Academic literature on the topic 'Sturtian glaciation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sturtian glaciation"

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Park, Yuem, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell, Scott A. MacLennan, Adam C. Maloof, Mulubrhan Gebreslassie, Marissa M. Tremblay, Blair Schoene, et al. "The lead-up to the Sturtian Snowball Earth: Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy time-calibrated by the Tambien Group of Ethiopia." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 5-6 (October 17, 2019): 1119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35178.1.

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Abstract The Tonian-Cryogenian Tambien Group of northern Ethiopia is a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequence that culminates in glacial deposits associated with the first of the Cryogenian glaciations—the Sturtian “Snowball Earth.” Tambien Group deposition occurred atop arc volcanics and volcaniclastics of the Tsaliet Group. New U-Pb isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) dates demonstrate that the transition between the Tsaliet and Tambien Groups occurred at ca. 820 Ma in western exposures and ca. 795 Ma in eastern exposures, which is consistent with west to east arc migration and deposition in an evolving back-arc basin. The presence of intercalated tuffs suitable for high-precision geochronology within the Tambien Group enable temporal constraints on stratigraphic data sets of the interval preceding, and leading into, the Sturtian glaciation. Recently discovered exposures of Sturtian glacial deposits and underlying Tambien Group strata in the Samre Fold-Thrust Belt present the opportunity to further utilize this unique association of tuffs and carbonate lithofacies. U-Pb ID-TIMS ages from zircons indicate that Tambien Group carbonates were deposited from ca. 820 Ma until 0–2 m.y. before the onset of the Sturtian glaciation, making the group host to a relatively complete carbonate stratigraphy leading into this glaciation. New δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr data and U-Pb ID-TIMS ages from the Tambien Group are used in conjunction with previously published isotopic and geochronologic data to construct newly time-calibrated composite Tonian carbon and strontium isotope curves. Tambien Group δ13C data and U-Pb ID-TIMS ages reveal that a pre-Sturtian sharp negative δ13C excursion (referred to as the Islay anomaly in the literature) precedes the Sturtian glaciation by ∼18 m.y., is synchronous in at least two separate basins, and is followed by a prolonged interval of positive δ13C values. The composite Tonian 87Sr/86Sr curve shows that, following an extended interval of low and relatively invariant values, inferred seawater 87Sr/86Sr rose ca. 880–770 Ma, then subsequently decreased leading up to the ca. 717 Ma initiation of the Sturtian glaciation. These data, when combined with a simple global weathering model and analyses of the timing and paleolatitude of large igneous province eruptions and arc accretion events, suggest that the 87Sr/86Sr increase was influenced by increased subaerial weathering of radiogenic lithologies as Rodinia rifted apart at low latitudes. The following 87Sr/86Sr decrease is consistent with enhanced subaerial weathering of arc lithologies accreting in the tropics over tens of millions of years, lowering pCO2 and contributing to the initiation of the Sturtian glaciation.
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Rooney, Alan D., Chuan Yang, Daniel J. Condon, Maoyan Zhu, and Francis A. Macdonald. "U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology tracks stratigraphic condensation in the Sturtian snowball Earth aftermath." Geology 48, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47246.1.

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Abstract The snowball Earth hypothesis predicts a strong hysteresis resulting in discrete multi-million-year glaciations followed by globally synchronous deglaciation. Here we present new U-Pb zircon and Re-Os sedimentary rock geochronology and Os isotope chemostratigraphy from post-Sturtian sequences in south China to test the synchroneity of deglaciation. High-precision chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) U-Pb zircon dates refine the minimum age of deglaciation to 660.98 ± 0.74 Ma, which is ∼2 m.y. older than previously reported. We also provide a new maximum age constraint on the onset of the Marinoan glaciation of 657.17 ± 0.78 Ma. A global compilation of new Os isotope chemostratigraphy reveals a large and systematic trend to unradiogenic values over <1 m of stratigraphy. Together, these data indicate that the Mn-carbonates in south China are not cap carbonates that formed as a response to post-snowball alkalinity, but are authigenic carbonates that formed millions of years after deglaciation. Sturtian cap carbonates tend to be absent or more condensed than their younger Marinoan counterparts. We suggest that this reflects a combination of enhanced accommodation space in early Cryogenian underfilled rift basins, stronger hysteresis, larger ice volume, and/or higher CO2 levels needed for deglaciation of the longer Sturtian glaciation. Further, our findings indicate that the apparent diachroneity of deglaciation can be explained readily as a consequence of stratigraphic condensation, itself due to the large post-Sturtian glacioeustatic transgressive sequence that outpaced shallow-water carbonate deposition.
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Goddéris, Y., Y. Donnadieu, A. Nédélec, B. Dupré, C. Dessert, A. Grard, G. Ramstein, and L. M. François. "The Sturtian ‘snowball’ glaciation: fire and ice." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 211, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00197-3.

