Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structured World Model

Academic literature on the topic 'Structured World Model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Structured World Model"

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Santos, José I., David J. Poza, José M. Galán, and Adolfo López-Paredes. "Evolution of Equity Norms in Small-World Networks." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/482481.

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The topology of interactions has been proved very influential in the results of models based on learning and evolutionary game theory. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of structures ranging from regular ring lattices to random networks, including small-world networks, in a model focused on property distribution norms. The model considers a fixed and finite population of agents who play the Nash bargaining game repeatedly. Our results show that regular networks promote the emergence of the equity norm, while less-structured networks make possible the appearance of fractious regimes. Additionally, our analysis reveals that the speed of adoption can also be affected by the network structure.
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Hewlett, Daniel, Shane Hoversten, Wesley Kerr, Paul Cohen, and Yu-Han Chang. "Wubble World." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 3, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v3i1.18776.

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We introduce Wubble World, a virtual environment for learning situated language. In Wubble World children create avatars, called wubbles, which can interact with other other children's avatars through free-form spontaneous play or structured language games. Wubbles can also learn language from direct interaction with children, since the system uses principles from developmental psychology to restrict the complexity of this learning task: a shared attention model that includes deictic pointing, and a concept acquisition system that allows for rapid learning of new words from a limited number of exposures.Since we have complete knowledge of the state and structure of the virtual environment, we are able to track correspondences between utterances and the scene in which they are uttered. This sentence/scene corpus will be a valuable resource as we attempt to tackle more sophisticated language learning tasks, such as the acquisition of syntax and verb semantics from world dynamics.
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Morettin, Paolo, Samuel Kolb, Stefano Teso, and Andrea Passerini. "Learning Weighted Model Integration Distributions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 5224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5967.

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Weighted model integration (WMI) is a framework for probabilistic inference over distributions with discrete and continuous variables and structured supports. Despite the growing popularity of WMI, existing density estimators ignore the problem of learning a structured support, and thus fail to handle unfeasible configurations and piecewise-linear relations between continuous variables. We propose lariat, a novel method to tackle this challenging problem. In a first step, our approach induces an SMT(ℒℛA) formula representing the support of the structured distribution. Next, it combines the latter with a density learned using a state-of-the-art estimation method. The overall model automatically accounts for the discontinuous nature of the underlying structured distribution. Our experimental results with synthetic and real-world data highlight the promise of the approach.
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Dinneen, Michael J., Yun-Bum Kim, and Radu Nicolescu. "Towards Structured Modelling with Hyperdag P Systems." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2010.2.2477.

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Although P systems are computationally complete, many real world models, such as socio-economic systems, databases, operating systems and distributed systems, seem to require more expressive power than provided by tree structures. Many such systems have a primary tree-like structure augmented with shared or secondary communication channels. Modelling these as tree-based systems, while theoretically possible, is not very appealing, because it typically needs artificial extensions that introduce additional complexities, inexistent in the originals. In this paper, we propose and define a new model called hyperdag P systems, in short, hP systems, which extend the definition of conventional P systems, by allowing dags, interpreted as hypergraphs, instead of trees, as models for the membrane structure. We investigate the relation between our hP systems and neural P systems. Despite using an apparently restricted structure, i.e., a dag instead of a general graph, we argue that hP systems have essentially the same computational power as tissue and neural P systems. We argue that hP systems offer a structured approach to membranebased modelling that is often closer to the behavior and underlying structure of the modelled objects.
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Trovati, Marcello. "Reduced Topologically Real-World Networks." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2015040102.

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The topological and dynamical properties of real-world networks have attracted extensive research from a variety of multi-disciplinary fields. They, in fact, model typically big datasets which pose interesting challenges, due to their intrinsic size and complex interactions, as well as the dependencies between their different sub-parts. Therefore, defining networks based on such properties, is unlikely to produce usable information due to their complexity and the data inconsistencies which they typically contain. In this paper, the authors discuss the evaluation of a method as part of ongoing research which aims to mine data to assess whether their associated networks exhibit properties comparable to well-known structures, namely scale-free, small world and random networks. For this, they will use a large dataset containing information on the seismologic activity recorded by the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre. The authors will show that it provides an accurate, agile, and scalable tool to extract useful information. This further motivates their effort to produce a big data analytics tool which will focus on obtaining in-depth intelligence from both structured and unstructured big datasets. This will ultimately lead to a better understanding and prediction of the properties of the system(s) they model.
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Scheu, S., and B. Drossel. "Sexual reproduction prevails in a world of structured resources in short supply." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1614 (February 27, 2007): 1225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0040.

