Relevant bibliographies by topics / STXS

Academic literature on the topic 'STXS'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "STXS"

1

Matussek, Andreas, Joerg Lauber, Anna Bergau, Wiebke Hansen, Manfred Rohde, Kurt E. J. Dittmar, Matthias Gunzer, et al. "Molecular and functional analysis of Shiga toxin–induced response patterns in human vascular endothelial cells." Blood 102, no. 4 (August 15, 2003): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-10-3301.

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Abstract Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is the major cause of hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS) characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. EHEC produces one or more Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2), and it was assumed that Stx's only relevant biologic activity was cell destruction through inhibition of protein synthesis. However, recent data indicate that in vivo the cytokine milieu may determine whether endothelial cells survive or undergo apoptosis/necrosis when exposed to Stxs. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide expression patterns of human endothelial cells stimulated with subinhibitory concentrations of Stxs in order to characterize the genomic expression program involved in the vascular pathology of HUS. We found that Stxs elicited few, but reproducible, changes in gene expression. The majority of genes reported in this study encodes for chemokines and cytokines, which might contribute to the multifaceted inflammatory response of host endothelial cells observed in patients suffering from EHEC disease. In addition, our data provide for the first time molecular insights into the epidemiologically well-established higher pathogenicity of Stx2 over Stx1.
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Lentz, Erin K., Dinorah Leyva-Illades, Moo-Seung Lee, Rama P. Cherla, and Vernon L. Tesh. "Differential Response of the Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Line HK-2 to Shiga Toxin Types 1 and 2." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 9 (June 27, 2011): 3527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05139-11.

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ABSTRACTShiga toxins (Stxs) are expressed by the enteric pathogensShigella dysenteriaeserotype 1 and certain serotypes ofEscherichia coli. Stx-producing bacteria cause bloody diarrhea with the potential to progress to acute renal failure. Stxs are potent protein synthesis inhibitors and are the primary virulence factors responsible for renal damage that may follow diarrheal disease. We explored the use of the immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 as anin vitromodel of Stx-induced renal damage. We showed that these cells express abundant membrane Gb3and are differentially susceptible to the cytotoxic action of Stxs, being more sensitive to Shiga toxin type 1 (Stx1) than to Stx2. At early time points (24 h), HK-2 cells were significantly more sensitive to Stxs than Vero cells; however, by 72 h, Vero cell monolayers were completely destroyed while some HK-2 cells survived toxin challenge, suggesting that a subpopulation of HK-2 cells are relatively toxin resistant. Fluorescently labeled Stx1 B subunits localized to both lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartments in HK-2 cells, suggesting that differences in intracellular trafficking may play a role in susceptibility to Stx-mediated cytotoxicity. Although proinflammatory cytokines were not upregulated by toxin challenge, Stx2 selectively induced the expression of two chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β. Stx1 and Stx2 differentially activated components of the ER stress response in HK-2 cells. Finally, we demonstrated significant poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage after exposure to Stx1 or Stx2. However, procaspase 3 cleavage was undetectable, suggesting that HK-2 cells may undergo apoptosis in response to Stxs in a caspase 3-independent manner.
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Ogawa, Michinaga, Kensuke Shimizu, Koji Nomoto, Masatoshi Takahashi, Masaaki Watanuki, Ryuichiro Tanaka, Tetsuya Tanaka, Takashi Hamabata, Shinji Yamasaki, and Yoshifumi Takeda. "Protective Effect of Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota on Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coliO157:H7 Infection in Infant Rabbits." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 1101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.1101-1108.2001.

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ABSTRACT We examined colonization patterns of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC), concentrations of Shiga toxins (Stxs) and specific immunoglobulin A (lgA) against Stxs and STEC bacterial cell surface antigen in various portions of the gastrointestinal tract in an infant rabbit infection model. After inoculation of 3-day-old infant rabbits with STEC strain 89020087 at low doses (∼103 CFU/body), numbers of colonizing STEC bacteria and concentrations of Stxs in the intestine increased dramatically and the animals developed diarrhea within a couple of days after infection. Daily administration ofLactobacillus casei from the day of birth dramatically decreased the severity of diarrhea and lowered STEC colonization levels in the gastrointestinal tract 100-fold day 7 after infection. Both Stx1 and Stx2 concentrations in the intestines and histological damage to the intestinal mucus induced by STEC infection were decreased by the administration of L. casei. Examination of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and pH of the intestinal contents revealed that the protective effect of L. caseiadministration against STEC infection was not due to fermented products such as lactic acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Administration ofL. casei increased levels of lgAs against Stx1, Stx2, and formalin-killed STEC cells in the colon approximately two-, four-, and threefold, respectively, compared with those of the untreated controls by day 7 after infection. These results suggest that administration ofL. casei strain Shirota enhances the local immune responses to STEC cells and Stxs and leads to elimination of STEC and thus decreases Stx concentrations in the intestines.
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Skinner, Craig, Guodong Zhang, Stephanie Patfield, and Xiaohua He. "AnIn VitroCombined Antibiotic-Antibody Treatment Eliminates Toxicity from Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 9 (June 22, 2015): 5435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00763-15.

