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Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Siti, N. W., N. N. Candraasih K., and N. W. Suniti. "PERBAIKAN PRODUKTIVITAS LEBAH MADU LOKAL (APIS SP) BAGI MASYARAKAT PINGGIRAN HUTAN KECAMATAN PUPUAN KABUPATEN TABANAN." Buletin Udayana Mengabdi 17, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bum.2018.v17.i02.p05.

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Pengabdian yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peternak tentang teknik budidaya beternak lebah, telah dilaksanakan pada kelompok ternak lebah Batukaru desa Sanda Pupuan Tabanan pada hari Sabtu 29 Juli 2017. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan, demonstrasi dan pendampingan tentang teknik budidaya ternak lebah, cara membuat stuf dari kayu bekas dan cara panen madu yang benar. Hasil dari pengabdian adalah : (1) Kehadiran peternak 100 %; (2) pengetahuan dan keterampilan peternak teknik budidaya lebah madumeningkat dari 20% menjadi 90%; (3) kelompok lebah Batukaru sudah mampu membuat stuf dari kayu bekas, (4) terwujud denplot lebah madu 20 stuf dari kayu bekas; (4) Terbentuk struktur organisasi kelompok lebah madu Batukaru, (5) kelompok lebah Batukaru sudah mampu menindahkan ratu dari stuf yang satu ke stuf yang lain, (6) Kelompok lebah Batukaru mengetahu hasil lebah terdiri dari madu, follen, royal jelly serta lilin dan (7) hasil analisis proksimat dari medu adalah Kadar air 38,34%, kadar abu 0,50% dan protein 1,36% (% berat basah). Dari hasil pengabdian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok ternak lebah Batukaru desa Sanda Tabanan sudah bisa membuat stuf dari kayu bekas dan sudah terwujud denplot lebah sebanyak 20 stuf dari kayu bekas.

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2

Ariyanti, Indria. "STUF EX DALAM NAPKING FOLDING BAGI PESERTA DIDIK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS." Jurnal Terapung : Ilmu - Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/jt.v2i1.2927.

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Saat ini sudah banyak sekolah umum yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan untuk peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus bersama dengan kelas reguler. SMK Negeri 3 Probolinggo sudah melaksanakan pendidikan integrasi dengan menerima peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus pada 5 program keahlian. Program keahlian Tata Boga pada kelas XI ada 3 peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus menyandang ketunaan 2 orang tuna grahita dan 1 orang tuna rungu dan wicar. Adanya peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus di kelas reguler, guru mengalami kesulitan berkomunikasi dalam proses pembelajaran dan kesulitan untuk menentukan metode pembelajaran untuk peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus. Dalam proses pembelajaran Tata Hidang kompetensi dasar membuat lipatan serbet atau napkin folding diharapkan anak terampil dalam membuat berbagai macam bentuk napkin folding. Untuk peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus merasa kesulitan dalam melakukan praktik napkin folding. Strategi yang dipilih dalam proses pembelajaran praktik napkin folding adalah dengan menerapkan model STUF EX berbantukan hand out. Langkah-langkah pemecahan masalah menggunakan model Student Facilitator And Explaining secara garis besar meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran STUF EX dengan penekanan pada keaktifan anak, banyak perubahan yang terjadi pada peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus. Perubahan itu penulis ketahui dari observasi pada aktifitas peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus pada saat mengikuti pembelajaran dan hasil perkembangan belajar peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus. Perubahan itu antara lain bagi Peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus dapat menerima penjelasan dari temannya sebagai fasilitator. Sehingga peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus dengan senang hati mau mempraktikkan napkin folding sesuai langkah-langkah yang diajarkan. Model ini efektif meningkatkan komunikasi antara guru dan anak peserta didik serta komunikasi peserta didik dengan peserta didik. Hasil yang didapatkan peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus menjadi tertarik untuk belajar bersama teman-temannya. Peranan guru dan teman di kelas intregasi sangat membantu proses belajar peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus sehingga mereka tidak merasa terabaikan. Pergaulan sosial dengan teman-teman yang mau menerima keadaan mereka menambah semangat peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus untuk belajar. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan Model STUF EX berbantukan hand out dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus atas nama Farah dan Fian. Peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus dibuktikan dengan hasil praktik sebelum menggunakan model STUF EX, mereka kesulitan dalam praktik melipat serbet (napkin folding). Setelah menggunakan model STUF EX ada peningkatan hasil praktik melipat serbet (napkin folding) cukup sesuai dengan standar penilaian melipat serbet (napkin folding).Kata Kunci : model pembelajaran, stuf ex, napkin folding, Student facilitator and Explaining

