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Academic literature on the topic 'Stubble plough'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stubble plough"
1
Bateman, RJ, and SR Walker. "Effect of stubble cover on the efficacy of some soil-incorporated herbicides." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850927.
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Three field experiments were conducted near Kingaroy in south-eastern Queensland to determine the effect of sorghum stubble on the efficacy of the pre-plant, soil-incorporated herbicides pendimethalin, trifluralin and vernolate. Herbicides were applied to three stubble ranges (1 1 to 36% cover) in experiment 1, to stubble levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% cover in experiment 2, and approximately 0, 25 and 50% in experiment 3. In experiment 3 the effectiveness of incorporation with stubble mulch machinery consisting of chisel plough with attached rod weeder was compared with that achieved by conventional incorporation methods of coronet tines with mounted harrows and offset discs followed by tines and harrows. Treatment effects were examined by analysis of variance and by linear correlations between stubble cover and herbicide efficacy. Good to excellent weed control was achieved by all herbicides at stubble levels up to 50% cover with incorporation by stubble mulch machinery. Trifluralin efficacy was aided by stubble cover in one experiment. Incorporation by stubble mulch machinery was at least as effective as conventional methods.
2
Gibson, G., BJ Radford, and RGH Nielsen. "Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 4 (1992): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920473.
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The effects of tillage frequency (conventional, reduced and zero), primary tillage implement (disc, blade and chisel plough), stubble management (retention and removal), gypsum application, and paraplowing were examined with respect to soil water storage, soil nitrate accumulation, crop establishment, crop growth, grain yield and grain nitrogen content for 4 successive sorghum crops on a sodic, texture-contrast soil in south west Queensland. Retention of sorghum stubble (v. removal) produced an increase in mean yield of sorghum grain of 393 kg/ha, due to increased soil water extraction and increased water use efficiency by the following crop. The highest mean yield occurred after reduced blade tillage with stubble retained. Zero tillage with stubble removed gave the lowest mean grain yield. Zero tillage always had the lowest quantity of soil nitrate-nitrogen at sowing. In one fallow, increased aggressiveness of primary tillage (disc v. blade plough) increased the quantity of nitrate-nitrogen in the top 60 cm of soil at sowing. These effects on available soil nitrogen did not result in corresponding differences in grain nitrogen content. Results indicate that for optimum fallow management on this texture-contrast soil in south west Queensland, sorghum residues should be retained, tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zero, blade ploughing should be preferred to discing, and gypsum application should not be practised.
3
Virto, Iñigo, Maria José Imaz, Alberto Enrique, Willem Hoogmoed, and Paloma Bescansa. "Burning crop residues under no-till in semi-arid land, Northern Spain—effects on soil organic matter, aggregation, and earthworm populations." Soil Research 45, no. 6 (2007): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07021.
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Stubble burning has traditionally been used in semi-arid land for pest and weed control, and to remove the excess of crop residues before seeding in no-tillage systems. We compared differences in soil properties in a long-term (10 years) tillage trial on a carbonated soil in semi-arid north-east Spain under no-tillage with stubble returned and stubble burnt, with the conventional tillage system (mouldboard plough, stubble returned) as a reference. Differences in total soil organic C and C in particulate organic matter, mineralisation potential, soil physical properties (bulk density, penetration resistance, and aggregate size distribution and stability), and earthworm populations were quantified. The effect of stubble burning was absent or insignificant compared with that of tillage in most of the parameters studied. The most significant effect of stubble burning was the change in soil organic matter quality in the topsoil and penetration resistance. No-till plus stubble burning stocked an amount of organic C in the soil similar to no-till without burning, but the particulate organic matter content and mineralisation potential were smaller. Earthworm activity was similar under the 2 no-till systems, although a trend towards bigger earthworms with increasing penetration resistance was observed under the system with burning. Our results indicate that the role of burnt plant residues and earthworms in organic matter accumulation and soil aggregation in Mediterranean carbonated soils under no tillage is of major importance, meriting further attention and research.
4
Marley, JM, and JW Littler. "Winter cereal production on the Darling Downs dash a comparison of reduced tillage practices." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 1 (1990): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900083.
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Five experiments, 1 of which was continued over 3 years on the same site, were established on non-sloping Darling Downs cracking clays to compare conventional, reduced and zero tillage systems of fallowing for annual wheat production. Average values for soil water storage efficiency (percentage of fallow rainfall stored) were 14.0% for stubble burnt and conventional cultivation with tined implements (TI); 19.8% for stubble retained and conventional cultivation with tined implements (T2); 25.3% for stubble retained and zero tillage with chemical control of fallow weed growth (T3); 21.1% for stubble retained with no tillage but chemical weed control until early March, followed by cultivations with tined implements until sowing (T4); and 21.1% for stubble retained and fallow cultivations with a sweep plough (T6). Nitrogen mineralisation during fallow periods was measured over 3 seasons at the final site. No major treatment differences occurred. A small mean grain yield advantage of 4.6% to T3 over T1 was established in those seasons when improved fallow water storage was obtained with T3. The lack of yield improvement by reduced tillage treatments (T4, T5 and T6) over T1 is attributed largely to above-average crop period rainfall in those seasons when the treatments had resulted in improved presowing water.
