Academic literature on the topic 'Student assessment structures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Student assessment structures"
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Poland, Susan, and Linda Plevyak. "US STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE: A REVIEW OF THE FOUR MAJOR SCIENCE ASSESSMENTS." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 64, no. 1 (April 25, 2015): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/15.64.53.
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The purpose of this research is to review the nature of four major science assessments administered in the United States: the ACT, PISA, TIMSS, and NAEP. Each assessment provides a very different view into US student performance in science. The TIMSS and PISA are international assessments of student performance and are often cited as evidence that US students are underperforming in comparison to their international peers. The NAEP is used to assess student knowledge of science across multiple age ranges in the United States. Finally, the ACT is administered to college-bound students who elect to take the exam. The underlying philosophies and basic structures of each assessment are explored, and comparisons and contrasts between the assessments are drawn. Historical student performance on each assessment is also analyzed. Analysis of these assessments suggests that US students struggle to apply scientific skills at the high school level, while US middle and elementary students understand scientific content knowledge well. Key words: student performance; science assessment; STEM education; standardized testing.
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Campbell, Philippa H. "The Integrated Programming Team: An Approach for Coordinating Professionals of Various Disciplines in Programs for Students with Severe and Multiple Handicaps." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 12, no. 2 (June 1987): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079698701200204.
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Historically, several different team structures have been used to provide assessment and programming by various disciplines in educational settings. Student goals are established on the basis of isolated assessments by each team member with remedial programming provided through either direct (hands-on) or indirect (consultative) services. This article describes an alternate approach to team programming that uses parents and professionals to select unified programming goals, provide direct and indirect related services, integrate programming methods, and monitor student progress. Program philosophy and overall functional assessment-curriculum organizes team members and guides implementation within various educational structures serving students with severe disabilities.
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Webb, Kevin C., Daniel Zingaro, Soohyun Nam Liao, Cynthia Taylor, Cynthia Lee, Michael Clancy, and Leo Porter. "Student Performance on the BDSI for Basic Data Structures." ACM Transactions on Computing Education 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3470654.
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A Concept Inventory (CI) is an assessment to measure student conceptual understanding of a particular topic. This article presents the results of a CI for basic data structures (BDSI) that has been previously shown to have strong evidence for validity. The goal of this work is to help researchers or instructors who administer the BDSI in their own courses to better understand their results. In support of this goal, we discuss our findings for each question of the CI using data gathered from 1,963 students across seven institutions.
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Wardoyo, Retantyo, and Wenty Dwi Yuniarti. "Analysis of Fuzzy Logic Modification for Student Assessment in e-Learning." IJID (International Journal on Informatics for Development) 9, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijid.2020.09105.
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The phenomenon of the rapid transfer of learning to online systems, such as e-Learning, has occurred massively. Institutions must ensure that student assessments run well. The characteristics of learning in e-Learning require an appropriate assessment method. The fuzzy logic method can be an option. Research shows that fuzzy logic is capable of providing flexible and objective performance evaluation. Fuzzy logic is a method that can overcome the uncertainty of transparency and objectivity of student assessments. In general, fuzzy logic applications are carried out by standards. Modification is an attempt to reveal the flexibility and to optimize the use of fuzzy logic. This study presents an analysis of fuzzy logic modification for the assessment of Algorithm and Data Structures courses held in e-Learning. These modifications include (i) modification of the parameter score with score compatibility, (ii) consequent modification of the fuzzy rules and (iii) modification of the implication process. The study results show that although the use of fuzzy logic requires more complicated procedures and tools, it can present various kinds of assessment as an option for educators to assess students in e-Learning.
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Karp, Grace Goc, and Marianne L. Woods. "Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions about Assessment and Its Implementation." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 27, no. 3 (July 2008): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.27.3.327.
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Examining how preservice teachers (PTs) perceive and implement assessment may provide clues as to how we can refocus the way future teachers use assessment. A conceptual framework addressing PT beliefs and how they change was applied in this study to examine PTs’ (N = 17) beliefs and understanding of the role of assessment and evaluation on student learning and instruction while implementing a high school physical education program. PTs experienced and discussed the role of needs assessment, assessment-focused instruction, and authentic and alternative assessments in relation to student learning and instruction using a teaching for understanding framework (Wiggins, 1998). Data gathered included surveys and interviews documenting PTs’ previously held beliefs and conceptions; current perceptions of the assessment concepts used during the course and in their units; analysis of assessments used in unit plans; and PTs’ perceptions of assessment and student learning during and after the unit taught. PTs planned and implemented alternative/authentic as well as traditional assessments in three out of four units. PTs’ beliefs about student learning and assessment were varied. Despite ultimate lack of teacher authority, PTs felt that doing these assessments affected their beliefs about assessment. Some PTs accommodated new information about authentic assessment and expanded their understanding, whereas other PTs either resisted or assimilated this new knowledge into existing belief structures. The results indicate that shaping critical and authentic assessment experiences in teacher preparation deserves increased attention and deliberate planning throughout PETE programs if shifts in beliefs are to be made.
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Alpert, Frank, Joo-Gim Heaney, and Kerri-Ann L. Kuhn. "Internships in marketing: Goals, structures and assessment – Student, company and academic perspectives." Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) 17, no. 1 (May 2009): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2009.01.003.
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Daly, Alan J., Nienke M. Moolenaar, Claudia Der-Martirosian, and Yi-Hwa Liou. "Accessing Capital Resources: Investigating the Effects of Teacher Human and Social Capital on Student Achievement." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 116, no. 7 (July 2014): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600702.
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Background A growing empirical base suggests that there is a positive relationship between teacher social interaction and student achievement. However, much of this research is based on standardized summative assessments, which, while important, may have limited applicability to timely instructional decision making. As such, in this work, we examine the relationship between teacher social interaction and interim benchmark formative assessments, which have been argued to play a more useful role in instructional decision making. Purpose In this study we used a human and social capital framework to explore the relationship between teacher social interaction and student achievement on an interim benchmark formative assessment. We hypothesized that teacher social capital would be positively related with student achievement as measured by an interim assessment, even after controlling for student and teacher demographics as well as proxies for teacher human capital. Population A sample of 63 teachers from five elementary schools in a midsize U.S. district completed a demographic and social network survey, from which we generated our human and social capital measures. For student-level data, we collected current and prior student achievement from 1,196 third to fifth grade students on an English Language Arts Interim Benchmark Assessment. Research Design We used survey data to conduct social network analysis and hierarchical linear modeling to explore the multilevel relationship between human and social capital and student achievement. Results Results indicated that even when controlling for student demographics and prior achievement, teachers’ human and social capital had a significant effect on student achievement as measured by interim assessments. More specifically our results indicated that more teaching experience in the current school was associated with better student performance on the interim assessment. In addition, the act of reaching out to other teachers to share knowledge regarding reading comprehension was associated with higher student scores on the interim assessment even when controlling for demographics and past academic performance. Conclusions This study offers a unique insight into the role of accessing capital resources and student achievement in strengthening schools under increased pressure to improve. Our work adds to the growing empirical base that suggests that teacher social interaction has a relationship with student achievement. To encourage social interaction, creating formal policies and structures for teachers to develop social ties with one another related to content may be a useful strategy in supporting student outcomes.
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Sugga, Prabhjot Singh, Gaurav Raheja, and Sanjay Chikermane. "Integration of Structures in Students’ Design solutions: A Tool for Assessment." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n1.418.
