Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structuration'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Structuration.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Sallaberry, Jean-Claude. "Atelier création sonore et sémiologie structuration d'un groupe et structuration des représentations /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376010029.
Full textLapoire, Denis. "Structuration des graphes planaires." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10684.
Full textGuinaudeau, Camille. "Structuration automatique de flux télévisuels." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646522.
Full textPoli, Jean-Philippe. "Structuration automatique de flux télévisuels." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207960.
Full textLa stabilité des grilles de programmes nous permet d'en proposer une modélisation statistique basée sur un modèle de Markov contextuel et un arbre de régression. Entraîné sur les grilles de programmes des années précédentes, ce modèle permet de pallier l'imprécision des guides de programmes (EPG, magazines). En rapprochant ces deux sources d'informations, nous sommes en mesure de prédire les séquences d'émissions les plus probables pour un jour de l'année et d'encadrer la durée des émissions.
A partir de ces grilles de programmes prédites et d'un ensemble de règles indiquant les éléments
caractéristiques d'une transition entre deux genres de programmes (images monochromes, silences ou logos), nous sommes en mesure de localiser ces ruptures à l'aide de d´etections effectuées localement dans le flux.
da, Rocha daniel. "Structuration gravitationnelle en Relativité d'échelle." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010204.
Full textBouchekif, Abdesselam. "Structuration automatique de documents audio." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1038/document.
Full textThe topic structuring is an area that has attracted much attention in the Natural Language Processing community. Indeed, topic structuring is considered as the starting point of several applications such as information retrieval, summarization and topic modeling.In this thesis, we proposed a generic topic structuring system i.e. that has the ability to deal with any TV Broadcast News.Our system contains two steps: topic segmentation and title assignment. Topic segmentation consists in splitting the document into thematically homogeneous fragments. The latter are generally identified by anonymous labels and the last step has to assign a title to each segment.Several original contributions are proposed like the use of a joint exploitation of the distribution of speakers and words (speech cohesion) and also the use of diachronic semantic relations. After the topic segmentation step, the generated segments are assigned a title corresponding to an article collected from Google News during the same day. Finally, we proposed the evaluation of two new metrics, the first is dedicated to the topic segmentation and the second to title assignment.The experiments are carried out on three corpora. They consisted of 168 TV Broadcast News from 10 French channels automatically transcribed. Our corpus is characterized by his richness and diversity
Sawicki, Frédéric. "La structuration du parti socialiste." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010254.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to elaborate an analysis of the political parties which reconcile the rokkanian approach which insist on the social bases of the partisan cleavages and the weberian one, which put the emphazis on the internal competition for the political ressources. The study of three federations (pas-de-calais, var, ille-et-vilaine) and one f action (the one of laurent fabius) of the french socialist party permit us to analyze together on the one hand, the way this party in the diversity of its temporal and spatial forms, is determined by its social environment and in the other hand, the way it participates, jointly with other social activities, to the production of this environment by legitimin g some forms of sociability or social practise and by actualizing specific social groups or social networks. . . Th concepts we built, partly inspirated of anthony giddens : social networks, partisan milieu, site of interaction, homo geneization and structuration, aim at overshoot the usual distinction between center and periphery - considered as two s eparate fields -, and the traditional opposition between social and political activities. These concepts allowed us to a nalyze empircally the mechanisms through which the ps is structured in the diversity of its sites, and the processes by which partisans identities are produced
Desbarats, Pascal. "Structuration d'images segmentées 3D discrètes." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12486.
Full textFélicien, Vallet. "Structuration automatique de talk shows télévisés." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00635495.
Full textPeuvrel-Disdier, Edith. "Structuration de systèmes polymères en écoulement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443865.
Full textDupont, Yoann. "La structuration dans les entités nommées." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA100/document.