5
Swan, L. J., D. Backhouse, and L. W. Burgess. "Surface soil moisture and stubble management practice effects on the progress of infection of wheat by Fusarium pseudograminearum." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99106.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of surface soil moisture and stubble management practices on the progress of infection of wheat by Fusarium pseudograminearum, the cause of crown rot, was assessed in a field trial at Moree in northern New South Wales during the growing seasons of 1994, 1995 and 1996 by analysis of infection progress curves. During the dry season of 1994, wheat was sown into dry surface soil. Increases in incidence of infection followed rainfall events that raised the water content of the surface soil above the equivalent of a water potential of –1.5 MPa. The rate of increase in incidence of infection was more uniform in the 1995 and 1996 seasons, which had more regular rainfall. The area under the infection progress curve (AUIPC) was consistently greater when stubble was retained on the surface compared with incorporation with a disc plough, and this difference was significant in 2 out of 3 years. Comparison of AUIPCs indicated greater epidemiological differences between stubble management treatments than did comparisons of incidence of infection at single points during the season.
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Kraska, Piotr, and Elżbieta Mielniczuk. "The occurrence of fungi on the stem base and roots of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on tillage systems and catch crops." Acta Agrobotanica 65, no. 1 (2012): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.046.
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The present study was carried out in the period 2006-2008 based on an experiment established in 2005. The study evaluated the effect of conservation and plough tillage as well as of four catch crops on the level of infection by fungal pathogens of the stem base and roots of the spring wheat cultivar ‘Zebra’ grown in monoculture. The species composition of fungi colonizing the stem base and roots of spring wheat was determined. The split-plot design of the experiment set up on rendzina soil included plough tillage and conservation tillage with autumn and spring disking of catch crops. The experiment used four methods for regeneration of the spring wheat monoculture stand using the following: undersown red clover and Westerwolds ryegrass crops as well as lacy phacelia and white mustard stubble crops. Plots without catch crops were the control treatment. Red clover and Westerwolds ryegrass catch crops as well as lacy phacelia and white mustard stubble crops had a significant effect on the decrease in the stem base and root infection index of spring wheat compared to the control without catch crops. The disease indices in the tillage treatments under evaluation did not differ significantly from one another. The stem base and roots of spring wheat were most frequently infected by fungi of the genus <i>Fusarium</i>, with <i>F. culmorum</i> being the dominant pathogen of cereals. Compared to conservation tillage, in plough tillage the pathogenic fungus <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> was not found to occur on the stem base and roots. The Westerwolds ryegrass catch crop promoted the occurrence of <i>F. culmorum</i>, both on the stem base and roots of spring wheat.
7
Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Aivars Aboltins, Hristo Beloev, Volodymyr Nadykto, Volodymyr Kyurchev, Valerii Adamchuk, and Viktor Kaminskiy. "Experimental Investigation of Plow-Chopping Unit." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010030.
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The article presents research results of a machine-tractor unit that performs two technological operations simultaneously: (i) chopping plant residues (sunflower stubble); (ii) covering the chopped stubble with the soil. The first operation is carried out with a front-mounted plant residues chopper, and the second one is carried out with a rear-mounted plough. The chopper’s working devices are rotated by the tractor’s front power take-off (PTO), which has two operating modes: 540 and 1000 rpm. It was determined that to reduce the dynamic load in the drive of the chopper’s plant residues working devices, to chop these residues qualitatively, and then to cover them with the soil, the tractor’s front PTO should be adjusted to a speed of 1000 rpm. With this mode of the chopper’s working device’s rotation, the difference in its vertical vibrations’ dispersion and the tractor front axle’s oscillations is insignificant. The variance of the plowing depth vibrations (1.44 cm2), changing aperiodically in the frequency range of 0–2.5 Hz, is not accidentally less than the variance of irregularities vibrations of the longitudinal field profile (2.75 cm2). The plough draft resistant oscillations of the plow-chopping unit had the least impaction at the plowing depth oscillations. The proof of this is the small value of the cross correlation function; for such oscillating processes as ‘plough draft resistance—plowing depth’, it was equal to 0.22, which is 3.4 times less than for oscillating processes ‘surface’s longitudinal profile—plowing depth’. The number of chopped particles less than 15 cm in length increased by 1.5 times, and the number of particles longer than 30 cm decreased by 3 times. With the complete incorporation of plant residues into the soil, their non-chopped part did not exceed 1%.
8
Kraska, Piotr. "The effect of soil extracts from a monoculture of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different tillage systems on the germination of its seeds." Acta Agrobotanica 64, no. 1 (2012): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2011.010.
