Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structure and agency

Academic literature on the topic 'Structure and agency'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Structure and agency"

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Cairns, Stephen. "Agency." Architectural Research Quarterly 13, no. 2 (June 2009): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135509990182.

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‘Agency’ is a beguiling word. It has the immediacy of a call-to-arms and the remoteness and anonymity of a bureaucratic function. Agency, as action in the world, underpins revolutionary social change, and the representation of someone else's interests – usually at a distance – in a governmental or business context. It is implicated in both the agitprop of the Reclaim the Streets network, or Brazil's Homeless Workers Movement, and in state bureaucracies such as the UK Border Agency, or commercial franchises such as the Western Union. The term encapsulates two quite distinctive forms of action: one individuated, collective and immediate; and the other systemic, anonymised and bureaucratic. It is no accident, then, that in academic literature ‘agency’ is often paired with ‘structure’, and in the binarised form, structure/agency, is used to refer to the tension between the creative actions of individuals and the social, political and economic structures that supposedly constrain them. The fact that architects are expected to exercise agency in both of these senses – as creative actors and as representatives of their clients' interests – gives the theme further significance.
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Choi, Danny Woosik, Hyun Kyung Chatfield, and Robert Evans Chatfield. "Agency or stewardship?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 1352–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2016-0536.

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Purpose This study aims to empirically investigate agency and stewardship theories in the US lodging market by examining the influence of fiscal and non-fiscal leadership structures on the debt financing decisions of lodging firms. Design/methodology/approach Secondary financial data have been collected for USA-based lodging firms. Subsequently, bivariate correlation, pooled ordinary least square) and endogeneity analyses have been performed on the data. Findings The findings support the significant influence of some corporate governance attributes on the capital structure of US lodging firms and show the limited applicability of agency and stewardship theories. Practical implications Theoretical and managerial implications are suggested in terms of balancing leadership structure attributes from the agency and stewardship theories, the capital structure of lodging firms and the future research. Originality/value Despite its importance considering the intensive capital and relatively high liabilities needed for success in the lodging industry, the influence of leadership structure on capital structure has not been examined either empirically or theoretically. Leadership structure attributes, both fiscal and non-fiscal, are included in the study to gain a richer understanding of their influence. The outcomes of the analysis suggest managerial implications for leadership structure as well as theoretical generalizability for agency and stewardship theories within the lodging industry.
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Michney, Todd M. "Structure versus Agency Redux." Journal of Urban History 40, no. 2 (January 21, 2014): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144213508616.

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Bulbeck, Chilla. "Articulating structure and agency." Women's Studies International Forum 24, no. 2 (March 2001): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5395(01)00161-3.

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King, Anthony. "Overcoming Structure and Agency." Journal of Classical Sociology 9, no. 2 (May 2009): 260–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x09102125.

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Smith, Michael. "How Much of a New Agenda? International Structures, Agency, and Transatlantic Order." Politics and Governance 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i2.4985.

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This article focuses on the links between transatlantic relations—a structured array of markets, hierarchies, networks, ideas, and institutions—and broader elements of international structure and world order. It argues that the changing state of transatlantic relations reflects changes in the structure of the relations themselves, but also structural change in the global and domestic arenas and how such change shapes or reflects the actions of a wide variety of agents. The first part of the article briefly explores the importance of international structure in order to identify the global forces that shape the context for transatlantic relations. The article then examines the key mechanisms in transatlantic relations which interact to create forms of transatlantic order; these create spaces for a wide variety of agents, operating within broader elements of international and domestic structure, and the article illustrates this through the ways in which the EU’s “new agenda for EU–US relations” sought to shape transatlantic interactions during the first year of the Biden presidency. The article examines the implications of transatlantic responses to the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022, and concludes that despite the move to enhanced EU–US cooperation in the short term, the interaction of structures, mechanisms, and actors will contribute to continuing differentiation of transatlantic relations, at least in the medium term, whatever the preferences of US and EU policy-makers.
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Hollis, Martin, and Steve Smith. "Two stories about structure and agency." Review of International Studies 20, no. 3 (July 1994): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118054.