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Isakson, Vincent H., Mark D. Schmitz, Carol M. Dehler, Francis A. Macdonald, and W. Adolph Yonkee. "A robust age model for the Cryogenian Pocatello Formation of southeastern Idaho (northwestern USA) from tandem in situ and isotope dilution U-Pb dating of volcanic tuffs and epiclastic detrital zircons." Geosphere 18, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 825–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02437.1.

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Abstract Tandem in situ and isotope dilution U-Pb analysis of zircons from pyroclastic volcanic rocks and both glacial and non-glacial sedimentary strata of the Pocatello Formation (Idaho, northwestern USA) provides new age constraints on Cryogenian glaciation in the North American Cordillera. Two dacitic tuffs sampled within glacigenic strata of the lower diamictite interval of the Scout Mountain Member yield high-precision chemical abrasion isotope dilution U-Pb zircon eruption and depositional ages of 696.43 ± 0.21 and 695.17 ± 0.20 Ma. When supplemented by a new high-precision detrital zircon maximum depositional age of ≤670 Ma for shoreface and offshore sandstones unconformably overlying the lower diamictite, these data are consistent with correlation of the lower diamictite to the early Cryogenian (ca. 717–660 Ma) Sturtian glaciation. These 670–675 Ma zircons persist in beds above the upper diamictite and cap dolostone units, up to and including a purported “reworked fallout tuff,” which we instead conclude provides only a maximum depositional age of ≤673 Ma from epiclastic volcanic detritus. Rare detrital zircons as young as 658 Ma provide a maximum depositional age for the upper diamictite and overlying cap dolostone units. This new geochronological framework supports litho- and chemostratigraphic correlations of the lower and upper diamictite intervals of the Scout Mountain Member of the Pocatello Formation with the Sturtian (716–660 Ma) and Marinoan (≤650–635 Ma) low-latitude glaciations, respectively. The Pocatello Formation thus contains a more complete record of Cryogenian glaciations than previously postulated.
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MacLennan, Scott A., Michael P. Eddy, Arthur J. Merschat, Akshay K. Mehra, Peter W. Crockford, Adam C. Maloof, C. Scott Southworth, and Blair Schoene. "Geologic evidence for an icehouse Earth before the Sturtian global glaciation." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (June 2020): eaay6647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6647.

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Snowball Earth episodes, times when the planet was covered in ice, represent the most extreme climate events in Earth’s history. Yet, the mechanisms that drive their initiation remain poorly constrained. Current climate models require a cool Earth to enter a Snowball state. However, existing geologic evidence suggests that Earth had a stable, warm, and ice-free climate before the Neoproterozoic Sturtian global glaciation [ca. 717 million years (Ma) ago]. Here, we present eruption ages for three felsic volcanic units interbedded with glaciolacustrine sedimentary rocks from southwest Virginia, USA, that demonstrate that glacially influenced sedimentation occurred at tropical latitudes ca. 751 Ma ago. Our findings are the first geologic evidence of a cool climate teetering on the edge of global glaciation several million years before the Sturtian Snowball Earth.
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Le Heron, Daniel Paul, Nicholas Eyles, and Marie Elen Busfield. "The Laurentian Neoproterozoic Glacial Interval: reappraising the extent and timing of glaciation." Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 113, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2020.0004.

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AbstractOne of the major issues in Neoproterozoic geology is the extent to which glaciations in the Cryogenian and Ediacaran periods were global in extent and synchronous or regional in extent and diachronous. A similarly outstanding concern is determining whether deposits are truly glacial, as opposed to gravitationally initiated mass flow deposits in the context of a rifting Rodinia supercontinent. In this paper, we present 115 publically available, quality-filtered chronostratigraphic constraints on the age and duration of Neoproterozoic glacial successions, and compare their palaeocontinental distribution. Depositional ages from North America (Laurentia) clearly support the idea of a substantial glacial epoch between about 720-660 Ma on this palaeocontinent but paradoxically, the majority of Australian glacial strata plot outside the previously proposed global time band for the eponymous Sturtian glaciation, with new dates from China also plotting in a time window previously thought to be an interglacial. For the early Cryogenian, the data permit either a short, sharp 2.4 Ma long global glaciation, or diachronous shifting of ice centres across the Rodinia palaeocontinent, implying regional rather than global ice covers and asynchronous glacial cycles. Thus, based on careful consideration of age constraints, we suggest that strata deposited in the ca. 720-660 Ma window in North America are better described as belonging to a Laurentian Neoproterozoic Glacial Interval (LNGI), given that use of the term Sturtian for a major Neoproterozoic glacial epoch can clearly no longer be justified. This finding is of fundamental importance for reconstructing the Neoproterozoic climate system because chronological constraints do not support the concept of a synchronous panglacial Snowball Earth. Diachroneity of the glacial record reflects underlying palaeotectonic and palaeogeographic controls on the timing of glaciation resulting from the progressive breakup of the Rodinian supercontinent.
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Lechte, Maxwell, and Malcolm Wallace. "Sub–ice shelf ironstone deposition during the Neoproterozoic Sturtian glaciation." Geology 44, no. 11 (September 12, 2016): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g38495.1.

