Journal articles on the topic 'Structure regeneration'
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1
Calvin, James M., and Marvin K. Nakayama. "SIMULATION OF PROCESSES WITH MULTIPLE REGENERATION SEQUENCES." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 14, no. 2 (April 2000): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800142056.
Abstract:
The classical regenerative method of simulation output analysis exploits the regenerative structure of a stochastic process to break up a path into independent and identically distributed cycles based on a single sequence of regeneration times. If a process is regenerative with respect to more than one sequence of regeneration times, the classical regenerative method does not exploit the additional structure, and the variance of the resulting estimator for certain performance measures (e.g., the time-average variance constant) can vary greatly, depending on the particular regeneration sequence chosen. In a previous article, we introduced an efficiency-improvement technique for regenerative simulation of processes having two sequences of regeneration times based on permuting regenerative cycles associated with the second sequence of regeneration points. In this article, we show how to exploit more than two regeneration sequences. In particular, for birth–death Markov chains, the regenerations associated with hitting times to each state can all be exploited. We present empirical results that show significant variance reductions in some cases, and the results seem to indicate that the permuted estimator for the time-average variance constant can have a variance that is independent of the primary regeneration sequence used to run the simulation.
2
Li, Junxiao, Wei Fu, and Xiaobo Yin. "Finite Element Simulation and Construction Technology Research of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt Cold Recycling System." MATEC Web of Conferences 238 (2018): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823805010.
Abstract:
The force model of pavement structure is established. In order to investigate the force on pavement when the ratio and thickness of cold recycled pavement vary, three concrete pavement structures, material parameters and vehicle load parameters are designed. By finite element analysis, type 2 pavement structure make the cold-regenerative pavement structure anti-XY surface shear stress, anti-Z compressive stress and anti-Z deformation three aspects are kept in a reasonable range, and it is considered that the cold regenerative pavement structure type 2 is the best. Type 2 is specifically composed of 8 cm new asphalt surface layer +20 cm no stabilized soil regeneration base +20 cm stabilized soil regeneration base + original road soil base. The results of this paper can provide some reference for the actual design of emulsified asphalt cold regeneration construction process.
3
Grigoryan, Eleonora N. "Study of Natural Longlife Juvenility and Tissue Regeneration in Caudate Amphibians and Potential Application of Resulting Data in Biomedicine." Journal of Developmental Biology 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9010002.
Abstract:
The review considers the molecular, cellular, organismal, and ontogenetic properties of Urodela that exhibit the highest regenerative abilities among tetrapods. The genome specifics and the expression of genes associated with cell plasticity are analyzed. The simplification of tissue structure is shown using the examples of the sensory retina and brain in mature Urodela. Cells of these and some other tissues are ready to initiate proliferation and manifest the plasticity of their phenotype as well as the correct integration into the pre-existing or de novo forming tissue structure. Without excluding other factors that determine regeneration, the pedomorphosis and juvenile properties, identified on different levels of Urodele amphibians, are assumed to be the main explanation for their high regenerative abilities. These properties, being fundamental for tissue regeneration, have been lost by amniotes. Experiments aimed at mammalian cell rejuvenation currently use various approaches. They include, in particular, methods that use secretomes from regenerating tissues of caudate amphibians and fish for inducing regenerative responses of cells. Such an approach, along with those developed on the basis of knowledge about the molecular and genetic nature and age dependence of regeneration, may become one more step in the development of regenerative medicine
4
Zimowska, Małgorzata, Karolina Archacka, Edyta Brzoska, Joanna Bem, Areta M. Czerwinska, Iwona Grabowska, Paulina Kasprzycka, et al. "IL-4 and SDF-1 Increase Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cell Ability to Improve Rat Skeletal Muscle Regeneration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093302.
Abstract:
Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the satellite cells, which, in response to injury, activate, proliferate, and reconstruct damaged tissue. However, under certain conditions, such as large injuries or myopathies, these cells might not sufficiently support repair. Thus, other cell populations, among them adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), are tested as a tool to improve regeneration. Importantly, the pro-regenerative action of such cells could be improved by various factors. In the current study, we tested whether IL-4 and SDF-1 could improve the ability of ADSCs to support the regeneration of rat skeletal muscles. We compared their effect at properly regenerating fast-twitch EDL and poorly regenerating slow-twitch soleus. To this end, ADSCs subjected to IL-4 and SDF-1 were analyzed in vitro and also in vivo after their transplantation into injured muscles. We tested their proliferation rate, migration, expression of stem cell markers and myogenic factors, their ability to fuse with myoblasts, as well as their impact on the mass, structure and function of regenerating muscles. As a result, we showed that cytokine-pretreated ADSCs had a beneficial effect in the regeneration process. Their presence resulted in improved muscle structure and function, as well as decreased fibrosis development and a modulated immune response.
5
Green, Eric M., and Richard T. Lee. "Proteins and Small Molecules for Cellular Regenerative Medicine." Physiological Reviews 93, no. 1 (January 2013): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00005.2012.
Abstract:
Regenerative medicine seeks to understand tissue development and homeostasis and build on that knowledge to enhance regeneration of injured tissues. By replenishing lost functional tissues and cells, regenerative medicine could change the treatment paradigm for a broad range of degenerative and ischemic diseases. Multipotent cells hold promise as potential building blocks for regenerating lost tissues, but successful tissue regeneration will depend on comprehensive control of multipotent cells–differentiation into a target cell type, delivery to a desired tissue, and integration into a durable functional structure. At each step of this process, proteins and small molecules provide essential signals and, in some cases, may themselves act as effective therapies. Identifying these signals is thus a fundamental goal of regenerative medicine. In this review we discuss current progress using proteins and small molecules to regulate tissue regeneration, both in combination with cellular therapies and as monotherapy.
6
Wang, Shu Hui, Meng Xu, and Ming Guo Yu. "Effect of Rotary Partition DPF Structure on its Regeneration Characteristics with Microwave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1013.
Abstract:
The energy that traditional diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration with microwave requires in regeneration process often exceeds the capacity of the vehicle's battery, a rotary partition regenerative DPF with microwave is proposed recently, which was a annular column consisting of the fan-shaped filter units. A filtration unit microwave heating regeneration model was established aiming at this DPF, to study the regenerative properties of the filtration unit and to get influence that its shape structure plays on reproduction characteristics. The results show that: the central angle, length to diameter ratio, the ratio of inner and outer diameter of the DPF all have larger impact on the regeneration. The results can provide theoretical basis and reference for practical development of the new DPF.
7
Brunauer, Regina, and Ken Muneoka. "The Impact of Aging on Mechanisms of Mammalian Epimorphic Regeneration." Gerontology 64, no. 3 (2018): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485320.
