Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structuring model'
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1
Huang, GongWen 1948. "Computer aided model structuring in system design." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276903.
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As a CAD tool, the Computer Aided Model Structuring System (call MOSTS in the following text) for model structuring in system design and system simulation has been designed and implemented. First, this MOSTS allows system design experts to create and save System Data Bases (SDBs) for model structuring in system design and simulation. Then, these SDBs can be retrieved, modified, and finally used to structure system models by design engineers. The MOSTS pursues the model structuring process in such a way that the model structure having the best performance (according to the expert's knowledge and the design engineer's design criteria) will be generated first, and then the second best model, the third best model, and so on.
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Myers, Ruth Ann Whittig. "A conceptual model for structuring public school administrative salaries." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/487000.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate contemporary practices for structuring public school administrative salaries in selected school districts, to analyze administrative salaries in selected school districts, to analyze practices reported, and to develop a conceptual model for structuring public school administrative salaries.School districts perceived as being innovative by a panel of experts with a national perspective were selected. Respondent superintendents provided school district salary policy and administrative regulations or procedures with explanations, clarifications, or comments which might facilitate accurate interpretation of the salary structure. Responses were analyzed, structure classifications were identified, and frequency of application of selected classifications were identified for the sample school districts and descriptively presented. A conceptual model was prepared from the aggregated data coupled with findings from the literature review for application to structuring of public school administrative salaries.Seven structure classifications emerged from data analysis: (1) time, (2) base rate, (3) role, (4) education, (5) longevity, (6) performance assessment, and (7) index. Each of the seven classifications were defined as follows: (1) time - contractual commitment, (2) base rate - standard salary amount, (3) role - position held by the administrator, (4) education - minimum formal training necessary to enter administrative positions, (5) longevity - length of service in education, (6) performance assessment - evaluation of administrator achievement, and (7) index - administrative salary schedule based on teacher salary schedule.Five of the seven classifications were utilized to develop the following conceptual model:AS = BR x (EW1 + TW2 + RW3) + (PA x BR)whereAS = Administrative salaryBR = Superintendent annual base salary E = EducationT = Time (length of contract) R = RoleW = Weight of factor (W1 + W2 + W3 = 1.00)PA = Performance assessmentSchool districts could add other factors, but the design of the model dictates factor weights adding to 1.00.
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Pan, Ning 1962. "A LISP-based shell for model structuring in system design." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277040.
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This thesis builds a knowledge-based, computer-aided decision making shell, written in LISP, for assistance in generic engineering system design problems. The theoretical framework presented in the thesis places system design processes in the environment of multifaceted modelling methodology and artificial intelligence techniques. A new reliable and efficient knowledge representation scheme--FRASES is introduced into the knowledge base design. The scheme combines system entity structure and frame and production rule system, and allows us to easily acquire, represent, and infer knowledge and information about the system being designed. In the design of the inference engine, multiple inference algorithms are supported in the shell. They infer a set of desired system configurations with respect to the designer's objectives and requirements. In comparison, top-down reasoning with depth-first offers the most efficient reasoning algorithm when using the FRASES knowledge representation scheme.
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Tiesmeier, Dominique Katlin. "MCDM problem-structuring framework and a real estate decision support model." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mcdm-problemstructuring-framework-and-a-real-estate-decision-support-model(a3376b20-6d3c-4b78-9aac-e645b454ad51).html.
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The real estate selection process might be regarded as a typical Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. With current literature concentrating predominantly on institutional investment decision making, additional effort should be directed towards studying inexperienced homebuyers who want to buy a property in which to live. In this context, authors have described the decision environment as a complex decision process with restricted access to property data, high financial burdens partially due to the illiquid nature of the investment, the unfamiliarity with the decision task and low transparency in information aggregation. Consequently, this situation could benefit from a more structured approach that assists homebuyers in their actions. In order to guide the decision making process and provide a suitable support mechanism, it is necessary to first structure the problem and extract the required information. A thorough literature review shows that little guidance is available for MCDM problem structuring. Consequently, this research first proposes an MCDM problem-structuring framework to decompose complex problems into smaller parts. Foremost, the application is intended for high-involvement consumer products and services. This framework is derived from MCDM and methodology literature, where the former provides the elements that need to be defined in any MCDM problem situation, and the latter suggests suitable data collection and analysis methods to obtain the information. As a result, the first contribution to existing literature is the introduction of an MCDM problem-structuring framework, which consists of a carefully designed sequential exploratory mixed method procedure. Next, following the proposed structure, the real estate selection problem in Majorca (Spain) is defined. Whilst providing the inherent problem elements and establishing a comprehensive list of evaluation criteria to assess luxury properties, the fieldwork also offers behavioural insights, contributing and supplementing existing real estate research. In particular, major misunderstandings and false assumptions during real estate agent and client interactions are observed, stressing the need to optimise communication and targeting strategies. On the basis of the relevant real estate evaluation criteria, a dataset of alternative houses is created and subsequently rated by prospective luxury-homebuyers. This provides the basis for the third research focus, the construction of a decision support model for real estate selection. In accordance to the problem features and model requirements, the Evidential Reasoning (ER) rule is identified to offer a powerful and transparent evidence aggregation process, with the potential to have a superior performance than other methods in addressing the selection decision. Due to the ER rule’s short history (2013), application studies in general are practically non-existing and unprecedented in the real estate domain. Therefore, the use of a modified ER model can provide the real estate literature with a prescriptive multi-criteria decision support mechanism, whilst simultaneously offering an application study for the MCDM community and other relevant decision analysis domains. In closing, modelling a real problem using the ER rule highlights the method’s advantages and might in turn increase awareness, leading to more applications.
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Cheon, Saehoon. "Experimental Frame Structuring For Automated Model Construction: Application to Simulated Weather Generation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195473.
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The source system is the real or virtual environment that we are interested in modeling. It is viewed as a source of observable data, in the form of time-indexed trajectories of variables. The data that has been gathered from observing or experimenting with a system is called the system behavior data base. The time indexed trajectories of variables provide an important clue to compose the DEVS (discrete event specification) model. Once event set is derived from the time indexed trajectories of variable, the DEVS model formalism can be extracted from the given event set. The process must not be a simple model generation but a meaningful model structuring of a request. The source data and query designed with SES are converted to XML Meta data by XML converting process. The SES serves as a compact representation for organizing all possible hierarchical composition of system so that it performs an important role to design the structural representation of query and source data to be saved. For the real data application, the model structuring with the US Climate Normals is introduced. Moreover, complex systems are able to be developed at different levels of resolution. When the huge size of source data in US Climate Normals are implemented for the DEVS model, the model complexity is unavoidable. This issue is dealt with the creation of the equivalent lumped model based on the concept of morphism. Two methods to define the resolution level are discussed, fixed and dynamic definition. Aggregation is also discussed as the one of approaches for the model abstraction. Finally, this paper will introduce the process to integrate the DEVSML(DEVS Modeling Language) engine with the DEVS model creation engine for the Web Service Oriented Architecture.
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Craft, Colin N. "Applications of a Model-Theoretic Approach to Borel Equivalence Relations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538768/.
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The study of Borel equivalence relations on Polish spaces has become a major area of focus within descriptive set theory. Primarily, work in this area has been carried out using the standard methods of descriptive set theory. In this work, however, we develop a model-theoretic framework suitable for the study of Borel equivalence relations, introducing a class of objects we call Borel structurings. We then use these structurings to examine conditions under which marker sets for Borel equivalence relations can be concluded to exist or not exist, as well as investigating to what extent the Compactness Theorem from first-order logic continues to hold for Borel structurings.
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Alseyabi, Mohamed Chookah. "Structuring a probabilistic model for reliability evaluation of piping subject to corrosion-fatigue degradation." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9600.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Schmitt, Christian [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Liggesmeyer. "A Model for Structuring and Reusing Security Requirements Sources / Christian Schmitt ; Betreuer: Peter Liggesmeyer." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144269857/34.
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DeSantis, Lisa, and n/a. "Engaging with the past : structuring historic house museum visits for young children." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060704.151238.
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Historic house museums have been the subject of very little structured research. As ideal
learning environments for young children they have the potential to facilitate very special
educational interactions, yet children's experiences in house museums remain relatively
unexplored, with very little professional analysis of the nature, the value or the impact of
school visits. As museums, historic houses are educational institutions, yet with limited
professional expertise and restricted resources as commonplace, many house museums
provide very little in the way of structured educational experiences for schools. This
study aims to increase our understanding of educational encounters in house museums.
Using Falk and Dierking's Interactive Experience Model this thesis explores the personal,
physical and social contexts of young children's visits to house museums. It follows the
progress of children aged 5-8 years, as they participate in class visits to two very
different kinds of house museum. A structured, age-appropriate education program
implemented at Calthorpes' House is compared to the approach taken at Blundells'
Cottage, where a lack of resources and professional expertise has resulted in unstructured
school visits, typical of amateur house museums throughout Australia. The study directly
compares these structured and non-structured museum visits to determine the immediate
and long term value of constructed learning experiences in historic houses. The thesis
concludes that the structure of a school visit has a significant influence on the museum
experience. Research revealed that structured education programs prepare children better
for their visit, allow for more successful interactive experiences on site, encourage
enjoyable social interactions and result in more detailed museum memories. Finally this
thesis outlines implications for house museums as a result of this research and makes
recommendations to assist under-resourced house museums provide more structured,
more informed educational interactions for schools.
10
Kalkvik, Håkon M. "Genetic Structuring in the Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Tridecemlineatus): Testing the Central/Peripheral Model and Colonization Patterns." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1127233080.
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Buchmann, Carsten. "Modelling the structuring of animal communities in heterogeneous landscapes : the role of individual home range formation, foraging movement, competition and habitat configuration." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5903/.
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This thesis aims at a better mechanistic understanding of animal
communities. Therefore, an allometry- and individual-based model has
been developed which was used to simulate mammal and bird communities
in heterogeneous landscapes, and to to better understand their
response to landscape changes (habitat loss and fragmentation).Diese Doktorarbeit strebt ein besseres mechanistisches Verständnis von Tiergemeinschaften an. Dafür wurde ein allometrie- und individuen-basiertes Modell entwickelt und dazu benutzt, Säugetier- und Vogelgemeinschaften in heterogenen Landschaften zu simulieren, und ihre Reaktion auf Landschaftsveränderungen (Habitatverlust und -fragmentierung) besser zu verstehen.