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So stark and swift was the collapse of the Cold War structure of international relations that few yet pretend to have been expecting it. The magnitude of the changes involved has forced practitioners and theorists alike into radical rethinking. For practitioners, the old certainties have gone and it is unclear what political and security structures will replace those of the Cold War: whether it will be a New World Order or a New World Disorder is still very much open to debate. But for international relations theorists the events have focused attention on the nature of international political structures. What kind of structures can international systems represent if they can be changed so fundamentally and so easily? Neo-realists especially have to rethink a dominant discourse which relies heavily on established regularities and on the stability of the bipolar system. What does it say for Waltz's conception of international structure if it can be so easily transcended by unit factors? If structural theories of international relations can say nothing about an event as momentous as the collapse of the Cold War system, what can they say anything about? Neo-realists could ignore the fact that their theories could not account for transformations of international structure precisely because these theories did explain the regularity and stability of bipolarity. Now that is gone, theorists have to look again at what they mean by a structure. Moreover, the nature of agency has to be reexamined; for neo-realists human agency was essentially irrelevant at the structural level of explanation, yet the collapse of the Cold War system seemed to depend very largely on active and calculating agents. Questions concerning the nature of agency and the meaning of structure and the relationship between them are now more relevant than ever in international relations theory.
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Imbroscio, David L. "Structure, Agency, and Democratic Theory." Polity 32, no. 1 (September 1999): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235333.

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Lash, Scott, Pierre Bourdieu, and Richard Nice. "Structure, Agency, and Practical Knowledge." Contemporary Sociology 21, no. 2 (March 1992): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075406.

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Gray, Clive. "Structure, Agency and Museum Policies." Museum and Society 14, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v14i1.629.

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This paper reports on the results of recent empirical research on the interaction of structure and agency in the museums sector in England in the context of policy-making within individual museums and galleries. Policy in the museums sector is subject to a large number of political, economic, social and technological pressures and demands that are both externally and internally created: the management of these pressures and demands provides the opportunity for the establishment of multiple responses by the members of individual organizations. The effects of hierarchy, organizational and functional centrality, accountability and professionalism in this process, and the manner in which legitimacy and ideology are employed as central resources by museums staff, are identified. The focus on an under-researched issue allows for an original evaluation of claims and assumptions about what drives the policy choices that are made within museums.Key Words: Museum policy, structure and agency, England
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structure and agency"

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Victor, Elizabeth Kaye. "Structure and Agency: An Analysis of the Impact of Structure on Group Agents." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4246.

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Different kinds of collectives help to coordinate between individuals and social groups to solve distribution problems, supply goods and services, and enable individuals to live fulfilling lives. Collectives, as part of the process of socialization, contribute to the normalization of behaviors, and consequently, structure our ability to be self-reflective autonomous agents. Contemporary philosophy of action models characterize collective action as the product of individuals who have the proper motivations to perform cooperative activities (bottom-up); or they begin with the social-level phenomena and explain this in terms of individual actions and the mental states that motivate them (top-down). One general goal of this project is to show how and why both of these approaches through focusing solely on the individuals involved fail to capture and account for important types of group actions: those of economic group agents. Group agents, one kind of organized collective, are unique in that they have the potential to develop group-level decision-making processes that result in the capacity of the group to engage in practical reasoning. Because of this capacity, group agents can be stable and respond to reason--capacities we would not expect from other kinds of collectives. Inasmuch as we value the possibility of influencing the reflexive dynamics that perpetuate social institutions, understanding the range of organization structures and their agential capacities will open up the possibility of altering the course of those dynamics toward more just systems of organization. Understanding what kinds of group agents currently operate within the systems of organizations that make up social institutions is the first step in determining how to move toward developing group agents that are also moral agents. By analyzing how different systems of constraint--inside and outside the firm--inform one another to influence the possibility of design and the group's possibilities for action, I use Christian List and Philip Pettit's account of group agency as a springboard to develop a more adequate account of how structure influences and constrains the possibilities of economic group agents in non-idealized circumstances (i.e. this world, with our history). My chapters include 1) a taxonomy of organization structures and an analysis of how a narrow conception of organization structure in jurisprudence can lead to systems of constraint that limit the rights and freedoms of individuals even as it seeks to extend them, 2) an evaluation of the popular accounts of collective action (cf. Raimo Tuomela, 1997; Michael Bratman, 1993, 1997, 2009; and Christian List and Philip Pettit, 2011) that could be made to accommodate the actions of certain kinds of economic associations, 3) an exploration of the standards of evaluation that influence these powerful group agents, and how these standards limit the economic group agent's capacity to engage in moral reasoning, and 4) an analysis of the group agent's reasoning capacity and the internal mode of interaction between group agent and group members that perpetuate group agency. I argue that we can understand group agents that have the capacity to be moral agents as the products of a particular kind of decision-making process within an organization's structure. The decision-making process, together with the organization structure and group member support, produces and sustains judgments and actions at the level of the group that cannot be reduced to the beliefs and actions of particular members. In this way, the group displays a systematic unity of actions based on its own judgments. That is, the group exhibits agency. Moral group agents exhibit more than practical reasoning; they also demonstrate the capacity for critical reflection upon the ends they pursue. Member buy-in promotes a tight connection between group members and their role in bringing about and sustaining group agency, and is the foundation of the group agent. Without a holistic organization structure, a member's personal identities could undermine group aims, thereby undermining group agency. Group moral agency, I argue, begins with promoting an organizational way of life conducive to collective flourishing and respect for members.
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Dougherty, Richard K. Mir Pablo F. "Organizational structure for inter-agency information operations /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA389648.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems and Operations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.
Thesis advisors, Carl R. Jones, Thomas, Gerblick. Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-219). Also Available online.
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Morris, Mark. "Managerial agency : personality, psychopathy, structure and leadership." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2987/.

