Dissertations / Theses: 'Study aids -> study aids -> study aids general'

1

Meehan, Brendan. "Using digitally versatile disk (DVD) video technology for teaching disability sport, games, and activities to general physical educators." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1277065.

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The purpose of this project was to design, create, and implement a pilot for an adapted physical education (APE), DVD-Video teaching aid. This creative project has resulted in a DVD-Video that can be used as an instructional tool and resource for physical educators. It follows the teaching methods and skills from the wheelchair basketball chapter in Davis (2002), featuring strategies and ideas that can aid in the successful teaching of physical education (basketball) to individuals of all abilities.The use of interactive DVD-Video in a learning environment is seen as an innovative and exciting delivery method for instructional purposes. It is proposed that the majority of learners would enjoy using, and acquire a very significant learning experience from using, interactive DVD-Video instruction. Therefore, it is anticipated that physical educators would get a meaningful APE training experience from an interactive instructional DVD-Video such as the one piloted for this creative project.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

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2

Byrne, Thomas. "The HIPC Initiative, HIV/AIDS and Growth: A Tri-Country Case Study of Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Uganda." Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/371.

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Thesis advisor: Harold Petersen
By now, it is no secret to the global community that the many African countries lag far behind the rest of the world in terms of poverty rates, life expectancy, standard of living, per capita income, health, GDP and economic growth. This thesis examines the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on African economies and the potential for debt relief to mitigate some of the negative impacts of HIV/AIDS on African economies
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program

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3

Deitcher, Rebecca Ulman. "Health locus of control and HIV : a study of beliefs, attitudes, and high-risk behaviours among homosexual men attending a general medical clinic." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39806.

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains an epidemic illness with no known cure. Survival time after infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has been lengthened considerably. Rates of new infection among the at-risk male homosexual populations have decreased. Prevention is possible through effective, targeted interventions. This study is an exploration of the role or health locus of control, an individual difference construct from the area of social learning theory, in the maintenance of health-oriented behaviours, co-risk indicative behaviours, and high-risk behaviours in a population of adult male homosexuals attending a general medical clinic. The findings result in distinctly different past histories and present patterns of homosexual behaviours among the two serostatus subpopulations. Low internal expectancy of control over health repeatedly relates in distinctive patterns with the areas of level of happiness, condom usage, and hish-risk sexual behaviours. High internal expectancy of control relates significantly to knowledge-related variables. The physician plays a pivotal role as the source of useful information in this at-risk population. The study population as a whole reports accurate knowledge about HIV and AIDS. The men have reduced high-risk behaviours, increased safer sexual behaviours, and implemented the changes advocated. Serostatus differentiates for many high-risk behavioural patterns. There remains a small core of men among the study participants who continue to participate in high-risk sexual behaviours.

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Akbar, Halima Wakabi. "A study of the educational difficulties experienced by AIDS orphans in 5 Ugandan Secondary schools." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1439/.

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This thesis is concerned with the educational implications of becoming an AIDS orphan in Uganda. Bereavement is a sensitive topic which many find difficult to discuss with adolescents, even harder if it is HIV/AIDS - related. However the number of AIDS orphans in Uganda is high and a considerable number of them are in school. The main purpose of this study was to investigate what problems such students face and what resources are available to them in schools to help them cope with the loss of their parent/s. Questionnaires and interviews were designed to investigate the perceptions of those in direct or indirect contact with these orphans and with the orphans themselves. They were administered to 5 headteachers, 56 teachers and 400 students from 5 secondary schools. Responses to the questionnaires were analysed, using descriptive statistical techniques, and associations were tested. Interviews were carried out with 5 headteachers, 20 teachers, 25 orphans, a school counsellor, two teacher training lecturers, staff of 4 nongovernmental organisations and an educational officer. Categories and themes were developed using the data, the literature and the research questions. These were then compared across the different schools and respondents. The study found that the identification of AIDS orphans was usually complicated by the stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Though a substantial number of the orphans were facing multi-variant problems, there were no or very limited resources open to the students to help them cope with the loss of their parent/s. Such students are at risk of dropping out or failing in school and hence access to one of the most important chances in life is denied. These children are also at risk of being socially excluded. Conclusions based on the results of the study were drawn and recommendations made.

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Agbonkhese, Racheal. "Agenda setting for maternal mortality in Nigeria : a comparative study of the media agenda for maternal mortality and HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/65790/.

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In countries like Nigeria and similar contexts in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, maternal deaths remain prevalent and the current political will and corresponding interventions remain insufficient to significantly address the problem. One way of generating the required political priority is through the mass media, which has been credited with the capacity to influence social and political conversations and set the policy agenda by raising the salience of an issue on its own agenda. This study investigates the processes and factors which influence the media agenda for maternal mortality and comparatively, HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. It utilizes content and frame analysis of newspaper coverage to establish the media agenda for both issues. It also utilises in-depth, semi-structured interviews: 1) with NGOs and other advocates to determine the factors which influence the state of maternal health and source strategies for media engagement; and 2) with senior reporters and health editors, to investigate the factors which influence the media agenda for health issues especially maternal mortality and HIV/AIDS. The results show that the state of maternal health in Nigeria has been influenced by epidemiological factors, cultural and religious factors, gender and socio economic class and strategic factors such as donor politics and priorities. Content analysis of newspaper coverage indicate that news coverage of maternal mortality is significantly low, when benchmarked against HIV/AIDS and that a wider range of framing approaches (including a political and multi-disciplinary approach) are employed in coverage of the latter, compared to the former. The study results also suggest that most maternal health advocates do not take a strategic approach to media engagement and that there is poor collaboration and lack of trust between NGOs and the media. Interviews with media personnel show that that the lack of trust and collaboration between the media and NGOs has resulted in a lack of stakeholding, and media engagement is largely at the level of events reporting. In addition to the above, the results show that the media agenda is predominantly driven by funding, political issue champions, celebrities, expert sources, epidemiology, global health days, events, and human interest stories.

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6

Sacco, Solomon Frank. "A comparative study of the implementation in Zimbabwe and South Africa of the international law rules that allow compulsory licensing and parallel importation for HIV/AIDS drugs." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1100.