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Kalkvik, Håkon M. "Genetic structuring in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) testing the central/peripheral model and colonization patterns /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1127233080.
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Marano, Federica. "Exploring formal models of linguistic data structuring. Enhanced solutions for knowledge management systems based on NLP applications." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/349.
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2010 - 2011The principal aim of this research is describing to which extent formal models for linguistic data structuring are crucial in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. In this sense, we will pay particular attention to those Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) which are designed for the Internet, and also to the enhanced solutions they may require. In order to appropriately deal with this topics, we will describe how to achieve computational linguistics applications helpful to humans in establishing and maintaining an advantageous relationship with technologies, especially with those technologies which are based on or produce man-machine interactions in natural language. We will explore the positive relationship which may exist between well-structured Linguistic Resources (LR) and KMS, in order to state that if the information architecture of a KMS is based on the formalization of linguistic data, then the system works better and is more consistent. As for the topics we want to deal with, frist of all it is indispensable to state that in order to structure efficient and effective Information Retrieval (IR) tools, understanding and formalizing natural language combinatory mechanisms seems to be the first operation to achieve, also because any piece of information produced by humans on the Internet is necessarily a linguistic act. Therefore, in this research work we will also discuss the NLP structuring of a linguistic formalization Hybrid Model, which we hope will prove to be a useful tool to support, improve and refine KMSs. More specifically, in section 1 we will describe how to structure language resources implementable inside KMSs, to what extent they can improve the performance of these systems and how the problem of linguistic data structuring is dealt with by natural language formalization methods. In section 2 we will proceed with a brief review of computational linguistics, paying particular attention to specific software packages such Intex, Unitex, NooJ, and Cataloga, which are developed according to Lexicon-Grammar (LG) method, a linguistic theory established during the 60’s by Maurice Gross. In section 3 we will describe some specific works useful to monitor the state of the art in Linguistic Data Structuring Models, Enhanced Solutions for KMSs, and NLP Applications for KMSs. In section 4 we will cope with problems related to natural language formalization methods, describing mainly Transformational-Generative Grammar (TGG) and LG, plus other methods based on statistical approaches and ontologies. In section 5 we will propose a Hybrid Model usable in NLP applications in order to create effective enhanced solutions for KMSs. Specific features and elements of our hybrid model will be shown through some results on experimental research work. The case study we will present is a very complex NLP problem yet little explored in recent years, i.e. Multi Word Units (MWUs) treatment. In section 6 we will close our research evaluating its results and presenting possible future work perspectives. [edited by author]
X n.s.
14
Polyvyanyy, Artem. "Structuring process models." Thesis, University of Potsdam, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103118/1/103118.pdf.
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One can fairly adopt the ideas of Donald E. Knuth to conclude that process modeling is both a science and an art. Process modeling does have an aesthetic sense. Similar to composing an opera or writing a novel, process modeling is carried out by humans who undergo creative practices when engineering a process model. Therefore, the very same process can be modeled in a myriad number of ways. Once modeled, processes can be analyzed by employing scientific methods.
Usually, process models are formalized as directed graphs, with nodes representing tasks and decisions, and directed arcs describing temporal constraints between the nodes. Common process definition languages, such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Event-driven Process Chain (EPC) allow process analysts to define models with arbitrary complex topologies. The absence of structural constraints supports creativity and productivity, as there is no need to force ideas into a limited amount of available structural patterns. Nevertheless, it is often preferable that models follow certain structural rules.
A well-known structural property of process models is (well-)structuredness. A process model is (well-)structured if and only if every node with multiple outgoing arcs (a split) has a corresponding node with multiple incoming arcs (a join), and vice versa, such that the set of nodes between the split and the join induces a single-entry-single-exit (SESE) region; otherwise the process model is unstructured. The motivations for well-structured process models are manifold:
(i) Well-structured process models are easier to layout for visual representation as their formalizations are planar graphs.
(ii) Well-structured process models are easier to comprehend by humans.
(iii) Well-structured process models tend to have fewer errors than unstructured ones and it is less probable to introduce new errors when modifying a well-structured process model.
(iv) Well-structured process models are better suited for analysis with many existing formal techniques applicable only for well-structured process models.
(v) Well-structured process models are better suited for efficient execution and optimization, e.g., when discovering independent regions of a process model that can be executed concurrently.
Consequently, there are process modeling languages that encourage well-structured modeling, e.g., Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and ADEPT. However, the well-structured process modeling implies some limitations:
(i) There exist processes that cannot be formalized as well-structured process models.
(ii) There exist processes that when formalized as well-structured process models require a considerable duplication of modeling constructs.
Rather than expecting well-structured modeling from start, we advocate for the absence of structural constraints when modeling. Afterwards, automated methods can suggest, upon request and whenever possible, alternative formalizations that are "better" structured, preferably well-structured. In this thesis, we study the problem of automatically transforming process models into equivalent well-structured models. The developed transformations are performed under a strong notion of behavioral equivalence which preserves concurrency. The findings are implemented in a tool, which is publicly available.
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Polyvyanyy, Artem. "Structuring process models." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5902/.
Full textAbstract:
One can fairly adopt the ideas of Donald E. Knuth to conclude that process modeling is both a science and an art. Process modeling does have an aesthetic sense. Similar to composing an opera or writing a novel, process modeling is carried out by humans who undergo creative practices when engineering a process model. Therefore, the very same process can be modeled in a myriad number of ways. Once modeled, processes can be analyzed by employing scientific methods.
Usually, process models are formalized as directed graphs, with nodes representing tasks and decisions, and directed arcs describing temporal constraints between the nodes. Common process definition languages, such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Event-driven Process Chain (EPC) allow process analysts to define models with arbitrary complex topologies. The absence of structural constraints supports creativity and productivity, as there is no need to force ideas into a limited amount of available structural patterns. Nevertheless, it is often preferable that models follow certain structural rules.
A well-known structural property of process models is (well-)structuredness. A process model is (well-)structured if and only if every node with multiple outgoing arcs (a split) has a corresponding node with multiple incoming arcs (a join), and vice versa, such that the set of nodes between the split and the join induces a single-entry-single-exit (SESE) region; otherwise the process model is unstructured. The motivations for well-structured process models are manifold: (i) Well-structured process models are easier to layout for visual representation as their formalizations are planar graphs. (ii) Well-structured process models are easier to comprehend by humans. (iii) Well-structured process models tend to have fewer errors than unstructured ones and it is less probable to introduce new errors when modifying a well-structured process model. (iv) Well-structured process models are better suited for analysis with many existing formal techniques applicable only for well-structured process models. (v) Well-structured process models are better suited for efficient execution and optimization, e.g., when discovering independent regions of a process model that can be executed concurrently.
Consequently, there are process modeling languages that encourage well-structured modeling, e.g., Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and ADEPT. However, the well-structured process modeling implies some limitations: (i) There exist processes that cannot be formalized as well-structured process models. (ii) There exist processes that when formalized as well-structured process models require a considerable duplication of modeling constructs.
Rather than expecting well-structured modeling from start, we advocate for the absence of structural constraints when modeling. Afterwards, automated methods can suggest, upon request and whenever possible, alternative formalizations that are "better" structured, preferably well-structured. In this thesis, we study the problem of automatically transforming process models into equivalent well-structured models. The developed transformations are performed under a strong notion of behavioral equivalence which preserves concurrency. The findings are implemented in a tool, which is publicly available.Im Sinne der Ideen von Donald E. Knuth ist die Prozessmodellierung sowohl Wissenschaft als auch Kunst. Prozessmodellierung hat immer auch eine ästhetische Dimension. Wie das Komponieren einer Oper oder das Schreiben eines Romans, so stellt auch die Prozessmodellierung einen kreativen Akt eines Individuums dar. Somit kann ein Prozess auf unterschiedlichste Weise modelliert werden. Prozessmodelle können anschließend mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden untersucht werden. Prozessmodelle liegen im Regelfall als gerichtete Graphen vor. Knoten stellen Aktivitäten und Entscheidungspunkte dar, während gerichtete Kanten die temporalen Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Knoten beschreiben. Gängige Prozessmodellierungssprachen, zum Beispiel die Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) und Ereignisgesteuerte Prozessketten (EPK), ermöglichen die Erstellung von Modellen mit einer beliebig komplexen Topologie. Es gibt keine strukturellen Einschränkungen, welche die Kreativität oder Produktivität durch eine begrenzte Anzahl von Modellierungsalternativen einschränken würden. Nichtsdestotrotz ist es oft wünschenswert, dass Modelle bestimmte strukturelle Eigenschaften haben. Ein bekanntes strukturelles Merkmal für Prozessmodelle ist Wohlstrukturiertheit. Ein Prozessmodell ist wohlstrukturiert genau dann, wenn jeder Knoten mit mehreren ausgehenden Kanten (ein Split) einen entsprechenden Knoten mit mehreren eingehenden Kanten (einen Join) hat, und umgekehrt, so dass die Knoten welche zwischen dem Split und dem Join liegen eine single-entry-single-exit (SESE) Region bilden. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so ist das Modell unstrukturiert. Wohlstrukturiertheit ist aufgrund einer Vielzahl von Gründen wünschenswert: (i) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle sind einfacher auszurichten, wenn sie visualisiert werden, da sie planaren Graphen entsprechen. (ii) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle zeichnen sich durch eine höhere Verständlichkeit aus. (iii) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle haben oft weniger Fehler als unstrukturierte Modelle. Auch ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit fehlerhafter Änderungen größer, wenn Modelle unstrukturiert sind. (iv) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle eignen sich besser für die formale Analyse, da viele Techniken nur für wohlstrukturierte Modelle anwendbar sind. (v) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle sind eher für die effiziente Ausführung und Optimierung geeignet, z.B. wenn unabhängige Regionen eines Prozesses für die parallele Ausführung identifiziert werden. Folglich gibt es eine Reihe von Prozessmodellierungssprachen, z.B. die Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) und ADEPT, welche den Modellierer anhalten nur wohlstrukturierte Modelle zu erstellen. Solch wohlstrukturiertes Modellieren impliziert jedoch gewisse Einschränkungen: (i) Es gibt Prozesse, welche nicht mittels wohlstrukturierten Prozessmodellen dargestellt werden können. (ii) Es gibt Prozesse, für welche die wohlstrukturierte Modellierung mit einer erheblichen Vervielfältigung von Modellierungs-konstrukten einhergeht. Aus diesem Grund vertritt diese Arbeit den Standpunkt, dass ohne strukturelle Einschränkungen modelliert werden sollte, anstatt Wohlstrukturiertheit von Beginn an zu verlangen. Anschließend können, sofern gewünscht und wo immer es möglich ist, automatische Methoden Modellierungsalternativen vorschlagen, welche "besser" strukturiert sind, im Idealfall sogar wohlstrukturiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dem Problem der automatischen Transformation von Prozessmodellen in verhaltensäquivalente wohlstrukturierte Prozessmodelle. Die vorgestellten Transformationen erhalten ein strenges Verhaltensequivalenzkriterium, welches die Parallelität wahrt. Die Resultate sind in einem frei verfügbaren Forschungsprototyp implementiert worden.