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This study begins with the clinical observation that psychopathic patients distort and disrupt the organisation containing and caring for them on one hand, and that organisational leaders manage to galvanise followers into realising his vision on the other; the two seeming to be phenomenologically similar; the former is organisationally effective antisocially, and the latter, pro-socially; one destructive and one creative. The study explores the implications of this observation through the sociological, psychological and leadership literatures, having focussed on the question of how managers are effective within organisations and to what extent is the personality or psychopathy of a manager a critical variable. Examining Hitler as a crucial case study, who as a leader combined effectiveness, charisma and a personality cult with a violent and psychopathic regime, the study uses a hermeneutic phenomenology methodology. Having looked at the case through the triangulated lenses of personality, historical context (structure) and managerial case history (agent), the study concludes that charisma rather than psychopathy may the critical success factor, and it proposes and describes a concept of "managerial agency" as a capability that combines charismatic with transactional and more coercive leadership. It argues that the sociological dualism of structure and agency ontologically are the same, such that social structures are collectively held (structurated) ideas. In an organisational (managerial) context they are divided by a relationship between the owner of the structure and the agent. The managerial agent, charismatically uses inspiration of and care for the individual subordinate, to modify (structurate) their psychology and attitudes, establishing energetic adherence to the manager’s task, which influence can be strengthened with more hierarchical transactional factors.
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Bettez, Silvia C. Noblit George W. "Secret agent insiders to whiteness mixed race women negotiating structure and agency /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,846.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Education." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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Jordan-Baker, Craig. "Agency, structure and realism in language and linguistics." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/44185/.

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This thesis considers the scientific status of linguistics and the historical and contemporary attempts to view linguistics as closely aligned to, or one of, the natural sciences. Such attempts share certain common features that make up what is identified here as the ‘Formalist Attitude'. The question ‘what is a language?' is central to the discussion of the scientific status of linguistics, so a central task of the thesis is to show how answers to this question display the features of the Formalist Attitude. In particular it is shown that attempts to constrict the theoretical purview of linguistics around a view of language that sustains claims to natural scientific status fail to account for the social ontology of language and the role of speakers within the creation and reproduction of language. A consequence of this failure is an inability to explain important language phenomena such as language change, arbitrariness and knowledge of language, which the alternative conception of language defended here successfully accounts for. ‘Language' is best seen as a power of speakers to communicate with one another, a view which emphasises the motivated, social, reproductive and transformative aspects of actual speech. The negative and positive arguments jointly defended, support the view that linguistics, considered with respect to its object of knowledge, methodology and ability to offer explanations and predictions, is not akin to natural science but should be considered a social science. Besides historical contextualisation of the problem, the thesis looks at current trends, such as cognitive and integrationist linguistics, that are broadly consistent with its criticisms and conclusions. The purpose of the thesis then is twofold; to identify, explain and criticise a problematic and influential tradition within linguistics and then to provide some Lockean underlabouring for contemporary linguistics that will be valuable to linguists and philosophers.
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Tasselli, Stefano. "Network structure, individual agency and outcomes in organizations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283966.