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Traditional teaching practices are often questioned over their failure to generate interest and profound understanding of structures among students that further affect its integration in design solutions. Alternative teaching practices though claim to be more effective, need a sound evaluation measured through assessment of the level of integration of structures in design solutions- the ultimate objective of such courses. This paper evaluates the integration of structures in design solutions of architecture students. The integration assessment framework used for evaluation is based on building systems approach across three dimensions of performance, physicality and visual. It has been developed after comparing four prior frameworks with a 4-point scale and customized to suit the context of the academic environment. The framework offers flexibility in its use for different technical knowledge levels for each successive year of Bachelor of architecture program. The expert opinion followed by testing on design samples from all the program years further refined the framework. The study was then scaled up to include students from first to fourth years for three architecture schools that have completely different institutional environment. The findings revealed that including structural resolution in a design studio mandate may result in higher resolution of structures in design solutions but it is the building typology and student interest that may result in higher visual integration of structures in design solutions. Furthermore, the institutional environment effects can be seen in the setting of studio mandates where architecture school in technical campus laid more emphasis on resolutions of structures and services when compared to other architecture schools
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Thiry, Heather, Timothy J. Weston, Sandra L. Laursen, and Anne-Barrie Hunter. "The Benefits of Multi-Year Research Experiences: Differences in Novice and Experienced Students’ Reported Gains from Undergraduate Research." CBE—Life Sciences Education 11, no. 3 (September 2012): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.11-11-0098.
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This mixed-methods study explores differences in novice and experienced undergraduate students’ perceptions of their cognitive, personal, and professional gains from engaging in scientific research. The study was conducted in four different undergraduate research (UR) programs at two research-extensive universities; three of these programs had a focus on the biosciences. Seventy-three entry-level and experienced student researchers participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews and completed the quantitative Undergraduate Research Student Self-Assessment (URSSA) instrument. Interviews and surveys assessed students’ developmental outcomes from engaging in UR. Experienced students reported distinct personal, professional, and cognitive outcomes relative to their novice peers, including a more sophisticated understanding of the process of scientific research. Students also described the trajectories by which they developed not only the intellectual skills necessary to advance in science, but also the behaviors and temperament necessary to be a scientist. The findings suggest that students benefit from multi-year UR experiences. Implications for UR program design, advising practices, and funding structures are discussed.
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Liu, Yingchun, Zhuojing Ni, Shimin Zha, and Zhen Zhang. "Exploring the Development of Student Teachers’ Knowledge Construction in Peer Assessment: A Quantitative Ethnography." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 27, 2022): 15787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315787.
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Peer assessment (PA) is a formative assessment tool that can effectively monitor the development process of knowledge construction. In comment-based PA, comments contain the evidence of how the assessors construct knowledge to conduct professional assessments, which initiates a research perspective to explore the dynamic knowledge construction of the assessors. Quantitative ethnography is both a method for the quantitative analysis of qualitative data and a technique for the network modelling of professional competencies, providing a new way of thinking about the analysis and evaluation of knowledge construction processes. In this paper, quantitative ethnography was used to mine the comments generated from comment-based PA activities to reveal the characteristics of student teachers’ knowledge construction and the developmental trajectories of knowledge structure at different learning stages. The experimental results show that the student teachers’ knowledge structures and knowledge levels evolve in the PA environment, and the cognitive network gradually tends to become more complex and balanced. The student teachers showed stage and gender differences in the level of knowledge progression during the learning process. The second PA was a turning point in knowledge progression. The knowledge structures of the male and female groups are biased towards different kinds of knowledge elements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Student assessment structures"
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Moore, Darrell Wayne. "Classroom Organizational Structures as Related to Student Achievement in Upper Elementary Grades in Northeast Tennessee Public Schools." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1968.
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Fouh, Mbindi Eric Noel. "Building and Evaluating a Learning Environment for Data Structures and Algorithms Courses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51951.
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Learning technologies in computer science education have been most closely associated with teaching of programming, including automatic assessment of programming exercises. However, when it comes to teaching computer science content and concepts, learning technologies have not been heavily used. Perhaps the best known application today is Algorithm Visualization (AV), of which there are hundreds of examples. AVs tend to focus on presenting the procedural aspects of how a given algorithm works, rather than more conceptual content. There are also new electronic textbooks (eTextbooks) that incorporate the ability to edit and execute program examples. For many traditional courses, a longstanding problem is lack of sufficient practice exercises with feedback to the student.
Automated assessment provides a way to increase the number of exercises on which students can receive feedback. Interactive eTextbooks have the potential to make it easy for instructors to introduce both visualizations and practice exercises into their courses.
OpenDSA is an interactive eTextbook for data structures and algorithms (DSA) courses.
It integrates tutorial content with AVs and automatically assessed interactive exercises. Since Spring 2013, OpenDSA has been regularly used to teach a fundamental data structures and algorithms course (CS2), and also a more advanced data structures, algorithms, and analysis course (CS3) at various institutions of higher education.
In this thesis, I report on findings from early adoption of the OpenDSA system. I describe how
OpenDSA's design addresses obstacles in the use of AV systems. I identify a wide variety of use for OpenDSA in the classroom. I found that instructors used OpenDSA exercises as graded assignments in all the courses where it was used. Some instructors assigned an OpenDSA assignment before lectures and started spending more time teaching higher-level concepts. OpenDSA also supported implementing a ``flipped classroom'' by some instructors. I found that
students are enthusiastic about OpenDSA and voluntarily used the AVs embedded within OpenDSA. Students found OpenDSA beneficial and expressed a preference for a class format that included using OpenDSA as part of the assigned graded work. The relationship between OpenDSA and students' performance was inconclusive, but I found that students with
higher grades tend to complete more exercises.Ph. D.
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Erbas, Kadir Can. "Factors Affecting Scientific Literacy Of Students In Turkey In Programme For International Student Assessment (pisa)." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606105/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that are related to scientific literacy of 15-year old students in Turkey in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data. Two groups of variables were considered for the analyses. In the first groupnumber of books at home and attendance to preschool, attitudes towards school, student-teacher relation, feeling of loneliness, remedial study and homework and attending out-of-school courses were taken as variables that are related to scientific literacy. In the second group, basically, variables that are related to computer literacy and usage were considered. These variables are: frequency of using internet, frequency of using computer, basic computer skills, advanced computer skills and attitudes towards computer. The results indicated that quality of student-teacher relation, the number of books at home and attendance to preschool education, use of internet and basic computer skills are positively related to scientific literacy measures of the students. As expected, student feeling of loneliness has negative impact on literacy skills. Remedial classes conducted by schools and homework assignments have positive effect on school related attitude, but they cannot contribute scientific literacy skills of the students. Outside school private courses has positive relation with the scientific literacy, but this effect rather seems coming from family background characteristics. Use of internet and basic computer skills might have positive relation with both attitudes towards computer and scientific literacy, but use of software programs and advanced computer skills indicated negative relationship with the scientific literacy measures of the students.
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Gogol, Katarzyna [Verfasser]. "Students’ affect and motivation: Assessment, structure, and development / Katarzyna Gogol." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1088402208/34.
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Woods, Bonnie. "The Effectiveness of a Structured Functiona Behavior Assessment Procedure: Teacher Training as a Moderator." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4793.