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Nagy, Robin M., Susannah M. Porter, Carol M. Dehler, and Yanan Shen. "Biotic turnover driven by eutrophication before the Sturtian low-latitude glaciation." Nature Geoscience 2, no. 6 (May 24, 2009): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo525.

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Lan, Zhongwu, Magdalena H. Huyskens, Kai Lu, Xian-Hua Li, Gangyang Zhang, Dingbiao Lu, and Qing-Zhu Yin. "Toward refining the onset age of Sturtian glaciation in South China." Precambrian Research 338 (March 2020): 105555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105555.

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Dzikunoo, Elikplim Abla, Giulio Vignoli, Flemming Jørgensen, Sandow Mark Yidana, and Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo. "New regional stratigraphic insights from a 3D geological model of the Nasia sub-basin, Ghana, developed for hydrogeological purposes and based on reprocessed B-field data originally collected for mineral exploration." Solid Earth 11, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-349-2020.

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Abstract. Reprocessing of regional-scale airborne electromagnetic data is used to build a 3D geological model of the Nasia sub-basin, northern Ghana. The resulting 3D geological model consistently integrates all the prior pieces of information brought by electromagnetic data, lithologic logs, ground-based geophysical surveys, and geological knowledge of the terrain. The geo-modeling process is aimed at defining the lithostratigraphy of the area, chiefly to improve the stratigraphic definition of the area, and for hydrogeological purposes. The airborne electromagnetic measurements, consisting of GEOTEM B-field data, were originally collected for mineral exploration purposes. Thus, those B-field data had to be (re)processed and properly inverted as the original survey and data handling were designed for the detection of potential mineral targets and not for detailed geological mapping. These new geophysical inversion results, compared with the original conductivity–depth images, provided a significantly different picture of the subsurface. The new geophysical model led to new interpretations of the geological settings and to the construction of a comprehensive 3D geo-model of the basin. In this respect, the evidence of a hitherto unexposed system of paleovalleys could be inferred from the airborne data. The stratigraphic position of these paleovalleys suggests a distinctly different glaciation history from the known Marinoan events, commonly associated with the Kodjari formation of the Voltaian sedimentary basin. Indeed, the presence of the paleovalleys within the Panabako may be correlated with mountain glaciation within the Sturtian age, though no unequivocal glaciogenic strata have yet been identified. Pre-Marinoan glaciation is recorded in rocks of the Wassangara group of the Taoudéni Basin. The combination of the Marinoan and, possibly, Sturtian glaciation episodes, both of the Cryogenian period, can be an indication of a Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Hence, the occurrence of those geological features not only has important socioeconomic consequences – as the paleovalleys can act as reservoirs for groundwater – but also from a scientific point of view, they could be extremely relevant as their presence would require a revision of the present stratigraphy of the area.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sturtian glaciation"

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Bishop, C. M. B. "Descent into the Cryogenian; secular trends in seawater chemistry offer insights into pre-Sturtian paleoenvironments." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130471.

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The Tonian was a remarkable period in Earth’s history, experiencing dramatic changes in the Earth system that resulted in a series of global climatic catastrophes, ultimately leading to marked changes in the biosphere. The break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have had a profound impact on the Earth system during the Tonian, ultimately resulting in the ~58 million-year deep freeze of the Sturtian glaciation. Increased continental margins and the weathering of vast continental flood basalts, promoting high levels of primary productivity, were large players in the drawdown of atmospheric CO2, the chemical implications of which resonate through Tonian ocean chemistry. The laterally extensive Skillogalee and Myrtle Springs Formations, within the Burra Group sediments of South Australia, span a pre-Sturtian carbonate succession that offer further insights into late Tonian paleo-environments. High resolution geochemical trends throughout the Skillogalee and Myrtle Springs Formations display evidence of a shift from a restricted to a more open marine setting, that was met with a flux of hydrothermally influenced waters. A hydrothermal flux through underlying basalts likely accounts for the enigmatic widespread deposition of sedimentary magnesites throughout the Skillogalee Formation. The longevity and regional reproducibility of significant europium anomalies suggests that a mafic mantle flux endured throughout Burra Group sedimentation. Cerium anomalies, supported by Zn/Fe ratios, evince open marine seawaters were largely dysoxic throughout the late Tonian, constraining Neoproterozoic oxygenation to post-Sturtian. Neodymium isotopes in Burra Group marine waters display a rise towards primitive endmembers, reflecting a mafic weathering flux, induced, no doubt, by the break-up of Rodinia. High levels of organic carbon burial are coupled with pronounced mafic weathering, detailing a mass drawdown of CO2 throughout Burra Group sedimentation during the late Tonian, hereby also holding important ramifications for the instatement of the Cryogenian glaciations.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2018
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Book chapters on the topic "Sturtian glaciation"