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ABSTRACTTreating Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) gastrointestinal infections is difficult. The utility of antibiotics for STEC treatment is controversial, since antibiotic resistance among STEC isolates is widespread and certain antibiotics dramatically increase the expression of Shiga toxins (Stxs), which are some of the most important virulence factors in STEC. Stxs contribute to life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which develops in considerable proportions of patients with STEC infections. Understanding the antibiotic resistance profiles of STEC isolates and the Stx induction potential of promising antibiotics is essential for evaluating any antibiotic treatment of STEC. In this study, 42 O157:H7 or non-O157 STEC isolates (including the “big six” serotypes) were evaluated for their resistance against 22 antibiotics by using an antibiotic array. Tigecycline inhibited the growth of all of the tested STEC isolates and also inhibited the production of Stxs (Stx2 in particular). In combination with neutralizing antibodies to Stx1 and Stx2, the tigecycline-antibody treatment fully protected Vero cells from Stx toxicity, even when the STEC bacteria and the Vero cells were cultured together. The combination of an antibiotic such as tigecycline with neutralizing antibodies presents a promising strategy for future STEC treatments.
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Thorpe, Cheleste M., Wendy E. Smith, Bryan P. Hurley, and David W. K. Acheson. "Shiga Toxins Induce, Superinduce, and Stabilize a Variety of C-X-C Chemokine mRNAs in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Resulting in Increased Chemokine Expression." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 6140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6140-6147.2001.

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ABSTRACT Exposure of humans to Shiga toxins (Stxs) is a risk factor for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Because Stx-producingEscherichia coli (STEC) is a noninvasive enteric pathogen, the extent to which Stxs can cross the host intestinal epithelium may affect the risk of developing HUS. We have previously shown that Stxs can induce and superinduce IL-8 mRNA and protein in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro via a ribotoxic stress response. We used cytokine expression arrays to determine the effect of Stx1 on various C-X-C chemokine genes in IECs. We observed that Stx1 induces multiple C-X-C chemokines at the mRNA level, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), GRO-α, GRO-β, GRO-γ, and ENA-78. Like that of IL-8, GRO-α and ENA-78 mRNAs are both induced and superinduced by Stx1. Furthermore, Stx1 induces both IL-8 and GRO-α protein in a dose-response fashion, despite an overall inhibition in host cell protein synthesis. Stx1 treatment stabilizes both IL-8 and GRO-α mRNA. We conclude that Stxs are able to increase mRNA and protein levels of multiple C-X-C chemokines in IECs, with increased mRNA stability at least one mechanism involved. We hypothesize that ribotoxic stress is a pathway by which Stxs can alter host signal transduction in IECs, resulting in the production of multiple chemokine mRNAs, leading to increased expression of specific proteins. Taken together, these data suggest that exposing IECs to Stxs may stimulate a proinflammatory response, resulting in influx of acute inflammatory cells and thus contributing to the intestinal tissue damage seen in STEC infection.
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Smith, Wendy E., Anne V. Kane, Sausan T. Campbell, David W. K. Acheson, Brent H. Cochran, and Cheleste M. Thorpe. "Shiga Toxin 1 Triggers a Ribotoxic Stress Response Leading to p38 and JNK Activation and Induction of Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 3 (March 2003): 1497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1497-1504.2003.

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ABSTRACT Shiga toxins made by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome. Shiga toxins (Stxs) may access the host systemic circulation by absorption across the intestinal epithelium. The effects of Stxs on this cell layer are not completely understood, although animal models of STEC infection suggest that, in the gut, Stxs may participate in both immune activation and apoptosis. Stxs have one enzymatically active A subunit associated with five identical B subunits. The A subunit inactivates ribosomes by cleaving a specific adenine from the 28S rRNA. We have previously shown that Stxs can induce multiple C-X-C chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), and that Stx-induced IL-8 expression is linked to induction of c-Jun mRNA and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway activity. We now report Stx1 induction of both primary response genes c-jun and c-fos and activation of the stress-activated protein kinases, JNK/SAPK and p38, in the intestinal epithelial cell line HCT-8. By 1 h of exposure to Stx1, mRNAs for c-jun and c-fos are induced, and both JNK and p38 are activated; activation of both kinases persisted up to 24 h. Stx1 enzymatic activity was required for kinase activation; a catalytically defective mutant toxin did not activate either. Stx1 treatment of HCT-8 cells resulted in cell death that was associated with caspase 3 cleavage and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation; this cytotoxicity also required Stx1 enzymatic activity. Blocking Stx1-induced p38 and JNK activation with the inhibitor SB202190 prevented cell death and diminished Stx1-associated caspase 3 cleavage. In summary, these data link the Stx1-induced ribotoxic stress response with both chemokine expression and apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cell line HCT-8 and suggest that blocking host cell MAP kinases may prevent these Stx-associated events.
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Ishikawa, Satoshi, Kazuyoshi Kawahara, Yutaka Kagami, Yasunori Isshiki, Aki Kaneko, Hidenori Matsui, Nobuhiko Okada, and Hirofumi Danbara. "Protection against Shiga Toxin 1 Challenge by Immunization of Mice with Purified Mutant Shiga Toxin 1." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 6 (June 2003): 3235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.6.3235-3239.2003.