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Martins, Daniel de Araujo. "Modelo institucional do processo de estrutura??o de empresas de desenvolvimento de software: um estudo de m?ltiplos casos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12069.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-04Some authors have shown the need of understanding the technological structuring process in contemporary firms. From this perspective, the software industry is a very important element because it provides products and services directly to many organizations from many fields. In this case, the Brazilian software industry has some peculiarities that distinguish it from other industries located in developed countries, which makes its understanding even more relevant. There is evidence that local firms take different strategies and structural configurations to enter into a market naturally dominated by large multinational firms. Therefore, this study aims to understand not only the structural configurations assumed by domestic firms but also the dynamic and the process that lead to these different configurations. To do so, this PhD dissertation investigates the institutional environment, its entities and the isomorphic movements, by employing an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory multiple cases study. Eight software development companies from the Recife's information technology Cluster were visited. Also, a form was applied and an interview with one of the main firm s professional was conducted. Although the study is predominantly qualitative, part of the data was analyzed through charts and graphs, providing a companies and environment overview that was very useful to analysis done through the interviews interpretation. As a result, it was realized that companies are structured around hybrids business models from two ideal types of software development companies, which are: software factory and technology-based company. Regarding the development process, it was found that there is a balanced distribution between the traditional and agile development paradigm. Among the traditional methodologies, the Rational Unified Process (RUP) is predominant. The Scrum is the most used methodology among the organizations based on the Agile Manifesto's principles. Regarding the structuring process, each institutional entity acts in such way that generates different isomorphic pressure. Emphasis was given to entities such as customers, research agencies, clusters, market-leading businesses, public universities, incubators, software industry organizations, technology vendors, development tool suppliers and manager s school and background because they relate themselves in a close way with the software firms. About this relationship, a dual and bilateral influence was found. Finally, the structuring level of the organizational field has been also identified as low, which gives a chance to organizational actors of acting independently
Alguns autores t?m apontado para a necessidade de se compreender o processo de estrutura??o tecnol?gica nas empresas contempor?neas. Nesta perspectiva, a ind?stria de software tem tido papel fundamental, pois fornecem produtos e servi?os diretamente vinculados ? estrutura??o tecnol?gica de organiza??es das mais diversas ?reas de atua??o. No caso, a ind?stria brasileira de software apresenta algumas particularidades que a diferenciam de outras ind?strias situadas em pa?ses centrais, o que torna seu entendimento ainda mais relevante. H? evid?ncias de que as empresas nacionais assumem configura??es estruturais e estrat?gicas diferenciadas para ocupar esse mercado naturalmente dominado por empresas multinacionais de grande porte. Por essa raz?o, a presente tese tem como objetivo compreender n?o s? as configura??es assumidas pelas empresas nacionais de desenvolvimento de software, como tamb?m a din?mica e o processo que as levam a tal estrutura??o. Para isso, a pesquisa investiga o ambiente institucional, suas entidades e, consequentemente, os movimentos isom?rficos associados ? ind?stria de software, empregando um estudo, fundamentalmente, qualitativo, explorat?rio, descritivo e explicativo, atrav?s da estrat?gia de estudo de m?ltiplos casos. Foram feitas visitas t?cnicas ? 8 empresas do polo de tecnologia da informa??o da regi?o metropolitana de Recife, sendo aplicado um formul?rio e realizada uma entrevista com profissional em cargo de destaque dentro de cada empresa. Apesar de o estudo ser, predominantemente, qualitativo, parte dos dados coletados foi processada atrav?s de tabelas e gr?ficos, fornecendo uma vis?o geral das empresas e do ambiente investigados e subsidiando as an?lises em profundidade feitas a partir da interpreta??o do conte?do obtido com as entrevistas. Como resultado, pode-se dizer que as empresas se estruturam em torno de modelos de neg?cio h?bridos provenientes de dois tipos ideais de empresas de desenvolvimento de software, quais sejam: f?brica de software e empresa de base tecnol?gica. No que diz respeito ao processo produtivo, verificou-se que existe uma distribui??o equilibrada entre o paradigma de desenvolvimento tradicional e o ?gil. Dentre as metodologias tradicionais, a Rational Unified Process (RUP) ? a predominante. J? a metodologia Scrum ? a mais empregada entre empresas estruturadas a partir dos princ?pios do manifesto ?gil. Quanto ao processo de estrutura??o, foi encontrado que as entidades presentes no ambiente institucional atuam de forma diferente umas das outras, gerando for?as isom?rficas distintas e com variada intensidade. Destaque deve ser dado ?s entidades como clientes, ?rg?os de fomento ? pesquisa, arranjos produtivos locais, empresas l?deres de mercado, universidades p?blicas, incubadoras, entidades setoriais, fornecedores de tecnologia para o desenvolvimento de software e escola de forma??o e o background dos gestores, pois esses mant?m estreita rela??o com a estrutura??o das organiza??es investigadas. Acerca dessa rela??o, pode-se dizer que existe dualidade, tornando bilateral o tr?nsito de for?as isom?rficas. Por fim, constatou-se que o campo organizacional identificado ainda possui baixo n?vel de estrutura??o, o que abre espa?o para a a??o aut?noma dos atores organizacionais e, consequentemente, para as empresas de desenvolvimento de software
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Polyvyanyy, Artem [Verfasser], and Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Weske. "Structuring process models / Artem Polyvyanyy. Betreuer: Mathias Weske." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021034592/34.
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McEwan, Michael P. "Effect of structuring on coronal loop oscillations." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/265.
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In this Thesis the theoretical understanding of oscillations in coronal structures is developed. In particular, coronal loops are modelled as magnetic slabs of plasma. The effect of introducing inhomogeneities on the frequency of oscillation is studied. Current observations indicate the existence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes in the corona, so there is room for improved modelling of these modes to understand the physical processes more completely. One application of the oscillations, on which this Thesis concentrates, is coronal seismology. Here, the improved theoretical models are applied to observed instances of coronal MHD waves with the aim of determining information regarding the medium in which these waves propagate. In Chapter two, the effect of gravity on the frequency of the longitudinal slow MHD mode is considered. A thin, vertical coronal slab of magnetised plasma, with gravity acting along the longitudinal axis of the slab is studied, and the effect on the frequency of oscillation for the uniform, stratified and structured cases is addressed. In particular, an isothermal plasma, a two-layer plasma and a plasma with a linear temperature profile are studied. Here, a thin coronal loop, with its footpoints embedded in the chromosphere-photosphere is modelled, and the effects introduced by both gravity and the structuring of density at the footpoint layers are studied. In this case, gravity increases the frequency of oscillation and causes amplification of the eigenfunctions by stratification. Furthermore, density enhancements at the footpoints cause a decrease in the oscillating frequency, and can inhibit wave propagation, depending on the parameter regime. In Chapter three, the effects introduced to the transverse fast MHD mode when gravity acts across a thin coronal slab of magnetised plasma are considered. This study concentrates on the modification of the frequency due to the dynamical effect of gravity in the equation of motion, neglecting the effect of stratification. Here, gravity causes a reduction of the oscillating frequency of the fundamental fast mode, and increases the lower cutoff frequency. In effect, for this configuration, gravity allows the transition between body and surface modes, in a slab geometry. It is found, in these two studies, that each harmonic is affected in a unique manner due to structuring or stratification of density. With this knowledge, in Chapter four, a new parameter is derived; P1/2P2, the ratio of the period of the fundamental harmonic of oscillation to twice the period of its first harmonic. This parameter is shown to be a measure of the longitudinal structuring of density along a coronal loop, and the departure of this ratio from unity can yield information regarding the lengthscales of the structure. This process is highlighted using the known observations, indicating that P1/2P2 may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool for coronal seismology. Finally, in Chapter five, outwardly propagating coronal slow MHD modes are observed and are used to infer coronal parameters. The possibility of using these oscillations to infer near-resolution lengthscales in coronal loops -- fine-scale strands -- is also discussed. TRACE observations are used to determine the average period, phase speed, detection length, amplitude and energy flux for the propagating slow MHD mode. The indication is that the source of these oscillations appears very localised in space, and the driver only acts for a few periods, suggesting the perturbations are driven by leaky p-modes (solar surface modes).
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Débora, Dantas de Souza Ayla. "Structuring Adaptive Applications using AspectJ." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2469.