Abstract:
Aging is associated with a significant decline of tissue repair and regeneration, ultimately resulting in tissue dysfunction, multimorbidity, and death. Salamanders possess remarkable regenerative abilities and have been studied with the prospect of inducing regeneration in humans and counteracting regenerative decline with aging. However, epimorphic regeneration, the full replacement of amputated structures, also occurs in mammals. One of the best studied models is digit tip regeneration, which is described for mice, and occurs in humans in a comparable manner. To accomplish regeneration, the amputated digit tip has to undergo three interdependent, overlapping steps: (i) wound healing without formation of a scar; (ii) formation of a blastema, a highly proliferative cell mass; and (iii) spatiotemporally regulated differentiation to generate a pattern similar to the original structure. Aging likely interferes with each of these steps. In this article, we provide an overview of the critical signaling pathways for regeneration, as revealed by investigating mammalian digit regeneration, the possible impact of aging on these pathways, and approaches to induce regeneration in the elderly. We hypothesize that with aging, increased Wnt signaling, NF-κB and tumor suppressor activity, and loss of positional information hampers regeneration. Knowledge about the impact of aging on regenerative mechanisms will enable us to safely activate endogenous regeneration in the elderly, and to generate a regeneration-permissive environment for cell therapies.
8
Fraser, Gareth J., Ariane Standing, Charlie Underwood, and Alexandre P. Thiery. "The Dental Lamina: An Essential Structure for Perpetual Tooth Regeneration in Sharks." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa102.
Abstract:
Synopsis In recent years, nonclassical models have emerged as mainstays for studies of evolutionary, developmental, and regenerative biology. Genomic advances have promoted the use of alternative taxa for the study of developmental biology, and the shark is one such emerging model vertebrate. Our research utilizes the embryonic shark (Scyliorhinus canicula) to characterize key developmental and regenerative processes that have been overlooked or not possible to study with more classic developmental models. Tooth development is a major event in the construction of the vertebrate body plan, linked in part with the emergence of jaws. Early development of the teeth and morphogenesis is well known from the murine model, but the process of tooth redevelopment and regeneration is less well known. Here we explore the role of the dental lamina in the development of a highly regenerative dentition in sharks. The shark represents a polyphyodont vertebrate with continuously repeated whole tooth regeneration. This is presented as a major developmental shift from the more derived renewal process that the murine model offers, where incisors exhibit continuous renewal and growth of the same tooth. Not only does the shark offer a study system for whole unit dental regeneration, it also represents an important model for understanding the evolutionary context of vertebrate tooth regeneration.
9
Becerra, José, José A. Andrades, Enrique Guerado, Plácido Zamora-Navas, José M. López-Puertas, and A. Hari Reddi. "Articular Cartilage: Structure and Regeneration." Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 16, no. 6 (December 2010): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0191.
10
Chaar, Ziad Y., and Catherine Tsilfidis. "Newt Opportunities for Understanding the Dedifferentiation Process." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.327.
Abstract:
Urodele amphibians, such as the newtNotophthalmus viridescens, have the unique ability to regenerate limbs, spinal cord, eye structures, and many vital organs through a process called epimorphic regeneration. Although the cellular basis of regeneration has been studied in detail, we know relatively little about the molecular controls of the process. This review provides an overview of forelimb regeneration in the newt, addressing what we know about cellular and molecular aspects. Particular focus is placed on the dedifferentiation process, which yields a population of embryonic-like pluripotent cells that will eventually reform the lost structure. This cellular plasticity seems to be the key to regenerative ability. We discuss the dedifferentiation process in newt forelimb regeneration and outline the various studies that have revealed that mammalian cells also have the ability to dedifferentiate if given the appropriate triggers.
11
Herath, H., Tomonori Kawakami, and Masamoto Tafu. "Repeated Heat Regeneration of Bone Char for Sustainable Use in Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water." Healthcare 6, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6040143.
Abstract:
The effectiveness of regenerated chicken bone char (CBC) in fluoride removal was investigated in the present study. Heat treatment was studied as the regeneration method. Results revealed that the CBC regenerated at 673 K yielded the highest fluoride adsorption capacity, hence, 673 K was the best regenerating temperature. The study continued up to five regeneration cycles at the best regenerating temperature; 673 K. The CBC accounted to 16.1 mg F/g CBC as the total adsorption capacity after five regeneration cycles. The recovery percentage of CBC reduced from 79% at the first regeneration to 4% after five regeneration cycles. The hydroxyapatite structure of CBC was not changed during the fluoride adsorption by five regeneration cycles. The ion exchange incorporated with the chemical precipitation occurred during the fluoride adsorption. The repeated regeneration of CBC is possible and it could be used as a low cost defluoridation technique to minimize the wastage of bone char.
12
Perry, Blair W., Audra L. Andrew, Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal, Daren C. Card, Drew R. Schield, Giulia I. M. Pasquesi, Mark W. Pellegrino, et al. "Multi-species comparisons of snakes identify coordinated signalling networks underlying post-feeding intestinal regeneration." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1906 (July 10, 2019): 20190910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0910.
Abstract:
Several snake species that feed infrequently in nature have evolved the ability to massively upregulate intestinal form and function with each meal. While fasting, these snakes downregulate intestinal form and function, and upon feeding restore intestinal structure and function through major increases in cell growth and proliferation, metabolism and upregulation of digestive function. Previous studies have identified changes in gene expression that underlie this regenerative growth of the python intestine, but the unique features that differentiate this extreme regenerative growth from non-regenerative post-feeding responses exhibited by snakes that feed more frequently remain unclear. Here, we leveraged variation in regenerative capacity across three snake species—two distantly related lineages ( Crotalus and Python ) that experience regenerative growth, and one ( Nerodia ) that does not—to infer molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal regeneration using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Using a comparative approach, we identify a suite of growth, stress response and DNA damage response signalling pathways with inferred activity specifically in regenerating species, and propose a hypothesis model of interactivity between these pathways that may drive regenerative intestinal growth in snakes.
13
Bachofen, Hansheinrich. "Nachhaltige Verjüngung in ungleichförmigen Beständen | Sustainable recruitment in uneven aged stands." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0002.
Abstract:
Sustainable recruitment is necessary in uneven aged and inhomogeneous forest stands (selection forests, group plenter forests, continuous cover forests) to guarantee long-lasting structure. In protection forests, an abundant tree regeneration is of utmost importance. If the regeneration rate is small, the protection function will eventually be at risk. Today, adequate methods are missing that precisely estimate self-sustaining regeneration rates. Therefore, in this study the actual state of regenerating trees was assessed in monitoring plots at various altitudes. The results can be considered as generalised ranges of sustained regeneration rates. It was found that regeneration rates in selection forests at higher altitudes were lower than in more productive forests at lower altitudes. According to theoretical considerations, mortality in youth forests is dependent on height growth. It follows that mortality of regenerating trees in less productive, balanced selection forests is smaller than in more productive ones.
14
Baranova, Juliana, Dominik Büchner, Werner Götz, Margit Schulze, and Edda Tobiasch. "Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114031.