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Kiemtore, Bertrand. "Management structure of communication agency with comprehensive services." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33167.

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A communication agency is a company responsible for guiding any business, community, association in the development of its internal and / or external to promote the image of the company to the public and external partners. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33167
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Qually, Byron Alexander. "Design and democracy : transformative agency within indigenous structure." Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/55017/.

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South African democracy is perceived and evidenced to be under duress. This research questions how design, when underpinned by transdisciplinarity and abduction, can articulate and address this problem. The literature is reviewed to map how designed objects, processes, and philosophy enable and hamper notions of democracy. Within this literature, two concepts are identified as key to a South African context, and require further research - Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and cosmopolitanism. The African concept of Ubuntu, a subset of IKS, is argued to function as an authentic context, however, its ability to influence urban and diverse environments is questioned. Cosmopolitan theory, and Dewey's focus on experimentation, is argued to promote normative organisation, and its application to facilitate urban and dynamic participation is questioned. The Cape Town precinct - Long Street - provides a case study with which to unpack these two key concepts, and obtain empirical data to answer the research questions. Qualitative data is firstly obtained, from key informants who have the authority to influence the case study delineation. Based on this data, an Abductive instrument (Ai), based on Experience Design (XD) and Designing For Participation (DFP) methods, obtains quantitative data from public actors. Findings from the research include: political philosophy is increasingly enabled and countered by design; design is required to deconstruct and not fortify South African democracy; design is capable of operationalising decolonisation as a constructive, and not reductive, act; indigeneity is being reclaimed in urban contexts, and reinterpreted by design; reflective participation, and not historical assimilation, is a fundamental challenge for political studies; publics experiment with, and not on, themselves. The key implication of the research is designing critical representation, which is at the intersection of design, IKS, and cosmopolitanism. Here, empowerment is an indigenous imperative, design synthesises direct and representative democracy, and design intent is hyper-transparent.
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Elder-Vass, David John. "The theory of emergence, social structure and human agency." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430776.

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Carlton, Nancy. "Structure, agency and power in local authority possession proceedings." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/738385b2-fbac-4ce2-9738-21505a91c532.

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This thesis is a study of the conduct of local authority possession proceedings and the relationships of the parties involved in them: the courts, local authority housing departments and their tenants. On a more general level the thesis is concerned \\ ith the process of change and barriers to change in legal proceedings. The issue underlying these relationships is the nature of the security of tenure given to council tenants by the Housing Act 1980 (consolidated by the Housing Act 1985). On the face of it, discretion as to recovering possession of their properties was removed from local authorities and given to the courts through that legislation. Under the 1985 Act. local authorities are required to show that it is reasonable for a possession order to be made each time they make an application for possession on the ground of rent arrears. Various studies have been carried out about what happens in practice in possession proceedings, both independently and for the Civil Justice Review in 1986, which reported that the courts were more or less "rubber-stamping" local authorities' applications. As a result, the Lord Chancellor's Department instituted some procedural reforms in 1993 which were intended to ensure that courts properly exercise their discretion. This thesis looks at whether the procedural reforms have been effective in changing practice, and having found that they were not, then addresses the question of why that is the case. In seeking to answer the latter point, the author uses Giddens' theory of structuration to analyse the research data. Layder's 'realist' approach to social research is adopted, and provides a framework for discussion of the material by considering it in its micro, macro and historical contexts. The relationships between the agents and the structures pertinent to possession proceedings are analysed, and consideration is gi\en to where power is held and how it is used. By adopting such an approach, it is intended to make a contribution to the social theory oflaw
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Books on the topic "Structure and agency"

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O'Donnell, Mike. Structure and Agency. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446263532.

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Guy, Jean-Sébastien. Theory Beyond Structure and Agency. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18983-9.

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The causal power of social structures: Emergence, structure and agency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Chernenko, Sergey V. Agency costs, mispricing, and ownership structure. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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Piotr, Sztompka, ed. Agency and structure: Reorienting social theory. Yverdon, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach, 1994.

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Housing in Taiwan: Agency and structure? Aldershot, Hants, UK: Ashgate, 1998.

