Journal articles on the topic 'Structural Tasmania'
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1
Parry, Jared, Jamie B. Kirkpatrick, and Jon Marsden-Smedley. "Explaining the distribution, structure and species composition of snow-patch vegetation in Tasmania, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (2016): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16094.
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The term ‘snow patch’ indicates an area in an alpine zone with distinct vegetation because snow persists there longer than in the surrounding areas. Snow patches are a well known rare and threatened ecosystem on mainland Australia, but little is known of their distribution and vegetation in Tasmania. We describe, and determine the environmental relationships of, snow patches and their vegetation in Tasmania. There are 119 snow patches in Tasmania, covering 86 ha in toto, 43 of which have some fjaeldmark vegetation and the rest of which have a complete vegetation cover. Snow patches are confined to the taller, more continental mountains where they occur on north-east- to east-facing slopes, with the surrounding alpine vegetation usually being free of persistent snow. Their considerable floristic and structural variability relates to substrate and climate. Within Tasmania, several species are largely restricted to snow patches. The high degree of Tasmanian endemism in the snow-patch vegetation makes it distinct from the snow-patch vegetation of mainland Australia. The Tasmanian snow patches are also distinct in their environmental conditions. In Tasmania, snow does not usually persist over the winter outside the 119 snow patches. There are five floristic communities in these patches, all being distinct from those in mainland Australian snow patches. The Tasmanian snow patches merit listing as a threatened ecosystem on the basis of their distinctiveness and restricted extent.
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Bendall, M. R., J. K. Volkman, D. E. Leaman, and C. F. Burrett. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EXPLORATION FOR OIL IN TASMANIA." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90007.
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Recent work on oil seeps, organic geochemistry, geophysics, structural geology and palaeontology suggests that there is considerable potential for onshore petroleum in Tasmania.Archival research has shown that hydrocarbon seeps were commonly reported in the first half of this century and that wildcats produced gas (at Port Sorell in the north) and oil (at Johnson's Well on Bruny Island, in the south). Almost all of the 270 historical hydrocarbon occurrences lie on lineaments revealed independently by gravity and magnetic surveys. The thermal maturity of conodonts from Ordovician and Siluro-Devonian carbonates suggests that much of the pre-Upper Carboniferous beneath the Tabberabberan unconformity is within the oil and gas windows.Organic geochemistry reveals a very close similarity between hydrocarbons from Ordovician limestones, those from the drill site at Bruny Island and with tar samples from the Tasmanian coast, but little similarity with the Permian Tasmanite Oil Shale, or with the Gippsland crudes and botryococcane-rich South Australian bitumens. The predominance of C27 steranes in Tasmanian bitumens suggests a widespread algal source and the abundant diasteranes imply a clay or silt-rich source that extends across much of Tasmania.Recent geophysical and structural work suggests that a thin skinned interpretation of Tasmania's structure is reasonable. Most sightings of hydrocarbons are associated with either faults or fractures which have post-Jurassic displacements or with intersections of major high angle faults with thrusts. The delineation of reservoirs within the thrust sheets is a priority.
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Turner, P. A. M., J. B. Kirkpatrick, and E. J. Pharo. "Bryophyte relationships with environmental and structural variables in Tasmanian old-growth mixed eucalypt forest." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 3 (2006): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04138.
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The species richness and species composition of bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) was recorded at 33 sites in Tasmanian old growth mixed eucalypt forest. A total of 202 bryophyte taxa were recorded, consisting of 115 liverworts and 87 mosses. This constitutes approximately one third of the total bryophyte flora for Tasmania. Mean liverwort species richness per site was higher than moss species richness. Latitude was found to be a positive predictor in all multiple regression models of bryophyte, moss and liverwort species richness. Mean annual temperature and rainfall of the driest month were positive predictors for bryophyte and liverwort species richness. Basal area of the treefern Dicksonia antarctica Labill. was a negative predictor of liverwort species richness. Latitude, variables relating to moisture, mean annual temperature, rainfall of the driest month and basal area of Dicksonia antarctica were the most significant components in predicting variation in bryophyte, moss and liverwort species composition. There were few relationships between the variables of canopy cover and soil nutrients and bryophyte species richness and composition. Substrate variables were found to be important components in predicting variation in moss and bryophyte species composition.
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Pye, Ruth J., David Pemberton, Cesar Tovar, Jose M. C. Tubio, Karen A. Dun, Samantha Fox, Jocelyn Darby, et al. "A second transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519691113.
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Clonally transmissible cancers are somatic cell lineages that are spread between individuals via the transfer of living cancer cells. There are only three known naturally occurring transmissible cancers, and these affect dogs, soft-shell clams, and Tasmanian devils, respectively. The Tasmanian devil transmissible facial cancer was first observed in 1996, and is threatening its host species with extinction. Until now, this disease has been consistently associated with a single aneuploid cancer cell lineage that we refer to as DFT1. Here we describe a second transmissible cancer, DFT2, in five devils located in southern Tasmania in 2014 and 2015. DFT2 causes facial tumors that are grossly indistinguishable but histologically distinct from those caused by DFT1. DFT2 bears no detectable cytogenetic similarity to DFT1 and carries a Y chromosome, which contrasts with the female origin of DFT1. DFT2 shows different alleles to both its hosts and DFT1 at microsatellite, structural variant, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci, confirming that it is a second cancer that can be transmitted between devils as an allogeneic, MHC-discordant graft. These findings indicate that Tasmanian devils have spawned at least two distinct transmissible cancer lineages and suggest that transmissible cancers may arise more frequently in nature than previously considered. The discovery of DFT2 presents important challenges for the conservation of Tasmanian devils and raises the possibility that this species is particularly prone to the emergence of transmissible cancers. More generally, our findings highlight the potential for cancer cells to depart from their hosts and become dangerous transmissible pathogens.
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Holm, O. H., and R. F. Berry. "Structural history of the Arthur Lineament, northwest Tasmania: An analysis of critical outcrops." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 2 (April 2002): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2002.00918.x.
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Hughes, Andy. "Meeting report: ANCOLD conference, Hobart, Tasmania, November 2010." Dams and Reservoirs 21, no. 1 (March 2011): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2011.21.1.7.
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Leaman, D. E., and R. G. Richardson. "Production of a residual gravity field map for Tasmania and some implications." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989181.
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The substantial gravity data base in Tasmania has been used to formulate a regional crustal model. This was derived by array modelling techniques for geological sources of crustal scale. A simultaneous solution for mantle, basement and granite forms was created by this means within a framework of realistic and internally consistent assumptions. The regional field derived from this geological model (including the ocean basins) is not dependent on any filtering or smoothing procedure and thus the magnitude and sign of any residuals is absolute. The residual map was produced by removing the effect of the crustal model at individual data points. The resultant map enables detailed and reliable modelling of upper crustal features as well as revealing crustal character hitherto concealed beneath post Carboniferous cover. An important example of the value of the residual separation is shown by the structural relationships exposed in NE Tasmania which involve gold mineralisation.
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Cotching, W. E., J. Cooper, L. A. Sparrow, B. E. McCorkell, W. Rowley, and K. Hawkins. "Effects of agricultural management on Vertosols in Tasmania." Soil Research 40, no. 8 (2002): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02026.