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Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) is a collaborative, standardized process that was developed as a way to address identified barriers to completing effective functional behavior assessments (FBAs) in public schools. Current research literature documents the effectiveness of the PTR process in decreasing problematic behaviors and increasing social skills and academic engaged time for students in kindergarten through 8th grade. In addition, PTR demonstrates high acceptability by school personnel implementing the process. While PTR has demonstrated success in schools, questions still exist regarding variables that impact the effectiveness of this process. Therefore, the current study investigated the moderating effect of prior teacher training in managing challenging behavior on the effectiveness of the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) process. Data regarding students' social skills, behavior problems, and academic engagement were analyzed through a series of mixed factorial analyses in order to determine the effectiveness of the PTR process. Results indicate that teachers' previous preparation in dealing with behavioral problems did not moderate the effectiveness of PTR, thus indicating that the process is equally beneficial to all teachers. However, time and the implementation of PTR were found to be significant in altering trends in student outcomes. Academic engaged time was found to be significantly altered more frequently than social skills or behavior problems. Implications of the findings for using the PTR process to address problematic student behavior in schools are discussed.
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Is, Cisdem. "A Cross-cultural Comparison Of Factors Affecting Mathematical Literacy Of Students In Programme For International Student Assessment (pisa)." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1050434/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting mathematical literacy of 15-year-old students in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) across different cultural settings. The present study was conducted across three countries. These countries are Brazil, Japan and Norway. The countries were selected on the basis of their rankings in PISA 2000 study. Japan represented a high performing country with an average score of 557, Norway represented an average performing country with an average score of 499, and Brazil represented a low performing country with an average score of 334. The study explored how mathematical literacy is stimulated by predictors related to the students, the families and the school. A separate factor analysis was carried out for each questionnaire such as student questionnaire and cross curricular competencies questionnaire within the data of each country. Since the results of factor analyses of three countries were parallel, the observed variables representing the latent variables were selected from the student questionnaire and cross curricular competencies questionnaire administered in PISA 2000 in order to be used in the structural equation modeling. The included factors affecting mathematical literacy in PISA 2000 are attitudes towards reading, student-teacher relations, climate, communication with parents, usage of technology and facilities, attitudes towards mathematics and reading literacy. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling across three different cultures with different performance levels in PISA 2000. The findings of the study show that the latent independent variable having the strongest effect on mathematical literacy is the usage of technology and facilities in Brazil, communication with parents in Japan and attitudes towards reading in Norway. Moreover, the results were as follows: (1) Reading literacy significantly and positively influences mathematical literacy in all three countries. (2) There is a reciprocal relationship between the attitudes towards mathematics and mathematical literacy. In Brazil, the influence of attitudes towards mathematics on mathematical literacy is higher. However, the influence of mathematical literacy on attitudes towards mathematics is higher in Norway. (3) The attitudes towards reading have a negative direct effect and a positive indirect effect on mathematical literacy. (4) The student-teacher relations have a positive effect on mathematical literacy in Japan and Norway. But, in Brazil, this effect is negative. (5) The student-related factors affecting school climate are significantly and positively related to mathematical literacy in Brazil. On the other hand, the effect of climate on mathematical literacy is negative in Japan and non-significant in Norway. (6) Communication with parents significantly and positively influences the mathematical literacy in all three countries. (7) The usage of technology and facilities significantly and positively affects mathematical literacy in Brazil. However, this effect is negative in Japan and non-significant in Norway.
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Luxford, Cynthia Joan. "Use of Multiple Representations to Explore Students’ Understandings of Covalent and Ionic Bonding as Measured by the Bonding Representations Inventory." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366031143.
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Scott, Goggin Evan. "A quantitative study of the implementation of formative assessment strategies in the classroom." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1525371323044662.
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Brooks, Janell Hargrove. "Structural Extension of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Cross-Battery Approach to Include Measures of Visual-Motor Integration." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/38.
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In spite of the long-standing tradition of including measures of visual-motor integration in psychological evaluations, visual-motor abilities have not been included in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities or its complementary cross-battery approach to assessment. The purpose of this research was to identify the shared constructs of a popular test of visual-motor integration and a test of intellectual functioning, and to investigate how a test of visual-motor integration would be classified within the CHC model. A large normative sample of 3,015 participants that ranged in age from 5 to 97 years completed the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, Second Edition (Bender-Gestalt II; Brannigan & Decker, 2003) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB5; Roid, 2003). Correlational analyses indicated positive moderate correlations across all age ranges between the Bender-Gestalt II Copy measure and the SB5 Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Processing subscale and between the Bender-Gestalt II Recall measure and the SB5 Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Processing and Nonverbal Working Memory subscales. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a three-factor model for four age groupings and four-factor model for one age grouping, suggesting factors which represent crystallized ability, fluid reasoning, and visual-motor ability. The results of this study suggest that the Bender-Gestalt II measures abilities that are not included in the SB5. Therefore, the Bender-Gestalt II would complement an intelligence test such as the SB5 in order to form a CHC Visual Processing (Gv) broad ability factor. These findings also address the need for further research to validate the constructs measured by newer versions of widely-used tests of cognitive ability.
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Carter, Kelli Patrice. "Investigating Student Conceptual Understanding of Structure and Function by Using Formative Assessment and Automated Scoring Models." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7761.
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There has been a call from the national community of biologists and biology educators to increase biological literacy of undergraduate students, including understanding and application of core concepts. The structure and function relationship is a core concept identified by the wider biology community and by physiology faculty. Understanding of the core concept structure and function across multiple levels of organization may promote biological literacy. My research focused on the development of formative written assessment tools to provide insight into student understanding of structure and function in anatomy and physiology.
In chapter two I developed automated scoring tools to facilitate the evaluation of written formative assessment based on structure and function. Formative written assessments allow students to demonstrate their thinking by encouraging students to use their diverse ideas to construct their responses. However, formative written assessments are not often used in the undergraduate biology classroom due to barriers, such as time spent grading and the intricacy of interpreting student responses. Automated scoring, such as lexical analysis and machine scoring, can examine student thinking in formative written responses. The core concept structure-function provides a foundation upon which many topics in anatomy and physiology can be built across all levels of organization. My research focused on the development of formative written assessment tools and automated scoring models to provide insight into student understanding of structure and function. My research objective was to examine student understanding of a core concept in anatomy and physiology by using automated scoring. Ten short answer questions were administered to students in a junior-level General Physiology course and a sophomore level Human Anatomy and Physiology course at a large Southeastern public university, and to students in Human Anatomy and Physiology courses at two Southeastern two-year colleges. Seventeen students were interviewed to determine if their responses to the short answer questions accurately reflected their thinking. Lexical analysis and machine scoring were used to build predictive models that can analyze student thinking about the structure-function relationship in anatomy and physiology with high agreement to human scoring. Less than half of the student responses in this study demonstrated conceptual understanding of the structure-function relationship. Automated scoring can successfully evaluate a large number of student responses in Human Anatomy and Physiology and General Physiology courses.
In chapter three I compared conceptual understanding of structure and function in 2-yr and 4-yr student responses. Anatomy and physiology is taught at a variety of institutions, including 2-year community colleges and 4-year research universities. Regardless of the type of institution offering anatomy and physiology, conceptual understanding of the structure-function relationship is necessary to understand physiological processes. The focus of my research was to compare conceptual understanding of 2-year versus 4-year anatomy and physiology students by using written formative assessment. I hypothesize that differences in students’ academic readiness between two-year and four-year institutions may affect conceptual understanding and student performance. Based on prior research, I predict that there will be a difference in conceptual understanding of the core concept structure and function between two-year and four-year students in anatomy and physiology, and that the students at the two-year institution will not perform as well as the students at the four-year institution, as measured by performance on the constructed response questions. Responses to eight short answer essay questions were collected from students at both types of institutions from students in human anatomy and physiology over six semesters. My results demonstrated that there is a difference in conceptual understanding of the structure-function relationship between 2-year and 4-year students in anatomy and physiology with more 4-year students mentioning SRF concepts in their responses compared to the 2-year students. A potential reason for this difference may be college readiness. There was no difference in performance between institution types on structure-function concepts examined in the A&P II course. My results suggested that students may benefit from a focus on core concepts within the content of anatomy and physiology courses. This focus should occur in both the first and second semesters of anatomy and physiology. Instructors can use written formative assessment to allow students to demonstrate their conceptual understanding within the organ systems.