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"Zimbabwe and South Africa are facing an HIV/AIDS epidemic of such proportions that the populations of these countries will markedly decline in the next ten years despite the existence of effective drugs to treat the symptoms of AIDS and dramatically lower the communicability of the virus. These drugs are under patent protection by companies in the developed world and the patents raise the prices above the level of affordability for HIV infected persons in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has declared a national emergency on HIV/AIDS, apparently in conformance with TRIPS and has issued compulsory licenses to a local company that has started to manufacture and sell cheap anti-retroviral drugs. South Africa has not declared a national emergency and has not invoked the TRIPS flexibilities or utilized flexibilities inherent in its own legislation. However, while thousands of people die every week in the two countries, neither government has yet provided an effective HIV/AIDS policy. Extensive litigation and public pressure in South Africa has led the government to announce a policy of supplying free HIV drugs in public hospitals while the Zimbabwean government has announced the provision of the same drugs, also in public hospitals, apparently utilising the state of emergency. The TRIPS agreement under which the two governments undertook to protect international patents allows compulsory licensing under certain circumstances (not limited to a national emergency) and the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health, and subsequent agreements by the Ministerial Council of the WTO allow the manufacture and, in limited circumstances, the parallel importation of generic drugs. These provisions provide a theoretical mechanism for poor countries to ensure their citizens' rights of access to health (care). The research is aimed at identifying the extent of the effectiveness of the legal norms created by Articles 20 and 31 of TRIPS, the Doha Declaration and subsequent Council of Ministers' decisions, which together ostensibly provide a framework to allow provision of generic drugs. It is further aimed at investigating how the state of emergency in Zimbabwe has been utilised to provide cheap generic drugs to Zimbabweans and whether this would be an option for South Africa. A comparison of the legal provisions governing the provision of drugs in the two countries will also be undertaken to examine the extent to which international and national constitutional and legal provisions may be utilised to give effect to the right to health." -- Introduction.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.
Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Enid Hill at the American University in Cairo.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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7

Dlol, Sarah. "How Ethnicty is Represented in Teaching Aids : A Literature Study of two English Teaching Aids." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19332.

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The aim of this essay is to analyze how two teaching aids is representing ethnicity and how the teaching aids is maintaining the multicultural view, as the Swedish curriculum recommends (Lgr 2011). The two teaching aids are What's Up (2007) and Wings (2010). Ajagán - Lester (1999) claims in his article that the western norm is represented in teaching aids and how the representation of "The other" is important part of our worldview because of the fact "The Other" is contradiction to "Us". Ajagán - Lester (1999) also believes teaching aids construct an ethnic self - understanding and that this plays an important role in how other cultures and ethnicities are introduced in teaching aids. Lgr (2011) advocate since there is pupils with different cultural backgrounds, nationalities and experiences it is important to work for the same democratic values and principles in all Swedish Schools. In addition, it isimportant to emphasize the ethos that humans are different by introducing the pupils to different nationalities and socialites.In order to make the analysis the study is based on reader - response theory, the theory emphasize an ingoing examination of a text, as a result the analysis indicated that What's Up and Wings are introducing ethnicity with the concept of nation and the teaching aids are only present and explain the nations from an Western world perspective.

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8

Boyer, Micah Naoum. "Perceptions of AIDS and AIDS Education in Rural Benin: A Case Study in the Collines Department." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193248.

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This thesis presents the findings of a small-scale, qualitative study of attitudes toward AIDS and AIDS education campaigns in the village of Sota in central Benin. Through a language ideology framework, this study reviews the overlap and disparity between AIDS discourse and other systems of meaning in Sota, particularly rumors and religious beliefs. The portrait that emerges from this analysis of the social construction of AIDS by multiple discourses suggests that the impact of AIDS education may be limited only in part because the intended recipients fail to understand the information being provided. More importantly, the context and underlying assumptions of educational presentations about HIV/AIDS are not formulated in ways that are compatible with, or directly meaningful to, lived experience.

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9

Murray, Rose C. "An exploratory descriptive study of African American seniors’ perceptions of HIV/AIDS: AIDS and value clarification." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2002. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3722.

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This study examined the African-American seniors’ perceptions of HIV/AIDS: AIDS and value clarification, which were based on the premise that perceptions and values have nothing to do with gender. A case study analysis approach was used to analyze data gathered by the researcher and to determine what the clients perceptions are, which people become infected, who they are, if they believe HIV/AIDS could affect them, or if they think that they are immune to infection. The researcher found that there were no significant differences among seniors perception of HIV/AIDS, and no significant difference among male and female value clarifications of HIV/AIDS. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggested that there were a few variables noting a need for more education for this population on HIV/AIDS. The hypothesis was accepted.

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10

Bednall, Timothy Colin Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Effects of self-regulatory aids on autonomous study." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43360.

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The experiments described in this thesis tested whether encouraging the use of self-regulatory learning strategies enhances the effectiveness of autonomous study for novices in a learning domain. Previous research and theory have suggested that high-achieving students are proficient at self-regulating their learning, and they do so using a range of learning strategies for planning their study, monitoring the effectiveness of their efforts and elaborating their knowledge. Information processing theories of instructional design suggest that learning is optimal when working memory load is managed effectively. Accordingly, methods have been devised for reducing load associated with unnecessary task requirements, as well as dedicating additional capacity to the construction and automation of knowledge schemas. Less is known, however, about instructional methods for encouraging self-regulatory learning strategies. Experiments 1, 2 and 4 examined the effect of encouraging participants to reflect on their understanding of topics they had been taught previously. Although these participants were able to accurately estimate their level of understanding in some situations, they failed to consistently use this knowledge to guide their study of topics they had previously understood poorly. In light of this finding, Experiments 3 and 5 examined the effect of encouraging participants to plan a free study period, with the direction to prioritise the topics that they had understood the least well. This intervention had a modest positive effect on post-test performance. Experiment 6 examined the effect of encouraging two elaborative strategies, namely explanation generation and summarisation. The former benefited performance, whereas the effectiveness of the latter depended on the comprehensiveness of the summaries produced by the participants. Finally, Experiment 7 examined the effect of providing broad-spectrum instruction in learning strategies, with minimal requirements to engage in specific strategies. This intervention resulted in an overall benefit to performance. Overall, the results of this dissertation suggest that certain instructional aids for self-regulation yield benefits to the autonomous study by domain novices without overburdening working memory.

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11

Aitken, Kylie Jade. "Experiences with HIV/AIDS : a discourse analytic study /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsa311.pdf.

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12

Scheibe, Kim. "AIDS anxiety and sexual behavior: a comparative study." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52073.

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Questionnaire responses of 214 college students at Virginia Polytechnic & State University regarding AIDS anxiety and how it affects sexual behavior were analyzed. Results indicated that women tend to have more AIDS anxiety than do men. Fifty-three percent of the male respondents reported their AIDS anxiety to be low/very low, and 15.7% reported high/very high, while 44.9% of the women responded low/very low, and 22.5% as being high/very high. Both males and females reported an increase in the number of sexual encounters a month, however, the number of different partners has decreased when data from 1986 and 1988 were compared. In 1986, 36.9% of the males reported being sexually active 3+ times a month, while in 1988, 51.5% of the males were sexually active 3+ times a month. In 1986, 50.2% of the females reported being sexually active 3+ times a month, whi1e 56.6% of the females in 1988 indicated that frequency. In 1986, 36.2% of the males and 31.5% of the females responded that they had 3+ different partners while 22.9% of the males and 14.1% of the females responded this way in 1988. Those who reported experiencing high anxiety concerning AIDS were less likely to use birth control than those who reported a low AIDS anxiety. Seventy-one percent of the respondents reported using some form of birth control, with 35.5% reporting the use of condoms.
Master of Science

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13

Grove, Teresa. "Nurses' attitudes toward patients with AIDS examined by hours of AIDS education." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4071.

