Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structured validity

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Academic literature on the topic 'Structured validity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Structured validity"

Holden, Ronald R., and G. Cynthia Fekken. "Structured psychopathological test item characteristics and validity." Psychological Assessment 2, no. 1 (1990): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.2.1.35.

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Haas, Ann Pollinger, Herbert Hendin, and Paul Singer. "Psychodynamic and structured interviewing: Issues of validity." Comprehensive Psychiatry 28, no. 1 (January 1987): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-440x(87)90043-5.

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Jensen, D. R. "Structured dispersion and validity in linear inference." Linear Algebra and its Applications 249, no. 1-3 (December 1996): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(95)00354-1.

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Holden, Ronald R., G. Cynthia Fekken, and Douglas N. Jackson. "Structured personality test item characteristics and validity." Journal of Research in Personality 19, no. 4 (December 1985): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90007-8.

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Köse Çinar, Rugül, and Søren Dinesen Østergaard. "Validation of the semi-structured Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) interview." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 30, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2017.15.

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ObjectiveRecently, a semi-structured interview dedicated to aid rating on the Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) was developed. Here, we aimed to validate PDAS ratings collected via this semi-structured interview.MethodsA total of 50 patients with psychotic depression – 34 with unipolar psychotic depression and 16 with bipolar psychotic depression – were recruited for the study. The following aspects of validity were investigated: clinical validity, psychometric validity (scalability), and responsiveness.ResultsThe PDAS ratings were clinically valid (Spearman’s coefficient of correlation between PDAS total scores and Clinical Global Impressions scale – severity of illness ratings=0.66, p<0.001), scalable (Loevinger’s coefficient of heterogeneity at endpoint=0.45), and responsive (no participants met the criterion for remission on the PDAS (total score <8) at baseline – at endpoint 74% (95% CI: 60–85) of the participants met this criterion).ConclusionsThe semi-structured PDAS interview provides valid ratings of the severity of psychotic depression.

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Hecker, Simon. "Generating structured LPV-models with maximized validity region." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47, no. 3 (2014): 6901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.02461.

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Reiter, Ehud. "A Structured Review of the Validity of BLEU." Computational Linguistics 44, no. 3 (September 2018): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00322.

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The BLEU metric has been widely used in NLP for over 15 years to evaluate NLP systems, especially in machine translation and natural language generation. I present a structured review of the evidence on whether BLEU is a valid evaluation technique—in other words, whether BLEU scores correlate with real-world utility and user-satisfaction of NLP systems; this review covers 284 correlations reported in 34 papers. Overall, the evidence supports using BLEU for diagnostic evaluation of MT systems (which is what it was originally proposed for), but does not support using BLEU outside of MT, for evaluation of individual texts, or for scientific hypothesis testing.

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Walters, Laurie C., Mark R. Miller, and Malcolm James Ree. "Structured Interviews for Pilot Selection: No Incremental Validity." International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0301_2.

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Joffe, Michael. "Validity of Exposure Data Derived from a Structured Questionnaire." American Journal of Epidemiology 135, no. 5 (March 1, 1992): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116323.

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Runnacles, Jane, Libby Thomas, James Korndorffer, Sonal Arora, and Nick Sevdalis. "Validation evidence of the paediatric Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD) tool." BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 2, no. 3 (May 24, 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2015-000017.

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IntroductionDebriefing is essential to maximise the simulation-based learning experience, but until recently, there was little guidance on an effective paediatric debriefing. A debriefing assessment tool, Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD), has been developed to measure the quality of feedback in paediatric simulation debriefings. This study gathers and evaluates the validity evidence of OSAD with reference to the contemporary hypothesis-driven approach to validity.MethodsExpert input on the paediatric OSAD tool from 10 paediatric simulation facilitators provided validity evidence based on content and feasibility (phase 1). Evidence for internal structure validity was sought by examining reliability of scores from video ratings of 35 postsimulation debriefings; and evidence for validity based on relationship to other variables was sought by comparing results with trainee ratings of the same debriefings (phase 2).ResultsSimulation experts’ scores were significantly positive regarding the content of OSAD and its instructions. OSAD's feasibility was demonstrated with positive comments regarding clarity and application. Inter-rater reliability was demonstrated with intraclass correlations above 0.45 for 6 of the 7 dimensions of OSAD. The internal consistency of OSAD (Cronbach α) was 0.78. Pearson correlation of trainee total score with OSAD total score was 0.82 (p<0.001) demonstrating validity evidence based on relationships to other variables.ConclusionThe paediatric OSAD tool provides a structured approach to debriefing, which is evidence-based, has multiple sources of validity evidence and is relevant to end-users. OSAD may be used to improve the quality of debriefing after paediatric simulations.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structured validity"

Levine, Anne B. "The Structured Employment Interview: An Examination of Construct and Criterion Validity." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2288.