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We present a model for the maintenance of sexual reproduction based on the availability of resources, which is the strongest factor determining the growth of populations. The model compares completely asexual species to species that switch between asexual and sexual reproduction (sexual species). Key features of the model are that sexual reproduction sets in when resources become scarce, and that at a given place only a few genotypes can be present at the same time. We show that under a wide range of conditions the sexual species outcompete the asexual ones. The asexual species win only when survival conditions are harsh and death rates are high, or when resources are so little structured or consumer genotypes are so manifold that all resources are exploited to the same extent. These conditions, largely represent the conditions in which sexuals predominate over asexuals in the field.
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Menon, Balakrishnan. "Structured Equation Modelling on Consumer Purchase Behaviour of Passenger Cars." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262918767040.

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With increased globalization, many prominent leaders in car manufacturing industry across the world have built their manufacturing units in India, through the application of direct investment collaboration route with Indian companies, by using the liberalized foreign direct investment (FDI) policy of the Indian Government. With multiple selective choices to consumers, the car segments have undergone a metamorphosis in India. With many makes, brands and models, customers have many choices currently. The predominant purpose of this article is to conceptualize and design a purchase decision model, which would strongly provide an orientation of determinants, which influenced the consumer buyer behaviour of passenger car owners. The study results conclusively validated that eight major variables strongly influenced the consumer purchase behaviour of car owners. The major findings of the study would facilitate practical application, specifically, in the highly segmented passenger car markets in India.
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Mostafaei, Hossein, Yagub Alipouri, and Manouchehr Zadahmad. "A mathematical model for scheduling of real-world tree-structured multi-product pipeline system." Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 81, no. 1 (December 17, 2014): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00186-014-0486-5.

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Valese, M., F. Noardo, and A. Pereira Roders. "WORLD HERITAGE MAPPING IN A STANDARD-BASED STRUCTURED GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 24, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-81-2020.

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Abstract. This research aims at the study of the (dynamic) relationship between the World Heritage sites and the related human settlements development. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be useful to represent the involved information and to analyze such relationship. However, an effective harmonized structure and unique storage of possibly heterogeneous datasets is necessary to enable it. This initial step is the focus of this paper. First, the description of the structure of the related datasets and the assessment of the availability, quality, and consistency of the available information about the Heritage sites and properties is presented. Among those requirements, the quality of the associated spatial information is critical (e.g. kind of shape, accuracy, georeferencing). Second, considering the structure of the available datasets concerning the world heritage, together with the HERILAND research requirements, a global world heritage GIS is designed. The classification and data model to manage the WH list falls within the wider issue of structuring the cultural heritage documentation, involving both the definition of the semantic content and the geometric representation. In order to comply with the important requirement of data interoperability in science and to strengthen the outcomes of the research, some standardized data models and classifications are considered.
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Chaaban, Youmen, and Rania Sawalhi. "Promoting reading in the Arab world: The book club model." IFLA Journal 44, no. 4 (October 26, 2018): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035218806541.

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Despite their proliferation in many parts of the world, book clubs have received little attention from academic researchers. This study seeks to understand the status of book clubs particularly in the Arab world. An in-depth illustration of the status of Arab book clubs was provided by 18 moderators from six Arab countries. The findings indicated that Arab book clubs operate in several distinctive ways; ranging from formal, highly structured meetings, to informal, friendly gatherings. The findings also revealed the motivations for establishing the book clubs in the Arab world. In this respect, participants set high expectations for personal growth, interpersonal relationships, and social responsibility. However, Arab books clubs faced several challenges as perceived by the participants in this study. Several suggestions were made for the sustainability of Arab book clubs. The implications of the findings for librarians, educators, and the general public are also emphasized to create momentum for their continuity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structured World Model"

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Hildebrand, Thomas. "Two-sided markets in the online world." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16339.