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Agency, Radiocommunications. Licence details, enquiry points and organisational structure. London: Radiocommunications Agency, 1992.

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Agency, Radiocommunications. Licence details, enquiry points and organisational structure. London: Radiocommunications Agency, 1995.

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Agency, United States Information. USIA, its work and structure. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Information Agency, 1987.

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Agency, United States Information. USIA, its work and structure. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Information Agency, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structure and agency"

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McAnulla, Stuart. "Structure and Agency." In Theory and Methods in Political Science, 271–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-62889-2_14.

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Hay, Colin. "Structure and Agency." In Theory and Methods in Political Science, 189–206. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24106-4_11.

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Byrne, David, and Gillian Callaghan. "Structure and agency." In Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences, 64–79. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003213574-6.

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Roberts, Ken. "Structure and agency." In Structure and Agency in Young People’s Lives, 99–115. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Youth, young adulthood and society: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429324314-9.

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Frankel, Sam. "Structure ‘&’ Agency." In Negotiating Childhoods, 11–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-32349-1_2.

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Asai, Kentaro. "Agency Theory." In Corporate Finance and Capital Structure, 17–27. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003016380-4.

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Archer, Margaret S. "Structure, Culture and Agency." In The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Culture, 17–34. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996744.ch2.

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Risjord, Mark. "Structure, Agency, and Improvisation." In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate, 219–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05344-8_12.

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Dunk-West, Priscilla, and Fiona Verity. "Self, Agency and Structure." In Practising Social Work Sociologically, 53–64. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54808-5_5.

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Howarth, David R. "Deconstructing Structure and Agency." In Poststructuralism and After, 116–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137266989_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structure and agency"

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Vazquez, Alicia Nahmad, Chikara Inamura, Joshua Zabel, Mostafa El Sayed, Asbjorn Sondergaard, and Shajay Bhooshan. "Topologically Optimized Concrete Shell Structure." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.031.

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Vazquez, Alicia Nahmad, Chikara Inamura, Joshua Zabel, Mostafa El Sayed, Asbjorn Sondergaard, and Shajay Bhooshan. "Topologically Optimized Concrete Shell Structure." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.031.

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Ley, Rob. "May/September: Eskenazi Hospital Parking Structure Façade." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.205.

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Zhao-guo, Zhang, He Wei-feng, and Zhu Sha-sha. "Capital Structure and Agency Costs." In 2007 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2007.4422015.

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Sugihara, Satoru. "A(g)ntense : Installation of swarm formation and agent based self-optimization of tensile and compression structure." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.051.

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Imelda, Elsa, and Dewi Ayu Patricia. "Capital Structure, Corporate Governance, and Agency Costs." In International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM) Untar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008490602030207.

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"Balancing Structure and Agency Influences in Urban Redevelopment." In 5th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 1998. ERES, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1998_131.

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STORNELLI, S. "European Space Agency activities on spacecraft control structure interaction." In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3393.

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Ovanesbekova, Margarita, Tatiana Fomina, and Varvara Morosanova. "Structure models of psychological predictors of the academic achievement of students 7 − 9 grades." In Personal resourse of human agency at work in changing Russia. ScientificWorld, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/978-5-6041451-4-2.1.22.

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Vilenskaya, Galina. "The structure of behavioral control in children with typical development and with developmental delays." In Personal resourse of human agency at work in changing Russia. ScientificWorld, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/978-5-6041451-4-2.1.9.

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Reports on the topic "Structure and agency"

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Chernenko, Sergey, C. Fritz Foley, and Robin Greenwood. Agency Costs, Mispricing, and Ownership Structure. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15910.

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2

Loskin, M. I., and A. M. Salva. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT METHODS OF PUBLIC AGENCY. МЦНС "Наука и просвещение", 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/loskin3.

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3

Trainor, Tim, Gregory Parnell, and Michael J. Kwinn Jr. USMA Study of the Installation Management Agency CONUS Region Structure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada427027.

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4

DeMarzo, Peter, and Yuliy Sannikov. A Continuous-Time Agency Model of Optimal Contracting and Capital Structure. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10615.

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Harvey, Campbell, Karl Lins, and Andrew Roper. The Effect of Capital Structure When Expected Agency Costs are Extreme. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8452.