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Previous issue date: 2004Os dispositivos computacionais estão se tornando ubíquos. Com um celular, atualmente, podemos acessar e manipular informação praticamente em qualquer lugar e a qualquer instante. Neste cenário de computação ubíqua, tem-se exigido que tais sistemas sejam adaptativos, ou seja, tenham a capacidade de se adaptar em decorrência de mudanças no contexto em que estão inseridos. É importante destacar, porém, que a adaptabilidade adiciona certa complexidade ao desenvolvimento de aplicações. Um dos problemas é que a implementação de comportamentos adaptativos em muitos casos se entrelaça com outras preocupações da aplicação, como apresentação, negócio e dados, levando a problemas de legibilidade que podem prejudicar a manutenabilidade do código. A programação orientada a aspectos pode ser usada para facilitar a resolução de problemas relacionados a código entrela¸cado, e dar suporte ao desenvolvimento de programas adaptativos, e ao mesmo tempo adaptáveis (fáceis de modificar) com bons níveis de qualidade e produtividade. Essa dissertação mostra como podemos usar aspectos, em especial em AspectJ, para estruturar aplicações adaptativas, minimizando dessa forma o entrelaçamento de código. AspectJ é uma linguagem orientada a aspectos, de propósito geral, e que estende a linguagem Java. Ela é voltada `a separação de preocupações. Em nosso trabalho ela é utilizada para promover a separação da preocupação adaptabilidade , obtendo-se assim uma implementação modular. Através do uso dessa linguagem, identificamos boas práticas para a estruturação de aplicações adaptativas, as quais foram resumidas em um padrão denominado Adaptability Aspects. Escolhemos a plataforma Java 2 Micro Edition para implementar várias preocupações relativas a adaptabilidade, principalmente pelo fato de ser uma tecnologia destinada a dispositivos ubíquos e com recursos limitados. Al´em de AspectJ, analisamos também uma outra abordagem para a estruturação de aplicações adaptativas: o uso do estilo arquitetural denominado Adaptive Object- Models . Verificamos a partir dessa análise que ele poderia ser combinado com o nosso padrão, e portanto, beneficiar-se com o uso de aspectos. Dessa forma, poderia-se oferecer suporte a um conjunto maior de adaptações e ao mesmo tempo obter-se uma estrutura ção no código mais fácil de compreender. Por fim, avaliamos o impacto de AspectJ, através do uso do padrão Adaptability Aspects, para implementar alguns requisitos de adaptabilidade em aplicações J2ME. Comparamos nossa implementação com uma solução em que a implementação destes requisitos não é tão modular e com uma outra solução utilizando padrões de projeto puramente orientados a objeto na qual se buscava tal modularidade. Alguns dos aspectos comparados foram tempo de execução, memória utilizada, tamanho da aplicação e de seu código. Além de medir tais fatores, descrevemos os ganhos que a programação orientada a aspectos pode trazer para a estruturação de aplicações adaptativas visando obter qualidade em termos de reuso e facilidade de manutenção
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Ackermann, Jörg. "Modellierung, Planung und Gestaltung der Logistikstrukturen kompetenzzellenbasierter Netze." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200701601.
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Kompetenzzellenbasierte (regionale) Netze stellen besondere Anforderungen an die Modellierung, Planung und Gestaltung der Logistikstrukturen. Für die Logistikstrukturmodellierung werden ein generischer Beschreibungsrahmen für produktionslogistische soziotechnische Systeme, Definitionen u.a. zum zentralen Begriff Logistikstruktur sowie ein 3-Ebenen-Modell und Strukturtypen für eine vertiefende Materialflussanalyse und -synthese bereitgestellt. Für die Logistikstrukturplanung wird darauf aufbauend mit der Methode der Integrativen Prozess- und Systemstrukturierung (IPSS) eine Methode zur Behandlung von Strukturierungsproblemen konzipiert, die sowohl speziell für kompetenzzellenbasierte Netze als auch allgemein für Produktions- und Logistiksysteme angewandt werden kann. Für die Logistikstrukturgestaltung werden unter Modell- und Methodenverwendung Szenarien sowie Gestaltungs- und Vorzugslösungen für den Materialfluss abgeleitetCompetence-cell based (regional) networks put special requirements on the modelling, planning and design of logistics structures. For the modelling of logistics structures, a generic description framework for production logistic sociotechnical systems, definitions for, amongst others, the central term logistics structure as well as a 3-layer-model and structure types for a more detailed material flow analysis and synthesis are provided. For the planning of logistics structures, the Method of Integrative Process and System Structuring (IPSS) is developed as a method for handling structuring problems. It can be applied especially to Competence-cell based networks as well as generally to production and logistics systems. For the design of logistics structures, scenarios as well as design and preference solutions for the material flow are derived
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Hagedorn, Gregor. "Structuring descriptive data of organisms - Requirement analysis and information models = (Strukturierung organismischer Beschreibungsdaten - Anforderungsanalyse und Informationsmodelle) /." Bayreuth, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253759.
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de, Valk R. "Structuring lute tablature and MIDI data : machine learning models for voice separation in symbolic music representations." Thesis, City, University of London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15659/.
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This thesis concerns the design, development, and implementation of machine learning models for voice separation in two forms of symbolic music representations: lute tablature and MIDI data. Three modelling approaches are described: MA1, a note-level classification approach using a neural network, MA2, a chord-level regression approach using a neural network, and MA3, a chord-level probabilistic approach using a hidden Markov model. Furthermore, three model extensions are presented: backward processing, modelling voice and duration simultaneously, and multi-pass processing using an extended (bidirectional) decision context. Two datasets are created for model evaluation: a tablature dataset, containing a total of 15 three-voice and four-voice intabulations (lute arrangements of polyphonic vocal works) in a custom-made tablature encoding format, tab+, as well as in MIDI format, and a Bach dataset, containing the 45 three-voice and four-voice fugues from Johann Sebastian Bach’s _Das wohltemperirte Clavier_ (BWV 846-893) in MIDI format. The datasets are made available publicly, as is the software used to implement the models and the framework for training and evaluating them. The models are evaluated on the datasets in four experiments. The first experiment, where the different modelling approaches are compared, shows that MA1 is the most effective and efficient approach. The second experiment shows that the features are effective, and it demonstrates the importance of the type and amount of context information that is encoded in the feature vectors. The third experiment, which concerns model extension, shows that modelling backward and modelling voice and duration simultaneously do not lead to the hypothesised increase in model performance, but that using a multi-pass bidirectional model does. In the last experiment, where the performance of the models is compared with that of existing state-of-the-art systems for voice separation, it is shown that the models described in this thesis can compete with these systems.
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Diallo, Alpha Ousmane. "Modélisation hyperfréquence de problèmes multi-échelles appliquée au cas des antennes à métamatériaux diélectriques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066356/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse à l’amélioration de la compacité des antennes destinées en priorité aux systèmes embarqués tout en respectant les exigences de performance et de compétitivité. L’approche explorée consiste à utiliser des matériaux artificiels fonctionnant en transmission et conçus en structurant la matière diélectrique à une échelle plus petite que la longueur d’onde (sub-longueur d’onde). Cette structuration permet en pratique d’opérer une variation de l’indice de réfraction effectif afin de réaliser des éléments diffractifs aptes à remplir une fonction hyperfréquence. Cependant, la particularité de ce type d’élément structuré est de mêler plusieurs échelles physiques engendrant une complexité dans leur étude. La plus grande dimension d’un composant structuré peut atteindre plusieurs dizaines de longueur d’onde, par exemple 20λ, alors que la taille minimale des structures sub-longueur d’onde peut être inférieure à une fraction de la longueur d’onde, tel que λ/20. Cet aspect multi-échelle allonge les temps de simulation des dispositifs antennaires intégrant ces éléments structurés, empêchant ainsi toute possibilité d’optimisation multi-paramètres dans des temps raisonnables. Afin de pouvoir exploiter pleinement le potentiel de ces matériaux structurés, un modèle numérique de calcul a été développé sur la base des chemins optiques. Ce modèle restitue des résultats sur le maximum de gain des antennes lentilles diffractives structurées avec une précision de 0,5 dB. Le temps de calcul du modèle est de l’ordre de la minute comparée à plus de 6 heures pour une simulation complète avec le logiciel de calcul électromagnétique CST. La rapidité et la précision de ce modèle ont été mises à profit pour optimiser la conception d’une lentille diffractive structurée. Pour illustrer la pertinence de cette approche structurée, ses performances ont été comparées à celles des antennes lentilles de Fresnel et à profil hyperbolique. Cette comparaison s’est faite dans des conditions d’encombrement identiques avec un rapport longueur sur diamètre L/D de 0,5. Le gain de la lentille structurée se révèle être plus élevé de 1,6 dB par rapport à celui de la lentille de Fresnel et de 2,7 dB par rapport à celui de la lentille hyperboliqueThis work focuses on the improvement of the antennas compactness used primarily for embedded systems while respecting the performance and competitiveness requirements. The approach explored consists in using artificial materials operating in transmission and designed by structuring the dielectric material on a scale smaller than the wavelength (sub-wavelength). This structuring makes it possible in practice to achieve a variation in the effective refractive index in order to produce diffractive elements capable of performing a microwave function. However, the particularity of this type of structured element is to mix several physical scales generating complexity in their study. The largest dimension of a structured component can reach several tens of wavelength, for example 20λ, while the minimum size of the sub-wavelength structures may be less than a fraction of the wavelength, as than λ / 20. This multi-scale aspect increases the simulation times of antenna devices integrating these structured elements, thus preventing any possibility of multi-parameter optimization in reasonable times. In order to exploit fully the potential of these structured materials, a numerical model of computation has been developed on the basis of optical paths. This model gives results on the maximum gain of structured diffractive lens antennas with an accuracy of 0.5 dB. The computation time of the model is of the order of the minute compared to more than 6 hours for a complete simulation with the electromagnetic calculation software CST Microwave Studio. The speed and precision of this model have been used to optimize the design of a structured diffractive lens. To illustrate the relevance of this structured approach, its performances were compared with those of Fresnel lens antenna and hyperbolic lens antenna. This comparison was carried out under identical footprint conditions with a length to diameter ratio L / D of 0.5. The gain of the structured lens was found to be 1.6 dB higher than the Fresnel lens and 2.7 dB higher than the hyperbolic lens
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Vick, Rita Michele. "Development of shared mental models structuring distributed naturalistic decision making in a synchronous computer-mediated work environment /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=764748251&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233175424&clientId=23440.
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Jenkins, Joseph A. "Facilitating software reuse by structuring the SPS user interface management system's software library according to programmer mental models." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164519/.
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Caillaut, Gaëtan. "Apprentissage d'espaces prétopologiques pour l'extraction de connaissances structurées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3208.