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Attributes of 21 Vertosols in 2 different regions of Tasmania were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine differences associated with 3 local forms of agricultural management (long-term pasture, rain-fed cropping and irrigated cropping). Vertosols in the northern Midlands had better physical properties (lesser bulk density and penetration resistance, and greater porosities and water holding capacities), poorer nutrient status (lower pH, exchangeable bases, and extractable P) and better biological properties (greater organic carbon (OC), carbon fractions F1 and F3, and more worms) than south-eastern Vertosols. When adjusted for clay content, cropped sites had less soil OC than pasture sites at 0–75 mm depth. Readily oxidisable (fraction F1) carbon in the surface 75 mm was 3.6 mg/g and 6.9 mg/g under long-term pasture compared with 2.5 mg/g and 3.9 mg/g in irrigated cropped paddocks on south-eastern and Midlands sites, respectively. Soil organic carbon values were positively correlated with physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller aggregates than cropped paddocks, which had more larger clods. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were less in rainfed cropped paddocks compared with long-term pasture but this effect was not apparent on irrigated cropped paddocks. Farmers considered that a majority of their soil attributes were healthy under all management histories but strategies for maintaining organic matter levels and minimising clod formation by tillage are essential for long-term sustainable use of these Vertosols.
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Balasso, Michelle, Andreja Kutnar, Eva Prelovšek Niemelä, Marica Mikuljan, Gregory Nolan, Nathan Kotlarewski, Mark Hunt, Andrew Jacobs, and Julianne O’Reilly-Wapstra. "Wood Properties Characterisation of Thermo-Hydro Mechanical Treated Plantation and Native Tasmanian Timber Species." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111189.
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Thermo-hydro mechanical (THM) treatments and thermo-treatments are used to improve the properties of wood species and enhance their uses without the application of chemicals. This work investigates and compares the effects of THM treatments on three timber species from Tasmania, Australia; plantation fibre-grown shining gum (Eucalyptus nitens H. Deane and Maiden), plantation saw-log radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) and native-grown saw-log timber of the common name Tasmanian oak (which can be any of E. regnans F. Muell, E. obliqua L’Hér and E. delegatensis L’Hér). Thin lamellae were compressed by means of THM treatment from 8 mm to a target final thickness of 5 mm to investigate the suitability for using THM-treated lamellas in engineered wood products. The springback, mass loss, set-recovery after soaking, dimensional changes, mechanical properties, and Brinell hardness were used to evaluate the effects of the treatment on the properties of the species. The results show a marked increase in density for all three species, with the largest increase presented by E. nitens (+53%) and the smallest by Tasmanian oak (+41%). E. nitens displayed improvements both in stiffness and strength, while stiffness decreased in P. radiata samples and strength in Tasmanian oak samples. E. nitens also displayed the largest improvement in hardness (+94%) with respect to untreated samples. P. radiata presented the largest springback whilst having the least mass loss. E. nitens and Tasmanian oak showed similar dimensional changes, whilst P. radiata timber had the largest thickness swelling and set-recovery due to the high water absorption (99%). This study reported the effects of THM treatments in less-known and commercially important timber species, demonstrating that the wood properties of a fibre-grown timber can be improved through the treatments, potentially increasing the utilisation of E. nitens for structural and higher quality timber applications.
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Cotching, W. E., J. Cooper, L. A. Sparrow, B. E. McCorkell, and W. Rowley. "Effects of agricultural management on dermosols in northern Tasmania." Soil Research 40, no. 1 (2002): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01006.
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Attributes of 15 Tasmanian dermosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine changes associated with 3 typical forms of agricultural management: long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, and cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements. Soil organic carbon in the surface 75 mm was 7.0% under long-term pasture compared with 4.3% and 4.2% in cropped paddocks. Microbial biomass carbon concentrations were 217 mg/kg, 161 mg/kg, and 139 mg/kg, respectively. These differences were negatively correlated with the number of years cropped. Greater bulk densities were found in the surface layer of cropped paddocks but these were not associated with increased penetration resistance or decreased infiltration rate and are unlikely to impede root growth. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller clods than cropped paddocks. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were lower in cropped paddocks than under long-term pasture. Many soil attributes showed no significant differences associated with management. Including potatoes in the rotation did not appear to affect these dermosols, which indicates a degree of robustness in these soils. clay loams, organic carbon, soil strength, aggregate stability, land management, cropping.
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Kirkpatrick, J. B., K. L. Bridle, and A. S. Wild. "Succession after fire in alpine vegetation on Mount Wellington, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 1 (2002): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00081.
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The vegetation on either side of fire boundaries in the alpine zone of Mount Wellington, Tasmania, was surveyed in 1978 and 1998. This combination of spatial and temporal sampling gave data for 16, 31, 36 and 51 years since burning. These data were used to test for convergence in vegetation characteristics through time between the areas burned in 1947 and those burned in 1962 and to determine whether lifeform is a reasonable predictor of the successional dynamics of species. While convergence largely prevailed, some lifeforms and species diverged and lifeform was generally a poor predictor of species responses. For example, size class analyses of the larger shrub species indicated a wide variety of successional responses to fire. The tall shrubs on Mt Wellington have higher percentages of tolerators and species relying on the soil seed store for postfire regeneration than physiognomically similar vegetation in more fire-prone environments. Fifty-one years after fire, there is evidence of continuing floristic and structural change in the alpine vegetation that may be partly related to recent climatic warming.
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Johnston, Matthew D., Danielle J. Johnston, and Alastair M. M. Richardson. "Mouthpart and digestive tract structure in four talitrid amphipods from a translittoral series in Tasmania." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 4 (August 2004): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009804h.
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Structural adaptations of the mouthparts and digestive tract of four talitrid amphipods were examined in relation to diet, habitat and phylogeny. The species differed in their habitat relative to the shoreline and also in their diet: a 5-dentate ‘sandrunner’, Talorchestia species II (a mid to low shore intertidal diatom feeder), a 5-dentate sandhopper, Talorchestia marmorata (a strandline kelp feeder); a 4-dentate sandhopper, Talorchestia species I (extreme high shore, feeding on spinifex grasses), and a 4-dentate landhopper, Keratroides vulgaris (forest leaf litter, litter feeding). Gross structural characteristics of the mouthparts were similar among all three Talorchestia species reflecting their phylogenetic relatedness. Increased setation and minor structural differences among the Talorchestia species could be attributed to dietary differences, reflecting the zones across the shoreline that they inhabit. Mouthparts of K. vulgaris were elongate, with markedly different setation to the Talorchestia species, reflecting its more distant phylogenetic position and its diet of decaying leaf litter. Digestive tract structure was more conserved among all species due to their phylogenetic relatedness. The gross digestive structure conformed to the general plan exhibited by most gammaridean amphipods. However, an additional pair of lateral pyloric caeca was evident in all species, the function of which is uncertain.
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Fraser, KM, RD Stuart-Smith, SD Ling, FJ Heather, and GJ Edgar. "Taxonomic composition of mobile epifaunal invertebrate assemblages on diverse benthic microhabitats from temperate to tropical reefs." Marine Ecology Progress Series 640 (April 23, 2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13295.
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Anthropogenic drivers are flattening reef structure from 3-dimensional habitats composed of macroalgae and live branching corals towards low-profile turfing algae. Our current understanding of the consequences of widespread reef degradation currently fails to consider the responses of small mobile invertebrates (‘epifauna’) to patterns of change amongst reef structural elements (‘microhabitats’). Here, the taxonomic composition of 152 epifaunal assemblages was compared among 21 structurally diverse benthic microhabitats across an Australian temperate to tropical climatic gradient, spanning 28.6 degrees in latitude from Tasmania to the northern Great Barrier Reef. Epifauna varied consistently with different microhabitat types, and to a much lesser extent with latitude. Macroalgae, live branching coral and turfing algae represented 3 extremes for epifaunal community structure, with most microhabitats possessing epifaunal assemblages intermediate between these endpoints. Amongst structural characteristics, epifauna related primarily to the degree of branching and hardness of microhabitats. Mobile invertebrate communities are likely to transform in predictable ways with the collapse of large erect macroalgae and live coral towards low-lying turf-associated communities.