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This study extends the literature on interview validity by attempting to create a structured employment interview with both construct- and criterion-related validity. For this study, a situational interview was developed with the specific purpose of enhancing the interview's construct validity while retaining the interview's predictive power. To enhance the construct validity, two guidelines were applied to the creation of the interview based on previous research in interview and assessment center literature limit the number of applicant characteristics to be rated to 3; and (2) ensure that the dimensions to be measured are conceptually distinct. Based on these two guidelines, three constructs were chosen for assessment of real estate sales agents extraversion, proactive personality and customer orientation. The critical incident technique was used to develop six interview items. To test the construct validity of the interview, the six items were correlated with other measures, specifically, self-report questionnaires and managers' ratings, of extraversion, proactivity and customer orientation. Correlations were weak, at best (rs ranged from -.06 to .25). To test the predictive validity of the interview, the six items were correlated with both objective and subjective measures of performance. Predictive validities were stronger, ranging from .23 to .30. These findings are consistent with previous research on employment interviews which have found that although the predictive validity of the interview is strong, the construct validity is very weak, leaving researchers to wonder what it is that the interview is actually measuring. Possible explanations for these findings are offered, and the implications of these findings are discussed.

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Roberts, Kirsten Colleen. "A validity and reliability study of the objective structured clinical examination /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7727.

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Vaughn, Aaron. "The Incremental Utility of Behavioral Rating Scales and a Structured Diagnostic Interview in the Assessment of ADHD." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/235.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Currently, clinicians typically utilize a multi-method assessment battery focusing on identifying the core symptoms of ADHD. Further, current recommendations for a comprehensive assessment of ADHD require a lengthy and costly evaluation protocol despite a lack of evidence supporting the incremental utility of each method. Assessment strategies exhibiting the strongest evidence of reliability and validity include symptom-based rating scales, empirically-derived rating scales, and structured diagnostic interviews (Pelham, Fabiano, & Massetti, 2005), yet, their review provided limited empirical support for this conclusion. Nonetheless, other reviews have noted the lack of research examining whether each procedure and/or method adds unique information to a diagnosis of ADHD (Johnston & Murray, 2003). In order to fill this gap in the literature, the current study examined the independent and incremental utility of multiple methods and informants in a comprehensive, “gold standard” assessment of ADHD. The sample include 185 children with ADHD (Mage =9.22, SD=.95) and 82 children without ADHD (Mage =9.24, SD=.88). Logistic regressions were used to examine the incremental contribution of each method in the prediction of consensus diagnoses derived by two Ph.D. level experts in the field of ADHD following a review of comprehensive assessment data. This study also examined the clinical utility and efficiency of diagnostic algorithms using the methods demonstrating the greatest statistical association with a diagnosis of ADHD. Finding provided an empirical support for arguments espousing the redundancy of information in a comprehensive assessment. Namely, information collected from a structured diagnostic interview was unable to significantly improve a prediction model including parent and teacher ratings (Block X2-= .91 = .64). Importantly, parent and teacher ratings on a symptom-based scale alone were able to correctly classify 265 of 267 participants. Based on these results, a diagnostic algorithm that was derived utilizing only behavioral rating scales was able to classify correctly all 267 participants. Clinical implications are highlighted and future research directions are discussed.

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Chen, Danxia. "Eastern Work Ethic: Structural Validity, Measurement Invariance, and Generational Differences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500082/.

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This present study examined the structural validity of a Chinese version of Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP-C), using a large sample of Chinese parents and their young adult children (N = 1047). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to evaluate the model fit of sample data on three competing models using two randomly split stratified subsamples. Measurement invariance for these two generational respondents was checked using differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. The results indicated that MWEP-C provided a reasonable fit for the sample data and the majority of survey items produced similar item-level responses for individuals that do not differ on the attributes of work ethic across these two generations. DIF items were detected based on advanced and successive iterations. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted for creating threshold values and for chi-square probabilities based on 1,000 replications. After identifying the DIF items, model fit improved and generational differences and similarities in work ethic between parents and their young adult children were also identified. The results suggested that the younger Chinese generations have higher work ethic mean scores on the dimensions of work centrality and morality/ethics while they have similarities on time concept, self-reliance, delay of gratification, and hard work as their parents.

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Zhang, Don C. "Using Icon Array as a Visual Aid for Communicating Validity Information." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1459517352.

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Jasman, Anne M. "Teacher-based assessments : a study of development, validity and reliability of teachers' assessments and associated structured activities devised to assess aspects of the primary curriculum for age range 8-12 years." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7640.