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ABSTRACT Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was cloned, and four mutant Stx1s were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis with PCR. The wild-type and mutant Stx1s with amino acid replacements at positions 167 and 170 of the A subunit were purified by one-step affinity chromatography with commercially available Globotriose Fractogel, and the mutant Stxs were used for the immunization of mice. The mutant toxins were nontoxic to Vero cells in vitro and to mice in vivo and induced the immunoglobulin G antibody against the wild-type Stx1, which neutralized the cytotoxicity of Stx1. The induced antibody titers depended on the mutation at position 170 of the A subunit. The mice immunized with the mutant Stx1s were protected against a challenge of approximately 100 times the 50% lethal dose of the wild-type Stx1, suggesting that the mutant toxins are good candidates for toxoid vaccines for infection by Stx1-producing E. coli.
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Leyva-Illades, Dinorah, Rama P. Cherla, Moo-Seung Lee, and Vernon L. Tesh. "Regulation of Cytokine and Chemokine Expression by the Ribotoxic Stress Response Elicited by Shiga Toxin Type 1 in Human Macrophage-Like THP-1 Cells." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 6 (March 19, 2012): 2109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.06025-11.

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ABSTRACTShiga toxins (Stxs) are cytotoxins produced by the enteric pathogensShigella dysenteriaeserotype 1 and Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). Stxs bind to a membrane glycolipid receptor, enter cells, and undergo retrograde transport to ultimately reach the cytosol, where the toxins exert their protein synthesis-inhibitory activity by depurination of a single adenine residue from the 28S rRNA component of eukaryotic ribosomes. The depurination reaction activates the ribotoxic stress response, leading to signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (Jun N-terminal protein kinase [JNK], p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK]) in human epithelial, endothelial, and myeloid cells. We previously showed that treatment of human macrophage-like THP-1 cells with Stxs resulted in increased cytokine and chemokine expression. In the present study, we show that individual inactivation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs using pharmacological inhibitors in the presence of Stx1 resulted in differential regulation of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and chemokines IL-8, growth-regulated protein-β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β. THP-1 cells exposed to Stx1 upregulate the expression of select dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), enzymes that dephosphorylate and inactivate MAPKs in mammalian cells. In this study, we confirmed DUSP1 protein production by THP-1 cells treated with Stx1. DUSP1 inhibition by triptolide showed that ERK and p38 phosphorylation is regulated by DUSP1, while JNK phosphorylation is not. Inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling blocked the ability of Stx1 to induce DUSP1 mRNA expression, suggesting that an autoregulatory signaling loop may be activated by Stxs. Thus, Stxs appear to be capable of eliciting signals which both activate and deactivate signaling for increased cytokine/chemokine production in human macrophage-like cells.
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Hurley, Bryan P., Cheleste M. Thorpe, and David W. K. Acheson. "Shiga Toxin Translocation across Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by Neutrophil Transmigration." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 6148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6148-6155.2001.

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ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes serious illness, including hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC colonizes the lower intestine and produces Shiga toxins (Stxs). Stxs appear to translocate across intestinal epithelia and affect sensitive endothelial cell beds at various sites. We have previously shown that Stxs cross polarized intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via a transcellular route and remain biologically active. Since acute inflammatory infiltration of the gut and fecal leukocytes is seen in many STEC-infected patients and since polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration across polarized IECs diminishes the IEC barrier function in vitro, we hypothesized that PMN transmigration may enhance Stx movement across IECs. We found that basolateral-to-apical transmigration of neutrophils significantly increased the movement of Stx1 and Stx2 across polarized T84 IECs in the opposite direction. The amount of Stx crossing the T84 barrier was proportional to the degree of neutrophil transmigration, and the increase in Stx translocation appears to be due to increases in paracellular permeability caused by migrating PMNs. STEC clinical isolates applied apically induced PMN transmigration across and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from T84 cells. Of the 10 STEC strains tested, three STEC strains lackingeae and espB (eae- andespB-negative STEC strains) induced significantly more neutrophil transmigration and significantly greater IL-8 secretion thaneae- and espB-positive STEC or enteropathogenic E. coli. This study suggests that STEC interaction with intestinal epithelia induces neutrophil recruitment to the intestinal lumen, resulting in neutrophil extravasation across IECs, and that during this process Stxs may pass in greater amounts into underlying tissues, thereby increasing the risk of HUS.
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Leyva-Illades, Dinorah, Rama P. Cherla, Cristi L. Galindo, Ashok K. Chopra, and Vernon L. Tesh. "Global Transcriptional Response of Macrophage-Like THP-1 Cells to Shiga Toxin Type 1." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 6 (March 29, 2010): 2454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01341-09.