In chapter four I investigated how question features affect student responses to anatomy and physiology formative assessment questions. Short answer essay questions contain features which are elements of the question which aid students in connecting the question to their existing knowledge. Varying the features of a question may be used to provide insight into the different stages of students’ emerging biological expertise and differentiate novice students who have memorized an explanation from those who exhibit understanding. I am interested in examining the cognitive level of questions, the use of guiding context/references in question prompts, and the order of questions, and how these features elicit student explanations of the core concept structure-function in anatomy and physiology. I hypothesized that varying the features of short answer questions may affect student explanations. Short answer questions based on the core concept ‘structure-function’ were administered to 767 students in a junior level General Physiology course and to 573 students in a sophomore level Human Anatomy and Physiology course at a large southeastern public university. Student responses were first human scored and then scored by using lexical analysis and machine scoring. Students were interviewed to examine their familiarity with levels of organization and to confirm their interpretation of the questions. Students demonstrated more conceptual understanding of four of the structure-function concepts when answering the understand questions and more conceptual understanding of two structure-function concepts when answering the apply questions. The question prompts provided a different context which may have influenced student explanations. There was no difference in conceptual understanding of the structure-function relationship with and without the use of a guiding context in the wording of the question prompt. For question sequence, students performed better on the last questions in the sequence, regardless of whether the last question was easier or more difficult. Instructors should provide students with questions in varying contexts and cognitive levels will allow students to demonstrate their heterogeneous ideas about a concept.
Books on the topic "Student assessment structures"
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Jones, Ian R. Increasing student numbers in a small sixth form and assessment of alternative structures. London: North East London Polytechnic, 1986.
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Borri, Claudio, and Claudio Mannini, eds. Aeroelastic Phenomena and Pedestrian-Structure Dynamic Interaction on Non-Conventional Bridges and Footbridges. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-202-8.
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Fluid-structure and pedestrian-structure interaction phenomena are extremely important for non-conventional bridges. The results presented in this volume concern: simplified formulas for flutter assessment; innovative structural solutions to increase the aeroelastic stability of long-span bridges; numerical simulations of the flow around a benchmark rectangular cylinder; examples of designs of large structures assisted by wind-tunnel tests; analytical, computational and experimental investigation of the synchronisation mechanisms between pedestrians and footbridge structures. The present book is addressed to a wide audience including professionals, doctoral students and researchers, aiming to increase their know-how in the field of wind engineering, bluff-body aerodynamics and bridge dynamics.
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Structured groups for non-traditional college students: Non-cognitive assessment and strategies. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2008.
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Groshev, Igor', and Evgeniy Korchagin. Tourism for the elderly. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027444.
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The monograph proposes a methodology of new marketing, structural and economic-management approaches for tourism organizations in the modern conjuncture of tourism for the elderly. Approaches that take into account the consumer behavior of older people and other age groups, retired, proposed in this paper, can be more effectively used to involve these categories in tourism.
The aging of the population and demographic changes in the structure of consumers of tourist products require Russian travel companies to optimize their approaches and strategies, rebuild the tourism infrastructure to organize the supply of products in demand in the world tourism market that meet the needs of older people. The assessment of relevance of tourist products and their elements to requirements of elderly tourists is presented.
It is intended for teachers, postgraduates and students of higher educational institutions, specialists in the organization of tourist activities, heads of travel agencies, researchers and all those who are interested in the development of tourism activities.
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Luk'yanov, Anatoliy. Technical mechanics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1078230.
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The textbook outlines the theoretical foundations and methods of calculations for the strength, rigidity and stability of structural elements of railway transport. Concepts, definitions and background information are given to the extent necessary to prepare students for work on course assignments. Along with the classical methods of strength assessment, the basic concepts of fracture mechanics are given. It is characterized by a thorough presentation of theoretical material and a detailed solution of examples.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for full-time and part-time students receiving education in specialties related to railway transport.
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Freyman, Ekaterina, and Elena Tret'yakova. Transaction sector of the region and its impact on the economy of constituent entities of the Russian Federation: structural-functional approach. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027398.
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In the monograph the authors substantiate the expediency of application of the structural-functional approach to the assessment of the transaction sector in the economy of the region describes its structure and functions as a subsystem of the regional economy, the model developed a methodology for assessing the impact of transaction sector for the regional economy in the context of its fields and functions, the possibility of their application to conduct inter-regional comparisons. A comparative analysis of the functioning of the transaction sector of the Perm region and regions considered as its competitors. Developed the organizational-economic mechanism of management of transaction sector of the economy of the region.
The monograph is addressed to a wide circle of readers: students and teachers of universities, scientists and practical workers. The proposed technique and the mechanism of management of transaction sector of the region can be used by authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the development and adjustment strategies and programs for socio-economic development of the region, educational institutions of higher and further education in the educational process, scientific-research organizations in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the management of the transaction sector of the economy of a particular region.
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Zhukov, Aleksey, Ekaterina Bobrova, Igor' Bessonov, and Elizaveta Mednikova. Energy efficiency of building systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1856852.
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The monograph summarizes and systematizes the results of experimental and theoretical studies of thermal insulation systems of building structures, technological facilities, transport facilities, and cold preservation.
The criterion for the effectiveness of system insulation solutions is energy efficiency as a criterion for a comprehensive assessment, including both taking into account the direct reduction of energy costs during the operation of insulation shells, and the costs of installation, maintenance of structures in working condition, evaluation of the operational resistance of materials and durability of system solutions as a whole.
Modern types of thermal insulation materials based on gas-filled plastics, foamed glass, foamed rubber and products based on mineral fibers are considered: stone wool, glass wool and glass fiber, basalt fiber.
It is intended for researchers, specialists in the field of materials science, technologists — developers of new types of thermal insulation materials and constructors, designing products from them, as well as for teachers and university students. It can be useful for a wide range of people interested in construction and energy saving problems.
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Karagodin, Valeriy. Organization of the investigator's work. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860936.
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The monograph is devoted to the organization of the investigator's own work. After analyzing the concept and structure of this line of investigative activity, practical recommendations for its implementation are offered. Serious attention is paid to the preparatory stage of labor organization, covering the assessment of the organizational and managerial situation, the design of the order of performance of official duties.
Some aspects of the main stage, which consists in the implementation of the investigator's chosen model of labor organization, are also investigated. Recommendations are given taking into account the level of professional qualification of the investigator and the conditions of typical organizational and managerial situations.
For employees of investigative agencies. It can be useful to students and teachers of law schools and institutions of secondary vocational education.
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Naumov, Vladimir. Markets information and communication technology and sales organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21026.
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In the textbook sets out the basic information about the structure of markets, information and communication technologies (ICT), the methods of their research, assessing the attractiveness and forecasting, criteria and methods of segmentation. Deals with the organization of the sales Department of an IT company, involving analysis of organizational forms, population division, methods of remuneration and non-material incentives for experts dealing with sales of ICT products. Sets out the methodology for strategic sales of complex IT solutions, the technique of negotiation and the basics of neurolinguistic programming.
The textbook pays attention to the peculiarities of the sales and promotion of ICT products through the Internet, the possibilities of the use of CRM systems. The principles of the organization of partnerships with clients. This methodical approaches to the assessment of the efficiency of the sales Department of an IT company and its sales staff. Discusses the economic evaluation of the project implementation in selling IT solutions.