Abstract:
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
15
Park, Yun-Jong, Seunghee Cha, and Young-Seok Park. "Regenerative Applications Using Tooth Derived Stem Cells in Other Than Tooth Regeneration: A Literature Review." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9305986.
Abstract:
Tooth derived stem cells or dental stem cells are categorized according to the location from which they are isolated and represent a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine. Originally, as one kind of mesenchymal stem cells, they are considered an alternative of bone marrow stromal cells. They share many commonalties but maintain differences. Considering their original function in development and the homeostasis of tooth structures, many applications of these cells in dentistry have aimed at tooth structure regeneration; however, the application in other than tooth structures has been attempted extensively. The availability from discarded or removed teeth can be an innate benefit as a source of autologous cells. Their origin from the neural crest results in exploitation of neurological and numerous other applications. This review briefly highlights current and future perspectives of the regenerative applications of tooth derived stem cells in areas beyond tooth regeneration.
16
Liang, Wenjun, and Xi Wei. "Factors promoting the natural regeneration of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in the Lvliang Mountains of central China." PeerJ 8 (June 17, 2020): e9339. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9339.
Abstract:
Given their complexity, targeted care and management of different areas and tree species are necessary for enhancing the natural regeneration of forests. Thus, an understanding of changes in the overstory and understory is essential for ensuring successful regeneration. Promoting the natural regeneration of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations is considered challenging; indeed, regional sustainable development through natural regeneration of many stands has often been considered unattainable. Here, we studied several plots with varying extents of regeneration to identify the most important factors that affect regeneration. The plots were divided into three forest types based on the number of regenerating plants. For each type of plot, we measured various factors that might potentially affect regeneration. Representational difference analysis was used to identify the most important factors >9% contribution). Based on these factors, multiple corrections were made to construct a structural equation model of topography, stand structure, soil properties and litter to identify the most important factors driving variation in regeneration. Positive correlations were detected between regeneration with diameter at breast height (0.21) and litter thickness (0.57). Regeneration was negatively correlated with soil (−0.54) and slope (−0.48). Additionally, the number of regenerating plants and the height of regenerating plants were strongly positively correlated. However, there was no significant relationship between regeneration and litter accumulation, stand density, altitude, average tree height, total P and total N. Overall, our study showed that key factors for promoting natural regeneration include appropriate litter thickness, strong parent trees, a gentle slope and sufficient quantities of soil nutrients. Moreover, our findings provide a reference for the design of effective management and restoration plans.
17
Ahmed-de-Prado, Sara, and Antonio Baonza. "Drosophila as a Model System to Study Cell Signaling in Organ Regeneration." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7359267.
Abstract:
Regeneration is a fascinating phenomenon that allows organisms to replace or repair damaged organs or tissues. This ability occurs to varying extents among metazoans. The rebuilding of the damaged structure depends on regenerative proliferation that must be accompanied by proper cell fate respecification and patterning. These cellular processes are regulated by the action of different signaling pathways that are activated in response to the damage. The imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster have the ability to regenerate and have been extensively used as a model system to study regeneration. Drosophila provides an opportunity to use powerful genetic tools to address fundamental problems about the genetic mechanisms involved in organ regeneration. Different studies in Drosophila have helped to elucidate the genes and signaling pathways that initiate regeneration, promote regenerative growth, and induce cell fate respecification. Here we review the signaling networks involved in regulating the variety of cellular responses that are required for discs regeneration.
18
Kattimani, Vivekanand Sabanna, Sudheer Kondaka, and Krishna Prasad Lingamaneni. "Hydroxyapatite–-Past, Present, and Future in Bone Regeneration." Bone and Tissue Regeneration Insights 7 (January 2016): BTRI.S36138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/btri.s36138.
Abstract:
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an essential element required for bone regeneration. Different forms of HA have been used for a long time. The essence of bone regeneration always revolves around the healthy underlying bone or it may be the surroundings that give enough strength. HA is well known for bone regeneration through conduction or by acting as a scaffold for filling of defects from ancient times, but emerging trends of osteoinductive property of HA are much promising for new bone regeneration. Emerging technology has made the dreams of clinicians to realize the use of HA in different forms for various regenerative purposes both in vivo and in vitro. The nanostructured calcium apatite plays an important role in the construction of calcified tissues. The nanostructured material has the ability to attach biological molecules such as proteins, which can be used as functional materials in many aspects, and the capability of synthesizing controlled structures of apatite to simulate the basic structure of bone and other calcified tissues. The process of regeneration requires a biomimetic and biocompatible nanostructured novel material. The nanostructured bioceramic particles are of interest in synthetic bone grafts and bone cements both injectable and controlled setting, so that such composites will reinforce the strength of bioceramics. Extensive research is being carried out for bone regeneration using nanotechnology. Artificial bone formation is not far from now. Nanotechnology has made many dreams come true. This paper gives comprehensive insights into the history and evolution with changing trends in the use of HA for various regenerative purposes.
19
Fu, Liwei, Zhen Yang, Cangjian Gao, Hao Li, Zhiguo Yuan, Fuxin Wang, Xiang Sui, Shuyun Liu, and Quanyi Guo. "Advances and prospects in biomimetic multilayered scaffolds for articular cartilage regeneration." Regenerative Biomaterials 7, no. 6 (September 30, 2020): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbaa042.
Abstract:
Abstract Due to the sophisticated hierarchical structure and limited reparability of articular cartilage (AC), the ideal regeneration of AC defects has been a major challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. As defects progress, they often extend from the cartilage layer to the subchondral bone and ultimately lead to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering techniques bring new hope for AC regeneration. To meet the regenerative requirements of the heterogeneous and layered structure of native AC tissue, a substantial number of multilayered biomimetic scaffolds have been studied. Ideal multilayered scaffolds should generate zone-specific functional tissue similar to native AC tissue. This review focuses on the current status of multilayered scaffolds developed for AC defect repair, including design strategies based on the degree of defect severity and the zone-specific characteristics of AC tissue, the selection and composition of biomaterials, and techniques for design and manufacturing. The challenges and future perspectives of biomimetic multilayered scaffold strategies for AC regeneration are also discussed.
20
Li, Xin, Jiankang Wang, Xiao Zhang, Xianjin Hou, Hongbo Xu, Zhongping Yao, and Zhaohua Jiang. "A High-Efficient Carbon-Coated Iron-Based Fenton-Like Catalyst with Enhanced Cycle Stability and Regenerative Performance." Catalysts 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121486.