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This thesis reports the findings of research carried out as part of the programme: Observational research and classroom learning evaluation, based at Leicester University and the subsequent development and evaluation of in-service activities as part of a B.Ed. (Hons) in-service programme. The study addresses the following questions relating to the development of new forms of assessment. a) Can valid and reliable assessments of the performance of pupils be made in areas of the curriculum which are not amenable to measurement by standardised tests, by the provision of criteria for assessment in terms of observable pupil behaviours and structures classroom activities in which to observe these behaviours? b) Do teachers make valid and reliable assessments of pupil performance in areas of the curriculum not amenable to measurement by standardised tests? c) If teachers are unable to make valid and reliable assessments of pupils what are the factors contributing to their judgements of pupil performance in such areas? d) What is the relationship between pupil performance in those areas of the curriculum not assessed by standardised tests and other pupil characteristics such as age, sex, social class, attainment in basic skills, pupil type and teaching style? e) Does in-service education affect the quality of teachers’ assessments by the provision of appropriate information skills to facilitate assessment of pupil performance in areas other than those tested by standardised achievement tests? The results of the study indicate that the structured activities provided reasonably valid measures of pupil performance on study skills dimensions of questioning, sequencing, comprehension, originality and appropriateness. However, teachers’ assessments were found to be subject to a number of sources of invalidity. Pupil performance was also found to vary by sex and age on aspects of the structured activities and teaching style influences were noted. The study of in-service provision raised questions regarding the processes and outcomes of teacher professional learning in the current climate of accountability and advocacy of teacher self-evaluation.

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Harper-Sciarini, Michelle. "Investigating the Reliability and Validity of Knowledge Structure Evaluations: The Influence of Rater Error and Rater Limitation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3312.

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The likelihood of conducting safe operations increases when operators ave effectively integrated their knowledge of the operation into meaningful relationships, referred to as knowledge structures (KSs). Unlike knowing isolated facts about an operation, well integrated KSs reflect a deeper understanding. It is, however, only the isolated facts that are often evaluated in training environments. To know whether an operator has formed well integrated KSs, KS evaluation methods must be employed. Many of these methods, however, require subjective, human-rated evaluations. These ratings are often prone to the negative influence of a rater's limitations such as rater biases and cognitive limitations; therefore, the extent to which KS evaluations are beneficial is dependent on the degree to which the rater's limitations can be mitigated. The main objective of this study was to identify factors that will mitigate rater limitations and test their influence on the reliability and validity of KS evaluations. These factors were identified through the delineation of a framework that represents how a rater's limitations will influence the cognitive processes that occur during the evaluation process. From this framework, one factor (i.e., operation knowledge), and three mitigation techniques (i.e., frame-of-reference training, reducing the complexity of the KSs, and providing referent material) were identified. Ninety-two participants rated the accuracy of eight KSs over a period of two days. Results indicated that reliability was higher after training. Furthermore, several interactions indicated that the benefits of domain knowledge, referent material, and reduced complexity existed within subsets of the participants. For example, reduced complexity only increased reliability among evaluators with less knowledge of the operation. Also, referent material increased reliability only for those who scored less complex KSs. Both the practical and theoretical implications of these results are provided.
Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD

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Hoskins, Matt C. "Structural-Symbolic Translation Fluency: Reliability, Validity, and Usability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3012.

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Standardized formative mathematics assessments typically fail to capture the depth of current standards and curricula. Consequently, these assessments demonstrate limited utility for informing the instructional implementation choices of teachers. This problem is particularly salient as it relates to the mathematical problem solving process. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Structural-Symbolic Translation Fluency, a curriculum-based measure (CBM) of mathematical problem solving. The development of the assessment was based on previous research describing the cognitive process of translation (Mayer, 2002) as well as mathematical concept development at the quantitative, structural, and symbolic levels (Dehaene, 2011; Faulkner, 2009; Griffin, 2004). Data on the Structural-Symbolic Translation Fluency assessment were collected from 11 mathematics and psychometrics experts and 42 second grade students during the spring of 2016. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, frequencies, Spearman-Brown correlation, joint probability of agreement, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Psychometric features of interest included internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, and criterion-related validity. Testing of the 9 research questions revealed 9 significant findings. Despite significant statistical findings, several coefficients did not meet pre-established criteria required for validation. Hypothesized modifications to improve the psychometric characteristics are suggested as the focus of future research. In addition, recommendations are made concerning the role of assessing the translation process of mathematical problem solving.

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Arikan, Serkan. "Construct Validity And Factor Structure Of Student Selection Examination Across Subgroups." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611814/index.pdf.

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In developing countries, there is a great demand for university education. In order to select students to universities a standardized test score is used. In Turkey, the Student Selection Test (SST) have important role in admission to universities. However, there is very limited knowledge about what SST mathematics sections actually measures. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the content of the mathematics subtest of the SST in line with mathematical cognitive skills and eventually provide construct related evidence for dimensionality of the test items. Within this framework, it is aimed to cross validate the mathematics subtest across gender groups, school types and two consecutive years. Also relations among mathematical abilities are investigated. This study is first in investigating what is measured by SST Mathematics sections and analyzing construct validity by testing several nested confirmatory factor models. Comparison of fit indices of five competitive models showed three-factor model has better fit indices in which Basic Computation Ability, Advanced Computation Ability and Geometry Ability is measured. It is concluded that problem solving items are not measuring a different process, but measures some sort of computation ability. There is a problem related to the content of the mathematics subtests of the SST in line with mathematical cognitive skills. Higher order cognitive skills are not measured properly. Three-factor model is tested about the invariance of the factors across gender, school types and years. It is concluded that invariant factor structure indicates that SST mathematics section is operating similarly for subgroups and years. The relations among mathematical abilities on three-factor model are investigated by item mapping and structural equation models. It is seen that Basic Computation Ability is a prerequisite to acquire Geometry Ability and Advanced Computation Ability.