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This study was designed to describe the attitudes of staff nurses toward patients who have Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and to determine if the 1989 Washington State licensing requirement for seven hours of AIDS education was effective in changing the attitudes of these nurses toward AIDS patients. Health care providers' attitudes toward patients with AIDS have been documented as differing from their attitudes toward patients with other debilitating conditions (cancer, diabetes, heart disease) in that they place more blame for getting the disease on those with AIDS, they tend to have some degree of homophobia, and they are sometimes overly cautions in using protective procedures around these patients. The consequence of these attitudes can be seen in the nursing care received by some of these patients: insensitive comments and avoidance behavior by staff.

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14

Gustavsson, Sanna. "Assessing and grading pupils with dyslexia in English language teaching : A case study of English Language Teachers' insights on the matter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27679.

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This essay focuses on what impact developmental dyslexia has on assessment and grading in the second language teaching of English in the Swedish educational system. The data presented in this essay are based on six semi-structured interviews with English language teachers of lower and upper secondary schools from the south-eastern parts of Sweden. The interviews were conducted in Swedish, and the collected data have been translated into English. The inquiries of the interviews focused on the teachers' awareness of dyslexia and its impact on learning and teaching, as well as how they worked with and their considerations made when assessing and grading dyslexic pupils. The interviews specifically enquired what particular challenges arose in the assessment and grading process, what provided aid, and what could be done to provide further relief during this process. The results show that the assessment and grading of dyslexic pupils is similar to the general practice. The teachers do, however, accommodate the dyslexic pupils' needs in the teaching and carefully consider their difficulties when assessing and grading. The teachers use, for example, spelling programs and such technical aids to help them, to some extent, disregard dyslexic difficulties while assessing. However, results show how the teachers are not able to transfer their awareness of dyslexia and its implications into the assessment and grading situation, suggesting that the teachers' own ability to assess dyslexic pupils is somewhat inadequate.

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15

Vira, Rohini. "Cross-Cultural study on HIV-positive Indian and American men on disclosure, perceived social support and psychological well-being implications for marriage and family therapists /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1069337688.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Julianne Serovich, Dept. of Human Ecology. Includes bibliographical references.

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16

Oigarden, David W. "AIDS policies in the developing world : a comparative study." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/293.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science

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17

Willig, Carla. "AIDS : a study of the social construction of knowledge." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273129.

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18

Croke, Rhian G. "Situating the HIV/AIDS epidemic in a historical context : a case study of orphans in Nguludi Mission Community, Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12573.

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Includes bibliography.
This thesis is based on a series of interviews with key informants and a census of orphan households in Nguludi Mission Community, Southern Malawi, in 2000. The thesis argues that although HIV/AIDS is a relatively recent phenomenon, any contemporary understanding of the epidemic must be informed by an understanding of the past. The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the "orphan problem" at the local level, is, therefore, situated within the broader socio-economic context of the history of the region.

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19

Griessel-Roux, Esther. "A case study exploring learners' experiences of HIV/AIDS programmes." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03102005-133127.

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20

Singh, Rajeshree. "Criminal liability for wilful HIV/AIDS infection: a comparative study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012686.

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South Africa‘s high prevalence of HIV/AIDS coupled with a high crime rate and incidence of sexual violence necessitated the enquiry and study into the role of criminal law to address the wilful transmission of HIV.1 This study shows that criminal law can be used to punish offenders for wrongdoing and therefore finds application in the wilful transmission of HIV.2 The study distinguishes the dividing line between the justifiable use of criminal law and where use of the criminal law becomes discriminatory in nature and counterproductive to public health measures. The United Nations (hereinafter referred to as the UN) laid down guiding principles for countries to adopt when using the criminal law and stated that countries should use existing criminal law offences to prosecute intentional HIV infections.3 The South African Law Commission (hereinafter referred to as the SALC) endorses this approach. South Africa‘s use of the criminal law, in response to harmful HIV behaviour is in line with the UN recommendations as it uses the existing common law offences to prosecute the wilful transmission of HIV, namely murder, attempted murder and assault. Drawing from the writer‘s comparative study in Chapter Six below, South Africa, members of the Zimbabwean parliament, Canada, as well as the American Bar Association have all concluded that the use of specific HIV-related legislation creates some a form of stigmatization towards people living with HIV and is therefore not warranted. This study shows that criminal law has a role to play in the wilful transmission of HIV; however the creation of HIV specific legislation is not recommended and existing criminal law offences should be used to address harmful HIV related behaviour. Such an approach is in line with the guiding principles laid down by the UN and SALC.

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21

Bruneau, Daniel Pierre Jacques. "A study of predictive information aids in an avionics application." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425149.

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22

Namuleme, Robinah K. "Information and HIV/AIDS : an ethnographic study of information behaviour." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3772/.

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23

Dinius, Ann. "AIDS and the academic community: A study in university governance." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618403.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the policy making process used in a higher education institution with an academic health center when dealing with social justice issues. How the policy group was constituted, the components of the policy, and policy implementation and oversight issues were included. An attempt was also made to explore factors which could facilitate or impede the policy making process.;The development of an AIDS policy at Virginia Commonwealth University served as the case study. This institution, with one of the ten largest academic health centers in the United States, is a state-supported urban research university.;The activities of the various AIDs policy making and guideline development committees over a five-year period were chronicled. Interviews were conducted with involved university administrators and officials, the advisory committee on infectious diseases, and the members of the policy subcommittee. A review of pertinent administrative files was done.;It was hypothesized that when faced with high profile social justice issues such as the infectious disease AIDS, higher education institutions will employ atypical policy making methods. It was concluded that, although the process was over a prolonged period of time and there was more widespread involvement of the academic community and related state agencies, usual policy making methods prevailed.;Further study is indicated with other social justice issues in this type of institutional setting. Additionally, information is needed on the policy making process for social justice issues at other types of colleges and universities.

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24

Hogan, Paula Jaye. "A constructivist study of social work's involvement with HIV/AIDS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1079.

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25

Gona, Clara Mashinya. "The Lived Experience of Zimbabwean Women Being Diagnosed and Living with HIV/AIDS: a Phenomenological Study." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3762.