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ABSTRACT Shiga toxins (Stxs) are bacterial cytotoxins produced by the enteric pathogens Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of Escherichia coli that cause bacillary dysentery and hemorrhagic colitis, respectively. To date, approaches to studying the capacity of Stxs to alter gene expression in intoxicated cells have been limited to individual genes. However, it is known that many of the signaling pathways activated by Stxs regulate the expression of multiple genes in mammalian cells. To expand the scope of analysis of gene expression and to better understand the underlying mechanisms for the various effects of Stxs on host cell functions, we carried out comparative microarray analyses to characterize the global transcriptional response of human macrophage-like THP-1 cells to Shiga toxin type 1 (Stx1) and lipopolysaccharides. The data were analyzed by using a rigorous combinatorial approach with three separate statistical algorithms. A total of 36 genes met the criteria of upregulated expression in response to Stx1 treatment, with 14 genes uniquely upregulated by Stx1. Microarray data were validated by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for genes encoding early growth response 1 (Egr-1) (transcriptional regulator), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2; inflammation), and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), DUSP5, and DUSP10 (regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling). Stx1-mediated signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Egr-1 appears to be involved in the increased expression and production of the proinflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor alpha. Activation of COX-2 is associated with the increased production of proinflammatory and vasoactive eicosanoids. However, the capacity of Stx1 to increase the expression of genes encoding phosphatases suggests that mechanisms to dampen the macrophage proinflammatory response may be built into host response to the toxins.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "STXS"

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González, Antonio Pablo. "IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS GENES: Stx1, Stx2, eaeA Y hlyA, EN CEPAS DE Escherichia coli AISLADAS DE CANALES Y CARNE PROCESADA DE OVINOS." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94389.

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E. coli productora de toxina shiga (ECST) y E. coli enterohemorrágica (ECEH) pertenecen a los grupos patógenos de Escherichia coli causantes de enfermedades diarreicas. La presencia de ECST y ECEH en estas enfermedades diarreicas se atribuye principalmente al consumo de vegetales y carnes provenientes de bovinos y ovinos contaminados con estos grupos patógenos y que actualmente se encuentran dentro de las etiologías más importantes del grupo de Enfermedades Trasmitidas por Alimentos (ETA). ECST y ECEH presentan los genes Stx1, Stx2, eaeA y hlyA que codifican a proteínas con cualidades toxicas para el hombre ocasionando graves enfermedades como la colitis hemorrágica (CH), síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH) y purpura trombocitopénica trombótica (PTT). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la presencia de los genes Stx1, Stx2, eaeA y hlyA en los aislamientos de E. coli obtenidos de canales de ovinos en rastro municipal de Capulhuac y en carne procesada de ovinos provenientes de la ciudad de Toluca. Se analizaron 71 aislados de E. coli para la identificación genes característicos de los grupos patógenos de ECST y ECEH. Los resultados encontrados indican: los 18 aislamientos de E. coli obtenidas de la carne procesada de ovinos no se identifica la presencia los genes analizados y, por otro lado, de los 53 aislados obtenidos de las canales de ovinos en el rastro municipal de Capulhuac, México, amplificaron los genes Stx1 en 3.7% (2/53), Stx2 en 5.6% (3/53), eaeA en 3.7% (2/53) y hlyA en 3.7% (2/53). De tal manera, que estas canales puede ser una fuente potencial de infección por E. coli productora de toxina shiga y E. coli enterohemorrágica.
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MUNGO, DAVIDE PIETRO. "MEASUREMENT OF THE SM HIGGS BOSON PROPERTIES IN THE DIPHOTON DECAY CHANNEL WITH THE ATLAS RUN 2 DATASET." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/918268.

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On the 4th July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations announced the discovery of a particle with mass around 125 GeV compatible with the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model. The long sought Higgs boson was observed combining the three most sensitive decay channels in a hadron collider, the H->yy, H->4l and H->WW channels. The collaborations have then started a huge effort in assessing its properties with the highest possible precision and found them to agree with the ones predicted for the SM Higgs boson within the statistical precision. Nowadays, this program is not settled yet: the Higgs boson still attracts our interest because it interacts with almost all the Standard Model particles and it is considered a portal towards new physics beyond the SM. The work reported in this manuscript is fully part of this physic program, focusing on the measurement of the Higgs boson mass and production cross sections in the channel, performed with the pp collision dataset collected by ATLAS at LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and amounting to 139 fb^-1 . In this manuscript, the full analysis chain is described and particular emphasis is placed in the description of the innovative event categorization procedures I have­ designed for the coupling and mass measurements. The Higgs boson pro­­duction cross sections are measured in several different parametrizations in order to deeply explore its production phase space and represents the final Run 2 results for this decay channel. The results are up­­ to a factor 4 more precise than latest results and they have been found to be compatible with the Standard Model prediction. The expected result for the Higgs mass measurement is reported as well and it presents a sizeable improvement with respect to the latest published results.
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Assumpção, Gustavo Lacerda Homem [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos padrões de susceptibilidade antimicrobianas e sorogrupos de cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de bovinos leiteiros, portadoras e não portadoras dos genes stx1, stx2 e eae." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94796.