Full textNamed entity recognition is a crucial discipline of NLP. It is used to extract relations between named entities, which allows the construction of knowledge bases (Surdeanu and Ji, 2014), automatic summary (Nobata et al., 2002) and so on. Our interest in this thesis revolves around structuration phenomena that surround them.We distinguish here two kinds of structural elements in named entities. The first one are recurrent substrings, that we will call the caracteristic affixes of a named entity. The second type of element is tokens with a good discriminative power, which we call trigger tokens of named entities. We will explain here the algorithm we provided to extract such affixes, which we will compare to Morfessor (Creutz and Lagus, 2005b). We will then apply the same algorithm to extract trigger tokens, which we will use for French named entity recognition and postal address extraction.Another form of structuration for named entities is of a syntactic nature. It follows an overlapping or tree structure. We propose a novel kind of linear tagger cascade which have not been used before for structured named entity recognition, generalising other previous methods that are only able to recognise named entities of a fixed depth or being unable to model certain characteristics of the structure. Ours, however, can do both.Throughout this thesis, we compare two machine learning methods, CRFs and neural networks, for which we will compare respective advantages and drawbacks
Brahmi, Khaled. "Double condensation en sous-structuration dynamique." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2078.
Full textVallet, Félicien. "Structuration automatique de talk shows télévisés." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00635495.
Full textArchives professionals have high expectations for efficient indexing tools. In particular, the purpose of archiving TV broadcasts has created an expanding need for automatic content structuring methods. In this thesis, is addressed the task of structuring a particular type of TV content that has been scarcely studied in previous works, namely talk show programs. The object of this work is examined in the light of a number of sociological studies, with the aim to identify relevant prior knowledge on the basis of which the structuring approach is motivated. Then, having highlighted that a structuring scheme should be assessed according to specific use cases, a user-based evaluation is undertaken. The latter stresses out the relevance of considering the speakers’ interventions as elementary structural units instead of video shots usually employed in similar studies. Having emphasised the importance of speaker oriented detectors, the second part of this thesis is thus put on speaker diarization methods. We first propose a state of the art of the techniques — particularly unsupervised ones — used in this research domain. Then, results on a first speaker diarization system are presented. Finally, a more original system exploiting efficiently audiovisual information is finally proposed. Its validity is tested on two talk show collections : Le Grand Échiquier and On n’a pas tout dit. The results show that this new system outperforms state of the art methods. Besides, it strengthens the interest of using visual cues — even for tasks that are considered to be exclusively audio such as speaker diarization — and kernel methods in a multimodal context
Corbin, Danielle. "Morphologie derivationnelle et structuration du lexique." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080100.
Full textThis work tries to construct a consistent set of rules and principles organized into a hierarchy and constituting a generative grammar of the lexicon, to be applied to the french lexicon built by affixation and conversion. The main hypothesis is : behind the various irregularities one may observe in the attested part of the "built lexicon", lie deep regularities governed by a grammar such as the one here constructed. First, i analyze the reasons why the morphologists cannot generally see further than the obvious level : difficulties in the access to the material, burdensomeness of the traditional conceptions and tools used for the analysis of the derived words. Second, i sift out the observable irregularities in order to select (i) the apparent irregularities, most of them being extralinguistical, (ii) the formal and semantic subregularities, and (iii) the pure idiosyncrasies. This new classification of the apparent exceptions enables to mark off various types of complex words, then to define restrictively the concept of "derivational operation", finally to justify the hierarchy of various types of lexical rules presented here. Third, the detailed functioning of a lexical model based on such a stratified analysis of the data is explicitly described. This model is organized in three components that formalize (i) the underived material to be used by the rules ("base component"), (ii) the word formation rules ("derivational component"), and (iii) an ordered set of filters which function it is to adjust the de jure lexicon to the de facto one ("conventional component"). In comparison with the other leicalist models, this one is original, being altogether associative (the rules give to the derived words a morphological structure and a semantical interpretation that are associated), overgenerative when compared to the attested lexicon, and stratified, since the model organization agrees with the hierarchy of the regularities and of the various irregularities. The work is completed by sixteen annexes detailing spcific topics or giving corpus, plus four indexes
Bouhaddi, Noureddine. "Sous-structuration par condensation dynamique linearisee." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA2A04.
Full textDevilly, Pascal. "Transports et structuration de l'espace picard." Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIE0008.
Full textDécamp, Nicolas. "Turbulence interstellaire et structuration du milieu." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077061.
Full textSpinakis, Antoine. "Criteres de structuration de variables ordinales." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066250.
Full textKuhn, Alexander. "Structuration interfaciale dans des systèmes électrochimiques." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10648.
Full textLeang, Pichara. "Géopolitique et structuration de l'espace cambodgien." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23004.