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3

"Sharing Teaching Ideas: The Double Stuf Dilemma." Mathematics Teacher 92, no. 8 (November 1999): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.92.8.0674.

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How do you eat an Oreo cookie? Our statistics students carefully separated the crunchy chocolate wafers from the creamy filling and weighed the filling to the nearest tenth of a gram. They repeated this procedure many times for both traditional and Double Stuf Oreo cookies. After carefully recording their results, they employed many different eating techniques.

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4

"Widmung." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 38, no. 1-6 (December 1, 1985): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.1985.38.14.461.

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5

"Editorial." Language Typology and Universals 61, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2008.0001.

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6

Smith, Norval S. H., and John R. Johnson. "Lengua de los llanos: a northern valley yokuts catechism from misión santa cruz, alta california." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 3 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.0015.

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7

Fernández Rodríguez, Rebeca. "The nootka and sandwich vocabularies in the relación de la entrada de san lorenzo de nutka (1789)." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 3 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.0016.

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AbstractNootka is an historical fur-trading centre in Yuquot, on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. In 1788, the Spanish king Charles III sent an expedition to Nootka commanded by Ignacio Arteaga (1731-1783). A year later, Spain established a military post, San Lorenzo de Nutka, at Yuquot in 1789 which existed until 1795. The missionaries who arrived with the sailors were urged to learn the vernacular languages in order to evangelize. In chapter 5 of the

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8

Fredsted, Elin. "Multilingualism and longitudinal language contact in the German-Danish border region." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 4 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.0017.

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AbstractThe topic of this article is the structural similarity of neighboring languages belonging to two different branches of the Germanic languages.The German-Danish border region is characterized by longitudinal language contact between West and North Germanic varieties which have developed common features not to be found in other varieties of these languages spoken outside the contact area. These shared features are results of contact and/or of language shift(s). This paper focuses on convergence in verb phrases. Nine examples of different aspects of verbal convergences are presented covering mainly semantic and syntactical code-copying.

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Mazzitelli, Lidia Federica. "The expression of predicative Possession in Lithuanian." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 4 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.0018.

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AbstractThe object of this paper are the linguistic means used in Lithuanian to express predicative Possession. The possessive constructions are individuated and described, as along with the semantic constraints that favor or disfavor their use. It is claimed that the evidence provided in this paper confirms what Činčlej (1990) stated: Lithuanian should be considered as occupying a transitional position between the

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10

Iemmolo, Giorgio. "Symmetric and asymmetric alternations in direct object encoding." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 4 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.0019.

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AbstractThis paper examines two different strategies found in direct object encoding on the basis of a sample of 159 languages. In particular, this paper deals with the differences between symmetric (i.e. the alternation between two or more overt markers) and asymmetric (i.e. the alternation between a zero and one of more overt markers) alternations. The investigation is aimed at determining whether there are any evident cross-linguistic regularities with respect to the factors involved in these two kinds of alternation. It will be argued that the difference in the formal realization of direct object encoding is related to the distinct functions that these two structures perform cross-linguistically.While asymmetric alternations are regulated by referential properties of the direct object referent, symmetric alternations are governed by parameters related to verbal semantics, such as affectedness and boundedness, polarity, and quantification.

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11

Boretzky, Norbert. "Gender adaptation in loan layers of Romani." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 4 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.0020.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze how Romani has integrated nouns borrowed from various languages during its history with regard to grammatical gender. First the gender system of Romani is characterized in contrast to the European languages it was in contact with, and which were the most important changes Romani underwent concerning gender marking. In the following sections, the assignment of gender to various loan layers is discussed, pre-European (Iranian and Armenian), Greek, Slavic, Romanian, Hungarian, and German, among them non-gender, three-gender and two-gender languages. Greek appears to have had the most profound influence on Romani gender morphology. Concerning Romani Mixed dialects, attention is payed to the changes that took place in the inherited, Indic, layer.