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Millaniyage, Kuluni, Nathan Kotlarewski, Louise Wallis, Assaad Taoum, and Gregory Nolan. "Janka Hardness Evaluation of Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus nitens for Engineered Flooring Applications." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111862.
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Hardness is commonly used to determine the suitability of a timber species for flooring applications. In this study, Janka hardness test is conducted on sawlog managed Eucalyptus nitens and regrowth forest Eucalyptus obliqua sourced from Tasmania, Australia. Plantation E. nitens timber is currently entering the Australian market and the feasibility of using this fast grown species in value added applications such as timber flooring is advantageous. Further to testing Janka hardness on solid timber samples, a regime of engineered timber flooring prototypes consisting of plantation E. nitens top layers, veneers and solid densified E. nitens boards were developed and subjected to Janka hardness test. The results were compared against solid E. obliqua flooring and a commercially available engineered flooring product with Tasmanian Oak top layer. The results showed that Janka hardness of plantation grown E. nitens, and E. obliqua currently available in the market are lower than the values published in the literature. This indicates that the material properties of fast grown plantation timber and regrowth forest material are different to the native forest timber properties published decades earlier. Furthermore, some of the tested engineered flooring prototypes showed similar behaviour to timber flooring products currently in market, suggesting that E. nitens engineered flooring would be suitable for domestic/light commercial flooring applications despite the general conception of unsuitability due to lower densities.
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Moore, A. M. G., J. B. Willcox, N. F. Exon, and G. W. O'Brien. "CONTINENTAL SHELF BASINS ON THE WEST TASMANIA MARGIN." APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91018.
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The continental margin of western Tasmania is underlain by the southern Otway Basin and the Sorell Basin. The latter lies mainly under the continental slope, but it includes four sub-basins (the King Island, Sandy Cape, Strahan and Port Davey sub-basins) underlying the continental shelf. In general, these depocentres are interpreted to have formed at the 'relieving bends' of a major left-lateral strike-slip fault system, associated with 'southern margin' extension and breakup (seafloor spreading). The sedimentary fill could have commenced in the Jurassic; however, the southernmost sub-basins (Strahan and Port Davey) may be Late Cretaceous and Paleocene, respectively.Maximum sediment thickness is about 4300 m in the southern Otway Basin, 3600 m in the King Island Sub-basin, 5100 m in the Sandy Cape Basin, 6500 m in the Strahan Sub-basin, and 3000 m in the Port Davey Sub-basin. Megasequences in the shelf basins are similar to those in the Otway Basin, and are generally separated by unconformities. There are Lower Cretaceous non-marine conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones, which probably include the undated red beds recovered in two wells, and Upper Cretaceous shallow marine to non-marine conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones. The Cainozoic sequence often commences with a basal conglomerate, and includes Paleocene to Lower Eocene shallow marine sandstones, mudstones and marl, Eocene shallow marine limestones, marls and sandstones, and Oligocene and younger shallow marine marls and limestones.The presence of active source rocks has been demonstrated by the occurrence of free oil near TD in the Cape Sorell-1 well (Strahan Sub-basin), and thermogenic gas from surficial sediments recovered from the upper continental slope and the Sandy Cape Sub-basin. Geohistory maturation modelling of wells and source rock 'kitchens' has shown that the best locations for liquid hydrocarbon entrapment in the southern Otway Basin are in structural positions marginward of the Prawn-1 well location. In such positions, basal Lower Cretaceous source rocks could charge overlying Pretty Hill Sandstone reservoirs. In the King Island Sub-Basin, the sediments encountered by the Clam-1 well are thermally immature, though hydrocarbons generated from within mature Lower Cretaceous rocks in adjacent depocentres could charge traps, providing that suitable migration pathways are present. Whilst no wells have been drilled in the Sandy Cape Sub-basin, basal Cretaceous potential source rocks are considered to have entered the oil window in the early Late Cretaceous, and are now capable of generating gas/condensate. Upper Cretaceous rocks appear to have entered the oil window in the Paleocene. In the Strahan Sub-Basin, mature Cretaceous sediments in the depocentres are available to traps, though considerable migration distances would be required.It is concluded that the west Tasmania margin, which has five strike-slip related depocentres and the potential to have generated and entrapped hydrocarbons, is worthy of further consideration by the exploration industry. The more prospective areas are the southern Otway Basin, and the Sandy Cape and Strahan sub-basins of the Sorell Basin.
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Flynn, Erin M., Susan M. Jones, Menna E. Jones, Gregory J. Jordan, and Sarah A. Munks. "Characteristics of mammal communities in Tasmanian forests: exploring the influence of forest type and disturbance history." Wildlife Research 38, no. 1 (2011): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10025.
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Context With increasing pressure worldwide on forest habitat, it is crucial to understand faunal ecology to effectively manage and minimise impacts of anthropogenic habitat disturbance. Aims This study assessed whether differences in forest type and disturbance history were reflected in small to medium mammal communities found in Tasmania’s production forests. Methods Trapping was conducted in spring and summer, and autumn and winter during 2007–08 at four dry Eucalyptus forest sites (two regenerating after harvest and two in relatively undisturbed forest) in south-east Tasmania, and four wet Eucalyptus forest sites (two regenerating after harvest and two in relatively undisturbed forest) in north-east Tasmania. All sites were embedded within a matrix of mature or older aged regenerating forest. Key results Thirteen mammal species were recorded across all sites. There was no difference in species diversity or richness between forest type or disturbance regime, but species composition differed. Total number of individual animals and captures was influenced strongly by forest type and disturbance history, with most animals captured in the dry disturbed forest sites. Abundance of some species (e.g. bettongs and potoroos) was higher in disturbed sites than undisturbed sites. Brushtail possum numbers (adults and offspring), however, were lower in disturbed sites and populations displayed a male biased adult sex ratio and lower breeding frequency. Habitat structural complexity and vegetation diversity within core sites, and age structure of the forest in the surrounding landscape did not vary significantly, indicating that broad resource (food and refuge) availability was equivalent across sites. Conclusions In general, the small to medium mammals in this study did not appear to be significantly affected by forest harvesting in the medium term. Implications Although past harvesting altered the abundance of some habitat features (e.g. canopy cover, basal area of trees, and tree hollow availability), we suggest that the availability of such features in the surrounding landscape may mitigate the potential effects of disturbance on the species for which such habitat features are important.
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Corbett, Michael, Sharon Fraser, Robyn Reaburn, Heidi Smith, Janine Roberts, and Jill Fielding-Wells. "Building A New Generation: Community Expectations On Raising Aspirations In Rural Tasmania." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 27, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v27i3.139.
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This paper analyses a community-based educational program involving private and public sector partners instituted in a small city in northern Tasmania. The program represents part of a state-wide initiative to challenge the persistence of structural educational disadvantage and what is understood to be an entrenched “culture†that is insufficiently attuned to the necessity of further education. In this paper, we analyse this program from the perspective of key community partners drawing on a series of semi-structured interviews. We offer an analytic framework that suggests an integrated approach to thinking about supporting educational achievement, attainment and retention in regional Australia. It is our view while there is much that regional communities struggling with change can learn from this program, there are conceptual limitations in the way the problem of educational achievement is understood that should be enhanced by a more comprehensive understanding.