The textbook is prepared in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students enrolled in training 38.03.05 "Business-Informatics", but it can be useful to students from other disciplines and practitioners working in the field of information and communication technologies.
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BEREZhNOY, Aleksandr, Svetlana DUNAEVSKAYa, and Yuriy VINNIK. Prognosis of postoperative course of urolithiasis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863093.
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The monograph devoted to the study of urolithiasis consistently highlights the issues of etiology, classification, diagnosis and modern principles of treatment of urolithiasis. The problems of postoperative complications in surgery and urology are considered as a separate issue, data on original methods for predicting the development of hemorrhagic or inflammatory complications in the postoperative period with urolithiasis are presented. Special attention is paid to the issues of nonspecific immune protection, immune status indicators and hemostasis system in the development of complications in the postoperative period. The section of assessment of the structural and functional state of lymphocytes in the development of complications in the postoperative period by assessing the blebbing of the plasma membrane of the cell is presented.
It is intended for urologists, general surgeons, residents studying in the specialty "Urology". It can be useful for doctors of other specialties and senior students of higher medical educational institutions.
Book chapters on the topic "Student assessment structures"
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Heggart, Keith. "Responsive Online Course Design: Microcredentials and Non-Linear Pathways in Higher Education." In Global Perspectives on Educational Innovations for Emergency Situations, 295–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_29.
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AbstractCOVID-19 required educators to rapidly change their course programs and structures. Many courses in higher education moved from face to face or blended models to entirely online approaches, and educators were required to grapple with new technologies and, more importantly, new pedagogies to engage students through novel mediums. One key aspect of these emergency pedagogies is the need to embrace responsive approaches to teaching and learning, especially considering program and course structure, assessment and participation. This chapter will outline the pandemic-motivated development of the Graduate Certificate in Learning Design at UTS that made use of both the principles of a Hyflex approach within individual courses as well as microcredentialling and non-linear pathways within the program structure to encourage a self-curated, student directed learning experience. A crucial outcome of this approach is that such a model of course and program structure fits well with the principles of socially-just learning design. Students have more control over what they learn, but also how and where they learn it. This means that the course is more accessible and inclusive of diverse communities.
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Schneider, Wolfgang, Klaus Lingel, Cordula Artelt, and Nora Neuenhaus. "Metacognitive Knowledge in Secondary School Students: Assessment, Structure, and Developmental Change." In Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, 285–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50030-0_17.
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Fabbricatore, Rosa, and Francesco Palumbo. "Clustering students according to their proficiency: a comparison between different approaches based on item response theory models." In Proceedings e report, 43–48. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.09.
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Evaluating learners' competencies is a crucial concern in education, and home and classroom structured tests represent an effective assessment tool. Structured tests consist of sets of items that can refer to several abilities or more than one topic. Several statistical approaches allow evaluating students considering the items in a multidimensional way, accounting for their structure. According to the evaluation's ending aim, the assessment process assigns a final grade to each student or clusters students in homogeneous groups according to their level of mastery and ability. The latter represents a helpful tool for developing tailored recommendations and remediations for each group. At this aim, latent class models represent a reference. In the item response theory (IRT) paradigm, the multidimensional latent class IRT models, releasing both the traditional constraints of unidimensionality and continuous nature of the latent trait, allow to detect sub-populations of homogeneous students according to their proficiency level also accounting for the multidimensional nature of their ability. Moreover, the semi-parametric formulation leads to several advantages in practice: It avoids normality assumptions that may not hold and reduces the computation demanding. This study compares the results of the multidimensional latent class IRT models with those obtained by a two-step procedure, which consists of firstly modeling a multidimensional IRT model to estimate students' ability and then applying a clustering algorithm to classify students accordingly. Regarding the latter, parametric and non-parametric approaches were considered. Data refer to the admission test for the degree course in psychology exploited in 2014 at the University of Naples Federico II. Students involved were N=944, and their ability dimensions were defined according to the domains assessed by the entrance exam, namely Humanities, Reading and Comprehension, Mathematics, Science, and English. In particular, a multidimensional two-parameter logistic IRT model for dichotomously-scored items was considered for students' ability estimation.
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Edelsack, Pyser S., Talha Khan, and Jack Geiger. "Teaching Population Health and Community Health Assessment to Undergraduate Medical Students." In Structural Competency in Mental Health and Medicine, 87–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10525-9_7.
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Moffat, David C., and Olga A. Shabalina. "Structures, Frameworks and Assessments for Student Exercises for Creative Thinking in Design." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 711–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65551-2_51.
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Vollstedt, Maike, and Christoph Duchhardt. "Assessment and Structure of Secondary Students’ Personal Meaning Related to Mathematics." In ICME-13 Monographs, 137–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13761-8_7.
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Frehner, Marcel. "Self- and Peer-Evaluation of Individual Project Work: An Innovative Course Assessment Method to Increase Student Motivation." In Teaching Methodologies in Structural Geology and Tectonics, 5–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2781-0_2.
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Delcker, Jan, and Dirk Ifenthaler. "Distance Learning and the Influence of Schools’ Organizational Characteristics on the Students Perceived Learning Success." In Global Perspectives on Educational Innovations for Emergency Situations, 241–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_24.
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AbstractThe project Check-up Distance Learning pursues the goal of developing a tool for school leaders to help them identify strengths and challenges of distance learning processes at their schools. The fast provision of an evaluation tool was imminent when school leaders were forced to make ad-hoc decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the relationship between the organizational structure (flow and accessibility of information, rules for digital tools, regulations for assessment) and students’ learner success (perceived motivation, perceived ease of learning, task achievement) is analyzed based on data collected from N = 3872 stakeholders at German vocational schools. Hierarchical linear modelling shows small effects for eight items characterizing a school’s organizational structure, underlining the importance of school leaders’ managerial decisions during times of crisis.
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Makeeva, Elena, Julia Lopukhova, and Ekaterina Gorlova. "Work in Progress: Designing an Academical Online Course for Technical Students: Structure, Content, Assessment." In Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions, 682–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68198-2_63.
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Nulty, Zoe, and Shelley G. West. "Student Engagement and Supporting Students With Accommodations." In Redefining Teacher Education and Teacher Preparation Programs in the Post-COVID-19 Era, 99–116. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8298-5.ch006.
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Student engagement and embracing students with accommodations have long been at the forefront of developing future teachers. Assessing the effects of COVID-19 and the long-term implications shifted the overall perception of how the world is redefining teacher education programs and preparing teachers to move forward. One could presume the impact of COVID-19 will be discussed in history classes forever as the pandemic reconfigured learning styles, structures, and supports. Student engagement and supporting students with accommodations explore multiple modalities for best practices in the classroom and encourage students with disabilities and learning differences to be successful. The authors examine best practices for in-person, hybrid, and remote learning environments: Bloom's taxonomy, universal design for learning, and formative assessment. The chapter provides examples of each resource and delves into classroom engagement and accommodations.
Conference papers on the topic "Student assessment structures"
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Lehrer, Richard. "Keynote: Accountable assessment." In Research Conference 2021: Excellent progress for every student. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-638-3_9.