Abstract:
Carbon coated iron-based Fenton-like catalysts are now widely studied in wastewater treatment. However, their poor stability is still a big challenge and the related regenerative performance is seldom investigated. Herein, a carbon-coated Fe3O4 on carbon cloth (cc/Fe3O4@C) was prepared with glucose as carbon source via electrodeposition and ethanol solvothermal methods. An amorphous carbon layer with polar C-groups covers the surface of Fe3O4, which presents a flaky cross-linked network structure on the carbon cloth (cc). The cc/Fe3O4@C exhibits an improved catalytic activity with nearly 84% phenol was removed within 35 min with polar C-groups. What’s more, around 80% phenol can still be degraded in 120 min after 14 degradation cycles. After the regeneration treatment, the degradation performance was restored to the level of the fresh in the first two regenerations. The enhanced cycle stability and regeneration performance of the catalyst are as follows: Firstly, the catalyst’s composition and structure were recovered; Secondly, the reduction effect of the amorphous carbon layer ensuring timely supplement of Fe2+ from Fe3+. Also, the carbon layer reduces Fe leaching during the Fenton-like process.
21
Sui, B., C. Chen, X. Kou, B. Li, K. Xuan, S. Shi, and Y. Jin. "Pulp Stem Cell–Mediated Functional Pulp Regeneration." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518808754.
Abstract:
The preservation of vital dental pulp with vasculature and nerve components remains one of the most significant challenges in modern dentistry. Due to the immense potential for neurovascularization, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has shown emerging promise in regenerative medicine and dental translational practice. Actually, pulp mesenchymal stem cells, including postnatal dental pulp stem cells (from permanent teeth) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, possess unique properties based on their origins from neural crest or glial cells. Furthermore, they reside in a neurovascular niche and have the potential for neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurovascular inductive activity. According to current pulp regeneration strategies, pulp stem cell–mediated approaches to regeneration have demonstrated convincing evidence that they can rebuild the complex histologic structure of native pulp in situ with highly organized physiologic patterns or even achieve de novo regeneration of complete dental pulp tissues. More importantly, recent clinical studies emphasized in situ neurovascularization outcomes in successful regeneration of vitalized pulp via pulp stem cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent breakthroughs in pulp stem cell–mediated pulp regeneration, emphasizing the crucial achievement of neurovascularization. This functional pulp regeneration represents an innovative and promising approach for future regenerative endodontics.
22
Napiórkowska, Teresa, Lech Jacuński, and Julita Templin. "Epimorphosis of Heterosymelic Appendages in Tegenaria Atrica (Araneae, Agelenidae)." Zoologica Poloniae 54-55, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2009): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10049-010-0005-z.
Abstract:
Epimorphosis of Heterosymelic Appendages inTegenaria Atrica(Araneae, Agelenidae)Studies of epimorphic regeneration of appendages were carried out on larvae and nymphs ofTegenaria atricaC.L. Koch with heterosymely (accretion of appendages on the same side of the body) of two walking appendages and of walking appendages with pedipalpi. All the anomalies were obtained by exposing developing embryos to alternate temperatures of 14 and 32°C. Amputation of fragments of anomalous appendages was always followed by regeneration. Based on the characteristic external structures of the regenerating joints, successive stages of epimorphosis were estabilished, whose start and end were marked by ecdyses. Several types of regenerates were found, whose anatomical structure did not undergo further significant changes until the end of our observations.
23
Vieira, Warren, and Catherine McCusker. "Regenerative Models for the Integration and Regeneration of Head Skeletal Tissues." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123752.
Abstract:
Disease of, or trauma to, the human jaw account for thousands of reconstructive surgeries performed every year. One of the most popular and successful treatment options in this context involves the transplantation of bone tissue from a different anatomical region into the affected jaw. Although, this method has been largely successful, the integration of the new bone into the existing bone is often imperfect, and the integration of the host soft tissues with the transplanted bone can be inconsistent, resulting in impaired function. Unlike humans, several vertebrate species, including fish and amphibians, demonstrate remarkable regenerative capabilities in response to jaw injury. Therefore, with the objective of identifying biological targets to promote and engineer improved outcomes in the context of jaw reconstructive surgery, we explore, compare and contrast the natural mechanisms of endogenous jaw and limb repair and regeneration in regenerative model organisms. We focus on the role of different cell types as they contribute to the regenerating structure; how mature cells acquire plasticity in vivo; the role of positional information in pattern formation and tissue integration, and limitations to endogenous regenerative and repair mechanisms.
24
Wu, Zhong Wei, Guang Fu Liu, Zhi Feng Liu, and Shao Bo Pan. "Study on Controlled Decomposition and Reuse of Waste Thermosetting Phenol Resin Based on Physical Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.68.
Abstract:
Various mechanical forces are used to promote the waste thermosetting phenol resin to produce the physical decomposition process. The molecular structure and physicochemical properties change, thus it obtains the reversible thermos plasticity and restore the processing performance. The paper proposes the regeneration principle based on physical methods, and smashing and regeneration experiments have been carried out. The optimized design for important factors of rotational speed, crushing time, feed, feed size and other parameters which impact crushing and regenerating effects has been carried out after experiments. Multivariate quadratic simulation equations are established and the order of significantly affecting the regeneration is determined.
25
Reçica, Bylbyl, Mirjana Popovska, Amella Cana, Lindita Zendeli Bedxeti, Urim Tefiku, Spiro Spasovski, Ana Spasovska-Gjorgovska, Teuta Kutllovci, and Jehona F. Ahmedi. "Use of Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration: A Review." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, F (April 20, 2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4354.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Management of bone periodontal defects, destruction, and loss of the alveolar bone is considered a challenge for modern periodontal regeneration and implant dentistry. Numerous of biomaterials are being used in periodontal regenerative treatment.
AIM: This study aims to know the characteristics of biomaterials and their efficiency in periodontal surgical treatment as regenerative therapy.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature considering reviews, clinical studies, original papers, and articles from electronic data has been used.
RESULTS: Different biomaterials such as Straumann® Emdogain®, Geistlich Bio-Oss®, MIS 4MATRIX – Bone Graft, Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), Mis Bone-4MATRIX, and PRF are being used for periodontal regeneration treatment, hence revealing more effective outcomes when combined. PRP together with conventional grafting procedures may be a beneficial treatment approach, guided tissue regeneration with bioabsorbable membranes in combination with Bio-Oss are stable on a long-term basis.
CONCLUSION: Biomaterials being used in periodontal surgical treatment have the different regenerative ability. The combined use of biomaterials might result in a better clinical outcome. There are also a number of other biomaterials used to treat periodontal regeneration, but generally all have the same ability and the same molecular structure as highlighted in this literature review.
26
Pintér, Sándor, Luca Mendler, and László Dux. "Neural impacts on the regeneration of skeletal muscles." Acta Biochimica Polonica 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2003): 1229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2003_3646.
