthermore, the darker styles were more strongly related to laughing at a variety of topics and groups. Also, happiness was positively related to fun and benevolent humor and negatively to cynicism. This study provides evidence of the criterion validity of the Comic Style Markers in Latin-American cultures and highlights differences between lighter and darker styles.

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Sadeghi, Behnam. "The Chronology of the Qurān: A Stylometric Research Program." Arabica 58, no. 3 (2011): 210–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005810x529692.

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AbstractI verify a chronology in which seven groups of passages represent consecutive phases. A proposed chronology is verified if independent markers of style vary over its phases in a smooth fashion. Four markers of style follow smooth trajectories over the seven phases: The first is average verse length. The second encompasses the 28 most common morphemes in the Qurān. The percentages of these morphemes in a text constitute its stylistic profile. The thus-defined stylistic profile is shown to vary in a smooth fashion over “time”, i.e. over the proposed chronological sequence of phases. Third, a similar thing holds for a profile based on the frequencies of 114 other common morphemes. Fourth, similar results are obtained for a list of 3693 relatively uncommon morphemes. In addition to establishing a relative chronology in seven phases, this essay demonstrates the stylistic unity of many large passages. It also shows that the Qurān has one author.

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Rao, N. W., K. Holven, V. T. Hansen, I. Narverud, M. Hjermstad, I. Dahlman, S. Ulven, A. Bye, and P. O. Iversen. "PP220-MON BODY FAT AND RISK MARKERS OF LIFE-STYLE RELATED DISORDERS IN LEAN SUBJECTS." Clinical Nutrition Supplements 7, no. 1 (September 2012): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1744-1161(12)70559-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Style markers'

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