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Blackburn, David, Mario Vega, Robert Yong, Donovan Britton, and Gregory Nolan. "Factors influencing the production of structural plywood in Tasmania, Australia from Eucalyptus nitens rotary peeled veneer." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 80, no. 4 (February 2, 2018): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2017.1420730.
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Gibson, N., and JB Kirkpatrick. "Effects of the Cessation of Grazing on the Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands of the Central Plateau, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Botany 37, no. 1 (1989): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9890055.
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The response of grassy vegetation to exclusion from grazing was found to be related to a major productivity gradient in the central highlands of Tasmania. All sites showed a trend toward increased structural complexity, a decrease in bare ground and a decrease in species richness when grazing was excluded. However, the effect was much more pronounced at sites of high productivity. These findings support the theory that species richness is a function of both disturbance and the rate of competitive exclusion (site quality), and support suggestions that stock grazing is inappropriate above 1000 m on the Central Plateau.
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Julian, Roberta, Isabelle Bartkowiak-Théron, Jackie Hallam, and Clarissa Hughes. "Exploring law enforcement and public health as a collective impact initiative: lessons learned from Tasmania as a case study." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-03-2017-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential benefits as well as some of the practical barriers to the implementation of a collective impact initiative in law enforcement and public health (LEPH) in Tasmania, Australia. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a review of programs, agencies and initiatives that are at the intersection of LEPH in Tasmania, through an analysis of the findings in evaluation reports, and the views of practitioners identified at a workshop on LEPH held at a national AOD conference and facilitated by the authors. Findings The strengths of collective impact initiatives, particularly in LEPH, are presented and some weaknesses identified. Some major obstacles to the consolidation of LEPH initiatives include siloed ways of working and budgets, lack of leadership and political will. Some progress has been made in addressing these weaknesses, although addressing complex social problems by moving beyond inter-agency collaboration toward an integrated model of service provision remains challenging. Practical implications The authors argue that there are practical benefits to the adoption of a collective impact model to address problems in Tasmania that lie at the nexus between LEPH. In reviewing existing collaborations, the authors demonstrate the value of a structural mapping process to identify ways forward for government and non-government agencies that are inclined to go further in merging the two disciplinary areas. The authors offer some suggestions with respect to identifying the preconditions for a collective impact model and how to build on these to initiate action. Originality/value A significant proportion of the literature on LEPH remains at a conceptual and theoretical level. This contribution highlights some practical issues while looking at existing examples of collaboration across LEPH at a state level in Australia, and starts mapping a way forward for constructing more integrative LEPH initiatives.
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WELLS, ALICE, KJELL ARNE JOHANSON, and PETER DOSTINE. "Why are so many species based on a single specimen?" Zoosymposia 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5.
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A considerable number of insect species, including Trichoptera, are described from a single specimen, also known as a 'unique' or a 'singleton'. We ask the question of whether this reflects failure to consider variation and related species, lack of collecting effort, or true rarity. In an attempt to answer this question we examine the available literature and data on the Trichoptera of Tasmania and New Caledonia. We note a low level of taxonomic synonymy among species in these faunas. Moreover, a significant proportion of species from Tasmania that were based originally on singletons have been re-collected subsequently, but this is not true for New Caledonia. The possible significance of these figures is considered following examination of data on diversity and abundance of Hydroptilidae collected by regular, standardised light trapping over almost two years at a northern Australian tropical stream. We conclude that quite a large proportion of the Trichoptera species based on singletons are rare, valid species, but for others the appearance of rarity may be a consequence of inadequate collecting, particular behavioural attributes of the species, including seasonality, and failure to consider fully the structural diversity of related species. Lastly, we discuss briefly the consequences of rarity, apparent or real, on conservation management.
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Noll, CA, and M. Hall. "Structural architecture of the Owen Conglomerate, West Coast Range, western Tasmania: field evidence for Late Cambrian extension." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 3 (June 2005): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090500134563.
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Read, J. J. "Seismic reflection investigations of the Hellyer orebody and Que-Hellyer volcanics, North West Tasmania." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989159.
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Two separate seismic reflection surveys have been conducted over Aberfoyle Resources Hellyer orebody and the enclosing Cambrian Que-Hellyer volcanics. The initial survey, conducted as a test case to determine if seismic reflection techniques could detect massive sulphide orebodies at depth, successfully identified the Hellyer orebody, which was found to have a characteristic seismic expression. Identification and mapping of stratigraphic units within the Que-Hellyer volcanics was also possible due to the good geological control available.The second survey did not successfully identify the Hellyer orebody, although some information relating to the structure of the enclosing basin could be inferred from the seismic data. Due to data degradation conventional seismic interpretation techniques could not be applied to the second survey.High resolution seismic surveys can detect massive sulphide orebodies if low velocity overburden problems are eliminated and high frequency data is collected. High resolution surveys can also provide structural and stratigraphic information between widely spaced drill holes in volcanic terrains.
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Bowkett, L. A., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. "Ecology and conservation of remnant Melaleuca ericifolia stands in the Tamar Valley, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 4 (2003): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02071.
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Floristic and structural variation in Melaleuca ericifolia-dominated vegetation in the Tamar Valley, Tasmania, appears to be closely related to two major environmental gradients—drainage and soil fertility. Species-poor, dense and tall estuarine paperbark forest occupies fertile alluvial ground with gentle slopes close to the estuary. Sedgy paperbark forest occupies more sloping, but still relatively fertile ground. Coastal paperbark scrub occupies poorly drained ground of relatively low fertility. Grassy paperbark forest occurs in areas of better drainage and relatively high fertility. Size-class distribution data from 40 stands indicate that the trees in M. ericifolia forests and scrubs in large areas of continuous natural vegetation tend to be even-aged, indicating regeneration after burning, while those in more fragmented vegetation tend to have a variety of size classes, suggesting more continuous regeneration events. Stands close to sources of exotic disseminules have significantly higher exotic species cover than those more remote, with exotic cover also influenced by N and available P in the topsoil. The Native Point Nature Reserve and Asbestos Range National Park are two of the few places in the region where M.�ericifolia forest and scrub can be expected to survive in good condition. However, regeneration of M. ericifolia occurs even in fragmented stands with high exotic cover in the understorey.
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Vandenberg, Miriam, Si Fan, Nick Cooling, Keith M. Harris, and James Chin. "Skilled migration: a structural determinant of health." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 15, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2018-0053.
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Purpose Attention on world migration has mostly focused on economic and inter-personal impacts, leaving a large gap in our understanding of how migration can affect migrants’ health. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the interdependent experiences of skilled migrants, as they undertake the latter part of their journey of skilled migration and resettle into their adopted homeland, can be conceptualised as a structural determinant of health. Design/methodology/approach In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews collected data on skilled migrants’ experiences, including health impacts, related to their migration to Tasmania, Australia. A social determinants of health (SDOH) framework and Bourdieu’s theory of practice were applied to interpret the findings. Findings In total, 16 skilled migrants, from several nations and occupations, provided wide-ranging accounts of social inclusion and exclusion, and frequently reported experiencing psychological stress. There were also some reports of improved mental health. The migration process shapes life’s chances and choices. Many migrants reported access to important social, economic and cultural resources, however, good health was also impeded by equally significant systemic barriers. Research limitations/implications The sample is small and confined to a geographically isolated location, and did not include all types of skilled migrants. Practical implications Countries resettling skilled migrants should modify systems to promote rather than inhibit wellbeing, e.g. government and industry partnerships to facilitate employability and enhance access to supportive information about the migration process. Originality/value This is the first known study to link Bourdieu’s theory to SDOH relevant to skilled migrants. This approach helped reveal the prominence of structural factors beyond the control of migrants but potentially modifiable by the host country. This study illustrates the importance of examining both positive and negative health outcomes associated with migration, and how these factors relate to theory and policy.