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Thesis advisor: Rosanna DeMarco
The purpose of this study was to explore the Zimbabwean women's experiences of being diagnosed and living with HIV/AIDS on a daily basis. This phenomenological study used the van Manen (1984, 1997) method of phenomenological inquiry and approach to phenomenological analysis to uncover the women's experiences and meaning of being diagnosed and living with HIV/AIDS. Seventeen HIV positive women participating in a development of antiretroviral therapies (DART) clinical trial in Harare, Zimbabwe, were recruited through snowball sampling and by word of mouth were interviewed. The study revealed that women experienced the dread of living with suspicion prior to a confirmed HIV diagnosis, pain and suffering when diagnosed, renewal and rebirth from the effects of antiretroviral medications and DART clinical trial while simultaneously experiencing the burden of living with HIV/AIDS. With time the women came to terms with their HIV positive statuses, and used their experiences to help others. The themes living with suspicion of HIV/AIDS and sensing the engulfing anguish of HIV/AIDS were found to be the core essence of being diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The themes knowing the restorative power of antiretroviral medications, the heavy burden of HIV, and finding meaning in being HIV positive were found to be the core essence of living with HIV/AIDS on a daily basis. The findings inform health care providers on the trauma and suffering of being diagnosed and living with HIV/AIDS, and the benefits of antiretroviral medications. These study findings have significant implications for Zimbabwean nurses and other health care personnel committed to improving the lives of women, their families and their communities
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing

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26

Stadlander, Marianne Caecilia. "Aids education in schools : a cross-sectional study investigating expert opinion on goals for aids education in junior and senior high schools /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1991. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10262040.

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Thesis (Ed.D.) -- Teachers College, Columbia University, 1991.
Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Charles E. Basch. Dissertation Committee: Leslie R. Williams. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 89-100).

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27

Cook, Fiona Clare. "An investigation of the use of human monocytic cell lines to study the replication of HIV-1." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843829/.

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The aim of this study was to establish human macrophage hybridoma cell lines which would be used to investigate the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was selected to mediate fusion between human macrophages and monocytic cell lines. Rapid methods to detect conditions favouring fusion were developed. However, despite the optimization of protocols, no macrophage hybridomas were successfully isolated. The results suggest that macrophages can exert a negative regulation on the replication capacity of hybridomas. In the absence of macrophage hybridomas, established immature monocytic cell lines were used to investigate the role of the cell cycle in the replication of HIV-1. A range of chemicals were titrated and compounds that could inhibit in G1/G0, S and G2/M of the cell cycle were selected. The phenotype of treated cells was compared to that of exponentially replicating controls in an attempt to identify any differences that could potentially affect viral replication. Ultrastructural examination of cells treated with compounds to block replication in G1/G0 or in G2/M showed that cytoplasm of treated cells contained abundant paired cisternae. Further studies indicated an apparent correlation between the presence of paired cisternae and intracellular accumulation of HIV-1 virions. Infection studies showed that U937 TK- cells were more permissive for a lymphotropic strain of HIV-1 than for a monocytotropic isolate. Intracytoplasmic p24 antigen levels were significantly higher in U937 TK- cells that had been treated with 300 muM mimosine. This result was thought to be due to induction of cellular differentiation, rather than to a cell cycle related phenomenon. However, accumulation of cells in G2/M following treatment with 1 x 10-8muM colchicine, (and to a lesser extent 75 muM GR39457A), caused a significant enhancement of viral replication which was not dependent on significant changes in the host cell phenotype.

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28

Lamohr, Clive. "Perceptions and attitudes of employees toward voluntary HIV/AIDS testing: a South African case study." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8115_1184927881.

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The devastation caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is having a major impact on both the social and economic environment in South Africa. HIV/AIDS hits at the core of the businesses structure - the bottom line. In the absence of a cure for the disease or an effective vaccine, the challenge for all the stakeholders is how to successfully contain and limit the impact of the disease. Intervention programmes such as awareness, knowledge sharing and sero-prevailance testing have the potential to limit HIV/AIDS infections and reduce high-risk behaviours. Whilst education and awareness programmes have been relatively successful in highlighting the dangers of HIV infection, perception, attitudes and behaviours of employees towards HIV/AIDS have dampened voluntary HIV screening initiatives. Many South African organisations have commendable HIV/AIDS education and awareness programmes, however, a concerning fact is that employees are reluctant to avail themselves to voluntary HIV/AIDS testing. Stigmatising attitudes toward persons living with HIV/AIDS may reduce people&rsquo
s willingness to have themselves tested for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This may increase the risk of transmission. It may also lead to increased absenteeism in the workplace, and workdays lost resulting from excessive sick.

The aim of the study was to establish what the perceptions and attitudes are of employees at different levels of the organisation with regard to HIV/AIDS testing. A further aim was to identify possible reasons for the poor employee response to voluntary HIV/AIDS testing. It was thus important for this research to gauge employee knowledge, attitude and behaviour toward HIV/AIDS in order for organisations to develop strategies for effective HIV/AIDS counselling and testing programmes.

The data for this study was collected by means of a self report questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of employees across all levels of the organisation using the convenient sample approach to identify the respondents. Two hundred and forty six (246) out of a total of 600 questionnaires distributed were returned, making the response rate a credible 41%.
The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data obtained from the questionnaire. Both inferential and descriptive statistical approaches were used to analyse the data. The Analyses Of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether differences exist in the perceptions and attitudes of employees at different levels and groupings in the organisation. Additionally post hoc tests (i.e. the Scheffe test) were applied to all comparisons of means after the analysis of variance.

The findings of this research are important for the role of HIV/AIDS testing and awareness/preventions strategies implemented in South Africa. It provides more insight as to why employees resist HIV/AIDS testing. It can furthermore assist organisations in developing strategies for implementing effective HIV/AIDS awareness and/or prevention programmes. More specifically, the findings identified ways in which organisations can redesign their intervention programmes so as to encourage a greater number of employees to submit to voluntary HIV/AIDS testing.

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Bah, Ida. "Gender inequality and HIV/AIDS in Zambia : A study of the links between gender inequality and women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-357.

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Today it has been estimated that 40 million people worldwide are carrying the deadly virus known as HIV. Despite the fact that the virus can affect men and women alike, an increasing proportion of people living with HIV are women and girls, and this proportion is continuing to grow. This writing is dedicated to explore the factors that drive the epidemic.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the links between gender inequality and women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS as well as to enhance our understanding of what is it like to be a young woman in Zambia, a country where the HIV/AIDS epidemic has hit hard. The research is done through a qualitative study with secondary sources and interviews as means of collecting data. The point of departure is theories of gender inequality, where the patriarchal structures and men's domination over women are explained.

The result of this study is that gender inequality, the subordination of women and men's predatory behaviour are major contributors of the epidemic, the larger numbers of women with HIV/AIDS and the women's younger age.

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Baser, Abdul Jabar. "THE ROLE OF VISUAL AIDS IN TEACHING : A study of visual aids used by TTC teachers in two provinces of Afghanistan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31081.