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Khoo, Benjamin Cheng Choon. "Clinical and phantom-based studies of the validity and value of quantitative radiological hip structural analysis." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0189.

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[Truncated abstract] Areal bone mineral density (BMD) is measured routinely in the clinic by a quantitative radiological technique, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BMD is used widely to assess non-invasively but indirectly the mechanical fragility of bone and consequently is able to predict fracture risk. While BMD correlates well with in vitro measurements of bone strength it does not directly measure a mechanical property; half of incident minimally traumatic fractures in women occur with BMD values above the World Health Organisation defined threshold for osteoporosis. This arises partly because the mechanical strength of bone is dependent on its structural geometry and material strength as well as bone mineral mass. Essentially, bones fracture when load stresses exceed the mechanical capacity of the material to withstand them. The structural geometry (i.e., the amount of bone tissue and its complex three-dimensional arrangement within the macroscopic bone envelope) defines the stresses produced by a given load, while the intrinsic load capacity of the material is defined by the composition and microstructure of the bone tissue itself. Hip structural analysis (HSA) is a technique that elucidates the structural geometric component of bone strength; essentially combining information available from conventional DXA images of the proximal femur with a biomechanical beam model based on the stresses arising in a combination of pure bending and axial compression. A version of HSA has recently been released commercially, and has obtained US Food and Drug Administration approval for its clinical application. ... Given the acknowledged limitations of the HSA method when applied to 2-D projection images, a 3-D approach to structural geometry, using imaging modalities such as pQCT and QCT or a recently introduced version of DXA that mimics QCT, is indicated for the future. With that in mind and the possibility of the anthropometric phantom being adopted for future accuracy and precision assessments, improvements in the design of this phantom are recommended. Studies to better understand and verify Contents v the relevance of the 'local buckling' phenomenon as a structural geometric factor in the genesis of macro-fractures are also recommended. In summary, it is essential that superior (compared to BMD) non-invasively determined clinical predictors of bone fragility leading to fracture be investigated. Structural geometric variables are potential candidates. This has led to consideration of; (i) the need to progress beyond BMD for a more sensitive and specific bone strength measurement; (ii) theoretical advantages of structural geometry over BMD; (iii) limitations of the current HSA technique based on DXA, including those introduced by its restrictive assumptions; (iv) the value of HSA in longitudinal studies, exemplified by the 'normal' but rapid skeletal changes seen in human lactation, with possible implications for an analogous study of the menopause; and (v) an investigation, using a custom-designed anthropometric phantom, of the adaptation of HSA to certain emerging imaging modalities and methods able to resolve bone structural geometry in three dimensions.

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Books on the topic "Structured validity"

1950-, Draijer Nel, ed. Multiple personality disorder in the Netherlands: A study on reliability and validity of the diagnosis. Amsterdam: Swets & Zietlinger, 1993.

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Hirsch, Thomas M. Investigation of the dimensional structure of the P-ACT+. Iowa City: American College Testing Program, 1991.

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Irwin, David A. Michel Foucault's progressive politics: Validity and structure of the archaeological paradigm in the republican discourse of Fianna Fáil. s.l: The Author, 2000.

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Little, Todd D. The revised Control, Agency, and Means-Ends Interview (CAMI): A multi-cultural validity assessment using mean and covariance structures (MACS) analyses. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, 1995.

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McIlroy, Jodi Marian Herold. The effect of using an alternative method to calculate station cut scores in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). 2000.

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Murphy, Kevin R. Models and Methods for Evaluating Reliability and Validity. Edited by Susan Cartwright and Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0012.

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Tests and structured assessments are used to make inferences and decisions about individuals and groups. In personnel selection, these can range from assessments of the knowledge, skills, and abilities thought to be necessary for successful job performance to evaluations of current and past job performance. This article discusses assessments that range from paper-and-pencil tests of work-related abilities and skills to the measures based on the judgments of an interviewer or a supervisor. Many of the principles of psychometrics were first developed in the context of multi-item written tests of abilities or other enduring characteristics of individuals. In this article, the descriptions of the main models and methods of psychometrics are often framed in terms of specific characteristics of these tests (e.g., the use of multiple test items, in which all items are designed to measure the same characteristic of individuals).

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Sibbald, Debra J. Impact on the psychometric properties of an Objective Structured Clinical Exam for third year pharmacy students: Using first year students as standardized patients. 2001.