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Hill, K. A., D. M. Finlayson, K. C. Hill, and G. T. Cooper. "MESOZOIC TECTONICS OF THE OTWAY BASIN REGION: THE LEGACY OF GONDWANA AND THE ACTVE PACIFIC MARGIN—A REVIEW AND ONGOING RESEARCH." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94030.
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Mesozoic extension along Australia's southern margin and the evolution and architecture of the Otway Basin were probably controlled by three factors: 1) changes in global plate movements driven by mantle processes; 2) the structural grain of Palaeozoic basement; and, 3) changes in subduction along Gondwana's Pacific margin. Major plate realignments controlled the Jurassic onset of rifting, the mid-Cretaceous break-up and the Eocene onset of rapid spreading in the Southern Ocean.The initial southern margin rift site was influenced by the northern limit of Pacific margin (extensional) Jurassic dolerites and the rifting may have terminated dolerite emplacement. Changed conditions of Pacific margin subduction (e.g. ridge subduction) in the Aptian may have placed the Australia-Antarctic plates into minor compression, abating Neocomian southern margin rifting. It also produced vast amounts of volcanolithic sediment from the Pacific margin arc that was funnelled down the rift graben, causing additional regional subsidence due to loading. Albian orogenic collapse of the Pacific margin, related to collision with the Phoenix Plate, influenced mid-Cretaceous breakup propagating south of Tasmania and into the Tasman Sea.Major offsets of the spreading axis during breakup, at the Tasman and Spencer Fracture zones, were most likely controlled by the location of Palaeozoic terrane boundaries. The Tasman Fracture System was reactivated during break-up, with considerable uplift and denudation of the Bass failed rift to the east, which controlled Otway Basin facies distribution. Palaeozoic structures also had a significant effect in determining the half graben orientations within a general N-S extensional regime during early Cretaceous rifting. The late Cretaceous second stage of rifting, seaward of the Tartwaup, Timboon and Sorell fault zones, left a stable failed rift margin to the north, but the attenuated lithosphere of the Otway-Sorell microplate to the south records repeated extension that led to continental separation and may be part of an Antarctic upper plate.
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Abbott-Chapman, Joan, Robbie Johnston, and Timothy Jetson. "Rural Parents' School Choices: Affective, Instrumental and Structural Influences." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 27, no. 3 (July 24, 2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v27i3.142.
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The paper discusses qualitative findings from an in-depth study of the school choices of 65 parents living in rural and remote areas of Tasmania and their views about the need for their children to move out of the area to pursue education at secondary and post-secondary level. A constructivist analysis of open-ended survey questions and focus group discussions formed part of a broader mixed-methods approach and probed the affective 'subtext' of instrumental survey responses. Findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction of affective, instrumental and structural factors influencing rural parents' educational decision-making in the neo-liberal policy context, especially with regard to decisions perceived by parents as 'risky' with respect to their own future employment and financial expectations. External threats to rural livelihoods, such as economic downturns and natural disasters create parents' feelings of anxiety about children's educational futures and are experienced differently by those living on farming properties or in small rural towns. Parents' perceptions of local and urban school availability, access and quality differ by locality and region. Educational outcomes reflect multidimensional structural, socio-economic and cultural constraints shaping school choice. Membership of voluntary associations, which provides supportive informational networks and develops shared social capital, appears to help parents to overcome socio-economic inequalities and improve their children's prospects of educational success. The interplay of social class, gender and place attachment is examined with reference to Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and disposition, as well as the processes by which parents try to transmit intergenerational advantage through educational choices.
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Bombardieri, Daniel, Mark Duffett, Andrew McNeill, Mike Vicary, and Rod Paterson. "3D geophysical modeling of the Alberton-Mathinna section of the “Main Slide,” northeast Tasmania." Interpretation 8, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): T525—T540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0073.1.
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We have developed a high-resolution 3D model of the Alberton-Mathinna section of the “Main Slide,” northeast Tasmania. This geological model expresses a new synthesis based on mapping and structural interpretation on multiple cross sections. We have refined this model by 3D geophysical inversion constrained by gravity and magnetic survey data coupled with drilling and rock physical property databases. Our modeling incorporates statistically generated sensitivity characterization metrics into 3D model products that map confidence in the geometry of geological units at depth. The results include a granitoid surface that is considerably more detailed than earlier versions based on 2D modeling. Among the new features to emerge is a cupola 1.6 km below and slightly west of the Mathinna goldfield. At the Ringarooma United deposit located within the Alberton goldfield, we seethat the fault network underpinning the deposit was intruded by granite to a depth of approximately 400 m. Ore-forming solutions for both deposits have been interpreted as metamorphic in origin, but our results suggest the possibility of a role for magmatic fluids (i.e., granite related) in the gold-mineralizing system, particularly for the Ringarooma United deposit.
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Corbett, K. D., and T. C. Lees. "Stratigraphic and structural relationships and evidence for Cambrian deformation at the western margin of the Mt Read Volcanics, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 1 (March 1987): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098708729393.
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Leonard, Steven W. J., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. "Effects of grazing management and environmental factors on native grassland and grassy woodland, Northern Midlands, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 4 (2004): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03106.
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Most remnants of lowland grassland and grassy woodland in Tasmania are grazed by sheep. In some instances, grazed remnants have high conservation value, indicating that grazing and biodiversity conservation are not necessarily conflicting management goals. However, few data exist on the management practices most conducive to maintaining conservation values. The present study examined native grassland and grassy woodland subject to seven different sheep-grazing regimes in the Northern Midlands bioregion of Tasmania and sought to identify the effects of management and environmental factors on vegetation structure and composition. Structural and compositional differences between grassland and woodland, and herbivore scat counts, suggested that grazing disturbance was more intense in grassland than in woodland. Floristic differences within the vegetation appeared to be related to differences in grazing regime. Occurrence of species not commonly observed in grassy vegetation was associated with the resting of pastures in spring, while more intensely grazed sites contained assemblages of species typical of disturbed areas. Exotic invasion was greatest at sites that were not rested and/or had higher stocking rates, and at more eroded sites. Thus, resting and/or low stocking rates were associated with good condition in the grassland and grassy woodland. The nature of differences in vegetation attributes between woodland and grassland suggests that grazer habitat preference increases the differences between these vegetation types. Relatively minor variation in grazing regime was found to have resulted in distinct floristic outcomes, suggesting that the maintenance of a range of management regimes may be conducive to the maintenance of plant species diversity at a landscape scale.
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Camarretta, Nicolò, Peter A. Harrison, Arko Lucieer, Brad M. Potts, Neil Davidson, and Mark Hunt. "Handheld Laser Scanning Detects Spatiotemporal Differences in the Development of Structural Traits among Species in Restoration Plantings." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091706.