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This research is about the usage of visual aids in education which takes place in teacher training colleges (TTCs) of Afghanistan. The data is collected from two TTCs, Kabul and Wardak provinces. It covers a specific area, which is the use of visual aids during teaching and learning. The views of 100 teachers regarding usage of visual aids, providing visual aids, as well as male and female differences are considered and views of experienced and less experienced teachers are investigated. The necessary data is collected by using questionnaires. The responses of teachers’ show, that all of them use visual aids. Some teachers use less and some of them use more visual aids during teaching and learning. All respondents believe on the importance of using visual aids. Also the result shows that male and female teachers use the visual aids but, with some differences, as it is clearly shown in the findings some use one type, but some use other types. Kabul TTC teachers use more visual aids than Wardak province TTC teachers. In addition to that the important finding is the differences between experienced and less experienced teachers, the junior teachers use more visual aids than senior or experienced ones. These findings would not be generalized for the whole country. But it could be considered for the central region of Afghanistan, because the two TTCs are located in the central region of Afghanistan.

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Kading, Suzanne E. "Persons with HIV/AIDS return to work a study of private agencies for persons with HIV/AIDS in the Twin Cities /." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998kadings.pdf.

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Nkomo, Faith Dineo. "HIV testing barriers pregnant women - a case study /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09232008-150105.

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MacKinnon, Emily Margaret. "Music as an educational tool for HIV/AIDS : a comparative study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1537.

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This thesis is a critical comparative study of the ways in which music is being used as an educational tool for HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, Brazil, India, China, the U.S., and Canada. Music for education is an aspect of a number of academic disciplines. I introduce the principles of Entertainment-Education and Participatory Communication, which are two methods of conveying education through entertainment. Music cognition, music philosophy, ethnomusicology, sociomusicology, and communication theory offer perspectives on why music is persuasive, emotive, and mnemonic. I present analyses of music HIV/AIDS education efforts from many different regions that employ different methods of music transmission and different musical genres. Some are grassroots interventions, whereas others are large-scale, mass media efforts. I identify a number of high-level themes that emerge from the case studies: music involves the audience, music engages the emotions, music is culturally relevant, music is therapeutic and empowering, and music enhances memory. The case studies highlight a number of specific elements that significantly enhance HIV/AIDS education efforts, elements that should be applied to Canadian efforts. The initiatives that are currently taking place are remarkable, but more efforts are needed to effectively combat the AIDS pandemic.

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Hast, Am. "Experiences of living with HIV/AIDS in Thailand : A qualitative study." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20914.

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This thesis and study is sponsored by Minor Field Study scholarship through University of Borås and is funded by SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). There are around half a million people living with HIV/AIDS in Thailand and it is one of Thailand’s most increasing public health diseases since 1984. There are several organizations working jointly with prevention and lifting the level of knowledge among the public and decreasing new infections.The aim of this study is to describe experiences of persons living with HIV or AIDS in Thailand. In-depth interviews was carried out and analysed with a qualitative content analysis. Six persons, three female and three male, aged between 18 to 67 years living with either HIV or AIDS participated. The informants expressed that they were enjoying life and had plans for the future despite of the infection as they felt a sense of wellbeing, had an acceptance of the infection and themselves. It was important to have support from friends and family to cope with life and that support made them feel blessed and grateful. However the informants also expressed a feeling of no self worth and that they had giving up living because of feeling isolated, stigmatized, depressed, ashamed of themselves and being a burden with a sense of guilt that made them repress themselves. The conclusion is that these aspects were interlinked but the negative dominated among these with AIDs and the positive aspects were more common among the informants living with HIV.
Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning

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Karp, Licia Blyth. "An exploratory study of the psychosocial needs of homosexual AIDS patients." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14276.

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Includes bibliography.
The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is primarily a sexually transmitted disease. The majority of those infected in the First World are homosexual and bisexual men, and intravenous drug users. The study combined a literature review and a case example to explore psychosocial needs of homosexual AIDS patients with a view to presenting recommendations for mental health practitioners to help alleviate the psychosocial trauma of these patients and their significant others. The literature review focussed on the psychosocial experiences of homosexual AIDS patients; their losses, reactions of their significant others; their emotional reactions to medical treatment, and, psychosocial treatment issues and approaches. The case example was a twenty-nine- year old hospitalized homosexual male. Information was received from the patient's befriender, his lover and from the patient himself. The reactions and experiences of this patient were concomitant with many of those discussed in the literature review, namely: The patient suffered major losses: employment, income, house and household possessions as well as social status, with the primary psychosocial effect of loss of independence and control. The patient also experienced some isolation and rejection from some friends, family and hospital staff, and geographical isolation for a period of time from his lover and family. He displayed anger and denial - aspects of his personality which were evident prior to his diagnosis but exacerbated by his illness.

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Badhan, Perven Iren Amara Soonthorndhada. "Study on knowledge of HIV/AIDS among married women in Bangladesh /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-IrenPervenBadhan.pdf.

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Andrews, William David. "A study of the interaction between HIV-1 and its cellular receptor CD4." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282720.

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Gripper, Antoinette Bernadette. "The impact of an HIV/AIDS module on the self-efficacy of teachers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/737.

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In response to the crisis created by the HIV and AIDS pandemic in this country, South African education departments are demanding that educators play a significant role in creating awareness amongst children and adults alike. This task is challenging for teachers who are already working under the pressure of demanding workloads. In order to achieve the intended outcome of AIDS awareness, training of highly efficacious teachers is required. The education module, PSED201, Issues in School and Society, offered as part of a BEd degree for in-service mathematics and science teachers at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, provides one such training opportunity. This study investigates the impact of this module on the self-efficacy of 128 teachers with respect to their role as HIV and AIDS educators. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used and data were collected by means of questionnaires and interviews. The results suggest that there has been an improvement in all four areas of teacher self-efficacy examined in this research. As such, it may be concluded that an important outcome of this intervention has been achieved. As highly efficacious teachers are more likely to influence the behaviour of their learners, the findings of this research should make a meaningful contribution to the debate around AIDS education in South African schools.

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Ukockis, Gail L. "Informal HIV/AIDS caregivers a study of their decision-making, experiences, and perspectives /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179927683.

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Klunklin, Areewan. "Thai women's experiences of HIV/AIDS in the rural north : a grounded theory study /." View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031126.122457/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001.
"Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, School of Nursing, Family and Community Studies." Bibliography: leaves 219-254.

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Sakala, Clement Lumuel. "The transmission of HIV/AIDS in heterosexual marital relationships in Zambian rural communities and HIV/AIDS : a case study of Petauke District." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/38284/.