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Campbell, John. Validity and the causal structure of a disorder. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0032.

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There are two aspects to validation: one is establishing the very existence of a disorder, the other is determining how good our methods are of determining the presence of the disorder. Both aspects depend on the conception of the disorder as something with a causal structure implicating the symptoms of the disorder. The symptoms may figure in this structure as effects of a single latent variable, or as homeostatically related merely to one another, or in some more complex structure. But without some such conception of the causal structure of the disorder, we have no idea what we are about trying to validate criteria for the disorder. The problem in psychiatry is that we currently seem to be demanding that those causal structures should involve relations between psychological and physical variables; and we have no idea how to think of those relations in terms of causal processes and causal mechanisms.

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McCleary, Richard, David McDowall, and Bradley J. Bartos. External Validity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661557.003.0009.

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A threat to external validity is any factor that limits the generalizability of an observed result. Unlike all threats to statistical conclusion and internal validities and some threats to construct validity, threats to external validity cannot ordinarily be controlled by design. Nor is there any disagreement on how threats to external validity should be controlled. In most instances, it can only be controlled by replication?—across subjects, situations and time frames. This seldom happens, unfortunately, because the academic incentive structure discourages replication. The contemporary “reproducibility crisis” was spurred by a collaborative group of social scientists attempting to replicate one hundred experimental and correlational studies published in three mainstream psychology journals. Sixty percent of replications failed to reproduce the published effect. Failures to control for threats to external validity that stem from uncontrolled variations in persons, situations, and time frames, parsimosniously explain the failure rate in this replication study.

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Blanchard, Adam J. E., Catherine S. Shaffer, and Kevin S. Douglas. Decision Support Tools in the Evaluation of Risk for Violence. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.21.

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Professionals often utilize some form of structured approach (i.e., decision support tool or risk assessment instrument) when evaluating the risk of future violence and associated management needs. This chapter presents an overview of decision support tools that are used to assist professionals when conducting a violence risk assessment and that have received considerable empirical evaluation and professional uptake. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the two main approaches to evaluations of risk (actuarial and structured professional judgment) are discussed, including a review of empirical findings regarding their predictive validity. Following a summary of commonalities among the tools, this chapter provides a brief description of 10 decision support tools focusing on their applicability and purpose, content and characteristics, and available empirical research. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of several critical considerations regarding the appropriate use and selection of tools.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structured validity"

Ark, Tavinder K., Neelam Ark, and Bruno D. Zumbo. "Validation Practices of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)." In Validity and Validation in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 267–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07794-9_16.

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Peruffo, Andrea, Daniele Ahmed, and Alessandro Abate. "Automated and Formal Synthesis of Neural Barrier Certificates for Dynamical Models." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 370–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_20.

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AbstractWe introduce an automated, formal, counterexample-based approach to synthesise Barrier Certificates (BC) for the safety verification of continuous and hybrid dynamical models. The approach is underpinned by an inductive framework: this is structured as a sequential loop between a learner, which manipulates a candidate BC structured as a neural network, and a sound verifier, which either certifies the candidate’s validity or generates counter-examples to further guide the learner. We compare the approach against state-of-the-art techniques, over polynomial and non-polynomial dynamical models: the outcomes show that we can synthesise sound BCs up to two orders of magnitude faster, with in particular a stark speedup on the verification engine (up to three orders less), whilst needing a far smaller data set (up to three orders less) for the learning part. Beyond improvements over the state of the art, we further challenge the new approach on a hybrid dynamical model and on larger-dimensional models, and showcase the numerical robustness of our algorithms and codebase.

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Woods, Scott W., Barbara C. Walsh, Albert R. Powers, and Thomas H. McGlashan. "Reliability, Validity, Epidemiology, and Cultural Variation of the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms (SOPS)." In Handbook of Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome Across Cultures, 85–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17336-4_5.

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Smith, Robert B. "Validity of Four Types of States." In Social Structure and Voting in the United States, 179–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7487-1_7.

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Schuhen, Michael, and Susanne Schürkmann. "Construct Validity with Structural Equation Modelling." In International Handbook of Financial Literacy, 383–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0360-8_26.

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Achtziger, W. "Topology Optimization Subject to Design-Dependent Validity of Constraints." In Topology Optimization of Structures and Composite Continua, 177–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0910-2_13.

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DeMarree, Kenneth G., and Miranda E. Bobrowski. "Structure and Validity of Self-Concept Clarity Measures." In Self-Concept Clarity, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71547-6_1.

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Hall, Stephen R. "A Practical Methodology for Assessing the Validity of Strain Gauge Data Obtained from Advanced Composite Structures." In Composite Structures 5, 835–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1125-3_53.

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Placidi, Luca, Emilio Barchiesi, and Antonio Battista. "An Inverse Method to Get Further Analytical Solutions for a Class of Metamaterials Aimed to Validate Numerical Integrations." In Advanced Structured Materials, 193–210. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3764-1_13.