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A major challenge in ecological restoration is assessing the success of restoration plantings in producing habitats that provide the desired ecosystem functions and services. Forest structural complexity and biomass accumulation are key measures used to monitor restoration success and are important factors determining animal habitat availability and carbon sequestration. Monitoring their development through time using traditional field measurements can be costly and impractical, particularly at the landscape-scale, which is a common requirement in ecological restoration. We explored the application of proximal sensing technology as an alternative to traditional field surveys to capture the development of key forest structural traits in a restoration planting in the Midlands of Tasmania, Australia. We report the use of a hand-held laser scanner (ZEB1) to measure annual changes in structural traits at the tree-level, in a mixed species common-garden experiment from seven- to nine-years after planting. Using very dense point clouds, we derived estimates of multiple structural traits, including above ground biomass, tree height, stem diameter, crown dimensions, and crown properties. We detected annual increases in most LiDAR-derived traits, with individual crowns becoming increasingly interconnected. Time by species interaction were detected, and were associated with differences in productivity between species. We show the potential for remote sensing technology to monitor temporal changes in forest structural traits, as well as to provide base-line measures from which to assess the restoration trajectory towards a desired state.
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Wang, XJ, PJ Smethurst, and AM Herbert. "Relationships between three measures of organic matter or carbon in soils of eucalypt plantations in Tasmania." Soil Research 34, no. 4 (1996): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960545.
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Organic carbon or organic matter in acidic Tasmanian soils supporting eucalypt plantations was measured by dry combustion using a LECO CHIN-1000 Analyzer (CT), wet oxidation by the Walkley-Black method (CW&B), and loss-on-ignition (LOI at 375°C). CT and CW&B were highly correlated in 119 surface and subsoil samples, and on average, CW&B provided near complete recovery of CT (97%). Although LOI may have released some structural water from the fine-textured soils, and apart from granite-derived soils which need further study, strong regressions were found between LOI and both CW&B and CT which were specific for either basalt or non-basalt soils. Within the non-basalt soils, parent material had little effect on these relationships, although there were large differences in C concentrations of surface soils between soils of different parent materials. The relationships of CW&B and CT to LOI in the basalt soils were significantly different from those in the non-basalt soils.
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Leaman, D. E., A. V. Brown, and E. Williams. "Discussion: stratigraphic and structural relationships and evidence for Cambrian deformation at the western margin of the Mt Read Volcanics, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 4 (December 1987): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098708729432.
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Thompson, Herb. "The APPM Dispute: The Dinosaur and Turtles vs the ACTU." Economic and Labour Relations Review 3, no. 2 (December 1992): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469200300208.
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This article examines the Australian Pulp and Paper Mills Ltd. (APPM) dispute which took place in Burnie, Tasmania between March 3 and June 10, 1992. The dispute is placed within the context of major changes in Australian industrial relations, which have been in process since 1986. Management and unions throughout Australia are still experimenting with a variety of industrial weapons to achieve their aims and goals within the parameters of the “Structural Efficiency Principle” and “enterprise bargaining”, constructed in Accords III through VI, from 1986 to the present. It is argued that the crucial change during the past six years has been the ability of companies to re-establish managerial prerogative through litigation. This has provided management with the power to confront secondary issues and agents of change such as the Accord, the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, Structural Efficiency, Enterprise Bargaining and Restructuring with a new vigour, toughness and effectuality. Increasingly docile, debilitated and legally disabled union officials and workers seem to be coming to the view that a union victory occurs if the company agrees to abide by the law while directing its workforce, and recognises the workers' right to be represented by a “third party”.
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Bosi, Ferdinando, Henrik Skogby, Ulf Hålenius, Marco E. Ciriotti, and Stuart J. Mills. "Lowering R3m Symmetry in Mg-Fe-Tourmalines: The Crystal Structures of Triclinic Schorl and Oxy-Dravite, and the Mineral luinaite-(OH) Discredited." Minerals 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040430.
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Discreditation of the monoclinic tourmaline mineral species luinaite-(OH), ideally (Na,▯)(Fe2+,Mg)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 was approved by the IMA-CNMNC (proposal 21-L) and is described. We analyzed two luinaite-(OH) samples: one from the type locality Cleveland tin mine, Luina, Waratah, Tasmania, Australia, and the other from Blue Mountain Saddle (Bald Hornet Claim), North Bend, King County, Washington, DC, USA. Biaxial (−) crystals representative of the studied samples were spectroscopically (Mössbauer, polarized Fourier transform infrared, optical absorption spectroscopy), chemically (nuclear microprobe analysis and electron microprobe analysis), and structurally characterized (single-crystal X-ray diffraction). Results show the occurrence of a triclinic structure for the studied luinaite-(OH) samples, which differs only in terms of a slight structural distortion from typical trigonal tourmaline structure (the topology of the structure is retained). As a result, following the IMA-CNMNC and tourmaline nomenclature rules, the triclinic luinaite-(OH) from the type locality (Australia) can be considered as the triclinic dimorph of schorl, as its chemical composition corresponds to schorl, and thus it should be referred as schorl-1A. Similarly, the triclinic sample from the USA can be considered as the triclinic dimorph of oxy-dravite, as its chemical composition corresponds to oxy-dravite, and then is referred to as oxy-dravite-1A.
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Stacey, Andrew, Cameron Mitchell, Goutam Nayak, Heike Struckmeyer, Michael Morse, Jennie Totterdell, and George Gibson. "Geology and petroleum prospectivity of the deepwater Otway and Sorell basins: new insights from an integrated regional study." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10072.
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The frontier deepwater Otway and Sorell basins lie offshore of southwestern Victoria and western Tasmania at the eastern end of Australia’s Southern Rift System. The basins developed during rifting and continental separation between Australia and Antarctica from the Cretaceous to Cenozoic. The complex structural and depositional history of the basins reflects their location in the transition from an orthogonal–obliquely rifted continental margin (western–central Otway Basin) to a transform continental margin (southern Sorell Basin). Despite good 2D seismic data coverage, these basins remain relatively untested and their prospectivity poorly understood. The deepwater (> 500 m) section of the Otway Basin has been tested by two wells, of which Somerset–1 recorded minor gas shows. Three wells have been drilled in the Sorell Basin, where minor oil shows were recorded near the base of Cape Sorell–1. As part of the federal government-funded Offshore Energy Security Program, Geoscience Australia has acquired new aeromagnetic data and used open file seismic datasets to carry out an integrated regional study of the deepwater Otway and Sorell basins. Structural interpretation of the new aeromagnetic data and potential field modelling provide new insights into the basement architecture and tectonic history, and highlights the role of pre-existing structural fabric in controlling the evolution of the basins. Regional scale mapping of key sequence stratigraphic surfaces across the basins, integration of the regional structural analysis, and petroleum systems modelling have resulted in a clearer understanding of the tectonostratigraphic evolution and petroleum prospectivity of this complex basin system.
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West, P. W., C. L. Beadle, and C. R. A. Turnbull. "Mechanistically based, allometric models to predict tree diameter and height in even-aged monoculture of Eucalyptusregnans F. Muell." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-038.
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A randomly selected sample of 22 trees was felled in a stand in a 20-year-old monoculture of Eucalyptusregnans F. Muell. in southern Tasmania. One-half of the trees were from a section of the stand that had been heavily thinned 10 years previously, and the remainder were from the unthinned section. The trees were sectioned and the fresh weights of their stems (including bark) and crowns (leaves plus branches) determined. By combining a geometrical argument about the shape of tree stems with a structural argument about their vertical stability, allometric relationships were established relating tree diameter at breast height or tree height to total aboveground weight and the ratio of crown to stem weight. These relationships were found to hold in both the thinned and unthinned sections of the experiment. When combined with a model to predict biomass of individual trees, these models can be used to predict diameter or height of individual trees in E. regnans monoculture.