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Diese Dissertation besteht aus drei Aufsätzen, in denen verschiedene Aspekte von zweiseitigen Märkten untersucht werden. Dabei handelt es sich um Märkte mit zwei verschiedenen Nutzergruppen, von denen jede Netzwerkeffekte auf die jeweils andere Seite ausübt. Im ersten Aufsatz werden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den traditionellen (offline) Nachfragekanälen und den neuen (online) Nachfragekanälen in der deutschen Zeitschriftenindustrie analysiert. Dabei liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf den Effekten zwischen Offlinewerbung und Onlinewerbung. Das Ergebnis der Schätzung eines dafür entwickelten ökonomischen Modells ist, dass Offline- und Onlinewerbung moderate Substitute füreinander sind. Dies erklärt die Verlagerung von Offline- zu Onlinewerbung, die man in den vergangen Jahren beobachten konnte. Im zweiten Aufsatz wird ein semistruktureller Ansatz zur Messung von Netzwerk-Effekten auf potentiell zweiseitigen Monopol-Plattformen entwickelt. Der Test ist hinreichend, wenn lediglich Daten zum Gesamtumsatz der Plattform zur Verfügung stehen. Sind getrennte Umsatzdaten für die beiden Seiten verfügbar, dann ist der Test sowohl notwendig als auch hinreichend. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht Mechanismen und Anreize, die die Koordination von Angebot und Nachfrage auf Kreditmärkten ermöglichen, in denen es keine Finanzintermediäre mit eigener finanzieller Beteiligung an den vergebenen Darlehen gibt. Dazu wird der Online-Direktkreditmarkt analysiert, in welchem an die Stelle von klassischen Finanzintermediären ein System von Gruppen tritt. Anhand eines Differenz-in-Differenzen-Ansatzes wird gezeigt, dass Entgelte für die Leiter dieser Gruppen zu adversen Anreizen führen können. Nach Abschaffung der Entgelte differenzieren die Leiter der Gruppen deutlich stärker bei der Auswahl derjenigen Kreditgesuche, die sie als investitionswürdig empfehlen. Gleiches ist zu beobachten, wenn die Leiter der Gruppen selbst zu einem großen Teil an den entsprechenden Darlehen beteiligt sind.
This dissertation investigates various aspects of two-sided markets - markets with at least two distinct user groups each of which exerts inter-group network effects on the other side - in the online world. In the first paper, I examine the interactions between the traditional (offline) demand channels and the new (online) demand channels in the German magazines industry, focusing in particular on the link between offline and online advertising. I find that offline and online advertising are substitutes although not perfect ones. This explains the shift from offline to online advertising observed in recent years. In the second paper, I develop a semi-structural approach to identify network effects on two-sided monopoly platforms without data on prices and quantities. A sufficient test for the existence of network effects is derived when only data on total revenue is available. If separate revenue data is available on the two sides, then the test is both necessary and sufficient. The third paper investigates the certification mechanisms and incentives that enable lending markets to match demand and supply despite the absence of financial intermediaries with skin in the game. The institutional setting for this analysis is the online social lending market, in which potential lenders and borrowers interact directly without a financial intermediary but can create self-organized groups instead. A difference-in-difference approach is used to examine how the same groups behave before and after the exogenously imposed elimination of rewards for the leaders of these groups. Allowing group leader rewards is found to be detrimental for the market outcome. Group leaders become more careful in screening after the elimination of these rewards, and if their loan participation is high, i.e. when they have skin in the game and are thus severely hurt by a borrower default.
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Hwang, Yuan-Chun. "Local and personalised models for prediction, classification and knowledge discovery on real world data modelling problems." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/776.

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This thesis presents several novel methods to address some of the real world data modelling issues through the use of local and individualised modelling approaches. A set of real world data modelling issues such as modelling evolving processes, defining unique problem subspaces, identifying and dealing with noise, outliers, missing values, imbalanced data and irrelevant features, are reviewed and their impact on the models are analysed. The thesis has made nine major contributions to information science, includes four generic modelling methods, three real world application systems that apply these methods, a comprehensive review of the real world data modelling problems and a data analysis and modelling software. Four novel methods have been developed and published in the course of this study. They are: (1) DyNFIS – Dynamic Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, (2) MUFIS – A Fuzzy Inference System That Uses Multiple Types of Fuzzy Rules, (3) Integrated Temporal and Spatial Multi-Model System, (4) Personalised Regression Model. DyNFIS addresses the issue of unique problem subspaces by identifying them through a clustering process, creating a fuzzy inference system based on the clusters and applies supervised learning to update the fuzzy rules, both antecedent and consequent part. This puts strong emphasis on the unique problem subspaces and allows easy to understand rules to be extracted from the model, which adds knowledge to the problem. MUFIS takes DyNFIS a step further by integrating a mixture of different types of fuzzy rules together in a single fuzzy inference system. In many real world problems, some problem subspaces were found to be more suitable for one type of fuzzy rule than others and, therefore, by integrating multiple types of fuzzy rules together, a better prediction can be made. The type of fuzzy rule assigned to each unique problem subspace also provides additional understanding of its characteristics. The Integrated Temporal and Spatial Multi-Model System is a different approach to integrating two contrasting views of the problem for better results. The temporal model uses recent data and the spatial model uses historical data to make the prediction. By combining the two through a dynamic contribution adjustment function, the system is able to provide stable yet accurate prediction on real world data modelling problems that have intermittently changing patterns. The personalised regression model is designed for classification problems. With the understanding that real world data modelling problems often involve noisy or irrelevant variables and the number of input vectors in each class may be highly imbalanced, these issues make the definition of unique problem subspaces less accurate. The proposed method uses a model selection system based on an incremental feature selection method to select the best set of features. A global model is then created based on this set of features and then optimised using training input vectors in the test input vector’s vicinity. This approach focus on the definition of the problem space and put emphasis the test input vector’s residing problem subspace. The novel generic prediction methods listed above have been applied to the following three real world data modelling problems: 1. Renal function evaluation which achieved higher accuracy than all other existing methods while allowing easy to understand rules to be extracted from the model for future studies. 2. Milk volume prediction system for Fonterra achieved a 20% improvement over the method currently used by Fonterra. 3. Prognoses system for pregnancy outcome prediction (SCOPE), achieved a more stable and slightly better accuracy than traditional statistical methods. These solutions constitute a contribution to the area of applied information science. In addition to the above contributions, a data analysis software package, NeuCom, was primarily developed by the author prior and during the PhD study to facilitate some of the standard experiments and analysis on various case studies. This is a full featured data analysis and modelling software that is freely available for non-commercial purposes (see Appendix A for more details). In summary, many real world problems consist of many smaller problems. It was found beneficial to acknowledge the existence of these sub-problems and address them through the use of local or personalised models. The rules extracted from the local models also brought about the availability of new knowledge for the researchers and allowed more in-depth study of the sub-problems to be carried out in future research.
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Hoy, Janet M. "Outcomes and Incomes: Implementing a Mental Health Recovery Measure in a Medical Model World." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1207019285.