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Boretzky, Norbert. "Yaron Matras, Romani in Britain. The afterlife of a language." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 2 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.0099.

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13

"Inhalt." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 66, no. 3 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2013.03_inhalt.

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14

Heck, Fabian, Gereon Müller, and Jochen Trommer. "A phase-based approach to Scandinavian definiteness marking." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 62, no. 4 (January 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2009.0020.

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AbstractWe propose a syntactic approach to apparent blocking effects in the realization of definiteness marking in the Scandinavian languages. The claim is that the differences in definiteness marking can be attributed to a requirement that a definiteness feature ([DEF], a property of N) must be located at the left edge of the DP phase in order to be PIC-accessible for probes outside of the DP. As a result, [DEF] can be spelled out on N if N is the only element within DP and [DEF] is therefore part of DP’s edge domain (giving rise to suffixal marking). In contrast, the presence of an (overt) adjectival modifier (at the left edge of DP) requires feature movement of [DEF] to D, which is then realized as a prenominal article (with additional spell-out of the lower copy of [DEF] in Swedish). The paper also addresses the (slightly different) behavior of definiteness marking in the context of relative clauses and certain issues pertaining to the interpretation of the different strategies.

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15

Kallulli, Dalina. "(Non-)Blocking in the voice system." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 62, no. 4 (January 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2009.0021.

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Kürschner, Sebastian. "Morphological non-blocking in Dutch plural allomorphy: a contrastive approach." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 62, no. 4 (January 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2009.0022.

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Laks, Lior. "How to choose a prosodic template. On verb innovation and variation in Hebrew." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 62, no. 4 (January 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2009.0023.

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AbstractThis paper examines the factors that play a role in blocking and non-blocking in verb formation in Modern Hebrew. Hebrew verbs are formed in prosodic templates (so-called binyanim) that consist of a vocalic template and affixes in some of them. I address the criteria for the selection of such templates with regard to verb innovation, relation between existing forms and variation of forms. I will show that the selection of a particular binyan is the result of an interaction between markedness and faithfulness constraints on the one hand and thematic-syntactic considerations on the other hand. While certain constraints block the formation of verbs in some binyanim, there are cases of non-crucial ranking of constraints that gives rise to free variation of existing forms.

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Zwarts, Joost, Lotte Hogeweg, Sander Lestrade, and Andrej Malchukov. "Semantic markedness in gender opposition, blocking and fossilization." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 62, no. 4 (January 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2009.0024.

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AbstractThe semantics of natural gender in animate nouns is modeled in the framework of bidirectional Optimality Theory (OT). This allows for the interaction of lexical, conceptual and contextual constraints and for a straightforward treatment of the effect of blocking in this domain. Two versions of bidirectional OT are discussed and related to each other in terms of Blutner’s (2007) notion of fossilization.

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19

Bakker, Dik, and Umberto Ansaldo. "Introduction." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 1 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0001.

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Bakker, Dik, and Ewald Hekking. "Is Otomí creating a new lexical class for the modification of noun phrases as a result of the contact with Spanish?" STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 1 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0002.

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AbstractIn this contribution we seek support for the hypothesis that Otomí, a language from Mexico, which is in intense contact with Spanish, is developing a specialized set of adjectives, a category that is lacking from the classical language. Arguments are derived from two sources, a corpus of translations into Otomí of around 750 Spanish adjectives, and a corpus of 59 short texts in spoken Otomí, in which a number of Spanish adjectives were found as loanwords. Pointing out several changes in the contemporary language, mainly among younger, often bilingual speakers, we provide support for our hypothesis, which suggests that Otomí is undergoing a typological change.

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Cerno, Leonardo. "Spanish articles in Correntinean Guaraní: a comparison with Paraguayan Guaraní." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 1 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0003.