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There is widespread agreement about the importance of accounting for the extent to which educational systems advance student learning. Yet, the forms and formats of accountable assessments often ill serve students and teachers; the summative judgements of student performance that are typically employed to indicate proficiencies on benchmarks of student learning commonly fail to capture student performance in ways that are specific and actionable for teachers. Timing is another key barrier to the utility of summative assessment. In the US, summative evaluations occur at the end of the school year and may serve future students, but do not help teachers better support the students who were tested. In contrast, formative assessments provide actionable grounds to improve the quality of instruction on the basis of both the granularity and specificity of their content and their timing. Unfortunately, the psychometric qualities of formative assessments are often unknown. I describe an innovative approach to assessment that aims to blend the productive characteristics of both summative and formative assessment. The resulting assessment system is accountable to students and teachers by providing actionable information for improving classroom instruction, and at the same time, it addresses the demands of psychometric quality for purposes of system accountability as it is currently practiced (in the US). The innovative assessment system relies on partnership with teachers to generate (1) a shared conceptual frame for describing instructional goals and valued forms of teaching and learning; (2) a set of electronic tools to help teachers detect, share, analyse, and interpret student learning data; and (3) classroom and school-level community professional development structures to support and sustain a widespread practice of assessing to guide instruction. These features are coupled with new psychometric models, developed by the Berkeley Evaluation and Research Center, that provide more robust estimates of student learning by linking information from multiple sources, including student classroom work, student responses to formative assessments, and summative evaluations. (Mark Wilson will address the psychometric modeling during this conference.) Here I describe challenges and prospects for this innovation with a case study of its implementation in a K–5 elementary school that is seeking to improve the quality of instruction and students’ understandings of measure and rational number arithmetic.
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Student, Sanford. "Supporting the Interpretive Validity of Student-Level Claims in Science Assessment With Tiered Claim Structures." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1685619.
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Honnor, Thomas, Niloufar Abourashchi, and Matina Rassias. "Empowering Non-specialists to Interpret and Disseminate Statistics Through Structured Assessments." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t13a1.
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Assessment is an important tool for quantifying each student’s relative ability but when carefully designed can also be used to educate and empower students. Because the importance of statistical understanding is becoming increasingly recognised, there is a subsequent growth in non-specialist students taking statistics service courses. The assessments for such courses can define students’ personal course aims and level of engagement and set the tone for their future interactions with the subject. We have designed and implemented a modernised assessment pattern, with assessments structured to build upon each other and lead students from the foundations of probability to interpretation and communication of authentic statistical analyses. We discuss our experiences having implemented this new assessment pattern across three courses, totaling more than 600 students.
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Egenti, Grace, Justin Ikeokwu, and Bayonle Fadayomi. "Educational Development in Africa: Bridging disability Gap with Distance Learning for the Visually Impaired." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3346.
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It is a known fact that the era of the Covid19 pandemic has further exposed the concept and technology of distance learning as more and more people are now interested in higher education through the distance learning mode. Distance learning courses are possibly an appropriate tool for mainstream students with impairments in education since they rely significantly on digital material and are technology-mediated. However, in the drive to move forward, most structures/systems are typically created without taking into cognizance the unique interface issues those students with disabilities are confronted with while using technology, especially the blind and the visually impaired. Hence, this paper is aimed at creating an enabling examination platform where this vulnerable group would be supported by providing a voice supported application, ODL Visually Impaired Assessment Bot for the blind and the visually impaired to write their examinations. This will further ensure equality and inclusive education in acquiring life-long learning through distance learning. Artificial intelligence technologies were used to develop a Robot that was used for the implementation of the Application. The Robot reads out the examination questions to the blind and visually impaired student and also listens to the student speak and thereafter captures and types out the answers of the student. It is against this backdrop that this paper is written to proffer a solution to the blind and the visually impaired students in Africa, especially, the National Open University of Nigeria. The significance of this ODL Visually Impaired Assessment Bot is aimed at building a sustainable educational system through the use of technology, thus eradicating limiting ideologies in Africa, like ‘those with disabilities cannot be educated and the rich only deserve quality education’. This application will create a level ground for all to access life-long quality education, through the open and distance mode. The visually impaired if given proper education cannot constitute any form of liability but an asset to themselves, their families and the society at large.
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Earley, Mark. "Comprehensive writing assessments in introductory statistics." In Assessing Student leaning in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.07602.
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Creating assessments for introductory statistics courses is not easy, particularly when the goal is to evaluate students’ conceptual understanding of statistical concepts. “Understanding” is difficult to measure, but we do know it involves more than just memorization of facts or blindly carrying out mechanical data analysis procedures. This paper presents a framework for developing an assessment system in introductory statistics culminating in a series of comprehensive writing assessments that evaluate students’ understandings of larger statistical concepts such as distribution and variability. The purpose of this paper is to help current and future instructors evaluate the assessment systems of their courses, where students are typically most concerned. I will discuss essays on two topics (distribution and variability) from my own introductory statistics course. In these essays, students reflect upon what they have learned, explain it to someone else, and generate examples to support their explanations. This discussion includes how I developed the assessment, how I incorporate it into the overall course structure, and student reactions to the assessment. Excerpts from over 300 student essays highlight (a) how the students reveal their conceptual understandings through writing, (b) common misunderstandings that emerge, and (c) ways I have adapted my course to better develop students’ understandings of these concepts.
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Geske, Andrejs, Rita Kiseļova, and Olga Pole. "Quality of Education in Latvian Municipalities and State Cities – Results of International Studies and State Examinations." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.58.
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In 2021 a new Law on Administrative Territories and Populated Areas came into force in the Republic of Latvia. To reduce fragmentation, the number of municipalities and State cities was reduced from 119 to 43. There were no changes in 11 local governments, however, other new structures were formed by merging two to eight local governments. On the one hand, these changes are creating new challenges in the education process and institution management, but on the other hand – larger local governments with larger numbers of schools and students opens up new opportunities. One of the opportunity is to make a more accurate assessment of student achievement, which characterizes the performance of a local government’s educational institutions. The aim of this article is to show that despite the great differences between local governments (e. g. population differences from 3 to 614 thousand) it is possible to assess the quality of education in local governments by using data from state examinations and international comparative education studies. Over the last few years Latvia has taken part in IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement), ICCS (International Civic and Citizenship Education Study), PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study), and TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), as well as in OECD PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). To obtain the results the data were used from all mentioned studies. This article was supported by European Social Fund project No. 8.3.6.2/17/I/001
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Dues, Joseph Francis. "Stress Analysis for Novices Using Autodesk Inventor." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14569.
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Finite element analysis (FEA) is a numerical method for calculating stress and strain (and other quantities) in structures that cannot be easily analyzed any other way. FEA analysts use complex software to create a mathematic representation of the physical structure being studied, apply loads to the structure and then solve for the resulting displacements and stresses. In years past, FEA was performed by highly trained analysts with master's level engineering degrees or higher. Today, the combination of competitive market pressures, powerful computer hardware and well designed software has resulted in CAD designers being asked to perform FEA early in the design process. To enable these designers to perform FEA analysis, solid modeling software vendors have incorporated FEA into their solid modeling and design drafting packages. Autodesk Inventor Professional 9 now includes FEA capability from ANSYS, Inc. Earlier versions of this software (without FEA) were used at this University to instruct students in solid modeling and design drafting. With new and ever expanding software capabilities, faculty had to determine how to prepare engineering technology students to use the software appropriately. This paper begins with a discussion of the implementation of FEA in Inventor and strategies for educating engineering technology students in FEA. Then it describes an assignment that demonstrates the stress analysis capability of Inventor after the students have mastered solid modeling. This paper discusses the assignment and compares the results achieved by the students to the expected stress values. Each of the steps of the FEA procedure is examined; define the geometry and material, apply constraints, apply loads, solve and then interpret the results; and the likely areas of student error are discussed. Lastly is a description of the assessment, evaluation and planned improvements to the FEA assignments.
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Campbell, Conor S., and Donald Mackenzie. "An FEA Investigation Into Ratchetting Induced Purely by Cyclic Thermal Loading." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28552.