Full textThe main purpose of this work is to show the links between political geography and changes of cambodia. The study starts with a description of historical background which initiated the changes. Then, an analyse of the processes which generated the structural breaks which took place in the early 70's in the traditional wy of life is carried out. Accordind to this analyse, those years of political and military instability are a major cause in the bankruptcy of the country nowaday. An attempt has been made to show how strong are the effects of ideologie and political geography on land and water management in cambodia. The study ends with an analyse of current trends of the new political situation which took place in september 1989 after the so-called withdrawal of vietnamese occupation troops
Megret, Rémi. "Structuration spatio-temporelle de séquences vidéo." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0089/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis tackles the problem of extracting a spatio-temporal structure out of a video sequence. The goal is to provide a structured representation of the visual content, by taking into account the whole spatio-temporal extent of the sequence, spatially as well as temporally. Several points of view are proposed to address this issue: - a representation based on trajectories of blobs, - a segmentation method that works jointly in space and time, - and a more general formalization that builds around the concept of recursive grouping. These approaches share the properties that we consider multi-level representations, by use of hierarchical structures. They are based on pixel groupings that have a compact shape, like blobs in images, and strands in video sequences
Lai, Thanh Loan. "Organogels photoactifs : Synthèse, structuration et propriétés." Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0012/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of original bis(urea) low molecular weight organogelators (LMWG), integrating or not fluorescent pyrene units. This study integrates organic synthesis of these systems, study of their gelling capacity for various solvents, characterization of the corresponding self-assembled structures through various spectroscopic and microscopy techniques, and finally implementation of an original structuring method by alignment of the self-assembled fibers. Two first model bis(urea) organogelators were synthesized and their ability to gel multiple solvents as well as the structuration of the corresponding self-assemblies have been studied in detail (NMR, optical and electron microscopy). Alignment of the resulting fibers has been successfully performed using a template method, by filling the pores of an alumina membrane, followed by dissolution of the latter. A second series of bis(urea) organogelators, which incorporate one, two or three pyrene fluorescent units was synthesized. The integration of this unit in our gels has proved useful in several ways. First, it acts as an internal probe for further characterize the resulting self-assembled structures, using variable temperature absorption and emission spectroscopies. The pyrene unit also contributes to the robustness of the nanostructured objects, as remarkably evidenced in hybrid gels involving tris(pyrenyl) C3 symmetry gelators associated to either a bis(pyrenyl) gelator or to a π-acceptor derivative
Corbin, Danielle. "Morphologie dérivationnelle et structuration du lexique /." Lille : Presses universitaires de Lille, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37375836q.
Full textMegret, Rémi Jolion Jean-Michel. "Structuration spatio-temporelle de séquences vidéo." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=megret.
Full textAbduraman, Alina Elma. "Structuration intra-programme de contenus TV." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0027/document.
Full textTV programs have an underlying structure that is lost when these are broadcasted. The linear mode is the only available reading mode when viewing programs recorded using a Personal Video Recorder or through a TV-on-Demand service. The fast-forward/backward functions are the only available tools for browsing. In this context, program structuring becomes important in order to provide users with novel and useful browsing features. In addition to advanced browsing features, TV program structuring can also be used for summarization, indexing and querying, archiving, etc. This thesis addresses the problem of unsupervised TV program structuring. The idea is to automatically recover the original structure of the program by finding the start time of each part composing it. The proposed approach is completely unsupervised and addresses a large category of programs like TV games, magazines, news…. It is based on the detection of “separators” which are short audio/visual sequences that delimit the different parts of a program. To do so, audio and visual recurrences are first detected from a set of episodes of a same program. In order to extract the separators, the recurrences are then classified using decision trees. These are built based on attributes issued from techniques like applause detection, scenes segmentation, face and speaker detection and clustering
Lion, Sébastien. "Structuration spatiale et évolution des populations." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066354.