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Wang, Ming. "Scale modeling of structural behavior in fire." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3841.

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Danchev, Valentin. "Spatial network structures of world migration : heterogeneity of global and local connectivity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81704dfc-4221-4ef4-81cf-35d89dfc364a.

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The landscape of world migration involves multiple interacting movements of people at various geographic scales, posing significant challenges to the dyadic-independence assumption underlying standard migration models. To account for emerging patterns of multilateral migration relationships, we represent world migration as a time-evolving, spatial network. The nodes in the World Migration Network (WMN) are countries located in geographic space, and the edges represent migratory movements for each decade from 1960-2000. In the first part of the thesis, we characterise the spatial network structure of the WMN, with a particular focus on detecting and mapping mesoscopic structures called 'communities' (i.e., sets of countries with denser migration connections internally than to the rest of the WMN). We employ a method for community detection that simultaneously accounts for multilateral migration, spatial constraints, time-dependence, and directionality in the WMN. We then introduce an approach for characterising local (intracommunity) and global (intercommunity) connectivity in the WMN. On this basis, we define a threefold typology that distinguishes 'cave', 'bi-regional', and 'bridging' communities. These are characterised with distinct migration patterns, spatial network structures, and temporal dynamics: cave communities are tightly-knit enduring structures that channel local migration between contiguous countries; bi-regional communities merge migration between two distinct geographic regions; bridging communities have hub-and-spoke dynamic structures that emerge from globe-spanning movements. Our results suggest that the WMN is neither a globally interconnected network nor reproducing geographic boundaries but involves heterogeneous patterns of global and local ('glocal') migration connectivity. We examine a set of relational, homophily, and spatial mechanisms that could have possibly generated the 'glocal' structure we observe. We found that communities of different types arise from significantly different mechanisms. Our results suggest that migration communities can have important implications for world migration, as different types of community structure provide distinct opportunities and constraints, thereby distinctively shaping future migration patterns.
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Tangen, Alyssa. "The Impacts of Expected Structural Changes in Demand for Agricultural Commodities in China and India on World Agriculture." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29866.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in import and export demand in China and India on the United States and global agriculture in 2018. A spatial equilibrium model is developed to optimize production and trade in China, India, and other major importing and exporting regions in the world. This research focuses on four primary crops: wheat, com, rice and soybeans. In the model China and India are divided into 31 and 14 producing and consuming regions, respectively. The model also includes five exporting countries and ten importing countries/regions. The results indicate that India will be able to stay largely self-sufficient in 2018 and China will increase its soybean and com imports to meet rising domestic demand. The research also gives perspectives on production and trade in the United States and other major exporting and importing countries.
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Goto, Isao. "Word Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation via Modeling Structural Differences between Languages." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189374.

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2015-05-27に本文を差替
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(情報学)
甲第18481号
情博第532号
新制||情||94(附属図書館)
31359
京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻
(主査)教授 黒橋 禎夫, 教授 田中 克己, 教授 河原 達也
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Jowsey, Allan. "Fire imposed heat fluxes for structural analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1480.

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The last two decades have seen new insights, data and analytical methods to establish the behaviour of structures in fire. These methods have slowly migrated into practice and now form the basis for modern quantitative structural fire engineering. This study presents a novel methodology for determining the imposed heat fluxes on structural members. To properly characterise the temperature rise of the structural elements, a post-processing model for computational fluid dynamics tools was developed to establish the heat fluxes imposed on all surfaces by a fire. This model acts as a tool for any computational fluid dynamics model and works on the basis of well resolved local gas conditions. Analysis of the smoke layer and products of combustion allow for heat fluxes to be defined based on smoke absorption coefficients and temperatures. These heat fluxes are defined at all points on the structure by considering full spatial and temporal distributions. Furthermore, heat fluxes are defined by considering directionality and both characteristic length and time scales in fires. Length scales are evaluated for different structural member geometries, while time scales are evaluated for different structural materials including applied fire protection. It is the output given by this model that provides the input for the thermal analysis of the structural members that is a necessary step prior to the structural analysis to be undertaken. The model is validated against the experimental results of the previously mentioned large scale fire tests, showing good agreement. In addition, comparisons are made to current methods to highlight their potential inadequacies.
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Berger, Nicholas. "Modelling structural and policy changes in the world wine market into the 21st century." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ECM/09ecmb496.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references. Addresses the question of what an economic model of the world wine market suggests will happen to wine production, consumption, trade and prices in various regions in the early 21st century. A subsidiary issue is what difference would global or European regional wine liberalisation make to that outlook, according to such a model. Accompanying CD-ROM comprises spreadsheet written by Nick Berger, November 2000, for the Windows and Office97 versions of Excel; a seven region world wine model (WWM7) - base version projecting the world wine market 1996-2005 as a non-linear Armington model. System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: IBM compatible computer ; Microsoft Excel 97 or later.
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Nusair, Khaldoon A. "A model of commitment in B-to-C travel context a structural equation modeling /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180541376.