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A detailed finite element investigation of the cyclic elastic-plastic response of three model structures subject to thermal and mechanical loading is presented within the context of ASME B&PV Code Section VIII Division 2 design requirements. The model structures are a thin tube subject to constant internal pressure and a cyclic through-thickness linear temperature gradient (the Bree problem), a three bar system subject to cyclic thermal loading only and an intermediate thickness tube subject to internal pressure and an axially moving cyclic temperature wave. Incremental elastic-plastic finite element analysis assuming an elastic-perfectly-plastic material model and small deformation theory is performed for each model structure and ratchet and shakedown boundaries determined by application of a bisection method. Results are compared with ASME VIII ratcheting assessment procedures. The results show that in the Bree problem ratcheting does not occur under thermal loading alone, as expected, however for the two other sample structures it is shown that ratchetting can occur under thermal loading for structures subject to specific deformation constraints. The lead author is an MS level student at the University of Strathclyde.
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Deshmukh, Anand P., Marlon E. Mitchell, and James T. Allison. "Integrating Model-Based Design and Physical Design Evaluation for Improved Design Education." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59299.
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This article presents the development, deployment, and assessment of a hands-on curriculum module for a senior-level course in component design at the Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In this course students learn how to design engineering systems using gears, bearings, springs, steel structures, and other components. The course has traditionally included a semester group project where students apply their component design knowledge to a realistic design application, helping to further solidify and integrate their design knowledge. In recent years the project has centered on the design of a trailing arm automotive suspension system with components that interact in complicated ways. Students are expected to follow a rigorous engineering design process and support their design decisions with thorough engineering analysis. Until recently this project was limited to virtual analyses and design solutions; the connection between these design solutions and physical realization was an obvious gap in the project experience. This project was revised to incorporate a targeted hands-on curriculum module, which was introduced in fall 2014. Objectives of this module include helping students gain experience with the ‘media’ of engineering design, and to help students connect analytical and simulation-based studies with the corresponding physical system. The implemented module is a two-part activity in which students design a suspension system using model-based design techniques (in Matlab), followed by physical testing and further analysis using a specially built physically reconfigurable suspension testbed. This testbed allows students to test unique designs rapidly, observe real-time dynamic system performance, and to analyze the difference between simulated and physical test results. Through this activity we gauge students’ attitudes towards traditional theoretical and paper-based design activities versus the hands-on module. We also work to answer the question: “to what extent does a project-based curriculum module influence student experiences and conceptual understanding of engineering design?” through systematic student surveys designed around this new hands-on curriculum module.
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Hans, Atharva, Ashish M. Chaudhari, Ilias Bilionis, and Jitesh H. Panchal. "Quantifying Individuals’ Theory-Based Knowledge Using Probabilistic Causal Graphs: A Bayesian Hierarchical Approach." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22613.
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Abstract Extracting an individual’s knowledge structure is a challenging task as it requires formalization of many concepts and their interrelationships. While there has been significant research on how to represent knowledge to support computational design tasks, there is limited understanding of the knowledge structures of human designers. This understanding is necessary for comprehension of cognitive tasks such as decision making and reasoning, and for improving educational programs. In this paper, we focus on quantifying theory-based causal knowledge, which is a specific type of knowledge held by human designers. We develop a probabilistic graph-based model for representing individuals’ concept-specific causal knowledge for a given theory. We propose a methodology based on probabilistic directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that uses logistic likelihood function for calculating the probability of a correct response. The approach involves a set of questions for gathering responses from 205 engineering students, and a hierarchical Bayesian approach for inferring individuals’ DAGs from the observed responses. We compare the proposed model to a baseline three-parameter logistic (3PL) model from the item response theory. The results suggest that the graph-based logistic model can estimate individual students’ knowledge graphs. Comparisons with the 3PL model indicate that knowledge assessment is more accurate when quantifying knowledge at the level of causal relations than quantifying it using a scalar ability parameter. The proposed model allows identification of parts of the curriculum that a student struggles with and parts they have already mastered which is essential for remediation.
Reports on the topic "Student assessment structures"
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Sappington, Jayne, Esther De León, Sara Schumacher, Kimberly Vardeman, Donell Callender, Marina Oliver, Hillary Veeder, and Laura Heinz. Library Impact Research Report: Educating and Empowering a Diverse Student Body: Supporting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Research through Library Collections. Association of Research Libraries, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.texastech2022.
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As part of ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative, a research team from the Texas Tech University (TTU) Libraries explored methods for assessing collections related to the study and research of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) topics and their discoverability by users. DEI studies have increased in prominence on academic campuses along with calls to question privilege and power structures, making DEI collections assessment critical. The TTU Libraries undertook a two-part project that surveyed user needs, collections usage, cataloging and discoverability, and user behavior in searching for and evaluating DEI resources. While the researchers were not able to identify an effective method for assessing DEI in large-scale collections, key findings indicate the potential for partnering with women’s and gender studies and Mexican American and Latino/a studies and the need for increased attention on cataloging and metadata, particularly table of contents and abstract/summary fields. The research team identified that many users expressed uncertainty in searching and evaluating DEI resources and expressed interest in search enhancements for better filtering and more prominent website presence for DEI research help.
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Groeneveld, Caspar, Elia Kibga, and Tom Kaye. Deploying an e-Learning Environment in Zanzibar: Feasibility Assessment. EdTech Hub, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0028.
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The Zanzibar Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) and the World Bank (the Bank) approached the EdTech Hub (the Hub) in April 2020 to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The Hub was requested to focus primarily on the deployment of a VLE in lower secondary education, and this report consequently focuses primarily on this group. The report is structured in four sections: An introduction to provide the background and guiding principles for the engagement with a short overview of the methodology applied. An analysis of the Zanzibar education system with a particular focus on elements relevant to deploying a VLE. This includes the status of ICT infrastructure, and a summary of the stakeholders who will play a role in using or implementing a VLE. A third section that discusses types of VLEs and content organisation, and their applicability to the Zanzibar ecosystem. A conclusion with recommendations for Zanzibar, including short- and long-term steps. In this collaboration with Zanzibar’s MoEVT, the Hub team sought to understand the purpose of the proposed VLE. Based on discussions and user scenarios, we identified two main education challenges a VLE may help to resolve. In the short term, students cannot go to school during the COVID-19 crisis, but need access to educational content. There is content, but no flexible and versatile platform to disseminate content to all students. In the long term, a mechanism to provide students with access to quality, curriculum-aligned content in school, or remotely, is required.
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Burri, Margaret, Joshua Everett, Heidi Herr, and Jessica Keyes. Library Impact Practice Brief: Freshman Fellows: Implementing and Assessing a First-Year Primary-Source Research Program. Association of Research Libraries, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/brief.jhu2021.
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This practice brief describes the assessment project undertaken by the Sheridan Libraries at Johns Hopkins University as part of the library’s participation in ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative to address the question “(How) do the library’s special collections specifically support and promote teaching, learning, and research?” The research team investigated how the Freshman Fellows experience impacted the fellows’ studies and co-curricular activities at the university. Freshmen Fellows, established in 2016, is a signature opportunity to expose students to primary-source collections early in their college career by pairing four fellows with four curators on individual research projects. The program graduated its first cohort of fellows in spring 2020. The brief includes a semi-structured interview guide, program guidelines, and a primary research rubric.
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Goncharenko, Tatiana, Nataliia Yermakova-Cherchenko, and Yelyzaveta Anedchenko. Experience in the Use of Mobile Technologies as a Physics Learning Method. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4468.