Full textOver the last two decades, the role of spatial self-structuring as a template for evolution has been a focus of increasing attention. At the same time, the field of spatial ecology has seen radical new developments with the advent of new modelling techniques that explicitely take into account both spatial structure and individuality. The aim of this thesis is to try an understand the interplay between spatial ecological dynamics and evolution, through a theoretical approach that uses both simulations and analytical models. The thesis unfolds along three axes. In a first part, we review the theoretical progress that the latest-spatially explicit models have brought to our understanding of evolution, and argue that most results are best understood in the larger framework of multilevel and kin selection. Secondly, we develop an analytical model for the evolution of populations that are structured both in space and in discrete classes. A technique to derive the invasion condition of a rare mutant is proposed using correlation equations (aka pair approximation), and applied to a model of juvenile-adult interactions. This model is adapted to the study of the evolution of parental care and juvenile cannibalism, and allows us to extend previous studies of the evolution of cooperation in viscous populations to altruistic interactions between different classes of individuals. Using a methodology that does not resort to approximations of the spatial structure, we shed light on the selective pressures on parental care and cannibalism, and show we can recover Hamilton's rule and relatedness as emergent properties of the spatial ecological dynamics. We also show that the shape of trade-off curves is crucial in determining the evolutionary outcome in the spatial model, and that in age-structured populations, the evolutionary role of higher-order spatial moments can be very subtle, but quantitatively important. Finally, we study the evolution of dispersal in host-parasite interactions. Evolution of the manipulation of host dispersal behaviour by parasites is shown to depend both on the scale of dispersal and on th
Abduraman, Alina Elma. "Structuration intra-programme de contenus TV." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0027.
Full textTV programs have an underlying structure that is lost when these are broadcasted. The linear mode is the only available reading mode when viewing programs recorded using a Personal Video Recorder or through a TV-on-Demand service. The fast-forward/backward functions are the only available tools for browsing. In this context, program structuring becomes important in order to provide users with novel and useful browsing features. In addition to advanced browsing features, TV program structuring can also be used for summarization, indexing and querying, archiving, etc. This thesis addresses the problem of unsupervised TV program structuring. The idea is to automatically recover the original structure of the program by finding the start time of each part composing it. The proposed approach is completely unsupervised and addresses a large category of programs like TV games, magazines, news…. It is based on the detection of “separators” which are short audio/visual sequences that delimit the different parts of a program. To do so, audio and visual recurrences are first detected from a set of episodes of a same program. In order to extract the separators, the recurrences are then classified using decision trees. These are built based on attributes issued from techniques like applause detection, scenes segmentation, face and speaker detection and clustering
Cantarel, Vincent. "Etude de la synthèse de composites liquides organiques/géopolymère en vue du conditionnement de déchets nucléaires." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22734/document.
Full textThis work is included in the management of radioactive organic liquids research field. The process is based on an emulsification of organic liquid in an alkali silicate solution allowing the synthesis of a geopolymer matrix. The first part of this work consists in carrying out a screening on different organic liquids. A model system representative of the various oils and a geopolymer reference formulation are then defined. The second part deals with the structuration of the organic liquid/geopolymer structuration, from the mixture of the reactants to the final material. It aims at determining the phenomena allowing the synthesis of a homogeneous composite. The last two parts aim at characterizing the composite by studying its structure (chemical structure, porosity of the geopolymer and dispersion of the oil) and its properties with respect to the application to the immobilization of radioactive waste. Unlike calcium silicate-based cementitious matrices, the structure of the geopolymer is not affected by the chemical nature of the organic liquids. Only acid oils inhibit or slow down the geopolymerization reaction. In order to obtain a homogeneous material, the presence of surfactant molecules is necessary. The emulsion stabilization mechanism at the base of the process is relying on a synergy between the surfactant molecules and the aluminosilicate particles present in the geopolymer paste. The kinetics (chemical and mechanical) of the geopolymerization are not impacted by the presence of oil or surfactants. Only an increase in the viscoelastic moduli and the elastic character of the pastes can be observed. This difference in rheological behavior is mainly due to the presence of surfactant. The structure of the matrix is identical to that of a pure geopolymer of the same formulation. The organic liquid is dispersed in spherical inclusions whose radius is between 5 and 15 μm. These droplets are separated from each other, and from the environment by the mesoporous network of the geopolymer. Mechanical and leaching properties were also evaluated
Zhu, Xuan. "Structuration automatique en locuteurs par approche acoustique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624061.
Full textNaturel, Xavier. "Structuration automatique de flux vidéos de télévision." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524584.