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O presente estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013 em fazendas leiteiras da região de Dracena, São Paulo. Durante o período, foram coletadas 800 amostras de fezes com suabes retais em vacas leiteiras. Essas amostras foram levadas para o Laboratório de Microbiologia do Campus Experimental de Dracena, onde foram isoladas e identificadas 561 amostras para Escherichia coli. Após o isolamento foram extraídos os DNAs de todas as amostras pelo método da fervura e por PCR o DNA foi amplificado para se detectar a presença dos genes de virulência de E. coli pertencentes ao grupo STEC, produtora de toxina tipo shiga em 446 amostras. De todas as cepas isoladas 90 eram portadoras do gene stx1, 97 do gene stx2, 45 do gene eae, 37 dos genes stx1 e stx2, 110 dos genes stx1 e eae e 67 dos genes stx2 e eae. Foram isoladas também 115 cepas que não eram portadoras de nenhum dos genes de virulência de STECs do estudo. Todos os isolados de E. coli portadores de cada gene de virulência foram avaliados quanto a resistência frente a 10 antimicrobianos. Os percentuais de resistências aos antimicrobianos foram maiores para a lincomicina, penicilina e novobiocina e menores para ampicilina, neomicina e tetraciclina. Foram identificados os sorogrupos, dos quais os mais frequentes entre os isolados portadores do gene de virulência stx1 foram o O119 e O114; do gene de virulência stx2 foram os sorogrupos O9 e O8; e do gene de virulência eae foram os sorogrupos O9, O8 e O127. Todos os isolados de E. coli apresentaram multirresistência e a maioria apresentou maior percentagem de multirresistência contra 2 a 3 e contra 10 antimicrobianos. Não foi verificado estatisticamente relação entre os padrões de virulência e os padrões de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre as amostras
The present study was conducted between january 2012 to january 2013 on dairy farms of Dracena city region, São Paulo. During the period, 800 samples of faeces were collected with rectal suabs from dairy cattle cows. Those samples were taken to the laboratory of microbiology of Dracena Experimental Campus, where 561 samples were isolated and identified for Escherichia coli. After the DNA from the samples were extracted by the boiling method and with PCR the genetic material was amplified to detect the presence of virulence genes from STEC, shiga-like toxin producer E. coli, on 446 samples. Of those samples, 90 were carriers of the stx1 gene, 97 of the gene stx2, 45 of the gene eae, 37 of the genes stx1 and stx2, 110 of the genes stx1 and eae, 67 of the genes stx2 and eae. Also were isolated 115 samples that did not carry none of the virulence genes from STECs of the study. All the E. coli isolates of each virulence gene were evaluated for resistence to 10 antibiotics. The percentual of resistence were higher for lincomycin, penicillin and novobiocin and lower for ampicillin, neomycin and tetracycline. A serogroup test was made, of which the most frequent among isolates carrying the virulence gene stx1 were O119 and O114; of the gene stx2 were serogroups O8 and O9; and of the gene eae were the serogroups O9, O8 and O127. All the E. coli isolates presented multirresistence and most isolates presented more percentage of multirresistence against 2 to 3 and against 10 antibiotics. Was not verified statistically relationship between virulence patterns and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among the samples
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Assumpção, Gustavo Lacerda Homem. "Avaliação dos padrões de susceptibilidade antimicrobianas e sorogrupos de cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de bovinos leiteiros, portadoras e não portadoras dos genes stx1, stx2 e eae /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94796.