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Primarily through a case study of the Petauke District this thesis examines the perceptions of local men and women as a basis for examining the significance of the social construction of masculinity for the transmission of HIV/AIDS in heterosexual marriages in rural Zambia. Further, it explores participants' perceptions regarding two possibly key dimensions to the transmission of HIV/AIDS in heterosexual marital relationships in rural Zambia. These are the interconnections between masculinity and gender based violence as a factor in the risk of infection, and male attitudes to the use or neglect of condoms as a measure of protection against the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission. This case study is set primarily in a postmodern social constructionist theoretical context. This provides a sensitive means of registering the variety of concepts, perceptions, interpersonal interactions and broader social conditions which feed into masculinity as a social construction. It also facilitates a fine-grained analysis of how notions of masculinity are both context-specific and shift across time. While largely focusing on the illustrative significance of stakeholders' accounts in Petauke District, the study also provides an account of wider socio-economic conditions and the spread of HIV/AIDS, as a backdrop, and a critique of salient features of current health promotion responses. The case study uses qualitative methods, involving the use of individual interviews and focus group discussions with a sample of thirty men and thirty women, respectively, who were previously or are currently married. A thematic approach is used to analyse the data collected in the field. The study findings reveal that study participants perceive Petauke district to be undergoing a process of social transformation and it is thus on a 'cultural crossroads'. This is as a result of the growing influence of the media, education, intermarriages and social mobility. This has given birth to new social values which all have an influence on the social construction of masculinity. Challenging traditional and contemporary hegemonic modes of masculinity is perceived as one of the main tools that should be used to address the association between the social construction of masculinity and the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission in heterosexual marital relationships. This includes addressing the intersection between domestic violence and the risk of HIV/AIDS infection and promoting the use of condoms against the risk of infection in marital relationships. The study concludes by drawing out the implications for health promotion policy and practice. It discusses the need for health promotion to work with male and female stakeholders, and undertake programmes that have as a key strategy the deconstruction of harmful beliefs and ideologies associated with masculinity, in order to address male HIV/AIDS risk taking behaviour in marital relationships in rural Zambian communities.

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Makurumidze, Richard. "Factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe : cross-sectional study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79913.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Access to antiretroviral therapy has been gradually increasing in resource limited settings, Zimbabwe included. Despite the increasing access to antiretroviral therapy quite a number of patients are still delaying to seek antiretroviral therapy. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy. A survey was conducted at Parirenyatwa Hospital Opportunistic Infections/Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic from September and November 2012. A total of 80 participants starting antiretroviral therapy who met the criteria were included in the study. The inclusion criteria included patients 18 years above but less than 65 years, no prior history of antiretroviral therapy and eligibility for antiretroviral therapy based on CD4 count or World Health Organisation clinical staging. An interviewer administered questionnaire containing demographic, socio-economic and health-facility factors were used to collect data. Four weeks was used as a cut off point for delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy. The majority of participants (60%) delayed seeking antiretroviral therapy and the factors which were associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy included female gender; lack of a partner; low level of education; low socio-economic status; treatment of opportunistic infections; extra laboratory tests on top of the CD4 count tests; not being on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis; not being referred for antiretroviral therapy by the testing site; stigma and discrimination. However disclosure was not associated with early seeking of antiretroviral therapy. Health system factors such as attitude of health care workers, shortage of staff and long waiting times were also identified as bottlenecks to patients seeking antiretroviral therapy early. Efforts to increase early starting of antiretroviral therapy should focus on addressing the referral system from testing sites to antiretroviral therapy initiating sites, improving efficiency of antiretroviral initiating sites, increasing point of care HIV & AIDS diagnostics tools and addressing patient‟s concerns such as stigma & discrimination.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie Geleidelik is steeds in hulpbron beperkte omgewing, Zimbabwe ingesluit. Ten spyte van die toenemende toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie 'n hele aantal van die pasiënte is nog steeds vertraag antiretrovirale terapie te soek. Die doel van die studie was om faktore te ondersoek wat verband hou met vertraging in die soek van antiretrovirale terapie. 'n Opname is by Parirenyatwa-hospitaal opportunistiese infeksies / antiretrovirale terapie Clinic van September en November 2012. 'N totaal van 80 deelnemers begin antiretrovirale terapie wat met die kriteria wat in die studie ingesluit is. Die insluiting kriterium was pasiënte ouer as 18 jaar maar minder as 65 jaar, geen geskiedenis voor antiretrovirale terapie en in aanmerking kom vir antiretrovirale terapie gebaseer op CD4-telling of Kliniese stadiëring Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Was 'n onderhoudvoerder vraelys met demografiese, sosio-ekonomiese faktore en gesondheid-fasiliteit wat gebruik word om data in te samel. 4 weke is gebruik as die afsny punt vir die vertraging in die soeke na antiretrovirale terapie. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (60%) antiretrovirale terapie en die faktore wat verband hou met die vertraging in die soek na antiretrovirale terapie is vertraag te soek vroulike geslag, gebrek van 'n vennoot, lae vlak van onderwys, 'n lae sosio-ekonomiese status, behandeling van opportunistiese infeksies; Ekstra laboratoriumtoetse op die top van die CD4-telling toetse nie op Cotrimoxazole Profilakse, nie vir antiretrovirale terapie verwys deur die toets site, stigma en diskriminasie. Egter openbaarmaking wat nie verband hou met die vroeë soek van antiretrovirale terapie. Gesondheid stelsel faktore soos houding van gesondheidsorgwerkers, tekort aan personeel en lang wagtye, is ook geïdentifiseer as knelpunte aan pasiënte op soek na vroeë antiretrovirale terapie Pogings om te vroeg begin van antiretrovirale terapie Verhoog Indien Fokus op die verwysingstelsel van die toets sites tot antiretrovirale terapie Inisiëring sites, verbetering van doeltreffendheid van antiretrovirale Inisiëring sites, Verhoog Punt van Care MIV & VIGS diagnose tools en aanspreek van die pasiënt se Kommer Soos stigma en diskriminasie.

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Bodling, Sara, and Sarah Larsson. "A descriptive study of self-perceived attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS in Cambodia." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7080.

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Bodling, S. & Larsson, S. (2010). A descriptive study of how people with HIV/AIDS in Cambodia experience attitudes regarding the disease from people around them. Essay for bachelor degree in Public Health 15 hp, Department of Occupational and Public Health, University of Gävle.

Cambodia is the most HIV-afflicted country in Southeast Asia. The level of knowledge about the virus among the people is low and because of the poor conditions few people have access to testing and treatment. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been followed by a stigmatization against people living with the disease and negative attitudes are common. The aim of this study was to identify self-perceived attitudes experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS in Lvea Em, Cambodia.

In this study, a qualitative interview method was used. Ten interviews were conducted with ten Cambodian men and women, aged 25-48 years. They lived in different villages in the district of Lvea Em, outside Phnom Penh. The contact-organization Asian Outreach Cambodia (AOC) provided us with the informants. Most interviews were conducted in the informant’s own homes. One of the staff from the AOC also worked as an interpreter during the interviews. Since HIV/AIDS can be a sensitive topic, particular consideration was given to ethical considerations. To evaluate the results from the study a content analysis was used.