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6

Moghadam-Saman, Saeed. How do mechanisms’ ‘tendency’ within critical realism influence our understanding of structure-agency relations? Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/4.2535-5686.2019.05.

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7

Devereux, Stephen, and Anna Wolkenhauer. Agents, Coercive Learning, and Social Protection Policy Diffusion in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.068.

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This paper makes theoretical, empirical, and methodological contributions to the study of social policy diffusion, drawing on the case of social protection in Africa, and Zambia in particular. We examine a range of tactics deployed by transnational agencies (TAs) to encourage the adoption of cash transfers by African governments, at the intersection between learning and coercion, which we term ‘coercive learning’, to draw attention to the important role played by TA-commissioned policy drafting, evidence generation, advocacy, and capacity-building activities. Next, we argue for making individual agents central in the analysis of policy diffusion, because of their ability to reflect, learn, and interpret policy ideas. We substantiate this claim theoretically by drawing on practice theories, and empirically by telling the story of social protection policy diffusion in Zambia through three individual agents. This is complemented by two instances of self-reflexivity in which the authors draw on their personal engagements in the policy process in Zambia, to refine our conclusions about the interplay of structure and agency.
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Terzyan, Aram. Failed Europeanization? Belarus and Armenia Between Russia and the EU. Eurasia Institutes, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/eea-1-2020.

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This paper explores the core challenges and opportunities of the Europeanization processes taking place in Belarus and Armenia. It argues that despite the constraining effects of “competing governance provider” Russia, the interests, perceptions, and preferences of the domestic elites are critical to the implementation of the EU policies in Belarus and Armenia. Thus, it offers a more dynamic structure- agency interplay approach to account for the dynamics of Europeanization in the EU-Russia contested neighbourhood. The article enquires into integration without membership dynamics between the EU and Eastern neighbours in the light of the Russian-dominated Eurasian integration.
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9

Morphett, Jane, Alexandra Whittaker, Amy Reichelt, and Mark Hutchinson. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism of affective state, a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0075.

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Is the perineuronal net structure within emotional processing brain regions associated with changes in affective state? The objective of this scoping review is to bring together the literature on human and animal studies which have measured perineuronal net structure in brain regions associated with emotional processing (such as but not limited to amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Perineuronal nets are a specialised form of condensed extracellular matrix that enwrap and protect neurons (Suttkus et al., 2016), regulate synaptic plasticity (Celio and Blumcke, 1994) and ion homeostasis (Morawski et al., 2015). Perineuronal nets are dynamic structures that are influenced by external and internal environmental shifts – for example, increasing in intensity and number in response to stressors (Blanco and Conant, 2021) and pharmacological agents (Riga et al., 2017). This review’s objective is to generate a compilation of existing knowledge regarding the structural changes of perineuronal nets in experimental studies that manipulate affective state, including those that alter environmental stressors. The outcomes will inform future research directions by elucidating non-cellular central nervous system mechanisms that underpin positive and negative emotional states. These methods may also be targets for manipulation to manage conditions of depression or promote wellbeing. Population: human and animal Condition: affective state as determined through validated behavioural assessment methods or established biomarkers. This includes both positive and negative affective states. Context: PNN structure, measuringPNNs.
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Fonseca, Liliana, Lisa Nieth, Maria Salomaa, and Paul Benneworth. Universities and Place Leadership: a question of agency and alignment. Universiteit Twente - Department of Science, Technology and Policy Studies (STePS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/4.2535-5686.2021.01.

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There is increasing interest in the question of how different stakeholders develop, implement and lead regional upgrading processes with the concept of place leadership emerging as one response to this. Simultaneously, universities face growing expectations that they will contribute to regional development processes – often through their collaborative relationships with other regional stakeholders. But universities are complex in terms of their internal and institutional structures, which undermines their capacities to enact coherent place leadership roles. We seek to understand how strategic leadership in universities can contribute to innovation and regional development in the context of the fundamental institutional complexity of universities. We address this through a qualitative, explorative case study comparing six European regions where universities have sincerely attempted to deliver place leadership roles. We identify that the elements of agency and alignment are vital in that: firstly, university leadership has to align with regional coalitions on the one hand and internal structures on the other hand, and secondly, this leadership must give individuals agency in their regional engagement activities.
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