Full textBracke, Agnès. "Deixis et modes de structuration des concepts." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30041.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the structuring of scientific concepts (related to the explanation of the scolar system) throughout the cognitive developement of children and youngsters (aged 9 to 14), and the linguistic expression of such concepts. The study use both a linguistic and psychological approach to analyse the structuring process. This work shows four main stages in the evolutive process : self-centred orientated egocentration (9 year-olds), ego-centred shifting to external objects (10 year-olds) object-centred decentration, and allocentration (14 year-olds). This process orchestrates the distantiation from experience, with language playing a structuring role : the evolution of linguistic markers (thematic roles are named here "cognitive roles"), causation, localization, "experimenter" and agentivity ; the evolution of the mode of utterance contextualisation : from cognitive to linguistic context with intermediary stage, the extra linguistic context
PASQUIER, BRUNO. "Cartographie numerique des domaines structuration, modelisation, algorithmique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066751.
Full textENES, DA SILVEIRA PAULO. "Structuration dynamique des connaissances : plan/projet/action." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066626.
Full textPigeau, Antoine. "Structuration géo-temporelle de données multimédia personnelles." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2131.
Full textUsage of mobile devices raises the need for organizing large personal multimedia collection. The present work focus on personal image collections acquired from mobile phones equipped with a camera. We deal with the structuring of an image collection as a clustering problem. Our solution consists in building two distinct temporal and spatial partitions, based on the temporal and spatial metadata of each image. The main ingredients of our approach are the Gaussian mixture models and the ICL criterion to determine the models complexities. First, we propose an incremental optimization algorithm to build non-hierarchical partitions in an automatic manner. It is then combined with an agglomerative algorithm to provide an incremental hierarchical algorithm. Finally, two techniques are roposed to build hybrid spatio-temporal classifications taking into account the human machine interaction constraints
Wang, Lihang. "L'évaluation et la structuration de variable annuities." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090036.
Full textIn this thesis we study the variable annuity (VA) products with guaranteed minimum benefits (GMxB), a fast growing business in the life insurance industry. The GMxB products attract the attention of practitioners and academics both because of its long maturity and complex design properties, and also because of uncertain policyholder behaviors, such as lapse rate. In this thesis, we address the pricing problem as the valuation of a Bermudan-style option for the insurer. This evaluation approach corresponds to the price that allows the insurers to hedge the risk whatever the lapse strategy of the holder is. We also introduce new product design ideas based on this evaluation approach to make sure insurers are fully protected form unexpected lapse waves in the future. It is worthy to mention that so far, a historical or statistical lapse rate has generally been assumed for pricing these guarantees. Both financial theory and past observations show that this assumption may lead to an underestimation of the risk associated to these products, the holders being rational or not. To evaluate the Bermudan-style liability, we apply two di_erent schemes: Partial Differential Equation (PDE) method and high-dimensional regression (HDR) method. It is shown that the PDE method is precise for low-dimensional problems (< 3), while the HDR is more efficient when there are more than three dimensions. In the Hull and White stochastic interest rate model, we also show how a change of numeraire technique can be used to accelerate the numerical algorithms significantly for policies with ratchet (lookback) properties. In addition, we also extend the traditional semi-analytical solution of American options to evaluate certain GMxB polices. A semi-analytical method is also introduced in this thesis to approximate both the American contingent claims and the critical exercise boundary of contingent claims in the stochastic volatility model (e. X. Heston model. In fact, this method can be extended to other diffusion processes as long as quick and accurate pricing methods exist for the corresponding European claims
Maris, Jean-Barthélémy. "La structuration du marché européen de l'armement." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10043.
Full textThe structuring of the European armament market should be considered as an additional and important step in European integration and the accomplishment of the internal market. This result is first of all that of the inter-governmental cooperation with regard to armament that has ensured that all the elements necessary for the construction of a European armament market integrated into the internal market were fulfilled. The armament sector is both economic and strategic and it was originally excluded from the Treaty of Rome. The former article 223 TEC (article 346 TFEU) included a clause that allowed the member States to exempt from European Community laws the subject. European cooperation with regard to armament started relatively early outside the community framework but it was only with the creation of the European Union and the common security and defence policy that questions linked to armament could be included within the legal framework of the European Union. The cooperation undertaken in the context of the former second pillar laid down the foundations for the construction of the European armament market. The latter is established through the application of the European market rules in the sector. Through its rulings the Court of Justice supported the Commission in its will to ensure that the rules on the European armament market were applied. Economic and financial reasons were strong arguments for this structuring. The application of these rules initially took place indirectly before the initiation of directives applicable to public defence markets and to transfer of defence products between member states
Mühlhoff, Philippe. "HBDS structuration d'un système de CAO intergraph." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066634.