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Books on the topic "Structured World Model"

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Bailey, Kenneth W. A structural econometric model of the world wheat market. Washington, DC (1301 New York Ave., NW, Washington 2005-4788): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Kelsey, Jane. The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment? Auckland, N.Z: Auckland Univeristy Press, 1995.

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Kelsey, Jane. The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment? Auckland, N.Z: Auckland Univeristy Press, 1997.

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The logos-structure of the world: Language as a model of reality. Hudson, NY: Lindisfarne Press, 1992.

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Grassini, Maurizio, and Rossella Bardazzi, eds. Structural changes, international trade and multisectoral modelling. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-740-9.

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In September 2007 the national team members of the International Inforum (Interindustry Forecasting Project at the University of Maryland) group held the XV annual World Conference in Truijllo, Spain. Such Conferences offer the participants to report their achievements in the different fields concerning the macroeconomic multisectoral modeling approach and data development. The national partners build their country model based on a common input-output accounting structure and a similar econometric modeling approach for sectoral and macroeconomic variables. In each Conference, the contributions refer to the wide spectrum of research activities carried on within the Inforum system of models.
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Ramanujam, Prathap. Commodity prices, financial markets and world income: A structural rational expectations model. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1989.

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Pool, Ithiel de Sola, 1917-, Milgram Stanley, Newcomb Theodore, and Kochen Manfred, eds. The Small world. Norwood, N.J: Ablex Pub., 1989.

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Popadyuk, Tat'yana, Irina Smirnova, Nataliya Linder, Arkadiy Trachuk, Gayk Nalbandyan, Anastasiya Karikova, Aleksandra Pogosyan, et al. Innovations and modern business models. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1876532.

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The textbook gives a general idea of innovations and modern business models. The concept and role of innovations in the modern world are considered, including the theory of innovations and their classification, the structure and dynamics of the innovation process; the concept of a business model, types of business models, as well as the development of business modeling in the digital economy are highlighted. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training "Management".
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Style and Structure: Lego® building instructions for world landmarks. Place of publication not identified]: Brick Books Limited, 2015.

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Nagib, Lúcia. Realist Cinema as World Cinema. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462987517.

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This book presents the bold and original proposal to replace the general appellation of ‘world cinema’ with the more substantive concept of ‘realist cinema’. Veering away from the usual focus on modes of reception and spectatorship, it locates instead cinematic realism in the way films are made. The volume is structured across three innovative categories of realist modes of production: ‘noncinema’, or a cinema that aspires to be life itself; ‘intermedial passages’, or films that incorporate other artforms as a channel to historical and political reality; and ‘total cinema’, or films moved by a totalising impulse, be it towards the total artwork, total history or universalising landscapes. Though mostly devoted to recent productions, each part starts with the analysis of foundational classics, which have paved the way for future realist endeavours, proving that realism is timeless and inherent in cinema from its origin.
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Book chapters on the topic "Structured World Model"

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Næss, Hans Erik, and Anne Tjønndal. "The Case of Formula E." In Innovation, Sustainability and Management in Motorsports, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74221-8_1.

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AbstractCalls for research and practices with regard to sport management innovation are plenty. In this chapter we introduce why the electric racing world championship Formula E can be a relevant case study for a model of sport management innovation. Besides introducing our fivefold perspective on innovation (organizational, technological, commercial, social and community-based), the basics of Formula E and our approach to theoretical modelling, the chapter explains how the rest of the book is structured.
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Abrahamsson, Hans. "An Analytical Model for Action." In Understanding World Order and Structural Change, 96–111. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403944054_6.

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Hritonenko, Natali, and Yuri Yatsenko. "Models of World Dynamics: Structure And Results." In Applied Optimization, 151–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9733-3_11.

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Heuts, Gijs, and Ieke Moerdijk. "Mapping Spaces and Bousfield Localizations." In Simplicial and Dendroidal Homotopy Theory, 453–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10447-3_11.

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AbstractRecall from Section 8.3 that a left Bousfield localization of a model category ε is a different model structure on the same category with more weak equivalences, but the same cofibrations. We have seen several examples of these already, such as the Kan–Quillen model structure as a localization of the categorical model structure on simplicial sets, as well as the various model structures on the category of dendroidal sets. In the next chapter, it will be necessary to have a general method of constructing such localizations, starting only from a ‘basic’ model structure and a set of morphisms which one would like to make weak equivalences. We will establish the technique to do so in this chapter.
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Lahav, Ofer. "Observational Tests for the Cosmological Principle and World Models." In Structure Formation in the Universe, 131–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0540-1_7.