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Ganguly-Scrase, Ruchira, and Roberta Julian. "The Gendering of Identity: Minority Women in Comparative Perspective." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 6, no. 3-4 (September 1997): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689700600308.
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This paper explores the centrality of gender in the construction of minority identities. We adopt a comparative perspective to analyze its significance in the contexts of internal and international migration within the Asia-Pacific region, the former being within contiguous parts of West Bengal, India by the Rabi Das and the latter from the mountains of Laos to Tasmania, Australia by Hmong refugees. In both cases, gender relations are fundamental to the process of identity construction. Nevertheless, the histories of minority status and the strategies adopted by men and women as they construct, re-construct and resist identities vary in the two diverse contexts. We focus on exploring the role of women's resistance and pro-active involvement in the restructuring of identity. Through an analysis of the intersection of ethnicity, gender and class in the construction of minority identities we highlight the need to firstly, avoid essentialist ways of defining gender and ethnic identity, and secondly to examine structural constraints and agency among minority women.
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Williamson, P. E., C. J. Pigram, J. B. Colwell, A. S. Scherl, K. L. Lockwood, and J. C. Branson. "PRE-EOCENE STRATIGRAPHY, STRUCTURE, AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE BASS BASIN." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84031.
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Exploration in the Bass Basin has mainly concentrated on the Eocene part of the Eastern View Coal Measures with the pre-Eocene stratigraphy hardly being tested. Structural mapping using a good quality Bureau of Mineral Resources regional seismic survey and infill industry seismic data, in conjunction with seismic stratigraphy and well data, has generated an understanding of the structure and stratigraphy of the pre- Eocene basin, which suggests that exploration potential exists in structural and stratigraphic leads of both Paleocene and Cretaceous age.The Paleocene structure is influenced by the reactivation of normal faults developed at the time of the mid Cretaceous rift unconformity and reflects drape over deeper features. Consequently fault dependent structural closures often persist from Paleocene to (?)Jurassic levels. Possible stratigraphic traps are also observed against horst blocks and around the basin margins. The longitudinal fault directions are northwest and west northwest with an oblique northerly direction and a prevailing north northeasterly transverse direction.The Paieocene and Upper Cretaceous part of the Eastern View Coal Measures consists of sands, shales and coals deposited in alluvial fans, on flood plains, and in lakes. These are underlain by Early Cretaceous Otway Groups, sands, shales and volcanics. Both intervals have potential reservoir and source rocks and often occur at mature depths. No pre-Otway Group sediments have been encountered in wells in the Bass Basin. However, the Permo- Carboniferous and possibly Triassic strata that occur in Northern Tasmania exhibit reservoir and source rock potential and may extend offshore beneath the Bass Basin.Pre-Eocene structural and stratigraphic studies of the Bass Basin thus point to reservoir and hydrocarbon source potential for possible multiple hydrocarbon exploration targets.
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Lancaster, Orrin, Remo Cossu, Craig Heatherington, Scott Hunter, and Tom E. Baldock. "Field Observations of Scour Behavior around an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030320.
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This study provides the first ever published measurements of scour and morphological change around an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) device at a real-world site, with the intention of informing future designs to reduce costs of the technology. A 200-kW prototype OWC WEC was deployed at King Island, Tasmania, Australia in January 2021, providing a unique opportunity to monitor the device using a combination of dive footage, multi-beam surveys and bedrock surveys. Settlement of the device was observed and monitored before ceasing once the foundation made contact with the underlying bedrock at the site. It is hypothesized that the settlement is caused by scour undermining the gravity structure’s foundations. The processes causing this scour are explored and possible future design modifications are suggested to reduce the risk of scour and settlement.
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Yunusa, I. A. M., P. M. Mele, M. A. Rab, C. R. Schefe, and C. R. Beverly. "Priming of soil structural and hydrological properties by native woody species, annual crops, and a permanent pasture." Soil Research 40, no. 2 (2002): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01038.
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Impermeable subsoil is a major constraint to root growth and water infiltration in most duplex soils of Australia, but can be ameliorated by channels or biopores created by dead and decomposed roots of plant species that are adapted to these soils. In the current study, we evaluated whether a 6-year phase of native woody species planted in belts created sufficient biopores to significantly improve the soil structure of a yellow Chromosol, us (but not E. nitens) plantations in Tasmania because of low mean minimum temperatures. Conditions within 3 weeks of planting induced severe photoinhibition in non-shaded seedlings. This was associated with increased anthocyanin and photodamage in non-shaded E. nitens and E. globulus. As a result, there was 20% mortality in non-shaded E. globulus. In contrast, shaded seedlings of both species had levels of photoinhibition and anthocyanin that were largely similar to those before planting and there was no photodamage. Levels of anthocyanin indicated that its synthesis responded to the severity of photoinhibition. Height growth and levels of mortality indicated that cold-induced photoinhibition, and not frost tolerance alone, determines the range of environments where E. globulus can be successfully planted. In contrast, the tolerance of E. nitens seedlings to cold-induced photoinhibition may be a factor in the demonstrated success of this species as a high-altitude plantation species. subsoil constraint, Acacia spp., Eucalyptus spp., Casuarina spp., biological drilling, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, preferential flow.
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Corbett, K. D., and T. C. Lees. "Reply to discussion: Stratigraphic and structural relationships and evidence for Cambrian deformation at the western margin of the Mt Read Volcanics, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 4 (December 1987): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098708729433.
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Monamy, V. "Population dynamics of, and habitat use by, Austrlian native rodents in wet sclerophyll forest, Tasmania II. Pseudomys higginsi (Rodentia : Muridae)." Wildlife Research 22, no. 6 (1995): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950661.
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A local population of Tasmanian long-tailed mice, Pseudomys higginsi, occupying an area of wet sclerophyll forest at low density was studied for 13 months using mark-recapture techniques. Individuals in the trappable population were readily recaught (29 individuals caught 183 times). Demographic data are presented for a single age cohort born in 1989 (21 individuals trapped 126 times) and surviving until the end of the trapping programme (April 1990). Habitat use was investigated by comparing data from individuals active within four contiguous areas of forest displaying structural and floristic heterogeneity. Trap-revealed habitat use indicated that P. higginsi was completely absent from areas of thickest ground cover where densities of the sympatric murid, Rams lutreolus velutinus, were highest. Conversely, captures of P. higginsi were highest in areas of boulder scree where captures of R. 1. velutinus were lower than expected. Relative numbers of individuals active in each macrohabitat group are examined and a role for interspecific competition between these rodent species is inferred.
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Kirkpatrick, JB. "The Viability of Bush in Cities ̵2 10 Years of Change in an Urban Grassy Woodland." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 6 (1986): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860691.
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The Queens Domain, Hobart, is an area of grassy woodland that has been surrounded by urban development for over 70 years. Floristic and structural data were collected from 70 quadrats in both 1974 and 1984 to test whether the relatively high fertility, large size and compact shape of the reserve allowed it to avoid the dramatic deterioration of native vegetation that has been recorded for less favoured reserves in other Australian cities. Over the decade an increased incidence and spread of fire was associated with increased quadrat species richness, increases in tree density, especially of Casuarina stricta, and a decrease in the density of the larger size classes. However, despite large increases in exotic species richness in two out of three communities defined for the Domain its nature conservation value did not decline, as many of the species that increased in frequency over the decade were native herbs that are now rare in Tasmania. A high fire frequency or the reintroduction of large native herbivores may be necessary to encourage these species and to help prevent a thickening of the tree stratum.