Full textMortimer, Simon. "Etude de la structuration des fibres Lyocell." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10033.
Full textMassou, Sophie. "Bio-structuration à l'échelle micro et nanométrique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22054/document.
Full textSubstrates patterned at the micro-scale and nano-scale are interesting for biomedical applications, for example, in DNA/protein nano-arrays, for miniaturized lab-on-chip applications or for making smart implants that can control adhesion of cells. In the last decade, some studies showed that living cells can detect nano-scale structures on substrates to which they adhere. Although this behaviour has been observed now for over a decade, the fundamental detection mechanism is still under investigation. Both for fundamental studies and for applications, it is important to develop facile techniques to pattern substrates on a large scale. We have realized a novel technique for patterning and bio-functionalizing substrates at the nano-scale using porous anodic alumina membranes as masks. The ordered porous anodic alumina membranes, prepared by classical electro-chemistry, are naturally organized in an hexagonal array over surface area of few square centimeters. Here we use them as mask for surface patterning. To create an array of nano holes, the substrate is dry etched through the alumina pores. In a biologically relevant application, a lipid bilayer is deposited on the patterned substrate to mimic a heterogeneous cell membrane. The mobility of the bilayer is studied by fluorescent correlation spectroscopy. In a different set of experiments, the porous alumina membranes are used as evaporation mask to create an organized array of alkyl-silane islands - either with a short carbon chain and with a reactive amine group or with a long carbon chain and non-reactive. Afterwards, biochemical functionalization is achieved by exploiting the amino-function of the amino-silane to bind an antibody. In parallel, we have started some studies of adhesion on a pattern substrate at micro-scale with immunological cells. The substrate is pattern by micro contact printing and the cell adhesion is observed by RICM. The aim of this studies is to prepare the biochemistry for the immunological cells adhesion, with the aim or transferring this to the nano-scale
Enes, Da Silvera Paulo. "Structuration dynamique des connaissances plan/projet/action /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604951q.
Full textNaturel, Xavier Gros Patrick. "Structuration automatique de flux vidéos de télévision." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/naturel.pdf.
Full textBen, Meftah Salma. "Structuration sématique de documents XML centres-documents." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10061/document.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Le, Marchand Arnaud. "La structuration des marchés du travail portuaire." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100114.
Full textAction, in a frame and on a frame, the harbor activity context is the purpose of this thesis. The following approach is at the crossroads of theatrical study of conventions, system of industrial relations and the economy of organizations. The emergence of rules in conexion with merchant logic and the actors' structuring effect are approached by a' systematical study in long run period. These localized organizations, around a convention of normal and intern unemployment, allow to question about rule production, collective learning and the reproduction of localized system. Taking account of irreversibility and efficiency wage hypothesis lead to consider the modality of passage from fixed rule game to variable rule gale, from labor demand paradigm in his opposite strides are studied under the angle of the double-bind theory and the critics of rational and self-fulfilling anticipations models
Creff, Gaelle. "Mécanismes de structuration de silices hybrides auto-assemblées." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656670.
Full textCarreira, Joaquim. "Structuration et ontologie, l'experience de l'oeuvre d'art littéraire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50051.pdf.
Full textSoucy, Patrick. "Structuration de verres de chalcogénures par impulsions femtoseconde." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30003/30003.pdf.
Full textLaser induced periodic surfaces structures have been the subject of studies for many years and are present on very different materials: metals, glasses, ceramics, crystalline materials, semiconductors. They are a generic phenomenon but each material has its distinctive features. The majority of the models developed only explain part of the results and do not extend over to all types of materials. They are generally based on the hypothesis of interference from the laser with a wave created subsequently; they can be of plasmonic nature if the material allows it. The purpose of this report is to present the results of femtosecond laser interaction with chalcogenide glasses, as a function of the various laser parameters.
Voiron, Nicolas. "Structuration de bases multimédia pour une exploration visuelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA036/document.