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García Portilla, Jason. "Case Selection Criteria, Methods, and Data Treatment." In “Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”, 259–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_17.

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AbstractThis chapter examines the criteria for selecting the cases analysed in this study. It explains the application of critical discourse analysis (CDA) as its principal empirical method. It discusses CDA methods and data treatment as well as the empirical analysis of CDA results. Finally, it compares and summarises the case selection criteria.Four countries were compared: Switzerland, Uruguay, Cuba, and Colombia. These cases are also linked to the correlated variables in the quantitative model and to the sufficient conditions in the QCA. Cases were selected based on the “extreme case method”.Each of the selected countries serves as a proxy of a larger group of countries (Latin American Strong Catholic, Secular, Communism, Protestant or mixed Old World.).Critical discourse analysis (CDA) and religion constitute the qualitative method (micro-component). Sixty semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using memos and open coding.
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Buchert, T. "Analytical Models for Large-Scale Structure in the Universe." In The World of Galaxies, 473–76. New York, NY: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_72.

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Krishnamurty, K. "Inflation and Growth: Some Experiments on a Model for India." In Structural Change, Economic Interdependence and World Development, 305–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18840-6_22.

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Dasgupta, Ratan. "Unbounded Growth Model for Word Frequencies in Political Transition." In Growth Curve and Structural Equation Modeling, 209–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17329-0_12.

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Zhou, Kai, Karthik Mahesh Varadarajan, Michael Zillich, and Markus Vincze. "Multi-modal Manhattan World Structure Estimation for Domestic Robots." In Cognitive Systems Monographs, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43859-6_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structured World Model"

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Guimin Huang, Ya Zhou, and Yanchun Zhang. "A Small World Routing Model for Structured P2P Systems." In 2008 International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering (ISISE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isise.2008.332.

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Jia, Yiling, Nipun Batra, Hongning Wang, and Kamin Whitehouse. "A Tree-Structured Neural Network Model for Household Energy Breakdown." In The World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313405.

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Togai, Kazuhide, Zhenchun Xia, and Hiroki Yamaura. "A Layer Structured Model Based Diagnosis: Application to a Gear Box System." In SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0753.

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Dapeng Zhang, Aiguo Wu, and Zhiling Lin. "Optimization of fed-batch fermentation process based on structured model." In 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2008.4593173.

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Haihua Cui, Ning Dai, Wenhe Liao, and Xiaosheng Cheng. "An accurate reconstruction model using structured light of 3-D computer vision." In 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2008.4593757.

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Pengyuan Zheng, Yugeng Xi, and Dewei Li. "Robust model predictive control approach to time-delay systems with structured uncertainty." In 2010 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2010.5554652.

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Yang, Xiaoyu, Yuefei Lyu, Tian Tian, Yifei Liu, Yudong Liu, and Xi Zhang. "Rumor Detection on Social Media with Graph Structured Adversarial Learning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/197.

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The wide spread of rumors on social media has caused tremendous effects in both the online and offline world. In addition to text information, recent detection methods began to exploit the graph structure in the propagation network. However, without a rigorous design, rumors may evade such graph models using various camouflage strategies by perturbing the structured data. Our focus in this work is to develop a robust graph-based detector to identify rumors on social media from an adversarial perspective. We first build a heterogeneous information network to model the rich information among users, posts, and user comments for detection. We then propose a graph adversarial learning framework, where the attacker tries to dynamically add intentional perturbations on the graph structure to fool the detector, while the detector would learn more distinctive structure features to resist such perturbations. In this way, our model would be enhanced in both robustness and generalization. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our model achieves better results than the state-of-the-art methods.
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Steffen, Lennart, Finn Amann, and Reinhard Hinkelmann. "Performance Improvement Strategies For An Fvm-Based Shallow Water Flow Model On 2d Structured Grids." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022753.

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Eranga, BAI, KATO Ranadew, AP Rathnasinghe, and PAD Rajini. "Lean iceberg model for post disaster reconstruction projects." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.50.