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Swift changes in society, related to sciences technicians’ development, technologies, by the increase of general volume of information, pull out new requirements for maintenance, structure, and quality of education. It requires teachers to diversify a tool in the direction of the increase in possibilities of the use of mobile technologies and computer systems. Lately in the world, more attention spared to the use of mobile learning, which in obedience to «Recommendations of UNESCO on the questions of a policy in the area of mobile learning» foresees the use of mobile technology, both separate and together with other by informational computer technologies. [1]. Mobile learning allows using the open informational systems, global educational networks, unique digital resources which belong to different educational establishments and co-operate with each other. The use of existent educational resources and creation of own, based on the academic resources from informative space, allows to promote the interest of students to the study of physics, to take into account the individual features, and also features of region and framework of society of the country. During the last years in Ukraine competency-based approach to the organization of studies certainly one of basic. The new Education Act addresses the key competencies that every modern person needs for a successful life, including mathematical competence; competence in natural sciences, engineering, and technology; innovation; information and communication competence [2]. This further emphasizes the importance of providing students with quality physical education and the problems associated with it. Using mobile technology in professional teaching work, the teacher has the opportunity to implement the basic principles of the competence approach in teaching physics. An analysis of the data provided in the official reports of the Ukrainian Center for Educational Quality Assessment showed that the number of students making an external independent assessment in physics and choosing a future profession related to physics has decreased significantly. This is due to the loss of students' interest in physics and the complexity of the content of the subject, as well as the increase in the amount of information that students need to absorb. In this article, we explore the possibilities of mobile technology as a means of teaching physics students and give our own experience of using mobile technology in the process of teaching physics (for example, the optics section in primary school).
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Pedersen, Gjertrud. Symphonies Reframed. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.481294.
Full textAbstract:
Symphonies Reframed recreates symphonies as chamber music. The project aims to capture the features that are unique for chamber music, at the juncture between the “soloistic small” and the “orchestral large”. A new ensemble model, the “triharmonic ensemble” with 7-9 musicians, has been created to serve this purpose. By choosing this size range, we are looking to facilitate group interplay without the need of a conductor. We also want to facilitate a richness of sound colours by involving piano, strings and winds. The exact combination of instruments is chosen in accordance with the features of the original score. The ensemble setup may take two forms: nonet with piano, wind quartet and string quartet (with double bass) or septet with piano, wind trio and string trio. As a group, these instruments have a rich tonal range with continuous and partly overlapping registers. This paper will illuminate three core questions: What artistic features emerge when changing from large orchestral structures to mid-sized chamber groups? How do the performers reflect on their musical roles in the chamber ensemble? What educational value might the reframing unfold? Since its inception in 2014, the project has evolved to include works with vocal, choral and soloistic parts, as well as sonata literature. Ensembles of students and professors have rehearsed, interpreted and performed our transcriptions of works by Brahms, Schumann and Mozart. We have also carried out interviews and critical discussions with the students, on their experiences of the concrete projects and on their reflections on own learning processes in general. Chamber ensembles and orchestras are exponents of different original repertoire. The difference in artistic output thus hinges upon both ensemble structure and the composition at hand. Symphonies Reframed seeks to enable an assessment of the qualities that are specific to the performing corpus and not beholden to any particular piece of music. Our transcriptions have enabled comparisons and reflections, using original compositions as a reference point. Some of our ensemble musicians have had first-hand experience with performing the original works as well. Others have encountered the works for the first time through our productions. This has enabled a multi-angled approach to the three central themes of our research. This text is produced in 2018.
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Schipper, Youdi, Isaac Mbiti, and Mauricio Romero. Designing and Testing a Scalable Teacher Incentive Programme in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/044.
Full textAbstract:
School participation in Tanzania has increased dramatically over the past two decades: primary school enrolment increased from 4.9 million in 2001 to 10.9 million in 2020. While 81 percent of primary-school-age children are currently enrolled, over the last ten years, the primary completion rate has dropped and remains below 70 percent since 2015 (data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics).1 Despite improvements in enrolment, indicators of foundational learning remain low. According to the 2020 report of the Standard Two National Assessment (STNA), conducted by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA), in 2019 five percent of Grade 2 students pass the benchmark for reading proficiency (“Can correctly read exactly 50 words of the passage in one minute and with 80 percent or higher comprehension”). The report finds that 17 percent of students pass the benchmark (80 percent correct) of the addition and subtraction sub-tasks. These outcomes are not the result of students’ lack of academic aspiration: according to the RISE Tanzania baseline survey, 73 percent of Grade 2 and 3 students say they would like to complete secondary school or university. In a recent report, the Global Education Evidence Advisory Panel (World Bank, 2020) asked what programmes and policies are the most cost-effective instruments for addressing the learning crisis and improving learning for all children. The report creates three categories: the “great buys” category includes programmes that provide very low-cost but salient information on the benefits, costs, and quality of education. The “good buys” category includes programmes that provide structured pedagogy, instruction targeted by learning level, merit-based scholarships and pre-school interventions. Finally, the category “promising but low-evidence” includes teacher accountability and incentive reforms. KiuFunza, a teacher performance pay programme in Tanzania, fits this last category. KiuFunza (shorthand for Kiu ya Kujifunza or Thirst to Learn) provides test-score linked cash incentives to teachers in Grades 1, 2, and 3 to increase foundational literacy and numeracy outcomes for students. The programme is managed by Twaweza East Africa, a Civil Society Organization, and was set up to provide evidence on the impact of teacher incentives in a series of experimental evaluations. This note discusses the rationale for teacher incentives in Tanzania, the design elements of KiuFunza and preliminary results for the most recent phase of KiuFunza (this phase was implemented in 2019-2021 and the impact evaluation is part of the RISE Tanzania research agenda).
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Tsidylo, Ivan M., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Tetiana I. Gargula, Hanna V. Solonetska, Yaroslav P. Zamora, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Simulation of intellectual system for evaluation of multilevel test tasks on the basis of fuzzy logic. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4370.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the stages of modeling an intelligent system for evaluating multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic in the MATLAB application package, namely the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The analysis of existing approaches to fuzzy assessment of test methods, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The considered methods for assessing students are presented in the general case by two methods: using fuzzy sets and corresponding membership functions; fuzzy estimation method and generalized fuzzy estimation method. In the present work, the Sugeno production model is used as the closest to the natural language. This closeness allows for closer interaction with a subject area expert and build well-understood, easily interpreted inference systems. The structure of a fuzzy system, functions and mechanisms of model building are described. The system is presented in the form of a block diagram of fuzzy logical nodes and consists of four input variables, corresponding to the levels of knowledge assimilation and one initial one. The surface of the response of a fuzzy system reflects the dependence of the final grade on the level of difficulty of the task and the degree of correctness of the task. The structure and functions of the fuzzy system are indicated. The modeled in this way intelligent system for assessing multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic makes it possible to take into account the fuzzy characteristics of the test: the level of difficulty of the task, which can be assessed as “easy”, “average", “above average”, “difficult”; the degree of correctness of the task, which can be assessed as “correct”, “partially correct”, “rather correct”, “incorrect”; time allotted for the execution of a test task or test, which can be assessed as “short”, “medium”, “long”, “very long”; the percentage of correctly completed tasks, which can be assessed as “small”, “medium”, “large”, “very large”; the final mark for the test, which can be assessed as “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, “excellent”, which are included in the assessment. This approach ensures the maximum consideration of answers to questions of all levels of complexity by formulating a base of inference rules and selection of weighting coefficients when deriving the final estimate. The robustness of the system is achieved by using Gaussian membership functions. The testing of the controller on the test sample brings the functional suitability of the developed model.