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AbstractThis contribution offers a comparison between the usage of borrowed Spanish articles into two dialects of the Guaraní language spoken by mestizos in South America: Paraguayan Guaraní, spoken in Paraguay, and Correntinean Guaraní, spoken in the Argentinean province of Corrientes. With respect to the Paraguayan dialect, the presence of the definite feminine Spanish

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22

Dietrich, Wolf. "Lexical evidence for a redefinition of Paraguayan “Jopara”." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 1 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0004.

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AbstractParaguay is characterized by a specific kind of bilingualism. More than 90% of the population does not use, in colloquial situations, only one of the official languages of the country, Spanish or Guaraní, but both of them in the same discourse. Continuous code switching is the main characteristic of this phenomenon, called “Jopara”. The article discusses the problem of the nature of this phenomenon and, moreover, gives lexical examples of the partial convergence of the two languages in contact. Speakers of Jopara distinguish the two linguistic systems, but are not always aware of the origin of some specific lexical items.

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23

Gómez Rendón, Jorge. "Code switching in Sia Pedee story-telling." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 1 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0005.

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AbstractThis article deals with code switching in a corpus of narratives collected in Sia Pedee (Chocoan) among the Épera of the northern Pacific coast of Ecuador. The reinsertion of Sia Pedee in the nowadays dominant Spanish-speaking ethnic community has resulted in older speakers making use of code switching as a way to flag their ethnic identity and index their attitudes towards propositional content. While code switching seems to be inducing certain incipient changes in Sia Pedee, the seriously endangered state of the native language would prevent those changes from taking definite shape. Similarly, the diglossic condition of Sia Pedee before Spanish is preventing the crystallization of a systematic pattern of language mixing.

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24

Sakel, Jeanette. "Grammatical borrowing from Spanish/Portuguese in some native languages of Latin America." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 1 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0006.

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AbstractIn this paper I investigate how different factors can influence the range of grammatical categories affected by language contact, drawing on a sample of ten native languages of Latin America. The languages are all in contact with the highly dominant languages Spanish and Portuguese, but they differ with respect to a range of sociolinguistic factors relating to the contact situation. I am investigating the categories affected by borrowing in the languages of the sample, relating them to these different factors. My aim is to shed light on the reasons for why some Native American languages display borrowing in a wide range of categories, whereas other appears more restricted in what is borrowed.

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25

Stolz, Thomas. "Don’t mess with ergatives! How the borrowing of the Spanish indefinite article affects the split-ergative system of Chamorro." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 1 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0007.

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26

Ferraresi, Gisella, and Esther Rinke. "Introduction." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0008.

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27

Adli, Aria. "The semantic role of the wh-element and subject position in Spanish and Catalan." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0009.

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Pietsch, Lukas. "What has changed in Hiberno-English: constructions and their role in contact-induced change." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0010.

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AbstractThree case studies of contact-induced grammatical innovations in Hiberno-English (Irish English) are presented, with a view to determining a realistic and descriptively adequate syntactic analysis of the mechanisms of syntactic replication under language contact. The case studies deal with a range of different tense-aspect constructions and the morpho-syntax of subordinating clause constructions. It is argued that an approach based on the “construction”, a holistically represented complex form-function mapping as a central cognitive unit of storage and mental representation, offers a plausible and intuitive way of modelling the cross-linguistic identification processes that must be at the heart of what happens in the mind of the bilingual speaker in actuating contact-induced change.

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Kolmer, Agnes. "Contact-induced changes in cliticization and word order: the Cimbrian dialect of Luserna as a case study." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0011.

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AbstractWhich properties of a cliticization system can be borrowed relatively easily and which ones are harder to adapt due to external influence? This article examines the contact situation of the Cimbrian dialect spoken in Luserna as a starting point for a discussion of this question. It presents new data on a German variety which has been exposed to intensive contact with Italian and its local varieties over several generations. The article shows that certain peculiarities of the Cimbrian cliticization system result on the one hand from word order changes and on the other hand from the imitation and integration of the model language’s strategies for mapping information structure onto sentence form.

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30

Stolz, Thomas. "Gabriele H. Cablitz, Marquesan. A grammar of space, (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 169), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006. xx + 682 pp.&." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0012.