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La prétopologie est une théorie mathématique visant à relaxer les axiomes régissant la théorie, bien connue, de la topologie. L'affaiblissement de cette axiomatique passe principalement par la redéfinition de l'opérateur d'adhérence qui, en topologie, est idempotent. La non-idempotence de l'opérateur d'adhérence prétopologique offre un cadre de travail plus pertinent pour la modélisation de phénomènes variés, par exemple des processus itératifs évoluant au cours du temps. La prétopologie est le fruit de la généralisation de plusieurs concepts, parmi lesquels la topologie mais aussi la théorie des graphes. Cette thèse comprend quatre parties majeures. La première partie consiste en une introduction du cadre théorique de la prétopologie puis à une mise en lumière de plusieurs applications de la prétopologie dans des domaines tels que l'apprentissage automatique, l'analyse d'images ou encore l'étude des systèmes complexes. La seconde partie permettra de poser et de définir la modélisation logique et multi-critères d'un espace prétopologique sur laquelle est basée cette thèse. Cette modélisation permet de définir des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique de règles logiques afin de construire des espaces prétopologiques. Cette partie se focalisera sur l'apprentissage d'espaces prétopologiques non-restreints. L'étude des espaces prétopologiques non-restreints peut s'avérer incommode, notamment lorsque la population étudiée exhibe certaines propriétés structurelles pouvant être décrites dans un espace plus restreint et plus simple à appréhender. C'est pourquoi la troisième partie est dédiée à l'apprentissage d'espaces prétopologiques de type V. Ces espaces sont définis par une famille de préfiltres, ce qui impose une structure particulière. La méthode d'apprentissage, LPSMI, présentée dans cette partie, qui constitue la contribution majeure de cette thèse, tient compte de cette structure si particulière en exploitant le concept d'apprentissage multi-instances. Enfin la dernière partie décrit plusieurs cas d'applications du cadre théorique proposé dans cette thèse. Ainsi, des applications à l'extraction de taxonomies lexicales, à la détection de communautés ainsi qu'à l'ordonnancement d'évènements temporels sont présentées et permettent de montrer l'intérêt, la souplesse et la pertinence de la prétopologie et de l'apprentissage d'espaces prétopologiques dans des domaines variésPretopology is a mathematical theory whose goal is to relax the set of axioms governing the well known topology theory. Weakening the set of axioms mainly consists in redefining the pseudo-closure operator which is idempotent in topology. The non-idempotence of the pretopological pseudo-closure operator offers an appropriate framework for the modeling of various phenomena, such as iterative processes evolving throughout time. Pretopology is the outcome of the generalisation of several concepts, amongst topology but also graph theory. This thesis is divided in four main parts. The first one is an introduction to the theoretical framework of the pretopology, as well as an overview of several applications in domains where the pretopology theory shines, such as machine learning, image processing or complex systems analysis.The second part will settle the logical modeling of pretopological spaces which allows to define pretopological spaces by a logical and multi-criteria combination. This modeling enables learning algorithms to define pretopological spaces by learning a logical formula. This part will also present an unrestricted pretopological spaces learning algorithm. Unrestricted pretopological spaces can be quite hard to manipulate, especially when the studied population has some structural properties that can be described in a more restricted space. This is why the third part is dedicated to the automatic learning of pretopological spaces of type V. These spaces are defined by a set of prefilters which impose a particular structure. The LPSMI algorithm, which is the main contribution of this work, is presented in this part. This algorithm relies on the multi-instance learning principles to accurately capture the structural properties of pretopological spaces of type V. Finally, the last part consists of multiple applications of the theoretical framework presented in this thesis. Applications to lexical taxonomies extraction, community detection and extraction of temporal relations, as part of a NLP process, will be presented in order to show the usefulness, the relevance and the flexibility of pretopological spaces learning
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Tsoneva, Yana. "L'organisation moléculaire de l'eau liquide à l'interface avec des fluides apolaires." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCM0007/document.
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La Structuration des molécules d’eau à l’interface eau/vapeur d’eau fait l’objet de l’intérêt scientifique depuis des années. La plupart des études sont focalisées sur le bulk d’eau mais des études plus détaillées sur l’eau de surface sont nécessaires. De plus, les interfaces avec les alcanes sont intéressantes d’un point de vue biologique et industriel. Puisque pour des applications biologiques et industrielles les interfaces eau/air et eau/huile possèdent des médiateurs amphiphiles, l’influence d’une monocouche de tensioactif sur la structuration de la surface de l’eau mérite aussi une attention particulière.Dans cette thèse, plusieurs modèles atomistiques d’eau ont été sélectionnés. Des simulations de dynamique moléculaire classique ont été réalisées à 298K pour le bulk d’eau, des systèmes eau/vapeur d’eau et eau/alcane (C5-C9), ainsi que des systèmes eau/DLPC/vapeur d’eau et eau/DLPC/octane (DLPC : dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine). Plusieurs propriétés structurelles, ainsi que les moments dipolaires, la tension de surface et les liaisons hydrogène, du bulk d’eau et des couches de surface d’eau ont été examinées grâce à la fonction de distribution radiale et les diagrammes de Voronoi. L’objectif a été d’estimer l’impact de l’incorporation de la polarisabilité sur les propriétés de l’eau et de sélectionner un modèle optimal (qualité/temps de calcul) pour leur description, ainsi que d’enrichir les données existantes sur la structuration de l’eau à l’interface.Cette étude aborde la structuration de l’eau du bulk et de la surface à l’interface avec la vapeur d’eau ou des alcanes. Un des objectifs de ce travail a été d’évaluer la reproductibilité des données expérimentales en utilisant différents modèles et de s’assurer pour quelles propriétés l’utilisation d’un modèle polarisable est critique. De simples modèles polarisables basés sur les oscillateurs de Drude ont été testés afin de limiter le temps de calcul. Pour le bulk d’eau et les systèmes eau/vapeur d’eau, les modèles TIP4P, SWM4-NDP et COS/G2 ont été les plus performants. Dans la mesure où le modèle TIP4P produit des résultats commensurables avec les modèles polarisables, il a été utilisé pour la simulation des interfaces eau/alcanes (C5-C9). Les molécules à la surface sont organisées de manière plus compacte et moins ordonnée. Cette diminution de l’ordre est principalement due aux liaisons hydrogène qui sont deux fois plus nombreuses dans le bulk qu’en surface. Les analyses de Voronoi ont montré que la coordination tétraédrique n’est pas si claire et que des polyèdres plus complexes sont formés. Les couches de surfaces trouvées s’avèrent être formées de 2 sous-couches, interne et externe, avec des polarités inégales orientées de manières opposées, définissant des zones de charges résiduelles à l’interface.En plus des systèmes avec un contact direct entre l’eau et le fluide apolaire, des interfaces comportant des monocouches de lipides ont été modélisées. La compacité de l’eau de surface, déjà renforcée par la présence d’alcanes, a été augmentée davantage par l’introduction de lipide. Néanmoins, l’orientation de l’eau a été changée et la polarité de la surface inversée, équilibrée par les têtes lipidiques au lieu des sous-couches externes diffuses.Les résultats principaux de cette thèse de doctorat sont les suivants:1. Il a été montré que l’utilisation de modèles d’eau polarisable n’est pas nécessaire pour une évaluation correcte d’un certain nombre de propriétés, mais elle est critique pour les moments dipolaires et la tension de surface.2. Pour la première fois une analyse structurelle a été réalisée en utilisant les diagrammes de Voronoi et un ensemble de modèles d’eau démontrant la différence entre propriétés de l’eau liquide en bulk et en surface.3. Considérant le nombre limité de données existantes, l’étude d’une monocouche de DLPC solide condensée à l’interface eau/vapeur et eau/octane en utilisant différents modèles d’eau a été une contribution originaleThe structuring of water molecules at the water/vapour interface is an object of scientific interest for decades. Most of the existing theoretical studies are focused on bulk water but there is still need of a more detailed research on surface water. In addition, interfaces with alkanes are interesting as being instructive from both biological and industrial perspectives. Since in both bio- and industrial applications water/air and water/oil interfaces are mediated by amphiphiles, the role of a surfactant monolayer on surface water structuring deserves more attention as well.In the present Ph. D. thesis several atomistic water models were chosen and classical molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on bulk water, water/vapour and water/alkane (from pentane to nonane) systems, as well as on water/DLPC/vapour and water/DLPC/octane models, DLPC being dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine. In all cases the temperature was kept at 298 K. Several structural properties of bulk and surface water layers were examined by means of radial distribution functions and Voronoi diagrams. Dipole moments, surface tension and hydrogen bonding were tackled too. The objective was to estimate the impact of accounting for polarisability on the water properties of interest and to select a cost-efficient water model for describing them, as well as to add new data to the existing knowledge about interfacial water structuring.The study addresses the water structuring in bulk and surfacial water at the interface with vapour or alkanes of different chain length. One of the aims of the work was to assess the reproducibility of experimental data using an assortment of polarisable and non-polarisable water models and to check for which properties the utilisation of polarisable models is critical. Simple polarisable models based on Drude oscillators were tested in order to keep the computational costs low. For bulk water and water/vapour systems the models TIP4P, SWM4-NDP and COS/G2 performed the best. Since the TIP4P model produced results commeasurable with the polarisable ones, it was used predominantly further on to simulate water/alkane (C5-C9) interface and to quantify the structural parameters of water obtained from RDFs and Voronoi analyses. The molecules in this layer are organised in a more compact and less ordered manner. The ordering is owed mainly to hydrogen bonds which are twice as many in the bulk compared to the surface. The analysis of the Voronoi diagrams showed that the tetrahedral coordination was blurred and more complex polyhedra were formed. The surface layer was found to consist of two sublayers, inner and outer, with oppositely oriented unequal polarity, defining areas of residual charges at the interface.In addition to the systems with direct contact between water and non-polar fluids, interfaces mediated by lipid monolayers were modelled. The monolayer was meant to seam together the two phases. The compactness of the surfacial water, which was enhanced by the presence of alkanes, was tightened further by the lipid introduction. However, the water orientation was changed and the surfacial polarity was inverted, balanced by the lipid heads instead of the diffuse outer sublayer.The main contributions of the Ph.D. thesis are as follows:1. It is shown that the usage of a polarisable water model is not necessary for correct evaluation of a number of properties, but is critical for characteristics such as dipole moments and surface tension.2. For the first time a structural analysis has been made using Voronoi diagrams and an assortment of water models which demonstrates the difference between bulk and surfacial characteristics of liquid water.3. An original contribution is the study of a solid-condensed DLPC monolayer at the water/vapour interface utilising different water models and at the interface of water/octane, considering the limited experimental data available
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Morin, Benjamin. "Modélisation de liaisons flexibles amortissantes en élastomères pour la prédiction du comportement dynamique de systèmes complexes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1067/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le cadre de l’amortissement passif de structure, les élastomères sont employés dans les industries du transport sous la forme de liaisons amortissantes. Ces matériaux ont un comportement dépendant de la fréquence, de la température et de l’amplitude d’excitation. Les modèles numériques associés peuvent être coûteux en temps de calcul, notamment en phase d’optimisation. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer un modèle réduit efficace de ces liaisons amortissantes, qui prenne en compte la dissipation viscoélastique et les précharges non-linéaires dans les liaisons. La première partie de ce mémoire se concentre sur la représentation de la dissipation par le modèle réduit. Une loi de comportement viscoélastique, basée sur un modèle rhéologique identifié expérimentalement, est utilisée avec la méthode des éléments finis pour obtenir un modèle numérique des liaisons amortissantes. Un premier modèle réduit prédictif, prenant en compte la dissipation en est dérivé en utilisant une extension originale des méthodes de sous-structuration. La deuxième partie traite de l’influence des précharges statiques non-linéaires sur le comportement dynamique et la dissipation dans les liaisons. Pour cela, une loi de comportement hyper-visco-élastique linéarisée autour d’un état précontraint statique non-linéaire est développée. Les méthodes de sous-structuration introduites dans la première partie sont alors enrichies afin de tenir compte de la dissipation et les non-linéarités géométriques dans les liaisons. Finalement, ces modèles réduits à 2 nœuds permettent des gains en temps de calcul d’un facteur 50 à 100 et sont facilement utilisables par l’ingénieur en phase de conceptionIn the context of passive damping, various mechanical systems from the space, aeronautic or auto-mobile industry use elastomer components (shock absorbers, silent blocks, flexible joints...).These materials have frequency, temperature and amplitude dependentcharacteristics. The associated numerical models may become computationally too expensive during an optimization process.The aim of this work is to propose an efficient reduced model of rubber devices that account for the viscoelastic damping and the non-linear pre-stress in the dampers.The first part of this thesis is about how to include the viscoelasticdamping in the reduced model. It starts by using a viscoelastic constitutive relation, based on experimental identification, within the frame of the finite element method to obtain a numerical model of the rubber dampers. A first efficient reduced model is then derived from this FE model by using an original extension of sub-structuring methods in the case of viscoelastic damping.In the second part, the influence of non-linear static pre-stress overthe dynamic behavior and the dissipation in the dampers is studied. An hyper-visco-elastic constitutive relation, linearized in the neighbourhood of a pre-stressed state, is developed. The sub-structuring methods presented in the first part are then upgraded to account for the damping and the geometrical non-linearities in the dampers. Finally, these 2-node reduced models give access to greatly reduced computation times (50 to 100 times faster) and are easy to use for the engineer
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Gatete, Charly Djerma. "Perceptions et jeu d’acteurs dans la construction de l’action publique et des modes de gouvernance dans la filière agrocarburant et effets structurants potentiels sur le développement au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA111003.