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"Sturtian Glaciation." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2400. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_101097.

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"Sturtian Glaciation." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1613. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_3146.

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Macdonald, Francis A., W. Adolph Yonkee, Rebecca M. Flowers, and Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell. "Neoproterozoic of Laurentia." In Laurentia: Turning Points in the Evolution of a Continent. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.1220(19).

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ABSTRACT Neoproterozoic to Cambrian isolation of Laurentia during the breakup of Rodinia was associated with multiple large igneous provinces, protracted multiphase rifting, and variable subsidence histories along different margin segments. In this contribution, we develop a paleogeographic model for the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of Laurentia based on available stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, petrologic, geochronologic, and thermochronologic data. Early Tonian strata are confined to intracontinental basins in northern Laurentia. Breakup of Rodinia around Laurentia began in earnest with emplacement of the ca. 778 Ma Gunbarrel large igneous province, interpreted to have accompanied separation of the North China block along the Yukon promontory, and onset of localized, intracratonic extension southward along the western margin. Eruption of the ca. 760–740 Ma Mount Rogers volcanic complex along the Southern Appalachian segment of the eastern margin may record extension associated with separation of the Kalahari or South American terranes. At about the same time, the Australia-Mawson blocks began separating from the Sonoran segment of the southern margin and Mojave promontory. Emplacement of the ca. 720 Ma Franklin large igneous province along the northern margin was likely associated with separation of Siberia and was followed by widespread bimodal volcanism and extension along the western margin spanning ca. 720–670 Ma, leading to partial separation of continental fragments, possibly including Tasmania, Zealandia, and Tarim. Emplacement of the ca. 615 Ma Central Iapetus magmatic province along the eastern margin marked rifting that led to separation of Baltica and Amazonia, and partial separation of the Arequipa-Pampia-Antofalla fragments. During the late Ediacaran to Cambrian, the western, northern, eastern, and southern margins all experienced a second episode of local extension and mafic magmatism, including emplacement of the ca. 585 Ma Grenville dikes and ca. 540–532 Ma Wichita large igneous province, leading to final separation of continental fragments and Cambrian rift-drift transitions on each margin. Cryogenian rifting on the western and northern margins and segments of the eastern margin was contemporaneous with low-latitude glaciation. Sturtian and Marinoan glacial deposits and their distinctive ca. 660 Ma and 635 Ma cap carbonates provide important event horizons that are correlated around the western and northern margins. Evidence for Ediacaran glaciation is absent on Laurentia, with the exception of glacial deposits in Scotland, and putative glacial deposits in Virginia, which both formed on the poleward edge of Laurentia. Patterns of exhumation and deposition on the craton display spatial variability, likely controlled by the impingement of mantle plumes associated with mantle upwelling and extensional basin formation during the piecemeal breakup of Rodinia. Glaciation and eustasy were secondary drivers for the distribution of erosion and Neoproterozoic sedimentation on North America.
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Young, G. M., and V. A. Gostin. "Late Proterozoic (Sturtian) succession of the North Flinders Basin, South Australia; An example of temperate glaciation in an active rift setting." In Geological Society of America Special Papers, 207–22. Geological Society of America, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe261-p207.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sturtian glaciation"

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van Maldegem, L. M., M. Kipp, J. M. Hope, and J. J. Brocks. "Lipid Biomarkers Reveal a Bacterial Dominated Ecosystem after the Sturtian Glaciation." In 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902748.

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Bricker, Hayley, Aradhna Tripati, Ian Foster, Perrin Hagge, Arnaud Agranier, Stefan Lalonde, and Pierre Sansjofre. "Evidence for continental weathering and riverine input during the Sturtian Glaciation." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6611.

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Wang, Xubin. "The rapid recovery of marine productivity after the Sturtian Snowball Earth glaciation." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5533.

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Taylor, Holly, Anthony Dosseto, Juraj Farkas, Grant Cox, and Kelsey Lamothe. "The Aftermath of the Sturtian Glaciation: Reconstructing Palaeo- Seawater Chemistry and Silicate Weathering." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2572.

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