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Journal articles on the topic 'Structural simplification'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Wang, Shengzheng, Guoqiang Dong, and Chunquan Sheng. "Structural Simplification of Natural Products." Chemical Reviews 119, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 4180–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00504.

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LI, TANPING, JUN WANG, KE FAN, and WEI WANG. "HOW SIMPLE CAN THE PROTEINS BE: FROM THE PREDICTION OF THE CLASSES OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 05n06 (March 10, 2003): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903005159.

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The validity of complexity simplifications for proteins with different structural features may be different. In this paper, the simplification for proteins is studied using the ratios of successful prediction of structural class under a presumed amino-acid-grouping scheme with a composition-coupled method. It is found that for the α-class proteins, a two-letter alphabet may cover the degree of freedom to characterize the complexity of the class; for the β-class proteins, a 7-letter alphabet might indicate the minimal number of residue types to reconstruct the class feature of the natural proteins; for the α + β-class proteins and the α/β-class proteins, the redundancy of the compositions is weak and the simplification leads to a great loss of the information related to the corresponding structural classes.

3

Zhai, Renjian, Anping Li, Jichong Yin, Jiawei Du, and Yue Qiu. "A Progressive Simplification Method for Buildings Based on Structural Subdivision." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070393.

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Building simplification is an important research area in automatic map generalization. Up to now, many approaches have been proposed by scholars. However, in the continuous transformation of scales for buildings, keeping the main shape characteristics, area, and orthogonality of buildings are always the key and difficult points. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of progressive simplification for buildings based on structural subdivision. In this paper, iterative simplification is adopted, which transforms the problem of building simplification into the simplification of the minimum details of building outlines. Firstly, a top priority structure (TPS) is determined, which represents the smallest detail in the outline of the building. Then, according to the orthogonality and concave–convex characteristics, the TPS are classified as 62 subdivisions, which cover the local structure of the building polygon. Then, the subdivisions are divided into four simplification types. The building is simplified to eliminate the TPS continuously, retaining the right-angle characteristics and area as much as possible, until the results satisfy the constraints and rules of simplification. A topographic dataset (1:1K) collected from Kadaster was used for our experiments. In order to evaluate the algorithm, many tests were undertaken, including tests of multi-scale simplification and simplification of typical buildings, which indicate that this method can realize multi-scale presentation of buildings. Compared with the existing simplification methods, the comparison results show that the proposed method can simplify buildings effectively, which has certain advantages in keeping shape characteristics, area, and rectangularity.

4

Atrek, Erdal. "Theorems of structural variation: A simplification." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21, no. 3 (March 1985): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210308.

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Du, Shihong. "Analyzing topological changes for structural shape simplification." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 25, no. 4 (August 2014): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2013.12.001.

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Al-Rousan, Thamer, and Hasan Abualese. "Simplifying the Structural Complexity of Software Systems." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2019-0026.

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Abstract Simplification of execution traces is peculiarly important in the case of software comprehension. The objective is to make execution traces in ways that are more tractable and less difficult. However, the simplification process is a difficult task, particularly, in object-oriented contexts. Due to coupling, execution traces of object-oriented systems involve the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon, which is a very complicated structure of dependencies. Therefore, the simplification process needs a well-established approach to be helpful for software comprehension. Otherwise, the simplified execution traces will be informative as their structures will involve several gaps that lead to a misunderstanding process. This research uses decoupling to guide the simplification of object-oriented execution traces. Specifically, decoupling truthfully can decrease the complexity of execution traces without eliminating the trace components and making numerous gaps in the trace structure. Then, decoupling can solve the problem of the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon. A controlled experiment was conducted to empirically validate the usefulness and effectivity of the suggested work. There was a significant statistical added value demonstrated in the time required and the accurate solutions of the tasks being solved. More precisely, 25% less time required with a 62% more correct solutions were achieved solving the experiment’s comprehension tasks.

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Kuhlmann, Ulrike. "Simplification of Codes." Structural Engineering International 22, no. 2 (May 2012): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2012.11985242.

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Zhou, Mingdong, and Michael Yu Wang. "Engineered Model Simplification for Simulation Based Structural Design." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3722/cadaps.2012.87-94.