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Post Disaster Reconstruction (PDR) projects are currently facing many issues. The highly demanding construction process of PDR projects that involves a number of different and well-coordinated courses of action can be simplified through integrating lean construction. Hence, Lean Iceberg Model (LIM) implementation for PDR projects will eventually minimise the issues in PDR projects. However, there is lack of research on implementation of lean construction to PDR projects. Therefore, this study aims to develop a framework to minimise PDR issues through LIM. This research adopted interpretivism stance and uses the qualitative survey strategy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten experts, selected based on purposive sampling. The code-based content analysis was used to data analysis, which was supported by NVivo12. The findings of the study revealed that lack of quality, lack of budget and delays as the main issues in PDR projects. The essential part, therefore, was to identify invisible elements which were most of the times neglected rather than the visible elements of LIM. Finally, a framework was developed by systematically mapping the identified PDR issues for both visible and invisible elements of the LIM. In addition, the "LIM for PDR" mobile application has been developed as part of the framework which deals with educating and guiding users on a successful implementation of lean in a PDR project through LIM. The results of this research contribute to overcome the PDR issues which can be derived from the LIM. Hence, industry practitioners can use the outcomes to successfully implement lean in PDR projects.
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Jayarathne, G. H. T. D., and N. De Silva. "Developing a decision-making model for selecting smart retrofits." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.28.

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The world is now experiencing a large environmental crisis, particularly buildings contributing significantly to the problem. Hence, building energy demand has been continuously growing in parallel with the rise in occupant energy demand. Smart retrofitting has been highlighted as one of the most effective ways to reduce energy consumption. However, the selection of suitable smart retrofits (SRs) has become a challenging task, from a range of SRs. A qualitative research approach was used in this research to identify relating to smart retrofits (SRs) for office buildings and establish governing factors for their selection. Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted to collect data related to SRs techniques, and content analysis was carried out to establish governing factors for selection of each SR. Out of 18 identified SRs from literature, fan cycling, ventilation control, and LED luminaires are the most implemented retrofit technique during the operational stage of the office buildings in Sri Lanka. Further, fan cycling, and ventilation controls were identified as commonly used types. Those findings were used to develop the decision-making model. Although SRs implementation is a comprehensive process, the recognized governing factors can be used to select suitable forms and features of SRs based on proposed decision-making model. This research further establishes metrics to benchmark the performance of SRs. The proposed model and the metrics could be valuable tools for building owners and facility managers to optimize facility operations.
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Reports on the topic "Structured World Model"

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Economou, Andreas, Paolo Agnolucci, Bassam Fattouh, and Vincenzo De Lipis. A structural model of the world oil market. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781784670979.

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Faschan, William J., and Richard B. Garlock. Reference structural models and baseline performance analysis of the World Trade Center towers. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ncstar.1-2a.

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Felix, Meier, Wilfried Rickels, Christian Traeger, and Martin Quaas. Working paper published on NETs in strategically interacting regions based on simulation and analysis in an extended ACE model. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d1.5.

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Net-zero climate policies foresee deployment of atmospheric carbon dioxide removal wit geological, terrestrial, or marine carbon storage. While terrestrial and geological storage would be governed under the framework of national property rights, marine storage implies that carbon is transferred from one global common, the atmosphere, to another global common, the ocean, in particular if storage exceeds beyond coastal applications. This paper investigates the option of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and storage in different (marine) reservoir types in an analytic climate-economy model, and derives implications for optimal mitigation efforts and CDR deployment. We show that the introduction of CDR lowers net energy input and net emissions over the entire time path. Furthermore, CDR affects the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) via changes in total economic output but leaves the analytic structure of the SCC unchanged. In the first years after CDR becomes available the SCC is lower and in later years it is higher compared to a standard climate-economy model. Carbon dioxide emissions are first higher and then lower relative to a world without CDR. The paper provides the basis for the analysis of decentralized and potentially non-cooperative CDR policies.
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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton, and Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.
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Mendoza, Waldo, Marco Vega, Carlos Rojas, and Yuliño Anastacio. Fiscal Rules and Public Investment: The Case of Peru, 2000-2019. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003018.

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This article has three goals. First, it describes the genesis of fiscal rules in Peru and its degree of compliance. Second, it estimates the effect of fiscal rules adoption on public investment. Last, it analyzes the impact of alternative fiscal rules on public investment and public debt sustainability. Our main results are as follows. First, the implementation of fiscal rules in the year 2000 caused a 60 to 80 percent fall in public investment relative to several counterfactuals. Second, our DSGE model suggests a Structural Fiscal Rule would have increased the consumers welfare in the period 2000-2019 more than other fiscal designs. This rule reduces the procyclicality of public investment under commodity price shocks and macroeconomic volatility under world interest rate shocks. Third, a Structural Fiscal Rule has the lowest probability of exceeding the current public debt limit (30 percent of GDP), although there is a trade-off between investment-friendly rules and fiscal sustainability issues. Nevertheless, our quantitative results are limited to short spans of analysis. With a long-run perspective, we may say that fiscal rulesdespite constant modifications and recurring non-compliancehave fulfilled their original and most important goal of achieving the consolidation of public finances.
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McKinnon, Mark, Daniel Madryzkowksi, and Craig Weinschenk. Development of a Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Investigation Analysis - Materials and Methods. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/zmpa6638.