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Orientador: Everlon Cid Rigobelo
Banca: Hélio José Montassier
Banca: José Carlos Rende
Resumo: O presente estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013 em fazendas leiteiras da região de Dracena, São Paulo. Durante o período, foram coletadas 800 amostras de fezes com suabes retais em vacas leiteiras. Essas amostras foram levadas para o Laboratório de Microbiologia do Campus Experimental de Dracena, onde foram isoladas e identificadas 561 amostras para Escherichia coli. Após o isolamento foram extraídos os DNAs de todas as amostras pelo método da fervura e por PCR o DNA foi amplificado para se detectar a presença dos genes de virulência de E. coli pertencentes ao grupo STEC, produtora de toxina tipo shiga em 446 amostras. De todas as cepas isoladas 90 eram portadoras do gene stx1, 97 do gene stx2, 45 do gene eae, 37 dos genes stx1 e stx2, 110 dos genes stx1 e eae e 67 dos genes stx2 e eae. Foram isoladas também 115 cepas que não eram portadoras de nenhum dos genes de virulência de STECs do estudo. Todos os isolados de E. coli portadores de cada gene de virulência foram avaliados quanto a resistência frente a 10 antimicrobianos. Os percentuais de resistências aos antimicrobianos foram maiores para a lincomicina, penicilina e novobiocina e menores para ampicilina, neomicina e tetraciclina. Foram identificados os sorogrupos, dos quais os mais frequentes entre os isolados portadores do gene de virulência stx1 foram o O119 e O114; do gene de virulência stx2 foram os sorogrupos O9 e O8; e do gene de virulência eae foram os sorogrupos O9, O8 e O127. Todos os isolados de E. coli apresentaram multirresistência e a maioria apresentou maior percentagem de multirresistência contra 2 a 3 e contra 10 antimicrobianos. Não foi verificado estatisticamente relação entre os padrões de virulência e os padrões de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre as amostras
Abstract: The present study was conducted between january 2012 to january 2013 on dairy farms of Dracena city region, São Paulo. During the period, 800 samples of faeces were collected with rectal suabs from dairy cattle cows. Those samples were taken to the laboratory of microbiology of Dracena Experimental Campus, where 561 samples were isolated and identified for Escherichia coli. After the DNA from the samples were extracted by the boiling method and with PCR the genetic material was amplified to detect the presence of virulence genes from STEC, shiga-like toxin producer E. coli, on 446 samples. Of those samples, 90 were carriers of the stx1 gene, 97 of the gene stx2, 45 of the gene eae, 37 of the genes stx1 and stx2, 110 of the genes stx1 and eae, 67 of the genes stx2 and eae. Also were isolated 115 samples that did not carry none of the virulence genes from STECs of the study. All the E. coli isolates of each virulence gene were evaluated for resistence to 10 antibiotics. The percentual of resistence were higher for lincomycin, penicillin and novobiocin and lower for ampicillin, neomycin and tetracycline. A serogroup test was made, of which the most frequent among isolates carrying the virulence gene stx1 were O119 and O114; of the gene stx2 were serogroups O8 and O9; and of the gene eae were the serogroups O9, O8 and O127. All the E. coli isolates presented multirresistence and most isolates presented more percentage of multirresistence against 2 to 3 and against 10 antibiotics. Was not verified statistically relationship between virulence patterns and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among the samples
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Hammarin, Gabriella. "STS on STS : A Perspective of Science and Technology Studies on the STS Field Itself." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158088.

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STS, today the abbreviation for Science and Technology Studies (formerly Science, Technology and Society), is an elusive field characterized by widely varying applications and intents, highly dependent on individual people and facets, yet sharing some common aims and practices. STS has risen since the 1960s and this empirical study presents a view on STS today and a discussion on how it has developed by the analysis of five different representatives from different locations in the field of STS.
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Ferreira, Tatiane Aparecida. "Estudo do potencial adjuvante dos toxóides Stx1 e Stx2 de Escherichia coli em preparações com antígenos de vesículas de membrana externa de Neisseria meningitidis B em camundongos BALB/c." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-30042010-095023/.

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As vacinas antimeningocócicas têm se demonstrado efetivas contra os sorogrupos A e C, no entanto ainda não existe vacina contra o sorogrupo B devido à similaridade entre a estrutura capsular do polissacáride B e o ácido polisiálico que faz parte do tecido cerebral humano, podendo levar à autoimunidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as propriedades adjuvantes dos toxóides Stx1 e Stx2 (STEC) de Escherichia coli, administrados em preparações antigênicas com vesículas de membrana externa nativa (NOMV) de Neisseria meningitidis B, comparando duas vias de imunização prime-boost ou intramuscular, em camundongos BALB/c com idade entre 6-8 semanas. A determinação dos níveis de anticorpos empregando a técnica de ELISA, mostrou elevadas concentrações de anticorpos IgG em soros de animais imunizados pela via intramuscular com Stx1+NOMV, mas não com NOMV, o que sugere que por esta via (intramuscular apenas) Stx1 possa ter atuado como adjuvante. No ensaio de Immunoblotting, soros de animais imunizados com Stx1+NOMV reconheceram maior número de antígenos de NOMV quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu Stx2+NOMV. O sistema prime-boost mostrou-se efetivo quando comparamos os níveis de anticorpos presentes no soro após a dose intramuscular (reforço), entretanto, não melhor do que quando utilizamos duas doses apenas pela via intramuscular. Este estudo poderá contribuir no desenvolvimento de tecnologias associadas a novas preparações antigênicas utilizando antígenos de membrana externa de N. meningitidis B , empregando toxóides como adjuvantes.
The meningococcal vaccines have been shown to be effective against serogroups A and C, however there is still no vaccine against serogroup B. The capsular polysaccharide from serogroup B meningococci polysialic acid moiety mimetic of many human glycoproteins including the neural cell adhesion molecules and may lead to autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the adjuvant properties of toxoids Stx1 and Stx2 (STEC) from Escherichia coli and native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) of Neisseria meningitidis B, comparing two ways of immunization prime-boost or only intramuscular in BALB/c mice. The results showed high concentrations of IgG antibodies in sera of animals immunized intramuscularly with Stx1+NOMV, suggesting that in this way may have Stx1 acted as an adjuvant. In the Immunoblotting assay, sera from animals immunized with Stx1+NOMV recognized more antigens of NOMV when compared to the group that received Stx2+NOMV. The prime-boost was effective however, no better than only two doses intramuscularly. This study may contribute to the development of new technologies and strategies against N. meningitidis B employing toxoids as adjuvants.
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Retherford, Kurt D. "Io's aurora HST/STIS observations /." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068201.