The results showed that there are several negative attitudes connected to people living with HIV/AIDS. The main reason for negative attitudes seems to be fear of contagion. The result also showed some positive attitudes that derive from having HIV, like the discovery of love and care from family members and strengthening of the relationship to them. The results indicate that it is important to target the main underlying causes for stigmatization against people living with HIV/AIDS, but also that it is necessary to focus on the positive attitudes that do exist towards them. We wish that this study may contribute a little in the future work to eliminate the stigma and negative attitudes and also in the work to bring forward and increase the positive attitudes.

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Olausson, Alexander, and Karin Lundgren. "HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among Vietnamese adolescents – A quantitative study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192521.

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Introduction: Vietnam is said to be the country with the fastest growing HIV epidemic in Asia. HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are factors that affect the HIV-epidemic negatively. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among Vietnamese adolescents. The aim was also to investigate the differences between genders, and between adolescents in an urban area versus a rural area in Ho Chi Minh City about these issues. Method: A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire containing four domains: 1. "Fear of transmission and disease", 2. "Association with shame, blame and judgment", 3. "Personal support of discriminatory actions or policies", 4. "Perceived community support of discriminatory actions or policies”. The study was carried out at two high schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A convenience sample was used. Out of the total number of 797 who filled in the questionnaire, 400 were used with 200 from each high school. Results: The majority had heard about HIV/AIDS and about a fifth knew someone living with HIV/AIDS. In domain 2 the majority (87.0 %) considered that people living with HIV/AIDS should be given treatment and care, only if they stop participating in immoral or illicit activities. More male than female adolescents, as well as more adolescents in urban area than rural area, agreed to this. In domain 4 more male than female adolescents in the urban area reported that people living with HIV/AIDS in this community face verbal abuse or teasing. In the same domain, more adolescents living in the urban area than those in the rural area reported that people living with HIV/AIDS in this community face neglect from their family and rejection from their peers. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination exists among Vietnamese adolescents. The healthcare should be aware of this matter when providing health education to adolescents and planning intervention programs in order to prevent this issue.
Introduktion: Vietnam sägs vara landet med den snabbaste växande HIV-epidemin i Asien. HIV/AIDS-relaterad stigma och diskriminering är faktorer som påverkar HIV-epidemin negativt. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande arbete var att undersöka HIV/AIDS-relaterad stigma och diskriminering bland vietnamesiska ungdomar. Syftet var också att undersöka skillnaderna mellan könen och mellan ungdomar i staden och på landsbygden i Ho Chi Minh City. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie med en strukturerad enkät innehållande 4 domäner; 1. ”Rädsla för smittöverföring och sjukdom”, 2. "Association med skam, skuld och dom", 3. ”Personligt stöd till diskriminerande åtgärder eller principer”, 4. "Upplevelse av samhällets inverkan av diskriminerande åtgärder eller politik". Studien utfördes vid två gymnasieskolor i Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ett bekvämligheturval användes. Av det totala antalet 797 elever som fyllde i enkäten, var det 400 som användes med 200 från vardera gymnasieskola. Resultat: Majoriteten av studenterna hade hört talas om HIV/AIDS och cirka en femtedel kände någon som lever med HIV/AIDS. I domän 2 ansåg majoriteten (87,0%) att de som lever med HIV/AIDS bör ges vård och behandling, bara om de slutar att delta i omoraliska eller olagliga aktiviteter. Fler manliga än kvinnliga ungdomar, samt fler ungdomar i staden än de på landsbygden, instämde i detta. I domän 4 trodde fler manliga än kvinnliga ungdomar i stadsområdet att människor som lever med HIV/AIDS utsätts för verbal misshandel eller blir retade. I samma domän rapporterade fler ungdomar som bor i staden än de på landsbygden att människor som lever med HIV/AIDS blir utsatta för vanvård av sina familjer och utstötta av sina kamrater. Slutsats: HIV/AIDS-relaterad stigma och diskriminering förekommer bland vietnamesiska ungdomar. Vården bör vara medveten om detta problem när de ger hälsoupplysning till ungdomar och planerar interventionsprogram för att förebygga problemet.

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Hardinger, Gail Catherine. "Persons with HIV/AIDS return to work an assessment study of the employment needs of persons with HIV/AIDS in the Twin Cities /." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998hardingerg.pdf.

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Duffy, Sidney James. "Application of an expert system in AIDS education." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1992. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36884/1/36884_Duffy_1992_v1.pdf.

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In 1978, the first clinical case of Acquired lmrnune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed. At that time, little concern was expressed by the medical profession about this disease which appeared to be restricted to the homosexual community. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) rose to the forefront of public health, scientific and medical attention after an unusual distribution of opportunistic infections and neoplasms were observed in previously healthy homosexual men and drug abusers in mid-1981 1 The alteration in the immune system of patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has provided scientists with one of the most challenging problems in medicine to date. The clinical symptoms seen in these patients show that the immune system is incapable of protecting the host against some common pathogens23 Many investigators believed that the underlying cause of the disease might well have been any number of diverse factors related to lifestyles of the infected people. Some of these factors vvere thought to include: repeated infections which could lead to antigen overload of the immune system, multiple sexual partners whicr• could lead to multiple infections of sexually transmitted diseases and the use of recreational drugs45 These factors were soon discounted as the cause of .l\lDS, because it was found the disease could be transmitted by sexual contact, blood and blood products. It is still possible that these factors may be cofactors that could render the host more susceptible to be infected by the causative agent. Every avenue of research was investigated as scientists began an extensive and intensive search for the causative agent of AIDS. Since no common bacterial, parasitic or fungal micro-organism was consistently isolated from the body fluids or tissue samples of people affected by AIDS, it was subsequently and correctly believed that the causative agent was a virus6 A important clue as the underlying cause of the disease came from consistent abnormalities seen in the immune system of people infected with AIDS7 The common factor was a profound and In the ensuing five years a considerable amount of information was documented on the causative organism, a virus and it􀀍: primary modes of transmission. The virus was later called Human lrnrnunodeficiency Virus (HIV), it's primary modes of transmission being sexual transmission and by blood and blood products. Howe-✓er, the disease was considered to be restricted to homosexual males, with an increased occurrence in those individuals who were intravenous drug users. This defect resulting from HIV infection, was found to relate to a quantative and qualitative change in the distribution of the blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are the white blood cells which are responsible for producing specific antibodies against disease organisms or disease processes. AIDS is a viral induced disease which grossly impairs the defence mechanism (immune system) of the individual. As a result the immunologically deficien1 person cannot raise an effective number of antibodies to any infection. Consequently, patients with AIDS suffer life-threatening illnesses which under normally conditions be controlled by the immune system's defence cells. In the following years, from 1983, to date, the importance of AIDS as a potential pandemic disease of all people and all populations was becoming critically apparent. Despite worldwide public awareness programs on this disease and about the virus, the incidence of AIDS continues to increase at an alarming rate. Medical opinion is that there is little chance that an effective cure either by preventive vaccination or by drug treatment of the disease, will be available in the immediate future. The answer to defeating AIDS in the short term, lies in adopting changes to social behaviours and practices. The task to encourage these changes on a global basis, is daunting, perhaps even impossible. Part of the solution is to provide the public with accurate information about the disease and its modes of transmission in 3 way which is readily understood. This is the challenge to the health educator. It was this challenge which provided the stimu'ation and the motivation to undertake the investigations reported in this thesis.