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Cromley, Robert G., and Gerard M. Campbell. "Noninferior Bandwidth Line Simplification: Algorithm and Structural Analysis." Geographical Analysis 23, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1991.tb00219.x.

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Wang, Shengzheng, Guoqiang Dong, and Chunquan Sheng. "Structural simplification: an efficient strategy in lead optimization." Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 9, no. 5 (September 2019): 880–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.004.

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Dhlamini, Zwelithini Bongani. "The structural and operational complementarity: Grade nine learners’ pitfalls and gains of simplifying algebraic expressions." Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 19, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): em2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13653.

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This study focused on the investigation of the structural and operational complementarity in the simplification of algebraic expressions. The dual nature of mathematical conceptions is the theoretical framework that underpin this study. Qualitative content analysis was employed as a method and research design to investigate the complementarity between the operational and structural learners’ conceptions of the simplification. The findings revealed that learners’ undeveloped and fragmented structures of algebra caused the inability to simplify expressions. Ironically, for the very few learners who managed to simplify expressions, used skills and knowledge of the previous grade. Irrespective of this, the complementarity of learners’ conceptions of systems and components is undoubtfully key to their success during the simplification of expressions. This study recommends teaching and learning of algebra should address the complementarity of the operational and structural notions.

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Halili, Ruzhdi, and Simona Kukovič. "Organizational and Structural Approaches on Administrative Simplification: The Case of Kosovo." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010018.

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Administrative simplification is a particular approach that is considered a key aspect to ensure the quality of regulations and legislation. The appropriate organizational and structural approach to managing, coordinating, and monitoring administrative simplification is an important factor. The institutional framework for managing and coordinating administrative simplification initiatives has been the subject of discussions in the Government of Kosovo for several years. The objective of this paper is therefore to analyze the institutional set up in the central administration, as well as gaps and challenges, and their implications for the implementation of such reforms in Kosovo. It also presents the context of the reforms implemented by the Kosovo state administration to simplify administration and reduce administrative burdens. Particular attention is paid to the importance, status of implementation, and administration of the Law on General Administrative Procedures. Several recommendations and options have been made based on the findings of this study, the authors’ first-hand experience, and best comparative international practice.

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Shi, Zhenfeng, Hao Luo, and Xiamu Niu. "Saliency-based structural degradation evaluation of 3D mesh simplification." IEICE Electronics Express 8, no. 3 (2011): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.8.161.

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Dragos, Jonathon, Chengqing Wu, and Deric John Oehlers. "Simplification of fully confined blasts for structural response analysis." Engineering Structures 56 (November 2013): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.018.

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Müller, Adeline, Isabelle Clerc, and Thomas François. "Plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec." Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie 31 (May 6, 2021): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31468/dwr.849.

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This article investigates the plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec, using a survey. We contacted 55 professional writers and asked them to complete an online survey about how they apply plain language in their work, and the type of writing assistance they would find useful. We also asked 40 of those writers to carry out a simplification task to see what kind of simplifications they were actually making. If the feelings about the reality of the writers’ work is in line with the literature, opinions on plain language guidelines are not. Most writers in our survey find them useful and precise enough, and this contrasts with reported criticisms of such guides. In the simplification task, we noticed that writers focus on the overall understanding of the text, and not only on some linguistic characteristics (as shown in plain language guidelines). The more experienced the writer, the more changes they will make to visual/structural aspects or relational efficiency. Putting the focus on the reader’s needs is their main concern.

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Anderson, Edward J., and Khairy H. Al-Jamal. "Hydraulic-Network Simplification." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 121, no. 3 (May 1995): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1995)121:3(235).

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Akinlotan, Mayowa. "The Structural Simplification Hypothesis and the Premodifiers in Nigerian English." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/2 (September 17, 2018): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.2.04.