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Weaver, Racquel D. "An Assessment of Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Among 7th Grade Students." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/610.

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continue to remain a public health concern in the United States, especially among young people. Levels of knowledge with regard to STDs have been investigated in prior research; however, these investigations have been limited primarily to older adolescents and young adults. Grounded in the social cognitive and subjective culture theories, this quantitative, cross-sectional study assessed STD knowledge (other than HIV/AIDS) among 7th grade students attending a public middle school in the United States. Demographic differences (age, gender, and ethnicity) in STD knowledge were examined to determine if these demographic variables predict STD knowledge scores and if the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) is a valid and reliable instrument among this study population. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that STD knowledge scores significantly differed by age only: Twelve-year-olds had higher STD scores than did 13-year-olds, contrary to research in older adolescents, which may be the result of confounding factors that warrant further investigation. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, gender, and ethnicity were not associated with STD knowledge scores. The STD-KQ was found to have face validity as well as high consistency and reliability among all questions related to STDs other than HIV/AIDS using Crohnbach's alpha. Content validity for individual STD-KQ items was shown using Lawshe's content validity ratio and subject matter experts. Results of the study support positive social change and highlight the need for earlier STD education, other than HIV/AIDS, with middle school children and the need to examine other factors that may impact STD knowledge within this age group.
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Howard, Stacy F. "Strategies for decreasing sexually transmitted infections in adolescent females." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1419.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
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Nursing
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Sutton, Eva Marie Ganong Lawrence H. "Undergraduate human sexuality textbooks coverage of STDs /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5731.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 4, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Lawrence Ganong. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "STXS"

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Yancey, Diane. STDs. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2012.

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Stis tainies klaiō stis pio aschetes skēnes. Athēna: Polis, 2016.

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Willis, Judith Levine. Preventing STDs. [Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration, 1995.

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Pidhirnyĭ, Bohdan. Net͡s︡enzurnyĭ Stus. Ternopilʹ: Pidruchnyky & Posibnyky, 2002.

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Kowalski, Marek Arpad. Na stos. Warszawa: Wydawn. Nowy Świat, 2005.

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Il, Derewońko Marcin, Migacz Michał Il, and Muza, eds. Stos odpadków. Warszawa: Muza, 2015.

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Stanislav, Chernili︠e︡vsʹkyĭ, ed. Net︠s︡enzurnyĭ Stus. Ternopilʹ: "Pidruchnyky & posibnyky", 2002.

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Kowalski, Marek. Na stos. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo "Nowy Swiat", 2005.

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Marinakēs, Paulos D. Stis chamenes patrides. Patra: P.D. Marinakēs, 1986.

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Wood, Sara. Peripetia stis bahames. Athens: Bianca, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "STXS"

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Kashani, John, Richard D. Shih, Thomas H. Cogbill, David H. Jang, Lewis S. Nelson, Mitchell M. Levy, Margaret M. Parker, et al. "STSS." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 2162. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3321.

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Abbasi, Adeel, Francis DeRoos, José Artur Paiva, J. M. Pereira, Brian G. Harbrecht, Donald P. Levine, Patricia D. Brown, et al. "Confirmed STSS." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 596. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3068.

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Lefebvre, Cedric W., Jay P. Babich, James H. Grendell, James H. Grendell, John E. Heffner, Ronan Thibault, Claude Pichard, et al. "Probable STSS." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1850. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3265.

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Kratochvil, Alexander. "Stus, Vasyl'." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19944-1.

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Kin, Cindy. "Anal Conditions: STDs." In Clinical Decision Making in Colorectal Surgery, 183–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65942-8_23.

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DiClemente, Ralph J., and Farah Mouhanna. "Prevalence of STDs." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2483-1.

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Daniels, David, Richard J. Hillman, Simon E. Barton, and David Goldmeier. "STDs in Pregnancy." In Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 116–20. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1985-2_13.

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Daniels, David, Richard J. Hillman, Simon E. Barton, and David Goldmeier. "Therapeutics of STDs." In Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 144–50. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1985-2_16.

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Zhu, Kaige, Jiao Li, and Juhyeok Jang. "Exploring the Possibility of Short-Form Travel Videos for Cross-Border Promotion in Rural Tourism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2023, 128–41. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25752-0_14.