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Meetings with the majority of the Technical Panel for the Development of an Interactive Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Modeling project were held on June 29 and June 30, 2020. The major subjects of discussion included the list of proposed materials to be tested and characterized, the properties for the database, and the experimental and analytical methods to determine the properties for the database. A list of 101 materials divided into 11 categories were identified for inclusion in the database. The topics of variability in materials and aging of products and furniture items was discussed and it was concluded that investigating these variations is outside the scope of the project in this phase. The list of properties to be stored in the database for each material as well as proposed experimental methods to determine each property were discussed in the Technical Panel meetings. The discussion emphasized that the priorities for the properties represented in the database are dependent on the expected users for the database. Three potential user groups and the sets of properties that each group would likely require were identified. To ensure that the data contained in the database is useful for modeling, it was determined that prioritization would be given to complete sets of properties to be measured and stored in the database. Over the course of the two meetings, several tools were proposed to make the database easier for model practitioners to use. Once such tool included functionality to output lines of code for the models or entire model input files to simplify the process of inserting the properties into computa- tional fire models. Another tool that was discussed would involve automatically extracting derived properties from data sets or translating between complex and simple representations of burning. The next phase of the project includes conducting research to finalize the structure of the database and finalizing experimental procedures and protocols to populate the database.
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Ervin, Kelly, Karl Smink, Bryan Vu, and Jonathan Boone. Ship Simulator of the Future in virtual reality. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45502.

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The Army’s modernization priorities include the development of augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR) simulations for enabling the regiment and increasing soldier readiness. The use of AR/VR technology at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is also growing in the realm of military and civil works program missions. The ERDC Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) has developed a ship simulator to evaluate bay channels across the world; however, the current simulator has little to no physical realism in nearshore coastal regions (Figure 1). Thus, the ERDC team is researching opportunities to advance ship simulation to deliver the Ship Simulator of the Future (SSoF). The SSoF will be equipped with a VR mode and will more accurately resolve nearshore wave phenomena by ingesting precalculated output from a Boussinesq-type wave model. This initial prototype of the SSoF application is intended for research and development purposes; however, the technologies employed will be applicable to other disciplines and project scopes, including the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) and ship and coastal structure design in future versions.
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Verbrugge, Randal J., and Saeed Zaman. Post-COVID Inflation Dynamics: Higher for Longer. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202306.

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In the December 2022 Summary of Economic Projections (SEP), the median projection for four-quarter core PCE inflation in the fourth quarter of 2025 is 2.1 percent. This same SEP has unemployment rising by nine-tenths, to 4.6 percent, by the end of 2023. We assess the plausibility of this projection using a specific nonlinear model that embeds an empirically successful nonlinear Phillips curve specification into a structural model, identifying it via an underutilized data-dependent method. We model core PCE inflation using three components that align with those noted by Chair Powell in his December 14, 2022, press conference: housing, core goods, and core-services-less-housing. Our model projects that conditional on the SEP unemployment rate path and a rapid deceleration of core goods prices, core PCE inflation moderates to only 2.75 percent by the end of 2025: inflation will be higher for longer. A deep recession would be necessary to achieve the SEP’s projected inflation path. A simple reduced-form welfare analysis, which abstracts from any danger of inflation expectations becoming unanchored, suggests that such a recession would not be optimal.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Nelson, Nathan, and Charles F. Yocum. Structure, Function and Utilization of Plant Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699846.bard.

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Light capturing and energy conversion by PSI is one of the most fundamental processes in nature. In the heart of these adaptations stand PSI, PSII and their light harvesting antenna complexes. The main goal of this grant proposal was to obtain by X-ray crystallography information on the structure of plant photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes. We achieved several milestones along this line but as yet, like several strong laboratories around the world, we have no crystal structure of plant PSII. We have redesigned the purification and crystallization procedures and recently solved the crystal structure of the PSI supercomplex at 3.3 Å resolution. Even though this advance in resolution appears to be relatively small, we obtained a significantly improved model of the supercomplex. The work was published in J. Biol. Chem. (Amunts et al., 2010). The improved electron density map yielded identification and tracing of the PsaK subunit. The location of an additional 10 ß-carotenes, as well as 5 chlorophylls and several loop regions that were previously uninterruptable have been modeled. This represents the most complete plant PSI structure obtained thus far, revealing the locations of and interactions among 17 protein subunits and 193 non-covalently bound photochemical cofactors. We have continued extensive experimental efforts to improve the structure of plant PSI and to obtain PSII preparation amenable to crystallization. Most of our efforts were devoted to obtain well-defined subcomplexes of plant PSII preparations that are amenable to crystallization. We studied the apparent paradox of the high sensitivity of oxygen evolution of isolated thylakoids while BBY particles exhibit remarkable resilience to the same treatment. The integrity of the photosystem II (PSII) extrinsic protein complement as well as calcium effects arise from the Ca2+ atom associated with the site of photosynthetic water oxidation were investigated. This work provides deeper insights into the interaction of PsbO with PSII. Sight-directed mutagenesis indicated the location of critical sites involved in the stability of the water oxidation reaction. When combined with previous results, the data lead to a more detailed model for PsbO binding in eukaryotic PSII.
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