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Nansen, Bjorn, Rowan Wilken, Michael Arnold, and Martin Gibbs. "Digital Literacies and the National Broadband Network: Competency, Legibility, Context." Media International Australia 145, no. 1 (November 2012): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214500108.
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This article reports on findings from an ethnographic study of fifteen participant households in North Hobart and Midway Point, Tasmania. Key themes emerging from this research have been gathered up and presented through the metaphor ‘digital literacy’. The first half of the article is concerned with developing a critical understanding of what is at stake in the notion, or metaphor, of digital literacy. The second half tests these understandings against our research. In our conversations with the people of North Hobart and Midway Point, we found evidence of digital illiteracy, and also evidence of the weaknesses of digital literacy as an explanatory trope. We group these findings using three themes: the presence of instrumental literacy; the illegibility of the NBN and its HSB services; and structural conditions limiting the acquisition of the NBN and its HSB services. These draw upon the digital literacy metaphor, but make its shortcomings clear, and the latter two in particular extend the metaphor from a personal deficit model to one that embraces technologies and social structures.
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Nansen, Bjorn, Rowan Wilken, Michael Arnold, and Martin Gibbs. "Digital Literacies and the National Broadband Network: Competency, Legibility, Context." Media International Australia 147, no. 1 (May 2013): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314700104.
Full textAbstract:
This article reports on findings from an ethnographic study of fifteen participant households in North Hobart and Midway Point, Tasmania. Key themes emerging from this research have been gathered and presented here through the metaphor ‘digital literacy’. The first half of the article is concerned with developing a critical understanding of what is at stake in the notion, or metaphor, of digital literacy. The second half tests these understandings against our research. In our conversations with the people of North Hobart and Midway Point, we found evidence of digital illiteracy, and also evidence of the weaknesses of digital literacy as an explanatory trope. We group these findings using three themes: (1) the presence of instrumental literacy; (2) the illegibility of the NBN and its HSB services; and (3) structural conditions limiting the acquisition of the NBN and its HSB services. These three draw upon the digital literacy metaphor, but make its shortcomings clear, and the latter two in particular extend the metaphor from a personal deficit model to one that embraces technologies and social structures.
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Monamy, V. "Population dynamics of, and habitat use by, Austrlian native rodents in wet sclerophyll forest, Tasmania I. Rattus lutreolus velutinus (Rodentia : Muridae)." Wildlife Research 22, no. 6 (1995): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950647.
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A local population of velvet-furred rats, Rattus lutreolus velutinus, was studied for 15 months in wet sclerophyll forest in south-eastem Tasmania using mark-recapture techniques. Individuals in the trappable population were readily caught with 90% of captures being recaptures (73 individuals caught 706 times). During winter and the summer breeding season, all individuals had an equal likelihood of recapture, irrespective of sex, age, season or previous capture history. Habitat use was investigated by analysing floristic and structural variation within a 4-ha trapping grid using TWINSPAN. Four heterogeneous habitat groups were defined and population data are compared among these groups. Areas of densest ground cover were preferred by R. 1. velutinus; open areas were avoided. Throughout the study, female rats were captured in the areas with most cover to 50 cm in height; during winter, males were caught in areas of the trapping grid with more sparse ground cover, in lower numbers than females. At the onset of breeding in summer, numerous males were captured in the areas of thickest ground cover occupied by females. These data are discussed in relation to social spacing, habitat utilisation and female choice.
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Davis, M. R., N. L. Watson, and D. S. Holloway. "Measurement of Response Amplitude Operators for an 86 m High-Speed Catamaran." Journal of Ship Research 49, no. 02 (June 1, 2005): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2005.49.2.121.
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Radar observations of encountered wave profile and measurements of vessel motions have been used to derive motion response amplitude operators, and the results are compared with predicted motion responses. Data were collected from an INCAT Tasmania built ferry while on delivery between Australia and England. It has been found that the predicted motions using a time domain method are consistent with those observed with respect to the increase of response with vessel speed and the decrease of response for seas encountered from the beam directions. Peak heave and pitch response amplitude operators were measured and computed at up to 2.5 and 1.8, respectively, at high speed in head seas. Conventional low-speed frequency domain motion analysis was found to give smaller predicted responses at somewhat higher frequency than the high-speed time-domain motion analysis. Significantly larger rolling motions were measured than predicted, and it appears that the action of the steering system may contribute substantially to in-service rolling.
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Kirkham, J. M., B. A. Rowe, and R. B. Doyle. "Persistent improvements in the structure and hydraulic conductivity of a Ferrosol due to liming." Soil Research 45, no. 3 (2007): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06169.
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Changes in the soil structure and hydraulic conductivity of an Acidic Red Ferrosol were measured in a long-term (1968–2003) fertiliser experiment on pasture in north-western Tasmania, Australia. Studies were initiated following observations of both softer soil surface and cracking on plots that had received 15 t/ha of ground agricultural limestone. Liming decreased penetration resistance and increased hydraulic conductivity. These structural improvements were associated with increased mean dry aggregate size, a small increase in wet aggregate stability, higher exchangeable calcium levels, and increased plant growth, but a 9% decrease in total soil organic carbon in the surface 50 mm. This decrease in organic carbon was not associated with deterioration in soil structure, as may have been anticipated. This was probably because total organic C was still 82 g/kg on unlimed plots. Decreases in soil penetration resistance due to liming increased the likelihood of pugging from livestock but may improve ease of tillage. This research demonstrates that liming can improve the structure of a well-aggregated Ferrosol as well as its previously reported effects of increasing soil pH and yields of pasture and barley despite decreasing organic C.
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Camarretta, Nicolò, Peter A. Harrison, Arko Lucieer, Brad M. Potts, Neil Davidson, and Mark Hunt. "From Drones to Phenotype: Using UAV-LiDAR to Detect Species and Provenance Variation in Tree Productivity and Structure." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193184.
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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for remote sensing of natural environments has increased over the last decade. However, applications of this technology for high-throughput individual tree phenotyping in a quantitative genetic framework are rare. We here demonstrate a two-phased analytical pipeline that rapidly phenotypes and filters for genetic signals in traditional and novel tree productivity and architectural traits derived from ultra-dense light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds. The goal of this study was rapidly phenotype individual trees to understand the genetic basis of ecologically and economically significant traits important for guiding the management of natural resources. Individual tree point clouds were acquired using UAV-LiDAR captured over a multi-provenance common-garden restoration field trial located in Tasmania, Australia, established using two eucalypt species (Eucalyptus pauciflora and Eucalyptus tenuiramis). Twenty-five tree productivity and architectural traits were calculated for each individual tree point cloud. The first phase of the analytical pipeline found significant species differences in 13 of the 25 derived traits, revealing key structural differences in productivity and crown architecture between species. The second phase investigated the within species variation in the same 25 structural traits. Significant provenance variation was detected for 20 structural traits in E. pauciflora and 10 in E. tenuiramis, with signals of divergent selection found for 11 and 7 traits, respectively, putatively driven by the home-site environment shaping the observed variation. Our results highlight the genetic-based diversity within and between species for traits important for forest structure, such as crown density and structural complexity. As species and provenances are being increasingly translocated across the landscape to mitigate the effects of rapid climate change, our results that were achieved through rapid phenotyping using UAV-LiDAR, raise the need to understand the functional value of productivity and architectural traits reflecting species and provenance differences in crown structure and the interplay they have on the dependent biotic communities.