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AbstractThe impacts of short-form travel videos (STVs) on destination marketing have been widely acknowledged in recent years. Although there have been many prior studies on short video platforms, the mechanism and research system of the impacts of travel contents in short-form videos on users are not clear. This study aims to reveal the possibilities of STVs in cross-border tourism promotion and to develop research models and survey methods applicable to research related to the contents of STVs. Therefore, a scenario-based experiment was designed using STVs related to Ganzi (甘孜) destination. The findings (N = 456) highlighted that users’ attitudes towards STVs have a direct impact on destination image and travel intention, while users’ emotional resonance (self-reference, sense of presence) and cognitive resonance (perceived esthetics, credibility, and entertainment) jointly determine users’ attitudes towards STVs. With the application of stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory as a basic framework, this study explains the influence mechanism of STVs. The possibility of cross-border promotion and destination image building in impoverished areas was explored using a scenario-based experiment.
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O’Sullivan, John. "STS-100." In In the Footsteps of Columbus, 20–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27562-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "STXS"

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Tarabini, Alessandro. "Higgs boson differential and STXS measurements - bosonic channels." In 41st International Conference on High Energy physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.414.0509.

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Kato, Chikuma. "Status and prospects of STXS measurements in ATLAS and CMS." In 7th Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.350.0133.

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Belyaev, Nikita. "Interpretation of ATLAS and CMS Higgs measurements in STXS and EFT." In The Eighth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.382.0137.

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Belyaev, Nikita. "Interpretation of ATLAS and CMS Higgs measurements in STXS and EFT." In The Eighth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.382.0137.

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Wehrli, Eric. "STS." In the 13th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992507.992523.

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Clayton, G. M., and S. Devasia. "Image-Based Trajectory Estimation for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42262.

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In this article we present an image-based approach to estimate the probe position trajectory in scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs). STMs are key enabling tools in the experimental investigation and manipulation of nano and sub-nano scale phenomena; however, due to an inability to measure the STM-probe position, typical STMs are limited to low bandwidth operations to ensure positioning accuracy. To overcome sensor deficiencies, thus enabling higher bandwidth STMs, an image-based method which produces discrete samples of the STM-tip trajectory has been developed. In this article we explore how the STM calibration sample and the output affect the reconstructability of the STM trajectory.
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Koçak, Özgecan, and Özge Can. "Design of public support for R&D: a study of Turkish technoparks." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268489273.

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We report on and examine the consequences of the Turkish experience with public support for science/ technology parks (STPs). The Turkish government has been supporting STP development through a 2001 legislation that provides significant tax exemptions for tenants of STPs established according to its mandate. While the law has been successful in encouraging more than twenty STPs to be established, and getting more than 800 firms to move to STPs by 2007, it also has had some unintended consequences that seem to work against fulfillment of the full intention of the law. Using archival data collected by the Ministry of Trade and Industry, survey data collected from STP managers, and in-depth interviews with STP managers, tenants, university administrators, and other actors involved in STP governance, we report on the overall tenant population of STPs in Turkey and some practices and outcomes that are relevant for assessing the impact of the public support on R&D. The data at hand point to some significant progress being made as well as some shortcomings.
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"ENERGYCON2012 - STS." In 2012 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/energycon.2012.6347701.

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LEWIS, STAN. "STS evolution." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3814.

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Kabir, Humayun, Joshua Dennis Booth, Guillaume Aupy, Anne Benoit, Yves Robert, and Padma Raghavan. "STS-k." In SC15: The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2807591.2807667.

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Reports on the topic "STXS"

1

Soares, M. B., and A. Efstratiadis. Chromosome-specific cDNAs/STSs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6659986.

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Aldering, Greg. Comparison of STIS and SNAP spectrograph throughputs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/842491.

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Khaplanov, Anton, and Leighton Coates. Detector needs for STS instruments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1909147.

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Margolis, D., M. Risher, B. Ramakrishnan, A. Brotman, and J. Jones. SMTP MTA Strict Transport Security (MTA-STS). RFC Editor, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8461.

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W. Park, J. Breslau, J. Chen, G.Y. Fu, S.C. Jardin, S. Klasky, J. Menard, et al. Nonlinear Simulation Studies of Tokamaks and STs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814698.

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Grossman, Michael, Robert Kaestner, and Sara Markowitz. An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Policies on Youth STDs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10949.

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Merchant, Bion John, and George William Slad. Next Generation Qualification: Kinemetrics STS-5A Seismometer Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1405269.

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Miller, Thomas, Paul Mueller, Kumar Mohindroo, and Igor Remec. STS Project Analysis of Bunker Shielding – Preliminary Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1867780.

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Miller, Thomas, and Igor Remec. STS Project Generation of Beamline Sources – Preliminary Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1871100.

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Miller, Thomas, and Igor Remec. STS Project Generation of Beamline Sources – Preliminary Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1871100.

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