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Nilsson, Lina, and Malin Berg. "Nurses experiences of caring for patients with HIV/AIS in Dar es Salaam : A qualitative study at Muhimbili National Hospital and Buguruni Healthcare Center, Tanzania." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109394.

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ABSTRACT Background: HIV/AIDS is a worldwide disease and exists documented in over 150 countries. There are 25 million infected people with HIV/AIDS in Africa, those stands for almost 71 % of all infected people around the world. This study is an opportunity to take a more important part of the care process that gives an overview of nurse’s experiences. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe registered nurses experiences of caring for patients with HIV/ AIDS in Dar es Salaam. Method: The study is empirical and it took place at Muhimbili National Hospital and Buguruni Health Center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A convenient sample of seven nurses with experiences of caring for patients with HIV/AIDS participated in this study. Their experiences were investigated through interviews. Interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories were formulated as the: Importance with a cooperative relationship, importance with confirmatory meetings and Challenges and stressful work condition. The sub-categories were counted as six and formulated as To achieve good cooperation, To create a close relationship, To obtain confirmation as a nurse, Striving to strengthen the patient through education, To manage heavy workload and stress and To manage difficult meetings. Cooperation and close relations are of great importance when it comes to nurse’s experience of caring for patients living with HIV / AIDS. To perceive confirmation and management maintain the high quality of caring. Conclusions: The nurses who participated in the study described their experiences in the care of patients with HIV/AIDS as confirmatory, cooperative and developing. Despite this, these nurses faces intractable challenges and encounters experienced tough and stressful.

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Söderström, Sara. "Female inequality and the spreading of HIV/AIDS – a gender-based study." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-744.

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The spreading of HIV/AIDS has a gendered dimension. In this essay I focus on the gender roles that create different spheres for the sexes and how they are connected to the spreading of HIV/AIDS. The construction of masculinity hinders the HIV preventing efforts due to the social demands of having several partners and the dislike of using condoms. Sometimes it also results in gender-based violence. The female gender role narrows the possibilities for women to protect themselves. The women are struck harder by the disease because they are in a disadvantageous position in society where they have few means of economic independence and no control over their own bodies in their sexual relationships. The key is to change the gendered domain and the attitudes toward both men and women.

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49

Trenaman, Michael Logan. "Economic considerations of patient decision aids : a case study in sleep apnea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50173.

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Background: Patient decision aids (PtDAs), tools used to facilitate shared decision-making, help improve patient-physician communication and the quality of healthcare decisions. Over 500 PtDAs are available, yet implementation of these tools has been limited. In order for decision-makers to implement new health care interventions such as PtDAs, they require rigorous economic evidence demonstrating that such interventions provide value for money. Objectives: To explore the economic consideration of PtDAs by (1) systematically reviewing PtDA trials that have evaluated economic outcomes, (2) exploring the potential cost-effectiveness of a PtDA for individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and (3) describing the development of a an OSA PtDA prototype. Methods: PtDA trials evaluating economic outcomes were systematically reviewed through an electronic search of Medline/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. The potential cost-effectiveness of a PtDA for OSA was evaluated through a Markov cohort decision-analytic model, which explored the cost-effectiveness of a PtDA compared to usual care. Finally, an OSA PtDA prototype was developed according to the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) criteria. Results: Our systematic review found that PtDAs will likely increase upfront administration costs, but may decrease short-term costs by reducing the uptake of invasive treatments. Most studies did not comprehensively capture long-term costs and health outcomes appropriately. Through our economic modelling of a PtDA for OSA we found it could be a cost-effective use of resources provided it increases adherence to treatment. However there was considerable uncertainty in this estimate, with expected value of information analysis revealing that additional research is warranted. We developed and tested a prototype OSA PtDA, and found no evidence that users became stuck or experienced errors during usability testing. The majority of users found the PtDA easy to use and worthy of recommending to others. Conclusions: Policy-makers lack sufficient economic evidence to make informed decisions about whether and where to invest in PtDAs. This evidence gap could be a factor contributing to the slow implementation of PtDAs. Using OSA as a case study, this work demonstrates an economic modelling framework that can be used to evaluate the potential cost-effectiveness of PtDAs.
Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate

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Iyiani, Christian, and n/a. "A case study of HIV/AIDS prevention in Nigeria : assessment and recommendations." University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080213.112805.

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This is a two-stage study of HIV/AIDS prevention. In Stage One, the study examines the HIV/AIDS approach of Western aid organisations (INGOs) and compares it to the lived realities of people who are most 'at risk', sex workers, unemployed street youth, and married low income families, in the poor migrant community of Ajegunle in Nigeria�s Lagos state. The study found that INGOs and their client NGOs emphasised Western medical models of HIV/AIDS for both intervention (e.g. testing and ARV drugs for management) and prevention (e.g. through education and behaviour change). In contrast, among 'at-risk' groups, the study revealed a high degree of knowledge about the transmission of HIV/AIDS (contrary to Western medical assumptions), but also detected strong feelings of powerlessness in being able to address it. INGOs and their client organisations were operating at the levels of tertiary or curative and secondary or behaviour change prevention, whereas the views of the local 'at-risk people' indicated relevance of the primary prevention level, the social structural conditions of the people. In analysing the results of the first stage of the study, the findings identified a process of 'talking past each other' by official aid agencies and those most at risk, thereby inhibiting effective prevention. The INGOs and NGOs used their financial power, based on the gross inequality in the world distribution of resources, to dictate their own agendas, omitting primary intervention and instead concentrating on secondary and tertiary prevention. The study suggests that new thinking about multi-sectoral responses with full community participation is necessary in order to engage in more effective preventive action. The study then sought out alternative sources of power that might permit that to happen, notably the strengths of the local Ajegunle community. As a poor community, they lacked financial resources and human capital, such as skilled workers, but they had significant knowledge capital about their own circumstances and the realities people faced. The community also had considerable cultural capital and local organisations with considerable relational capital around community links, broad based support and commitment to such action. This analysis suggests the need to identify and work through the power differentials using community development processes, especially seeking to empower local communities to take part in decision-making over prevention, if effective action is to take place. The process required is one of a negotiated, inclusive partnerships for sharing information, experience, and decision-making, involving all the relevant stakeholders - the International Organisations (INGOs), National NGOs, Community Groups and the community itself.

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