Abstract:
The regeneration of skeletal muscles is a suitable model to study the development and differentiation of contractile tissues. Neural effects are one of the key factors in the regulation of this process. In the present work, effects of different reinnervation protocols (suture or grafting) were studied upon the regenerative capacity of rat soleus muscles treated with the venom of the Australian tiger snake, notexin, which is known to induce complete necrosis and subsequent regeneration of muscles. Morphological and motor endplate analysis indicated that the regenerative capacity of denervated, and thereafter surgically reinnervated muscles remains impaired compared to that of normally innervated muscles, showing differences in the muscle size, fiber type pattern and motor endplate structure, even 35 days after the notexin injection. A lack or deficiency of secreted neural factors, deterioration of satellite cells and/or incomplete recovery of the sutured or grafted nerves may be the cause of these discrepancies in the regeneration process.
27
Popov, Valentin L., Aleksandr M. Poliakov, and Vladimir I. Pakhaliuk. "Synovial Joints. Tribology, Regeneration, Regenerative Rehabilitation and Arthroplasty." Lubricants 9, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9020015.
Abstract:
Synovial joints are unique biological tribosystems that allow a person to perform a wide range of movements with minimal energy consumption. In recent years, they have been increasingly called “smart friction units” due to their ability to self-repair and adapt to changing operating conditions. However, in reality, the elements of the internal structure of the joints under the influence of many factors can degrade rather quickly, leading to serious disease such as osteoarthritis. According to the World Health Organization, osteoarthritis is already one of the 10 most disabling diseases in developed countries. In this regard, at present, fundamental research on synovial joints remains highly relevant. Despite the fact that the synovial joints have already been studied fully, many issues related to their operating, prevention, development of pathology, diagnosis and treatment require more detailed consideration. In this article, we discuss the urgent problems that need to be solved for the development of new pharmacological agents, biomaterials, scaffolds, implants and rehabilitation devices for the prevention, rehabilitation and improvement of the treatment effectiveness of synovial joints at various stages of osteoarthritis.
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Yannas, Ioannis V. "Similarities and differences between induced organ regeneration in adults and early foetal regeneration." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2, no. 5 (September 20, 2005): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0062.
Abstract:
At least three organs (skin, peripheral nerves and the conjunctiva) have been induced to regenerate partially in adults following application of porous, degradable scaffolds with highly specific structure (templates). Templates blocked contraction and scar formation by inducing a reduction in the density of contractile fibroblasts (probably myofibroblasts) and by preventing these cells to organize themselves appropriately in the wound. In contrast, during early foetal healing, myofibroblasts were absent and wounds did not close by contraction but rather by spontaneous regeneration. The adult regenerative process has so far led to imperfect recovery of the physiological anatomy of skin (skin appendages were missing), while early foetal healing has led to apparently complete restoration. Furthermore, the mechanism of the adult regenerative process involves thwarting of myofibroblast function while, during early foetal healing, differentiation of myofibroblasts has not yet occurred. The data suggest that induced organ regeneration in the adult is the result of partial reversion to early foetal healing. If so, the adult may conceal a foetal response that may be subject to activation following application of highly active scaffolds or of other substances or cells.
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Hasegawa, Sho, Tetsuhiro Tanaka, and Masaomi Nangaku. "Recent advances in renal regeneration." F1000Research 8 (February 25, 2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17127.1.
Abstract:
Regeneration of a functional kidney from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is challenging because of its complex structure. Kidneys are derived from embryonic metanephros, which are composed of three progenitor cells: nephron progenitors, ureteric bud, and stromal progenitors. Nephron progenitors and ureteric bud have been induced successfully from PSCs as a result of the understanding of their detailed developmental process through cell-lineage tracing analysis. Moreover, these induced progenitors can be used to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) structure of kidneys in vitro, including glomeruli with podocytes, renal tubules, and the branching ureters. Induction of the remaining renal progenitors (that is, stromal progenitors from PSCs and the further maturation of reconstructed kidneys) needs to be studied extensively to regenerate functional and sophisticated kidneys from PSCs. In addition to the proper induction of renal progenitors, new bioengineering methods such as decellularization and 3D bioprinting and the recent advancements in the regeneration of kidneys in other species are promising leads for regenerating the complex spatial arrangement of kidneys, including the vascular network and urinary excretion pathway in humans.
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Fujita, Sosuke, Erina Kuranaga, and Yu-ichiro Nakajima. "Regeneration Potential of Jellyfish: Cellular Mechanisms and Molecular Insights." Genes 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050758.
Abstract:
Medusozoans, the Cnidarian subphylum, have multiple life stages including sessile polyps and free-swimming medusae or jellyfish, which are typically bell-shaped gelatinous zooplanktons that exhibit diverse morphologies. Despite having a relatively complex body structure with well-developed muscles and nervous systems, the adult medusa stage maintains a high regenerative ability that enables organ regeneration as well as whole body reconstitution from the part of the body. This remarkable regeneration potential of jellyfish has long been acknowledged in different species; however, recent studies have begun dissecting the exact processes underpinning regeneration events. In this article, we introduce the current understanding of regeneration mechanisms in medusae, particularly focusing on cellular behaviors during regeneration such as wound healing, blastema formation by stem/progenitor cells or cell fate plasticity, and the organism-level patterning that restores radial symmetry. We also discuss putative molecular mechanisms involved in regeneration processes and introduce a variety of novel model jellyfish species in the effort to understand common principles and diverse mechanisms underlying the regeneration of complex organs and the entire body.
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Yokote, Shinya, Shuichiro Yamanaka, and Takashi Yokoo. "De NovoKidney Regeneration with Stem Cells." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/453519.
Abstract:
Recent studies have reported on techniques to mobilize and activate endogenous stem-cells in injured kidneys or to introduce exogenous stem cells for tissue repair. Despite many recent advantages in renal regenerative therapy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality and the number of CKD patients has been increasing. When the sophisticated structure of the kidneys is totally disrupted by end stage renal disease (ESRD), traditional stem cell-based therapy is unable to completely regenerate the damaged tissue. This suggests that whole organ regeneration may be a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate patients with uncured CKD. We summarize here the potential of stem-cell-based therapy for injured tissue repair andde novowhole kidney regeneration. In addition, we describe the hurdles that must be overcome and possible applications of this approach in kidney regeneration.
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Brockes, J. P. "Amphibian Limb Regeneration: Rebuilding a Complex Structure." Science 276, no. 5309 (April 4, 1997): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.81.
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de Oliveira, Rodrigo Carlos, and Steven E. Wilson. "Descemet's membrane development, structure, function and regeneration." Experimental Eye Research 197 (August 2020): 108090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2020.108090.
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de Rezende Pinto, Wladimir Bocca Vieira, Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza, and Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira. "Normal muscle structure, growth, development, and regeneration." Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 10, 2015): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12178-015-9267-x.
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Stuart, John D., James K. Agee, and Robert I. Gara. "Lodgepole pine regeneration in an old, self-perpetuating forest in south central Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-166.