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Liu, Jian. "An Extended Validity Index for Identifying Community Structure in Networks." In Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2010, 258–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13318-3_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structured validity"

Bandringa, Henry, and Joop A. Helder. "On the Validity and Sensitivity of CFD Simulations for a Deterministic Breaking Wave Impact on a Semi Submersible." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78089.

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To assess the integrity and safety of structures offshore, prediction of run-up, green water, and impact loads needs to be made during the structure’s design. For predicting these highly non-linear phenomena, most of the offshore industry relies on detailed model testing. In the last couple of years however, CFD simulations have shown more and more promising results in predicting these events, see for instance [1]–[4]. To obtain confidence in the accuracy of CFD simulations in the challenging field of extreme wave impacts, a proper validation of such CFD tools is essential. In this paper two CFD tools are considered for the simulation of a deterministic breaking wave impact on a fixed semi submersible, resulting in flow phenomena like wave run-up, horizontal wave impact and deck impacts. Hereby, one of the CFD tools applies an unstructured gridding approach and implicit free-surface reconstruction, and uses an implicit time integration with a fixed time step. The other CFD tool explicitly reconstructs the free surface on a structured grid and integrates the free surface explicitly in time, using a variable time step. The presented simulations use a compact computational domain with wave absorbing boundary conditions and local grid refinement to reduce CPU time. Besides a typical verification and validation of the results, for one of the CFD tools a sensitivity study is performed in which the influence of small variations in the incoming breaking wave on the overall results is assessed. Such an analysis should provide the industry more insight in the to-be-expected sensitivity (and hence uncertainty) of CFD simulations for these type of applications. Experiments carried out by MARIN are used to validate all the presented simulation results.

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Song, Yan, Shuming Shi, and Jing Li. "Joint Learning Embeddings for Chinese Words and their Components via Ladder Structured Networks." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/608.

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The components, such as characters and radicals, of a Chinese word are important sources to help in capturing semantic information of the word. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, namely, ladder structured networks (LSN), which contains three layers representing word, character and radical and learns their embeddings synchronously. LSN captures not only the relations among words, but also the relations among their component characters and radicals, as well as the relations across layers. Each layer in LSN is pluggable so that any particular type of unit (word, character, radical) can be removed and the LSN is thus adjusted for particular types of inputs. In evaluating our framework, we use word similarity as the intrinsic evaluation and part-of-speech tagging and document classification as extrinsic evaluations. Experimental results confirm the validity of our approach and show superiority of our approach over previous work.

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Marx, Maximilian, Markus Krötzsch, and Veronika Thost. "Logic on MARS: Ontologies for Generalised Property Graphs." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/165.

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Graph-structured data is used to represent large information collections, called knowledge graphs, in many applications. Their exact format may vary, but they often share the concept that edges can be annotated with additional information, such as validity time or provenance information. Property Graph is a popular graph database format that also provides this feature. We give a formalisation of a generalised notion of Property Graphs, called multi-attributed relational structures (MARS), and introduce a matching knowledge representation formalism, multi-attributed predicate logic (MAPL). We analyse the expressive power of MAPL and suggest a simpler, rule-based fragment of MAPL that can be used for ontological reasoning on Property Graphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to making Property Graphs and related data structures accessible to symbolic AI.

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Opiyo, Eliab Z. "An Investigation Into How Structural Design Process Performed by Industrial Design Engineering Trainees Unfolds." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12318.

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This paper presents a study conducted to investigate how structural design process performed by industrial design engineering trainees unfolds. The focus was specifically on structural design of industrial design engineering products, a class of consumer durables designed to endure short and long term regular usage by human beings. The study consisted of a questionnaire survey and interviews, as well as observation of structural design processes. One hundred and eighty two subjects participated in the questionnaire survey. The study gave us some clues on how structural design processes proceed in real life and on how a formal method for structural design may ideally be structured. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that it is not always important to follow a strictly structured order in executing certain structural design activities. Specifically, sequential execution of the mid-way activities of materials selection, process selection and engineering analysis is somewhat impractical. A linear-cyclic structural design procedural process model is composed based on the findings of the investigation. However, since the study involved only a handful of selected structural design processes, we cannot draw out definitive conclusions regarding the applicability of the composed process model or suggest how strict the process steps must be adhered to. Further studies are needed to verify the validity of the findings of this investigation.

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Edwards, C., H. Kim, and C. Budd. "Investigation on the Validity of Topology Optimisation Methods." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1984.

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Bayona, Sofia, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Arroyo, Pilar Bayona, and Isaac Martin. "A Global Approach to the Design and Evaluation of Virtual Reality Medical Simulators." In ASME 2011 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2011-5554.