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31

Stolz, Thomas. "Denis Creissels, Syntaxe générale. Une introduction typologique. 1: Catégories et constructions. 2: La phrase, (Collection Langues et Syntaxe), Paris: Hermes Sciences Lavoisier, 2006. Vol. 1: xviii + 412 pp.,Vol. 2: 334 pp." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0013.

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32

Stolz, Thomas. "Bernhard Hurch (Hg.) [unter editorischer Mitarbeit von Maria Jose Kerejeta, Dina El Zarka und Ralf Vollmann], Die baskischen Materialien aus dem Nachlass Wilhelm von Humboldts.Astarloa, Charpentier, Fréret,Aizpitarte und anderes, Paderborn:Ferdinand Schöningh, 2002. 291 pp." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0014.

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33

Stolz, Thomas. "Yaron Matras & Jeanette Sakel (eds.), Grammatical borrowing in cross-linguistic perspective, (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology 38), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2007. ix + 598 pp." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0015.

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Stolz, Thomas. "Rafael Rodríguez-Ponga, Del español al Chamorro. Lenguas en contacto en el Pacífico, Madrid: Ediciones Gondo, 2009. 312 pp." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0016.

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35

Stolz, Thomas. "Patrick O. Steinkrüger & Manfred Krifka (eds.), On inflection (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 184), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009. viii + 272 pp." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0017.

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36

Jäger, Andreas. "Reported speech constructions and the grammaticalization of hearsay evidentiality: a cross-linguistic survey." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 3 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0018.

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AbstractFunctional similarities between the expression of reportative evidentiality and the grammatical representation of reported speech manifest themselves in varying degrees of corresponding formal similarity across languages. Assuming a systematic correlation between these domains this paper investigates and compares two likely sources for the expression of reportative evidentiality: non-referential reportative matrix clauses with generic utterance verbs and functionally specialized dependent clauses. The argument is based primarily on parallels in the development from biclausal to monoclausal structures in a number of genetically and areally diverse languages.

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37

Castro, Damaris. "The noun phrase in Boruca: studying a recently extinct language." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 3 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0019.

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AbstractThis article provides a description of the noun phrase in Boruca, a recently extinct Chibchan language once spoken in Costa Rica. Divided into four main sections, this paper addresses noun formation processes, the constituents of the noun phrase, and its syntactic processes, as well as illustrating all of the above characteristics in a sample text. In sum, both the

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38

Greif, Markus. "Tones and intonation in Prinmi – a first survey." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 3 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0020.

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AbstractThe present paper provides a concise survey of the tonal inventory of Prinmi as well as some discussion of intonation proper. The approach is largely based on observable surface phenomena found in a corpus of several semi-controlled production studies. Unlike in earlier frameworks, three tonal classes are assumed: H, L (with the lexical tones H, L, L+H, H+L) and a Toneless category. The use of Toneless lexemes, which mainly comprise discourse particles, seems to be strongly intertwined with certain pragmatic functions presumably licensing emphasis and the boundary tone L%. Finally, a strong intonational downtrend and possible tone sandhi effects may trigger tonal alternations. These alternations as well as the complex interaction between intonation, pragmatics and the Toneless particles require further research.

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39

Kutscher, Silvia. "When ‘towards’ means ‘away from’: the case of directional-ablative syncretism in the Ardeşen variety of Laz (South-Caucasian)." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 3 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0021.

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AbstractThis paper deals with morphosyntactic and semantic characteristics of the spatial case called motative in the Ardeşen-variety of Laz. The motative can be used to mark the ground-nominal in allative as well as in ablative spatial expressions, while the ground-nominal in static spatial expressions is unmarked for case. Hence, the motative case shows a conflation of the allative with ablative spatial semantics, while at the same time excluding locative spatial meaning. Given that this kind of syncretism has been claimed to be non-existent, the findings for Ardeşen-Laz are of special relevance for the refinement of the typology on spatial case-systems.

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Wiemer, Björn, and Katerina Stathi. "The database of evidential markers in European languages. A bird’s eye view of the conception of the database (the template and problems hidden beneath it)." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 4 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0022.