Abstract:
Historic regeneration patterns and regeneration requirements were investigated in an old, self-regenerating lodgepole pine (Pinusconforta Dougl. ssp. murrayana (Balf.) Critchfield) forest in south central Oregon. The forest was multiaged, with episodic regeneration pulses being correlated with mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk.) outbreaks or fire. The magnitude of a regeneration pulse was a function of disturbance intensity. Tree ring indices show growth declines prior to mountain pine beetle outbreaks. Radial tree growth improved following disturbance. Differences in stand structure among climax lodgepole pine stands in the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and south central Oregon were related to disturbance type, frequency, and intensity. Successful lodgepole pine reproduction was limited by soil moisture and partly by microclimate. Shading did not inhibit seedling establishment, but rather provided relief from excessive evapotranspiration, heat, and frost.
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Wei, Jian Guo, and Bin Wang. "PFWD's Application in the Evaluation of Structural Strength of Field Hot Regeneration Asphalt Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.141.
Abstract:
To evaluate the pre and post change of structure strength of old asphalt pavement field hot regeneration, we use the portable falling weight deflectometer method (PFWD) and benkelman beam method (BB) respectively to do the field test research. The field test researches rely on the ANXIN highway old asphalt pavement field hot regeneration project. We got the data about pre and post regenerations asphalt pavement static bending deflection (l0), PFWD dynamic deflection (lp) and PFWD dynamic modulus (EP). The correlation analysis among static bending deflection, PFWD dynamic deflection and PFWD dynamic modulus suggest that PFWD method is a more stable and reliable method than BB method and PFWD method can be a new evaluation technology for the old asphalt pavement field hot regenerations pavement strength.
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Mu, Mingfei, Lizhuang Dou, Jawad Aslam, and Bisheng Chen. "Synergy Analysis of the Influence of the Connection Cone on the Thermal Distribution during Regeneration." Symmetry 13, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13060995.
Abstract:
Diesel particulate filters (DPF) are typically used for particle filtration in vehicle exhausts after a treatment system. The monolith inside a DPF is a symmetrical column structure, frequently an axisymmetric cylinder structure where filtration and regeneration occur. Due to the complex structure before the symmetric monolith, the internal particle distribution is not uniform, which leads to an uneven temperature change when regeneration occurs. During thermal regeneration, the temperature field inside a DPF is affected by the particle load, exhaust temperature and exhaust flow. The relationship between the temperature gradient and velocity vector is also a key factor influencing regeneration performance. Based on the particle-loading test method, a bench for thermal distribution testing during regeneration was built. Via experiments and simulations, the temperature field in an axisymmetric monolith during particle combustion given an uneven particle distribution was analyzed. Through field synergy analysis of the temperature and velocity fields in the monolith, the influence of connection cones with different structures on heat transfer enhancement was studied. The results indicated that compared with a monolith with a conventional linear cone, the radial temperature gradient is 1.1 °C/mm lower, the area of enhanced regeneration is larger, and the regeneration rate is improved in the monolith with a streamlined cone.
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Šimerda, L., and J. Souček. "Long-term silvicultural experiment with transformation of the mixed stand structure." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 6 (July 7, 2011): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2/2011-jfs.
Abstract:
The paper summarizes the main characteristics of a mixed stand during 80-year transformation to the mixed stand with permanent selective structure. The initial main stand was mostly composed of conifers with group arrangement, broadleaves as the reserved trees created the upper storey. Partial opening by thinnings prepared the stand for regeneration. Heavy thinning in 1959 (22% of the growing stock) opened the main stand and released the advance growth of broadleaves. Subsequent stand development was negatively affected by air pollution. Mainly fir and spruce responded to air pollution by deteriorated health condition and increment reduction. Beech and other broadleaves gradually increased their proportion in the stand (64% of the growing stock in 2008). Initial diameter distribution was sinistral, reserved trees affected the frequency of thick trees. Final diameter distribution resembled the model curve for selective forests, the number of thin trees was below the model curve for broadleaved forests with selective structure in these types of localities. Mean increments of individual species changed according to their stand position. Low fecundity of trees, weed infestation and game damage limited natural regeneration, artificial regeneration dominated for the whole time. The complicated structure corresponding to selective forest occurred rarely during the monitored period, the stand was differentiated mainly by spatial arrangement.
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Cadiz, Laura, and Michael G. Jonz. "A comparative perspective on lung and gill regeneration." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): jeb226076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.226076.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe ability to continuously grow and regenerate the gills throughout life is a remarkable property of fish and amphibians. Considering that gill regeneration was first described over one century ago, it is surprising that the underlying mechanisms of cell and tissue replacement in the gills remain poorly understood. By contrast, the mammalian lung is a largely quiescent organ in adults but is capable of facultative regeneration following injury. In the course of the past decade, it has been recognized that lungs contain a population of stem or progenitor cells with an extensive ability to restore tissue; however, despite recent advances in regenerative biology of the lung, the signaling pathways that underlie regeneration are poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the common evolutionary and embryological origins shared by gills and mammalian lungs. These are evident in homologies in tissue structure, cell populations, cellular function and genetic pathways. An integration of the literature on gill and lung regeneration in vertebrates is presented using a comparative approach in order to outline the challenges that remain in these areas, and to highlight the importance of using aquatic vertebrates as model organisms. The study of gill regeneration in fish and amphibians, which have a high regenerative potential and for which genetic tools are widely available, represents a unique opportunity to uncover common signaling mechanisms that may be important for regeneration of respiratory organs in all vertebrates. This may lead to new advances in tissue repair following lung disease.
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Bhuiyan, Md Khayrul Alam, Md Akhter Hossain, Abdul Kadir Ibne Kamal, Mohammed Kamal Hossain, Mohammed Jashimuddin, and Md Khabir Uddin. "Climate resilience through natural regeneration in degraded natural forests of south-eastern hilly region of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i3.47720.
Abstract:
A study was conducted by using 5m × 5m sized 179 quadrates following multistage random sampling method for comparative regenerating tree species, quantitative structure, diversity, similarity and climate resilience in the degraded natural forests and plantations of Cox's Bazar North and South Forest Divisions. A total of 70 regenerating tree species were recorded representing maximum (47 species) from degraded natural forests followed by 43 species from 0.5 year 39 species from 1.5 year and 29 species from 2.5 year old plantations. Quantitative structure relating to ecological dominance indicated dominance of Acacia auriculiformis, Grewia nervosa and Lithocarpus elegans seedlings in the plantations whereas seedlings of Aporosa wallichii, Suregada multiflora and Grewia nervosa in degraded natural forests. The degraded natural forests possess higher natural regeneration potential as showed by different diversity indices. The dominance-based cluster analysis showed 2 major cluster of species under one of which multiple sub-clusters of species exists. Poor plant diversity and presence of regenerating exotic species in the plantations indicated poor climate resilience of forest ecosystem in terms of natural regeneration.
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Zhang, Jun Chao, Jia Yi Du, and Dao Wei Ding. "Effect of Expansion Tube Structure on Regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 709 (December 2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.709.15.