Full textAbstract:
Les agrocarburants connaissent un développement tous azimuts depuis le début des années 2000 en Afrique de l’Ouest, sans vision stratégique globale très claire et partagée par les acteurs concernés dans la plupart des pays. Or les stratégies et les interactions des acteurs publics et privés jouent un rôle important dans la construction des filières et de l’action publique. L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser l’action publique décrite comme « l’ensemble des relations [jeu d’acteurs] plus ou moins institutionnalisées, des pratiques et des représentations qui concourent à la production politiquement légitimée de modes de régulation des rapports sociaux » au sein de la filière agrocarburants au Burkina Faso. Il s’est agi d’analyser l’influence du jeu d’acteurs dans l’émergence et la structuration de plusieurs modèles de filière et l’élaboration de la politique agrocarburant burkinabé. Cette thèse a cherché par ailleurs à analyser l’influence des perceptions des acteurs et leurs interactions dans la construction des arrangements institutionnels et des modes de gouvernance des filières. Enfin, à partir d’une analyse multicritère basée sur les perceptions par les acteurs des effets structurants potentiels des agrocarburants sur le développement du Burkina Faso, il a été mis en avant la faible influence de ces perceptions dans l’explication du paysage institutionnel actuelBiofuels have renewed a strong development since 2000 in West Africa countries without a clear and shared vision by all stakeholders. However, the strategies and interactions between public and private actors are important in the construction of these biofuels sector and policies. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze public action described as "all relations [stakeholder's interplay] more or less institutionalized, practices and representations that contribute to the production and regulation of social relations" in the development of biofuels in Burkina Faso. It analyzes the influence of stakeholder's interplay in the emergence and structuring of several biofuels sectors and policy development. This thesis has also sought to analyze the influence of actors perceptions and interactions in the construction of institutional arrangements and sector governance. Finally, from a multi-criteria analysis based on the actors perceptions on potential structuring effects of biofuels in Burkina Faso development, it was highlighted the influence of these perceptions in explaining the current institutional landscape
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Mzoughi, Olfa. "Analyse et description de la morphologie foliaire : application à la classification et l'identification d'espèces de plantes." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0028/document.
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De nos jours, l’identification automatique des espèces de plantes par l’analyse d’images, devient incontournable pour faire perdurer, standardiser voire approfondir les connaissances relatives à la communauté végétale. Cette thèse aborde le problème d’identification automatique des espèces de plantes en utilisant les images de feuilles. Elle s’attaque à deux principaux challenges: Le premier challenge est le grand nombre et la large variabilité de la morphologie foliaire des espèces et le deuxième challenge est la variabilité intra-espèces qui se manifeste localement au niveau de régions particulières des feuilles. Pour pallier à ces deux problèmes, un retour à la botanique et notamment aux concepts botaniques foliaires a été établi pour définir une structuration automatique des feuilles à deux niveaux: Le premier niveau concerne un schéma de catégorisation selon les deux concepts botaniques “arrangement” et “lobation”. Le deuxième niveau consiste à définir les parties sémantiques qui composent la feuille. L’approche de la thèse s’articule autour de deux principaux volets: Dans le premier volet, nous nous intéressons à mettre en place cette structuration guidée par la sémantique botanique en définissant des propriétés géométriques simples corrélées avec les définitions et les observations botaniques. Dans le deuxième volet, nous étudions la faisabilité et la pertinence d’intégrer cette structuration dans la chaîne d’identification. Particulièrement, nous établissons des recherches ciblées dans les catégories et nous définissons des modèles de parties à significations botaniques. Nous établissons notre évaluation sur les deux bases d’images de Scans de feuilles ImageCLEF 2011 et ImageCLEF 2012. Nous comparons notre approche par rapport à un schéma d’identification de référence, appliqué sur la totalité de la base et en utilisant l’image entière, et par rapport à plusieurs méthodes référencées dans la littératureNowadays, automatic identification of plant species, by image analysis, has become crucial to maintain, standardize or deepen knowledge about the plant community. This thesis focus on the problem of automatic identification of plant species using leaf images. It addresses two main challenges: The first challenge is the large number and the high variability in foliar morphology across species. The second challenge is the intra-species variability which occurs locally at particular regions of leaves. To overcome these two problems, a return to botany and especially to leaf botanical concepts is established in order to define an automatic structuring of leaves at two levels: The first level concerns a categorisation scheme according to the botanical concepts “arrangement” and “lobation". The second level consists in decomposing leaves into semantic parts. The approach of the thesis is based on two key parts: In the first part, we focus on establishing this botanical-based structuring process by defining simple geometric properties correlated with botanical definitions and observations. In the second part, we investigate the feasibility and opportunities to integrate this structuring process in the identification scheme. Particularly, we make targeted researches in categories and we define specific part-based models.Experiments are conducted using the ImageCLEF 2011 and 2012 Scan images leaf databases. We compare our approach with respect to the reference identification scheme, applied on the whole databaseand using the entire images, and with respect to several methods referenced in the literature
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Covi, Patrick. "Multi-hazard analysis of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/313383.
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Fires following earthquake (FFE) have historically produced enormous post-earthquake damage and losses in terms of lives, buildings and economic costs, like the San Francisco earthquake (1906), the Kobe earthquake (1995), the Turkey earthquake (2011), the Tohoku earthquake (2011) and the Christchurch earthquakes (2011). The structural fire performance can worsen significantly because the fire acts on a structure damaged by the seismic event. On these premises, the purpose of this work is the investigation of the experimental and numerical response of structural and non-structural components of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake (FFE) to increase the knowledge and provide a robust framework for hybrid fire testing and hybrid fire following earthquake testing. A partitioned algorithm to test a real case study with substructuring techniques was developed. The framework is developed in MATLAB and it is also based on the implementation of nonlinear finite elements to model the effects of earthquake forces and post-earthquake effects such as fire and thermal loads on structures. These elements should be able to capture geometrical and mechanical non-linearities to deal with large displacements. Two numerical validation procedures of the partitioned algorithm simulating two virtual hybrid fire testing and one virtual hybrid seismic testing were carried out. Two sets of experimental tests in two different laboratories were performed to provide valuable data for the calibration and comparison of numerical finite element case studies reproducing the conditions used in the tests. Another goal of this thesis is to develop a fire following earthquake numerical framework based on a modified version of the OpenSees software and several scripts developed in MATLAB to perform probabilistic analyses of structures subjected to FFE. A new material class, namely SteelFFEThermal, was implemented to simulate the steel behaviour subjected to FFE events.
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Covi, Patrick. "Multi-hazard analysis of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/313383.
Full textAbstract:
Fires following earthquake (FFE) have historically produced enormous post-earthquake damage and losses in terms of lives, buildings and economic costs, like the San Francisco earthquake (1906), the Kobe earthquake (1995), the Turkey earthquake (2011), the Tohoku earthquake (2011) and the Christchurch earthquakes (2011). The structural fire performance can worsen significantly because the fire acts on a structure damaged by the seismic event. On these premises, the purpose of this work is the investigation of the experimental and numerical response of structural and non-structural components of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake (FFE) to increase the knowledge and provide a robust framework for hybrid fire testing and hybrid fire following earthquake testing. A partitioned algorithm to test a real case study with substructuring techniques was developed. The framework is developed in MATLAB and it is also based on the implementation of nonlinear finite elements to model the effects of earthquake forces and post-earthquake effects such as fire and thermal loads on structures. These elements should be able to capture geometrical and mechanical non-linearities to deal with large displacements. Two numerical validation procedures of the partitioned algorithm simulating two virtual hybrid fire testing and one virtual hybrid seismic testing were carried out. Two sets of experimental tests in two different laboratories were performed to provide valuable data for the calibration and comparison of numerical finite element case studies reproducing the conditions used in the tests. Another goal of this thesis is to develop a fire following earthquake numerical framework based on a modified version of the OpenSees software and several scripts developed in MATLAB to perform probabilistic analyses of structures subjected to FFE. A new material class, namely SteelFFEThermal, was implemented to simulate the steel behaviour subjected to FFE events.