Full textThe large increase in multimedia data volume requires the development of effective solutions for visual exploration of multimedia databases. After reviewing the visualization process involved, we emphasis the need of data structuration. The main objective of this thesis is to propose and study clustering and classification of multimedia database for their visual exploration.We begin with a state of the art detailing the data and the metrics we can produce according to the nature of the variables describing each document. Follows a review of the projection and classification techniques. We also present in detail the Spectral Clustering method.Our first contribution is an original method that produces fusion of metrics using rank correlations. We validate this method on an animation movie database coming from an international festival. Then we propose a supervised classification method based on rank correlation. This contribution is evaluated on a multimedia challenge dataset. Then we focus on Spectral Clustering methods. We test a supervised Spectral Clustering technique and compare to state of the art methods. Finally we examine active semi-supervised Spectral Clustering methods. In this context, we propose and validate constraint propagation techniques and strategies to improve the convergence of these active methods
Chanay, Hugues de. "Structuration des champs lexicaux : perspectives sémantiques, cognitives, argumentatives." Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO20003.
Full textAn empiric study of the large lexical field of words referring to verbal behaviours shows that lexical meanings convey two independent types of categorization, that is semantic on the one hand and grammatical on the second hand. The description of the first combines three quite different theoric models: the structural approach, the theory of semantic prototypes and the theory of lexical topoi. In associating topoi with some features which belong to the structure of fields, it is possible to underline and treat phenomenons of so-called collective polysemy. Furthermore, every categorization can be negociated and speakers actually make use of these three components - structural features, prototypes, topoi - of lexical meanings. This is demonstrated in several examples of negociations about for instance mentir, critiquer, insulter, and the opposition between marie and celibataire. With regards to the latter, it is possible to consider that parts of speech (substantives, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) provide a cross categorization throughout the fields, which can be described by “notions” like substance, processus, property, that are related both to macrogeneric semantic features and to the psychomecanic theory of incidence. Adverbs - the part of speech we concentrate on - attribute properties to scenes. Their incidences are contextually determinated - with respect of the semantic field they belong to - by the semantic isotopies with linguistic, pragmatic, or referential context
Finel, Brigitte. "Structuration de lignes d'usinage : méthodes exactes et heuristiques." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Finel.Brigitte.SMZ0421.pdf.
Full textThe doctoral work deals with the preliminary stage of the design of transfer machining lines. To minimise the cost of such lines while respecting a desired productivity, the operations are grouped into blocks. All the operations of a same block are executed simultaneously by the same spindle-head. Spindle-heads of the same workstation are activated sequentially. The grouping of operations into blocks is limited by compatibility constraints of operations, by those due to the possibility to design corresponding spindle-heads and by those due to the compatibility between the spindle-heads to stay on the same workstation. We assume that all the constraints are established beforehand. The problem then consists in finding the grouping of operations into blocks and of blocks on workstations in such way that the weighted sum of workstations and blocks would be the smallest one as possible. We propose a set of new and efficient models and algorithms for this difficult problem. Our methods are based on two main approaches: mixed linear programming and stochastic search in a decision tree. The first approach is used to develop MIP models giving exact solutions for the considered problem but limited by its size; the second approach gives algorithms which do not guaranty the optimality of the solutions but which are faster. We have also combined the two approaches to obtain heuristic algorithms integrating exact models (using them for sub-problems). This coupling is based on the decomposition approach of the initial problem
Creff, Gaëlle. "Mécanismes de structuration de silices hybrides auto-assemblées." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20072.
Full textThis PhD work concerns the understanding of the self-assembling mechanisms of organic-inorganic hybrid silicas obtained via sol-gel route. The molecular precursors consist of an inorganic substructure with triethoxysilyl groups associated to an organic substructure which provides the self-organization properties. Two precursors are studied in this work. A fundamental study of mid and far infrared vibrational dynamic together with ab initio calculations of the two precursors are carried out. The influence of H-bond on infrared vibrational dynamic is studied. These results are then used to monitor the competition between covalent and non covalent interactions during the self-organization process. An in situ experimental study which combines optical microscopy, light scattering and infrared spectroscopy gives a better insight into the self-assembling kinetics of the two precursors. We propose a structuring model in solution dominated by activation barriers governed by H-bonds. The structure of the hybrid material in solid phase is determined from a structural study based on X-Ray diffraction. The investigation under pressure of the hybrid materials obtained after heating and freeze-drying shows that both the short order arrangement (H-bonds, polycondensation rate) and the mesoscopic structure strongly depend on this step