Abstract:
The regeneration process is simulated under the condition of different expansion tubes by the established model on CFD technology. It turns out that, increasing expansion angle of the expansion tube does good to lower the maximum wall temperature and the axial temperature gradient during the DPF regeneration, while it makes the uniformity of the wall regeneration temperature worse. At the same time, the regeneration rate becomes slower and the radial maximum temperature gradient increases. This study makes great significance to the design and optimization of DPF device structure and prolonging the service life of DPF.
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Sanker, Subramaniam, Maria Cecilia Cirio, Laura L. Vollmer, Natasha D. Goldberg, Lee A. McDermott, Neil A. Hukriede, and Andreas Vogt. "Development of High-Content Assays for Kidney Progenitor Cell Expansion in Transgenic Zebrafish." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 18, no. 10 (July 5, 2013): 1193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057113495296.
Abstract:
Reactivation of genes normally expressed during organogenesis is a characteristic of kidney regeneration. Enhancing this reactivation could potentially be a therapeutic target to augment kidney regeneration. The inductive events that drive kidney organogenesis in zebrafish are similar to the initial steps in mammalian kidney organogenesis. Therefore, quantifying embryonic signals that drive zebrafish kidney development is an attractive strategy for the discovery of potential novel therapeutic modalities that accelerate kidney regeneration. The Lim1 homeobox protein, Lhx1, is a marker of kidney development that is also expressed in the regenerating kidneys after injury. Using a fluorescent Lhx1a-EGFP transgene whose phenotype faithfully recapitulates that of the endogenous protein, we developed a high-content assay for Lhx1a-EGFP expression in transgenic zebrafish embryos employing an artificial intelligence–based image analysis method termed cognition network technology (CNT). Implementation of the CNT assay on high-content readers enabled automated real-time in vivo time-course, dose-response, and variability studies in the developing embryo. The Lhx1a assay was complemented with a kidney-specific secondary CNT assay that enables direct measurements of the embryonic renal tubule cell population. The integration of fluorescent transgenic zebrafish embryos with automated imaging and artificial intelligence–based image analysis provides an in vivo analysis system for structure-activity relationship studies and de novo discovery of novel agents that augment innate regenerative processes.
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Albiero Junior, Alci, Lívia Godinho Temponi, Franklin Galvão, Paulo Cesar Botosso, and Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães. "POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Araucaria angustifolia IN THE IGUAÇU NATIONAL PARK." FLORESTA 45, no. 2 (March 5, 2015): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i2.35673.
Abstract:
AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the population structure, regeneration and spatial distribution of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz. within a natural forest and in forest edge with agricultural monoculture. All araucaria individuals from 10 cm high were recorded in 200 plots of 10 x 10 m. 479 individuals were sampled (416 at the edge and 63 inside). Of these, 33 were females, 37 males, 49 juveniles and 360 regenerating individuals. The population structure performance was similar to standard inverted-J. Regenerating individuals had mainly the aggregate distribution pattern, while juveniles, males and females had a uniform pattern. Density of the canopy affected frequency of the individuals, where higher frequencies at higher densities were observed, indicating that regeneration of this species is more effective in shadowed environments. Due to the large number of individuals sampled in different size classes, the Iguaçu National Park is an important conservation remaining of A. angustifolia.Keyword: Density canopy; mixed temperate rain forest; spatial distribution; regeneration. ResumoEstrutura populacional de Araucaria angustifolia no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a estrutura populacional, regeneração e distribuição espacial de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz no interior de uma floresta natural e na borda de uma floresta com monocultura agrícola. Todos os indivíduos de araucária a partir de 10 cm de altura foram registrados em 200 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, sendo amostrados 479 indivíduos (416 na borda e 63 no interior). Desses, 33 eram fêmeas, 37 machos, 49 juvenis e 360 regenerantes. A estrutura da população apresentou padrão semelhante ao J-invertido. Os indivíduos regenerantes apresentaram principalmente o padrão agregado de distribuição, já para os juvenis, machos e fêmeas o padrão foi uniforme. A densidade do dossel influenciou a frequência de indivíduos, sendo observadas maiores frequências em maiores densidades, indicando que a regeneração da espécie é mais efetiva em ambientes sombreados. Devido ao grande número de indivíduos amostrados em diferentes classes de tamanho, o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu representa um importante remanescente na conservação de A. angustifolia.Palavras-chave: Densidade do dossel; Floresta Ombrófila Mista; distribuição espacial; regeneração.
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Liu, Jin, Jianping Ruan, Michael D. Weir, Ke Ren, Abraham Schneider, Ping Wang, Thomas W. Oates, Xiaofeng Chang, and Hockin H. K. Xu. "Periodontal Bone-Ligament-Cementum Regeneration via Scaffolds and Stem Cells." Cells 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2019): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060537.
Abstract:
Periodontitis is a prevalent infectious disease worldwide, causing the damage of periodontal support tissues, which can eventually lead to tooth loss. The goal of periodontal treatment is to control the infections and reconstruct the structure and function of periodontal tissues including cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers, and bone. The regeneration of these three types of tissues, including the re-formation of the oriented PDL fibers to be attached firmly to the new cementum and alveolar bone, remains a major challenge. This article represents the first systematic review on the cutting-edge researches on the regeneration of all three types of periodontal tissues and the simultaneous regeneration of the entire bone-PDL-cementum complex, via stem cells, bio-printing, gene therapy, and layered bio-mimetic technologies. This article primarily includes bone regeneration; PDL regeneration; cementum regeneration; endogenous cell-homing and host-mobilized stem cells; 3D bio-printing and generation of the oriented PDL fibers; gene therapy-based approaches for periodontal regeneration; regenerating the bone-PDL-cementum complex via layered materials and cells. These novel developments in stem cell technology and bioactive and bio-mimetic scaffolds are highly promising to substantially enhance the periodontal regeneration including both hard and soft tissues, with applicability to other therapies in the oral and maxillofacial region.
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Napit, Renu. "Species Diversity, Forest Community Structure and Regeneration in Banke National Park." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v16i1.14354.