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Rahman, Mohammad Ziaur. "Data Structuring Problems in the Bit Probe Model." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3300.
Full textAbstract:
We study two data structuring problems under the bit probe model: the dynamic predecessor problem and integer representation in a manner supporting basic updates in as few bit operations as possible. The model of computation considered in this paper is the bit probe model. In this model, the complexity measure counts only the bitwise accesses to the data structure. The model ignores the cost of computation. As a result, the bit probe complexity of a data structuring problem can be considered as a fundamental measure of the problem. Lower bounds derived by this model are valid as lower bounds for any realistic, sequential model of computation. Furthermore, some of the problems are more suitable for study in this model as they can be solved using less than $w$ bit probes where $w$ is the size of a computer word.
The predecessor problem is one of the fundamental problems in computer science with numerous applications and has been studied for several decades. We study the colored predecessor problem, a variation of the predecessor problem, in which each element is associated with a symbol from a finite alphabet or color. The problem is to store a subset $S$ of size $n,$ from a finite universe $U$ so that to support efficient insertion, deletion and queries to determine the color of the largest value in $S$ which is not larger than $x,$ for a given $x \in U.$ We present a data structure for the problem that requires $O(k \sqrt[k]{{\log U} \over {\log \log U}})$ bit probes for the query and $O(k^2 {{\log U} \over {\log \log U}})$ bit probes for the update operations, where $U$ is the universe size and $k$ is positive constant. We also show that the results on the colored predecessor problem can be used to solve some other related problems such as existential range query, dynamic prefix sum, segment representative, connectivity problems, etc.
The second structure considered is for integer representation. We examine the problem of integer representation in a nearly minimal number of bits so that increment and decrement (and indeed addition and subtraction) can be performed using few bit inspections and fewer bit changes. In particular, we prove a new lower bound of $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ for the increment and decrement operation, where $n$ is the minimum number of bits required to represent the number. We present several efficient data structures to represent integers that use a logarithmic number of bit inspections and a constant number of bit changes per operation.
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Chen, Chiau-Ching, and 陳巧青. "ANP for model-structuring process improvement and its applications." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17448802673575329612.
Full textAbstract:
博士淡江大學
管理科學學系博士班
102
Abstract: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its general form, Analytic Network Process (ANP), help decision makers understand real world problems and solve them via a hierarchical or network structure. It has been popular for many business applications and has become an important technique in multiple criteria decision making. This study proposes two kinds of improvement processes of model-structuring and applies them to the selection of the appropriate green supply chain management (GSCM) strategy and the evaluation of consumers’ acceptance of wearable technology. First, the researcher organized the GSCM strategy-selection network structure according to the product lifecycle management (PLM) concept. Then the importance of control criteria which could make the results of pair-comparisons more precise was stressed and the GSCM strategy which conformed to the environmental perspective kept by the organization was chosen. Then the study selected a leading Taiwanese electronics company to demonstrate how to choose an appropriate GSCM strategy via the proposed model. The analytical results derived from the model can provide suggestions for departments’ policies or programs since the concept of PLM corresponds with their business functions/departments types. In addition, the Unified Theory of Adoption and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model which is a more robust theory model and used commonly to predict the acceptance of a new technology was utilized to be a basis for an analytical network-framing. Then, wearable technology was taken an example to evaluate customers’ intention to use the products and the level-low, medium and high of actual use of wearable technology in Taiwan. This approach not only improved the model-framing objectivity; but also avoided some limitations which existed in statistical methods including some assumptions, problems with sample sizes and so on. The method used in this study allowed for issues related to inaccurate statistical significance magnitude resulted from different samples which keep users from understanding the importance of each variable to be avoided. The stability of the above tow model-structuring approaches was confirmed via sensitivity analysis; however, the first approach which is based on managerial concepts should combine other mathematical techniques to show better judgments in relationship–linking between each factor. The other approach which is based on UTAUT model also continuously examined the feasibility of other theoretical models, and then advanced to a more objective and feasible transferring process.
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Coates, Philip D., Philip D. Caton-Rose, Ian M. Ward, and Glen P. Thompson. "Process structuring of polymers by solid phase orientation processing." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9638.
Full textAbstract:
NoSolid phase orientation of polymers is one of the most successful routes to enhancement of polymer properties. It unlocks the potential of molecular orientation for the achievement of a range of enhanced physical properties. We provide here an overview of techniques developed in our laboratories for structuring polymers by solid phase orientation processing routes, with a particular focus on die drawing, which have allowed control of significant enhancements of a single property or combinations of properties, including Young's modulus, strength, and density. These have led to notable commercial exploitations, and examples of load bearing low density materials and shape memory materials are discussed.
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Wang, Ten-Hsun, and 王天馴. "Structuring a Process for Developing the Defense Technology Roadmap and Project Portfolio by Using the Product-Service System Model." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85884441793911537978.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士在職專班
101
In order to improve the development of new products, such as the pre-operational phase of uncertainty across functional departments, the goal is inconsistent, the lack of effective messages and unstable situations such as decision-making efficiency, the need to improve the efficiency of preliminary work for the stage. Because of defense industries have the special nature of its products and customers, development of new products early in session, "Product-Service Integration", "Co-development" and "customer involvement" are the three related aspects of early development stages while the defense industries have difference with other civil manufacturing. The purpose of this study to explore new product development through early stages of the relevant academic literature, reference technology integration planning process and project documents, the "integration of products and services," "customer involvement" and "open innovation model of cooperation," the three level of integration, the district is divided into three phases, "opportunity identification", "conceptual development" and "project screening", in order to construct the way that products and services were integrated in IDEF0 system. Defense industry organizations could develop pre-processes, and explore the process to construct on the feasibility of applying with practice
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Wang, Teng-Yuan, and 王等元. "A Study of Structuring a Systematic Development Model of Computer-Assisted Instruction for College and University Libraries in R.O.C." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48988697534224894343.
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Mousavi, Ali. "A novel approach towards a lubricant-free deep drawing process via macro-structured tools." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70598.
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In today’s industry, the sustainable use of raw materials and the development of new green technology in mass production, with the aim of saving resources, energy and production costs, is a significant challenge. Deep drawing as a widely used industrial sheet metal forming process for the production of automotive parts belongs to one of the most energy-efficient production techniques. However, one disadvantage of deep drawing regarding the realisation of green technology is the use of lubricants in this process. Therefore, a novel approach for modifying the conventional deep drawing process to achieve a lubricant-free deep drawing process is introduced within this thesis.
In order to decrease the amount of frictional force for a given friction coefficient, the integral of the contact pressure over the contact area has to be reduced. To achieve that, the flange area of the tool is macro-structured, which has only line contacts. To avoid the wrinkling, the geometrical moment of inertia of the sheet should be increased by the alternating bending mechanism of the material in the flange area through immersing the blankholder slightly into the drawing die.
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Neufeld, Christine. "M&A proposal : acquisition of Orior AG by Valora Holding AG." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35832.
Full textAbstract:
This work aims to analyse the potential acquisition of Orior AG by Valora Holding AG, two firms that operate in the convenience food industry in Switzerland, from a strategic and financial point of view. For that, an analysis of the underlying industry and firms has been conducted, followed by a valuation of both firms as well as potential synergies, and concluded with a discussion regarding the deal structure. The results show that the target, Orior AG, is currently undervalued with a share price of 82.90 CHF as of 21 May 2021, compared to a DCF valuation of 107.61 CHF. Potential synergies that might result from the envisaged transaction amount to 543 CHFm. Therefore, this work proposes an acquisition of 100% of shares in Orior AG at a 21.5% premium, resulting in a price per share of 100.73 CHF and a final transaction price of 655 CHFm, which should be paid in cash funded by internally generated cash and debt.Este trabalho visa analisar estratégica e financeiramente a potencial aquisição da Orior AG pela Valora Holding AG, duas empresas que operam na indústria alimentar de conveniência Suíça. Para tal, foi realizada uma análise da indústria bem como das empresas em questão. Procedeu-se à avaliação de ambas as empresas, bem como das potenciais sinergias, concluindo-se com uma reflexão sobre a estrutura da transação. Os resultados mostram que a empresa-alvo, Orior AG, está actualmente subavaliada considerando a cotação de 82.90 CHF à data de 21 de Maio de 2021, que compara com uma avaliação DCF de 107.61 CHF. Estima-se que as potenciais sinergias resultantes da transacção proposta ascendam a 543 CHFm. Por conseguinte, este trabalho propõe a aquisição de 100% das acções da Orior AG com um prémio de 21.5%, resultando num preço por acção de 100.73 CHF e num preço final da transacção de 655 CHFm, que deverá ser pago em numerário financiado por numerário e dívida gerados internamente.
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Miller, Patricia Kathryn. "Black/white joint small business ventures in South Africa." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18503.
Full textAbstract:
The political history of South Africa, especially that of the apartheid years, has affected
the structuring and functioning of business in the country profoundly. In general, White
business is highly developed and formal, with access to financial and infrastructural
support. Black business is often subsistence-based, informal and struggles for access to
support mechanisms.
These structural inequities have had a depressing impact on the economy that will
continue if they are not resolved. Following the 1994 elections, policies and legislation
have been introduced aimed at redressing structural imbalances. There is thus both a
political and an economic imperative to bridge the gaps that have arisen between Black and
White business.
The study proposes Black/White joint ventures as a mechanism to this end.
The history of Black/White relationships means that these enterprises are likely to face
many problems. A model has been developed through the study for the formulation,
structuring and operation of Black/White joint ventures that takes into account the factors
that are likely to impact on these ventures and affect their success potential. The process
of applying the model in practice is directed towards results that are not prejudiced by the
background of the parties to the venture.
The study expands the concept of joint ventures within the South African context to
incorporate initiatives along a continuum ranging from extensions to employment to full
joint ventures. Depending on its nature and objectives, a venture may be placed and
remain at any stage along the continuum, or may progress along it.
Case studies of Black/White joint ventures were investigated in depth and analysed in
terms of the application of the model, in order to determine the relevance of the model.