Full textAbstract:
The present experiment was carried out in the period 2006-2008. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aqueous soil extracts from the soil of a spring wheat monoculture on seed germination energy and capacity, the length of the first leaf and of the longest radicle as well as the number of radicles. Moreover, the content of 0-dihydroxyphenols in the soil was compared in the last year of the study. The soil used to prepare the solutions came from a field experiment established on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil. Spring wheat, cv. Zebra, was grown using plough tillage and two conservation tillage methods in the presence of undersown crops (red clover, Westerwolds ryegrass) and stubble crops (lacy phacelia, white mustard). Germination energy of the seeds watered with the soil extracts from the ploughed plots was significantly higher than this trait in the seeds watered with the extracts from the conservation tillage treatments with spring disking of the catch crops. Germination energy and capacity of spring wheat in the control treatment watered with distilled water were significantly higher compared to the other treatments under evaluation. Spring wheat watered with the aqueous extract prepared from the soil obtained from the plough tillage treatment produced a significantly longer first leaf compared to the treatments in which both conservation tillage methods had been used. The shortest leaf and the lowest number of radicles were produced by the seedlings watered with the soil extract from the treatment with the white clover stubble crop. Radicle length was not significantly differentiated by the soil extracts under consideration. The content of 0-dihydroxyphenols in the rendzina soil determined during the spring period was higher than that determined in the autumn. The content of 0-dihydroxyphenols in the soil was lower in the conservation tillage treatments with autumn incorporation of the catch crops than in the plots in which plough tillage and conservation tillage with spring disking of the catch crops had been used. The type of catch crop used did not have a significant effect on the soil content of these compounds. At the same time, it was found that the treatments in which the catch crops had been sown tended to have higher contents of these compounds compared to the plots without catch crops.
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PALA, M., J. RYAN, J. DIEKMANN, and M. SINGH. "BARLEY AND VETCH YIELDS FROM DRYLAND ROTATIONS WITH VARYING TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 4 (October 2008): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006960.
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SUMMARYWith increasing land-use pressure in semi-arid, dryland Middle Eastern agriculture, fallow-based cereal production has given way to cropping intensification, including legume-based rotations along with conservation tillage and on-farm straw disposal. Such agronomic developments can only be biologically and economically assessed in multi-year trials. Thus, this 10-year study examined the influence of tillage systems (conventional and shallow or conservation) and variable stubble management, including compost application, on yields of barley and vetch grown in rotation. Barley yielded higher with compost applied every two or four years than with burning or soil-incorporating the straw and stubble. Barley straw and grain yields were generally higher with the mouldboard plough. Similarly with vetch, treatments involving compost application yielded significantly higher than burning or incorporating the straw and stubble. Despite yearly differences between crop yields, the pattern of treatment differences was consistent. Thus, the cereal–vetch rotation system is sustainable, while excess straw could be used as compost with benefit to the crop. Though there was no clear advantage of the shallow conservation-type tillage, the energy costs are less, thus indicating its possible advantage over conventional deep tillage in such rotational cropping systems
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Burgess, LW, D. Backhouse, BA Summerell, AB Pattison, TA Klein, RJ Esdaile, and G. Ticehurst. "Long-term effects of stubble management on the incidence of infection of wheat by Fusarium graminearum Schw. Group 1." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930451.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of 3 stubble management regimes (burning after harvest, incorporation with a disc plough, retention on the surface) on the incidence of infection of wheat with Fusarium graminearum Schw. Group 1 was studied for 5 seasons at 2 sites at Moree, New South Wales. One site had high initial incidence (site A) and the other low initial incidence (site B). There were no differences in incidence of infection between retained and incorporated treatments. Stubble burning reduced the increase in incidence of infection in 2 of 5 years at site A and 3 of 4 years at site B. Failure of control in other years was attributed to susceptible weed hosts and poor burns. When stubble was retained on the plots at site B that had been burnt, incidence of infection in the next season increased to a level not significantly different from the retained or incorporated treatments. Incidence of infection at the fourth consecutive wheat crop at both sites was close to the maximum recorded, which was 92% at site A and 65% at site B. There was no evidence of a decline in incidence by the time of the most recent season assessed (eighth year of continuous wheat cultivation at site A, and sixth year at site B). In most years, the differences in yield between treatments were not significant.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stubble plough"
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Smola, Tomáš. "Analýza konstrukčních uzlů diskového podmítače." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444895.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse loading forces which impact on the frame of the disk plough-harrow during the real operation, suggestion and assembling of the measuring system for measuring of real loading. On the basis of this measuring to accomplish structural deformational tensor analysis of the frames load-bearing’s machine. In the introduction is shortly described using of the disk plough-harrow in modern agriculture. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the suggestion of the measuring system and loading measuring under real working conditions. The second part is focused on deformational tensor analysis of the frames load-bearing’s machine through the method of final elements. In conclusion it follows the evaluation of gained pieces of knowledge.
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BARTUŠEK, Marek. "Využití moderních podmítacích strojů při minimálním zpracování půdy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137001.
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The aim of this thesis is to broaden knowledge about the possibilities of using modern stubble plough with minimum tillage in agricultural production. In order to evaluate the work of selected indicators stubble machines was based small ? plot experiments at selected station. The experiment was evaluated lumps, depth of tillage and crop residue incorporation of selected machines. Further economic evaluaiton was carried out operating costs of used machines. The use of machines were evaluated according to the results obtained reccomended in agricultural practice.