Abstract:
Banke national park, located in Banke district of western Nepal with an area of 550 sq. km was established as the tenth national park in 2010 A.D. Forest community structure, species diversity and natural regeneration were studied in the Park. A total of 1067 plots at every interval of 200m were laid by line transect method for the study. In each plot three concentric rings of radii of 10m, 5m, and 1m were laid down for the study of trees, shrubs/saplings and herbs/seedlings respectively. The park was floristically rich with a total of 113 species of trees representing 57 genera and 28 families. Similarly 85 species of shrubs including climbers and 107 species of herbs including herbaceous climbers, and grasses were recorded. The obtained results from the size class distribution of the trees resembling inverse ‘J’ shape indicated the good regenerating capability of the forest in the park. Fifty eight species of saplings and 40 species of seedlings of trees were recorded. From the quantitative study of the trees, the dominant species was Shorea robusta based on IVI (important value index) values, which was followed by Terminalia alata, Anogeissus latifolius, Mallotus philippinensis, etc. The total density stand (D) and basal area (BA) of the park were 291.48 trees/ha and 21.13 m2/ha respectively. The highest density (D) and the basal area (BA) of S. robusta was 46.07 trees /ha and 5.07m2/ha respectively. The species diversity index (H) of the tree species in BaNP was 1.32, with species evenness (J) of 0.64 and index of dominance (C) of 0.08. A total of seven forest community types were estimated in the Park. The size class distribution diagram of all trees showed right skewed (inverse J shaped) pattern indicating a good regenerating capability of the forest. The regeneration of S. robusta, T. alata and A. latifolius were higher in comparison to other tree species which was indicated by the higher seedlings and saplings density of them. S. robusta was the dominant with saplings density of 200.49 / ha and seedlings density of 27153.4 /ha.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 17-30
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Bergeron, Yves, and Jacques Brisson. "Effect of Climatic Fluctuations on Post-Fire Regeneration of Two Jack Pine and Red Pine Populations during the Twentieth Century." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 48, no. 2 (November 30, 2007): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032991ar.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The age structure of two mixed red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests located at Lac Duparquet, northwestern Québec, were correlated with mean annual temperature and total precipitation recorded at Iroquois Falls for the period between 1913 and 1986. The age structures of both pine species showed a common pattern of regeneration characterized by low regeneration before 1930, an important regeneration peak starting around the 1930s, a dip in the age structure around 1950, a second, though less important, regeneration peak in the 1960s, and an important drop, especially for red pine, after 1970. In general, high regeneration rates were positively correlated with precipitation and negatively with temperature, suggesting that pine recruitment is negatively affected by low snow cover and/or drought. The absence of correlation with temperature suggests that the red pine northern limit may be controlled more by a change in the fire regime than by increasing temperature.
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Domínguez-Romero, Miguel E., and Paula G. Slater. "Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158344.
Abstract:
During neuronal development and regeneration axons extend a cytoskeletal-rich structure known as the growth cone, which detects and integrates signals to reach its final destination. The guidance cues “signals” bind their receptors, activating signaling cascades that result in the regulation of the growth cone cytoskeleton, defining growth cone advance, pausing, turning, or collapse. Even though much is known about guidance cues and their isolated mechanisms during nervous system development, there is still a gap in the understanding of the crosstalk between them, and about what happens after nervous system injuries. After neuronal injuries in mammals, only axons in the peripheral nervous system are able to regenerate, while the ones from the central nervous system fail to do so. Therefore, untangling the guidance cues mechanisms, as well as their behavior and characterization after axotomy and regeneration, are of special interest for understanding and treating neuronal injuries. In this review, we present findings on growth cone guidance and canonical guidance cues mechanisms, followed by a description and comparison of growth cone pathfinding mechanisms after axotomy, in regenerative and non-regenerative animal models.
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Martín-del-Campo, Marcela, Daniel Fernández-Villa, Gabriela Cabrera-Rueda, and Luis Rojo. "Antibacterial Bio-Based Polymers for Cranio-Maxillofacial Regeneration Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238371.
Abstract:
Cranio-maxillofacial structure is a region of particular interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to both its anatomical complexity and the numerous abnormalities affecting this area. However, this anatomical complexity is what makes possible the coexistence of different microbial ecosystems in the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region, contributing to the increased risk of bacterial infections. In this regard, different materials have been used for their application in this field. These materials can be obtained from natural and renewable feedstocks, or by synthetic routes with desired mechanical properties, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. Hence, in this review, we have focused on bio-based polymers which, by their own nature, by chemical modifications of their structure, or by their combination with other elements, provide a useful antibacterial activity as well as the suitable conditions for cranio-maxillofacial tissue regeneration. This approach has not been reviewed previously, and we have specifically arranged the content of this article according to the resulting material and its corresponding application; we review guided bone regeneration membranes, bone cements and devices and scaffolds for both soft and hard maxillofacial tissue regeneration, including hybrid scaffolds, dental implants, hydrogels and composites.
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Li, Xiaoran, Zhenni Chen, Haimin Zhang, Yan Zhuang, He Shen, Yanyan Chen, Yannan Zhao, Bing Chen, Zhifeng Xiao, and Jianwu Dai. "Aligned Scaffolds with Biomolecular Gradients for Regenerative Medicine." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020341.
Abstract:
Aligned topography and biomolecular gradients exist in various native tissues and play pivotal roles in a set of biological processes. Scaffolds that recapitulate the complex structure and microenvironment show great potential in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. We begin with a discussion on the fabrication of aligned scaffolds, followed by how biomolecular gradients can be immobilized on aligned scaffolds. In particular, we emphasize how electrospinning, freeze drying, and 3D printing technology can accomplish aligned topography and biomolecular gradients flexibly and robustly. We then highlight several applications of aligned scaffolds and biomolecular gradients in regenerative medicine including nerve, tendon/ligament, and tendon/ligament-to-bone insertion regeneration. Finally, we finish with conclusions and future perspectives on the use of aligned scaffolds with biomolecular gradients in regenerative medicine.
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Saha, Sushil, Govind-Singh Rajwar, and Munesh Kumar. "Forest structure, diversity and regeneration potential along altitudinal gradient in Dhanaulti of Garhwal Himalaya." Forest Systems 25, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): e058. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2016252-07432.
Abstract:
Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to understatnd the forest composition, structure, diversity and regeneration potential along altitudinal gradient.Area of study: The study was carried out in Dhanaulti forest which falls under temperate region of Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand state, India.Material and Methods: Vegetation analysis was carried out using 10 quadrats at each altitude using a quadrate size of 10×10 m2. In each quadrate, categories of trees >30 cm cbh were considered as trees, 10-30cm cbh as saplings and <10 cm cbh as seedlings. The data were quantitatively analyzed.Main results: In upper and middle altitudes, Cedrus deodara was reported dominant tree whereas, in lower altitude Quercus leucotrichophora was reported dominant. Tree density was highest in lower altitude which reduced middle and upper altitudes whereas, total basal cover increased with increasing altitude. The increasing total basal cover with altitude could be because of the presence of Cedrus deodara trees having higher girth classes. In tree, sapling and seedling layers, diversity (H) and equitabiltiy (EC) decreased with increasing altitude. However, concentrations of dominace (CD) and beta diversity (BD have shown reverse trend with H and EC which increased with increasing altitudes, in each layer of tree, sapling and seedling.The distribution pattern of most species in all layers of trees, saplings and seedlings was contagious. The regeneration potential of the species has shown that some of the species in the absence of tree layer are still regenerating particularly, Rhododendron arboreum, Benthamidia capitata, Neolitsea pallens etc. It indicates that most of the species are shifting upward as they are getting suitable conditions.Research highlights: Altitude influence species composition, diversity and regeneration potential of species.Key words: Distribution pattern; tree diversity; regeneration; mountains; temperate; Himalaya.