In all cases, the success or failure of the venture under scrutiny could be ascribed to the
way in which the presence of various elements identified as being components of the
model had been accommodated in practice within the venture.
The use of the model when applied to formulating, structuring and operating a Black/White
joint venture can contribute to its success potential.Business Management
DBL
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Hagedorn, Gregor [Verfasser]. "Structuring descriptive data of organisms : requirement analysis and information models = Strukturierung organismischer Beschreibungsdaten / vorgelegt von Gregor Hagedorn." 2007. http://d-nb.info/1006696822/34.
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Oliveira, Manuel José Barbosa de. "The structuring role of valence in the relationship between and within models of face and trait impressions." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/7471.
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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos
necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Psicologia
na área de especialização de Psicologia Social, realizada
sob a orientação de Teresa Garcia-Marques e coorientação
de Leonel Garcia-Marques e Ron Dotsch,
apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário, no ano de
2019.In social face perception research, trustworthiness and dominance were found as the core dimensions underlying personality impressions based on facial appearance. These dimensions bear a striking resemblance to dimensions found in the parallel domain of person perception research such as the warmth and competence or communion and agency dimensions of personality impressions based on verbal person descriptions (e.g., trait-based descriptions). Given that both types of social information often co-occur in real social interactions and guide social decision making, it becomes crucial to understand how impressions derived from both sources are interrelated. Yet, so far, questions regarding the extent to which the dimensions of social face perception overlap with the dimensions of person perception, and regarding the nature and direction of the interrelationships between these dimensions, have been largely overlooked in the literature. The main goal of this thesis was to fill this gap in the literature and make initial steps towards the integration of social face perception and person perception models of personality impressions. In the first paper, a reverse correlation methodology was used to assess the extent to which dimensions of social face perception were perceived to overlap with dimensions of person perception by perceivers themselves. The results showed that dimensions establishing opposite relationships with valence, such as dominance and competence, were perceived as less similar than dimensions establishing a common positive relationship with valence, such as trustworthiness, warmth, and competence. These findings clarified that the dimensions of facial impressions and of person perception are not always perceived as redundant, and further highlighted the role of valence in shaping the relationship between dimensions across domains. The second paper employed a paradigm designed to directly assess the nature of the relationship that valence establishes with the core dimensions of social face perception and person perception. The results revealed that ability-related trait dimensions such as competence and dominance exhibited more variability in the nature and direction of their relationship with valence, comparatively to dimensions related with morality and warmth. These findings further emphasized that the overlap or dissociation between core dimensions of social judgment is largely driven by the features of the relationship they establish with valence. The third paper focused exclusively on social face perception and used a reverse correlation methodology to investigate how trustworthiness and dominance are naturally integrated into unitary impressions of facial appearance. The results showed that the dimension more strongly related with valence—trustworthiness—outweighed dominance in the resulting impressions of facial appearance. These findings highlight the primary role of valence information in shaping how dimensions are integrated within social face perception. Overall, these findings highlight the primary role of valence in structuring the relationship between dimensions of social judgment, not only across models of person perception and social face perception, but also within each model. Moreover, they offer a clearer picture on the relationship and integration of models of social face perception and person perception, and lay out clear new directions for future research on social perception in general.
Na investigação em perceção social de faces, confiabilidade e dominância emergiram como as principais dimensões subjacentes às impressões de personalidade baseadas em aparência facial. Estas dimensões assemelham-se bastante às encontradas no domínio paralelo de perceção interpessoal, como as dimensões de simpatia e competência, ou communion e agência, que subjazem impressões de personalidade baseadas em descrições verbais de pessoas (e.g., baseadas em traços). Dada a coocorrência de ambos os tipos de informação na maioria de interações sociais reais, e o seu impacto na tomada de decisões sociais, torna-se crucial compreender como as impressões derivadas de ambas as fontes de informação se interrelacionam. Porém, o grau de sobreposição entre as dimensões da perceção social de faces e da perceção interpessoal, assim como a natureza e direção das inter-relações entre essas dimensões, têm sido questões amplamente negligenciadas na literatura. O principal objetivo desta tese foi preencher essa lacuna na literatura e dar os primeiros passos em direção à integração dos modelos de impressões de personalidade associados à perceção social de faces e à perceção interpessoal. No primeiro artigo, métodos de reverse correlation foram implementados para avaliar em que medida as dimensões da perceção social da face se sobrepõem às dimensões da perceção interpessoal na perspetiva dos próprios percipientes. Os resultados mostraram que as dimensões exibindo relações opostas com valência, como dominância e competência, foram percebidas como menos semelhantes entre si comparativamente às dimensões partilhando a mesma relação (positiva) com a valência, como confiabilidade, simpatia, e competência. Estes achados esclareceram que as dimensões de impressões faciais e da perceção interpessoal nem sempre são percebidas como redundantes, e destacam o papel da valência na estruturação das relações das dimensões entre os dois domínios de investigação. No segundo artigo, desenvolveu-se um paradigma para avaliar diretamente a natureza da relação que a valência estabelece com as dimensões centrais das impressões faciais e da perceção interpessoal. Os resultados revelaram que as dimensões de traço relacionadas com habilidade, como competência e dominância, exibiram maior variabilidade na natureza e direção da sua relação com valência, comparativamente às dimensões relacionadas com moralidade e simpatia. Estes achados enfatizaram ainda que a sobreposição, ou dissociação, entre as dimensões é amplamente promovida pelas características das relações destas com valência. O terceiro artigo focou-se exclusivamente na perceção social de faces, e utilizou métodos de reverse correlation para investigar como a confiabilidade e a dominância são naturalmente integradas em impressões unitárias de aparência facial. Os resultados mostraram que a dimensão mais fortemente relacionada com valência—confiabilidade—teve maior peso que dominância nas impressões faciais. Estes achados destacam o papel primário da valência na integração de dimensões em impressões faciais. No geral, estes achados destacam o papel primário da valência na estruturação das relações entre dimensões de julgamento social, não apenas entre os modelos de impressões faciais e de perceção interpessoal, mas também dentro de cada modelo. Além disso, oferecem uma visão mais clara sobre a relação e integração destes modelos, e traçam direções claras para futuras investigações no domínio geral da perceção social.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCT
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Coetzer, Glenda Lorraine. "Designing a geodetic research data management system for the Hartebeeshoek radio astronomy observatory." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25466.
Full textAbstract:
The radio astronomy and space geodesy scientific instrumentation of the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) in Gauteng, South Africa, generate large volumes of data. Additional large data volumes will be generated by new geodesy instruments that are currently under construction and implementation, including a lunar laser ranging (LLR) system, seismic and meteorological systems and a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) global observing system (VGOS) radio telescope. The existing HartRAO data management and storage system is outdated, incompatible and has limited storage capacity. This necessitates the design of a new geodetic research data management system (GRDMS). The focus of this dissertation is on providing a contextual framework for the design of the new system, including criteria, characteristics, components, an infrastructure architectural model and data structuring and organisation. An exploratory research methodology and qualitative research techniques were applied. Results attained from interviews conducted and literature consulted indicates a gap in the literature regarding the design of a data management system, specifically for geodetic data generated by HartRAO instrumentation. This necessitates the development of a conceptual framework for the design of a new GRDMS. Results are in alignment with the achievement of the research questions and objectives set for this study.Information Science
M.A. (Information Science)
44
Silva, Sílvia Maria Clemente da. "Configurações e dinâmicas da obesidade infantil: um modelo sociológico." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11953.
Full textAbstract:
A obesidade infantil é uma realidade social marcante nas sociedades contemporâneas.
Articula-se com as relações sociais que promovem a individualização e culpabilização das
crianças e das famílias, a partir das crenças depositadas no modelo biomédico de que a
alimentação e a atividade física constituem os expoentes principais de um paradigma que
assenta na consideração da obesidade como “doença”, nas possibilidades de a “curar” e na
urgência de lutar contra esta nova “epidemia”.
Urge compreender as complexidades sociais inerentes à obesidade e, nomeadamente, à
obesidade infantil, hoje predominantemente representadas como importantes problemas
sociais. Para tal, foi indispensável proceder à construção de um modelo sociológico que
fizesse emergir as configurações e dinâmicas sociais da obesidade infantil envolvidas nas suas
causas e consequências.
Pelo recurso à triangulação metodológica ficou revelada a importância da atualidade
histórica e civilizacional nas interações e papéis sociais, com implicações nos processos de
socialização responsáveis pela formação das disposições, formas de pensar e agir das
crianças. A família afigura-se como instituição central neste fenómeno, não apenas na
reprodução social dos estilos de vida mas, principalmente, pela sua estrutura e dinâmica de
relações sociais.
Na origem da obesidade infantil estão alterações nas relações sociais estáveis sob a forma
de mudanças no quotidiano, transições familiares ou crises biográficas. A autoestima, situação
emocional e psicológica, capacidade de resiliência e diferentes modalidades de integração
social face a estas alterações condicionam o surgimento da obesidade infantil.
A pesquisa realizada permitiu a construção de um modelo sociológico e de um modelo de
intervenção social centrados na obesidade infantil, que se considera poderem ser replicados
noutros contextos territoriaisChildhood obesity is a remarkable social reality in contemporary societies. It articulates with the social relations that promote individualization and culpability of children and families, from the deposited beliefs in the biomedical model in which nutrition and physical activity are the main exponents of a paradigm based on the consideration of obesity as “disease”, in the possibilities of “cure” it, and in the urgency to fight against this new “epidemic”. There is an urgent need for understanding the social complexities inherent to obesity, namely to childhood obesity, which are nowadays predominantly represented as important social problems. For such, it was essential to proceed to the construction of a sociological model that did emerge the settings and social dynamics of childhood obesity involved in its causes and consequences. By the use of methodological triangulation it was revealed the importance of historical and civilizational present in interactions and social roles, with implications on socialization processes responsible for the formation of provisions, and ways children think and act. The family appears as a central institution in this phenomenon, not only in the social reproduction of lifestyles, but mainly for its structure and dynamics of social relations. In the rise of childhood obesity are transformations in stable social relationships in the form of changes in daily life, family transitions or biographical crisis. Self-esteem, emotional and psychological situation, resilience ability and different forms of social integration in the face of these changes affect the emergence of childhood obesity. This survey allowed the construction of a sociological model and a social intervention model focused on childhood obesity, which it is believed that may be replicated in other territorial contexts.