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VR Simulators are a powerful alternative to traditional educational techniques in many domains; and in particular, in surgery. Although they offer new possibilities for learning, training and assessment, they still found difficult to be accepted and integrated into hospitals. In this paper, we explain what we consider the key issues to create successful VR simulators, and we present two methodologies: the guidelines for the simulator design and the evaluation of their validity. Research on VR surgical simulators should be interdisciplinary. It involves medicine, educational psychology, computer science, and engineering. Optimal interdisciplinary communication is difficult, and most projects in surgical simulation are strongly influenced by the engineering perspective, with little or no contributions from the others. This unbalance often leads to a premature end of the project or to simulators which are less practical for surgeons. A design methodology should be used as a guide in the process of creating VR simulators. A thorough description of the problem, the simulator’s role, and an exhaustive task analysis will lead to the identification of the requirements. For the technical implementation, decisions will be taken related to the hardware interface and the interaction that users will have with the virtual world; which will determine collision detection and response algorithms, and the behaviour of the 3D models. In addition to the technical testing, it is necessary to prove the validity of the simulator and design procedures to measure the user performance. We explain a methodology to evaluate the validity (face, content, and criterion-related validity), reliability and transfer of skills from a VR simulator to the real environment in a structured and rigorous way. Following this methodology, an evaluation experiment involving 19 orthopaedic doctors using a VR arthroscopy simulator was carried out. Results prove face and content validities, and inform about the factors and measures that are considered important for arthroscopic surgery. In order to consolidate the research results, we encourage the establishment of an intersectorial consortium with agents from the academic, healthcare and industrial sectors to ensure the long-term sustainability of research lines, additional funding, and to guarantee that simulators, once validated, can be widely available in hospitals. This paper presents a global approach including relevant guidelines and methodologies for designing and evaluating VR simulators. It can provide a solid structure for other researchers when facing those processes and contribute to the successful integration of VR simulators within the educational curriculum.

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Fu, Katherine, Joel Chan, Christian Schunn, Jonathan Cagan, and Kenneth Kotovsky. "Testing the Basis for an Automated Design-by-Analogy Tool Through Comparison to Expert Thinking." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12128.

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Our prior work presented a method for computationally structuring patent databases as a basis for an automated design-by-analogy tool. In order to examine the validity and sensibility of the prior work as the basis for a design tool, its output is compared in detail to expert designers’ mental models of the domain being structured, i.e., a set of 45 patents and their inter-relationships. The comparison sought first to gauge the intuitiveness and sensibility of the computational method of structuring to human minds, and further to ascertain whether any differences between the method’s and the experts’ structures indicate potentially novel or surprising ways of approaching the space of patents, or indicate that the output was nonsensical, invalid or needing modification in order to be useable. The results indicate that, when compared to expert thinking, the computationally generated structure is sensible in its clustering of patents and in its organization of these clusters into a structure or space. The results also suggest that the computationally-generated structure represents a version of the patent space upon which experts can find common ground and consensus — making it likely to be intuitive and accessible to a broad cohort of designers. Thus, the prior work which presented a computational method for structuring design databases has been found to offer a resource-efficient way of usefully representing the space that is sensible to expert designers, while still preserving an element of surprise and unexpectedness, making it promising as the basis for a computational design-by-analogy inspiration tool.

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Buono, Mario, Sonia Capece, and Francesca Cascone. "Industrial design for aircraft: models and usability for comfort in the cabin." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3296.

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This contribution introduces an innovative model of assessment and validity of the formal-dimensional-functional structure for passenger seats in economy class in the Aerospace industry. In fact in this field, the design, ergonomics and engineering determine unpublished cooperation scenarios where roles are inverted, merge and recur repeatedly, in order to establish progress in the different planning and subject areas, having a synergistic and proactive perspective. The research activities have been developed within the framework of there search project “IMM_Interiors with Multifunctional Materials_DAC_Distretto Aerospaziale Campania” (Campania Aerospace District), in which experts from different branches of knowledge such as designers, innovative materials engineers, mechanical engineers, biologists and technical physicists from the Second University of Naples were involved. The use of new methodological dimensions resulted in the identification of common activity protocols, which were used as foundations in the planning stage, interdisciplinary and shared. The aim was to obtain a passenger seat configuration suitable to meet the demands and needs of the greatest number of individuals, according to their specifications and through the integration of innovative technologies and materials. The impact of different cultural factors, the mixture of roles and subjects, the layering of competences and heterogeneous and contradictory operational references have contributed towards a shared narrative where knowledge and experience have established the key principles in the course of evaluation and validity (methodological-designing inclusive). This route has allowed the acquisition of interdisciplinary skills and expertise qualified to obtain tangible results from the identification of methodological and design issues useful to optimize, innovate and streng then the design process. The goal was to make the acquisition of user needs systematic, through investigation and evaluation methods aimed at translating them into a structured format noted on the design process according to the principles of good design. In particular studies and research of prior art patents and thorough investigation literature regarding the state of the art of existing seat configurations and structures were carried out. Feasibility, comfort and reliability of the existing solutions in order to analyse and evaluate each component of ergonomics, human factors (physical ergonomics), user centred design and new human factors (pleasantness of use), where characteristics and specific meanings of quality, understood as a user-seat interaction quality are preferred.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3296

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Kunnath, Sashi K., and Alfred John, Jr. "Validity of Static Procedures in Performance-Based Seismic Design." In Structures Congress 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40492(2000)37.