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AbstractThis introduction not only browses through the contributions of the whole issue, but also attempts to set the stage for a cross-linguistically unified study of evidentiality markers to be registered in a database. This endeavor has so far been restricted to European languages. We assume evidentiality to be a conceptual domain and, on this basis, want to account for diverse units irrespective of their morphological format and status in the particular language’s grammar. Evidential markers are claimed to be locatable on a lexicon – grammar cline, ranging from distinct lexical units (accessed holistically) to grammatical morphology (having been the subject of traditional descriptions in typology).We highlight different theoretical prerequisites necessary to build a template, pinpoint some shortcomings in recent theorizing and stress the necessity of a neat distinction between an onomasiological and a semasiological perspective: the former ought to delineate the functional values belonging to evidentiality, also examining systematic affinities to neighboring domains, while the latter perspective asks for the structural and distributional parameters of distinct linguistic units that fulfill the basic conceptual requirements and accounts for overlaps with values from contiguous domains.Beside the aims of the database, its present structure is explained and justified. The template designed as an entry for each single unit is illustrated with a pertinent unit from Polish (including an appendix).

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Boye, Kasper. "Evidence for what? Evidentiality and scope." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 4 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0023.

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AbstractThis paper deals with the scope properties of evidential meanings. It rejects the idea that different types of evidential meanings have different scope properties. More basically, it rejects the idea that evidential meanings apply to ‘speech acts’ or to ‘states of affairs’. The paper argues that evidential meanings share scope properties in the sense that they are all conceptually dependent on a ‘proposition’ – i.e. a meaning unit which can be said to have a truth value. Subsequently, it outlines how the scope properties can be employed in criteria of membership of the category of evidentiality.

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Lampert, Günther, and Martina Lampert. "Where does evidentiality reside? Notes on (alleged) limiting cases: seem and be like." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 63, no. 4 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2010.0024.

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Neuschaefer, Ch, G. Matern, V. Ballerò Flores, and G. Fehrmann. "Einsatz des Ultraschalls zur Untersuchung artikulatorischer Zungenbewegungen am Beispiel des spanischen Multivibranten [rr]." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 52, no. 3-4 (January 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.1999.52.34.397.

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ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel eines Muttersprachlers wird demonstriert, daß der Ultraschall geeignet ist, den Bewegungsumfang, die Bewegungsfrequenz und den Ablauf der Schwingungsbewegung der Zunge bei der Bildung des komplexen spanischen Multivibranten [rr] in verschiedenen phonotaktischen Kontexten in Echtzeit darzustellen. Hierzu wurden ein Sektorschallkopf während der Lautbildung submental positioniert und die Zungenbewegungen im sogenannten M-Mode videodokumentiert. Die Analyse der Lexeme des Corpus erfolgte sowohl einzelwort- als auch satzbezogen. Die Untersuchung ergab, daß der Multivibrant durch 3 bis 6 Zungenschwingungen bei einer Frequenz von 24-34 Hz ausgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine statistisch signifikant größere Gesamtdauer und Anzahl der Zungenschwingungen bei Anlauten im Gegensatz zu Inlauten, wohingegen sich die Schwingungsfrequenzen statistisch nicht unterschieden.

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Pittner, Karin. "Adverb Placement." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 52, no. 3-4 (January 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.1999.52.34.407.

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Gatzlaff, Margot. "Wörterbuch Pali-Deutsch." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 52, no. 3-4 (January 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.1999.52.34.414.

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Meinunger, André. "Projection and Interface Conditions (Essays on Modularity)." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 52, no. 3-4 (January 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.1999.52.34.416.

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PLANK, FRANS, and ELENA FILIMONOVA. "The Universals Archive: Α Brief Introduction for Prospective Users." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 53, no. 1 (January 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2000.53.1.109.

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HOLE, DANIEL. "Heuristics and typology." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 53, no. 1 (January 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2000.53.1.13.

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BEHRENS, LEILA. "Semantics and Typology." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 53, no. 1 (January 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2000.53.1.21.

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SIEMUND, P. "Preface." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 53, no. 1 (January 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2000.53.1.3.

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