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Kuslits, Márton, and Dieter Bestle. "Symbolic Linearized Equations for Nonholonomic Multibody Systems With Closed-Loop Kinematics." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85823.

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Multibody systems and associated equations of motion may be distinguished in many ways: holonomic and nonholonomic, linear and nonlinear, tree-structured and closed-loop kinematics, symbolic and numeric equations of motion. The present paper deals with a symbolic derivation of nonlinear equations of motion for nonholonomic multibody systems with closed-loop kinematics, where any generalized coordinates and velocities may be used for describing their kinematics. Loop constraints are taken into account by algebraic equations and Lagrange multipliers. The paper then focuses on the derivation of the corresponding linear equations of motion by eliminating the Lagrange multipliers and applying a computationally efficient symbolic linearization procedure. As demonstration example, a vehicle model with differential steering is used where validity of the approach is shown by comparing the behavior of the linearized equations with their nonlinear counterpart via simulations.

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Reports on the topic "Structured validity"

Carey, Neil B. Factor Structure and Incremental Validity of the Enhanced Computer- Administered Tests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263894.

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Streufert, Siegfried, Rosanne M. Pogash, Mary T. Piasecki, Mary A. Repman, and Robert W. Swezey. Data Collection via a Quasi-Experimental Simulation Technology. III. Factor Structure and Validity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173913.

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Banaszak, David. Versatile Measurement Techniques to Validate Analytical Structural Mechanical Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469782.

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Rao, Rekha R., Mathias C. Celina, Nicholas Henry Giron, Kevin Nicholas Long, and Edward M. Russick. Experiments to Populate and Validate a Processing Model for Polyurethane Foam: Additional Data for Structural Foams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169443.

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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Punjabi, Maitri, Julianne Norman, Lauren Edwards, and Peter Muyingo. Using ACASI to Measure Gender-Based Violence in Ugandan Primary Schools. RTI Press, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0025.2104.

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School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains difficult to measure because of high sensitivity and response bias. However, most SRGBV measurement relies on face-to-face (FTF) survey administration, which is susceptible to increased social desirability bias. Widely used in research on sensitive topics, Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) allows subjects to respond to pre-recorded questions on a computerized device, providing respondents with privacy and confidentiality. This brief contains the findings from a large-scale study conducted in Uganda in 2019 where primary grade 3 students were randomly selected to complete surveys using either ACASI or FTF administration. The surveys covered school climate, gender attitudes, social-emotional learning, and experiences of SRGBV. Through this study, we find that although most survey responses were comparable between ACASI and FTF groups, the reporting of experiences of sexual violence differed drastically: 43% of students in the FTF group versus 77% of students in the ACASI group reported experiencing sexual violence in the past school term. We also find that factor structures are similar for data collected with ACASI compared with data collected FTF, though there is weaker evidence for construct validity for both administration modes. We conclude that ACASI is a valuable tool in measuring sensitive sub-topics of SRGBV and should be utilized over FTF administration, although further psychometric testing of these surveys is recommended.

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Deb, Robin, Paramita Mondal, and Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi. Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability—Materials Solution (Phase III). Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-023.

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Type K cement offers a lower slump than conventional concrete, even at a higher water-to-cement ratio. Therefore, a suitable chemical admixture should be added to the Type K concrete mix design at a feasible dosage to achieve and retain target slump. In this project, a compatibility study was performed for Type K concrete with commercially available water-reducing and air-entraining admixtures. Slump and air content losses were measured over a period of 60 minutes after mixing and a particular mid-range water-reducing admixture was found to retain slump effectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in admixture interaction between conventional and Type K concrete was observed. Another concern regarding the use of Type K concrete is that its higher water-to-cement ratio can potentially lead to higher permeability and durability issues. This study also explored the effectiveness of presoaked lightweight aggregates in providing extra water for Type K hydration without increasing the water-to-cement ratio. Permeability of concrete was measured to validate that the use of presoaked lightweight aggregates can lower water adsorption in Type K concrete, enhancing its durability. Extensive data analysis was performed to link the small-scale material test results with a structural test performed at Saint Louis University. A consistent relation was established in most cases, validating the effectiveness of both testing methods in understanding the performance of proposed shrinkage-mitigation strategies. Stress analysis was performed to rank the mitigation strategies. Type K incorporation is reported to be the most effective method for shrinkage-related crack mitigation among the mixes tested in this study. The second-best choice is the use of Type K in combination with either presoaked lightweight aggregates or shrinkage-reducing admixtures. All mitigation strategies tested in this work were proved to be significantly better than using no mitigation strategy.

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