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This paper conducts a corpus-based study of the occurrence/non-occurrence, structural pattern, and forms of the premodifier in the Nigerian English noun phrase, comparing the scenarios that emerge with those of the British and Ghanaian varieties of English. These three phenomena, which are crucial to the nature of premodifier in new varieties of English, are investigated in relation to predictors representing syntactic function, register, post-dependent syntactic weight, and animacy, showing, among other things, the extent to which structural complexity/simplicity is present in the structure of the premodifiers studied. Corpus findings indicate that premodifiers are more likely to occur (53%) than not (47%) and that simple premodifiers (i.e. one-word premodifier structural pattern (79%)) are significantly preferred to complex premodifiers (i.e. two-word at 17% and longer patterns at 4%). Relating to form, single premodifiers are most likely to be realized as adjectives. It is also found that the alternation between simple and complex premodifiers is most strongly predicted by the syntactic functions that the NP performs, as well as the syntactic weight present in the post dependent slot. Register, which is reputed as a very strong indicator of structural variation (Schils and De Haan 1993; Biber et al. 2007; Schilk and Schaub 2016) is outweighed by syntactic function and post-dependent weight.

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Shen, Renjie, Xiangdong Qian, and Jianfang Zhou. "Direct integration for non-viscous structural systems and its simplification." Mechanics Research Communications 95 (January 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2018.11.004.

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Madelaine, Guillaume, Cédric Lhoussaine, Joachim Niehren, and Elisa Tonello. "Structural simplification of chemical reaction networks in partial steady states." Biosystems 149 (November 2016): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.08.003.

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20

Zhou, Lin-Lin, and Cai-Guang Yang. "Structural insights into the evolutionary simplification of human ClpP activators." Structure 31, no. 2 (February 2023): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2023.01.002.

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21

González, Carlos, Pascual Castelló, Miguel Chover, Mateu Sbert, Miquel Feixas, and Jesús Gumbau. "Simplification method for textured polygonal meshes based on structural appearance." Signal, Image and Video Processing 7, no. 3 (March 16, 2013): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-013-0450-5.

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22

Shaumi, Dewi Rahmatika, Syamsul Ma’arif, and Asep Taryana. "The Effect of Organizational Change on Enhancing Government Employee Performance." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 11 (November 28, 2023): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231155.

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Bureaucratic simplification is one of the focuses of the 5 Priorities of the Advanced Indonesian Cabinet under the leadership of President Joko Widodo and Ma'ruf Amin for the 2019-2024 period. The bureaucratic simplification stage consists of three stages, namely simplifying the organizational structure to 2 levels, equalizing administrative/structural positions into functional positions, and adjusting the work system. The bureaucratic simplification is expected to create a dynamic, agile, and professional bureaucracy in supporting public service performance and can have a positive impact on employee performance. However, after the implementation of this policy, several reactions needed to be in line with expectations, especially in terms of employee job satisfaction. In this study, bureaucratic simplification is described by an organizational change in the government sector, with a research locus at The Ministry of Industry of The Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of organizational change on employee performance through job satisfaction. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire using Google form. The questionnaire results were processed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of this study indicate that organizational change has a direct effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a direct effect on employee performance. However, organizational change has no direct effect on organizational performance. Organizational change can affect employee performance through the mediation of job satisfaction. Keywords: Bureaucratic simplification, employee performance, job satisfaction, organizational change, SEM-PLS.

23

Yao, Xiao Peng, Guo Fu Yin, and Hui Fang. "The Simplication Algorithm and Characteristic Analysis of Variable Cross-Section Beam of Machining Center." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.356.

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According to the spatial arbitrary cross-section beam simplification redundancy and coupled problem of model constraint mutually relation, for the variable cross-section beam of 5-axis gantry machine tools, a new beam simplification algorithm and the average second inertia concept is created by structural mechanics theory. Under gravity and cutting load of beam, It applied simplification algorithm and finite element analysis software (Nastran) to study the static and dynamic characteristic comparatively, deformation relative errors are less than 5%. The modal analysis of beams get the order natural frequency and vibration mode, contrast analysis with experimental value, the relative errors are less than 9% each other. Through theoretical analysis and experimental data shows that the simplification algorithm is practicability and accuracy, it play a role in the key components of machine tools analytical characteristics and machine tools of performance prediction.

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Jiang, Zhigan, Na Liu, Dandan Hu, Guoqiang Dong, Zhenyuan Miao, Jianzhong Yao, Haiying He, et al. "The discovery of novel antifungal scaffolds by structural simplification of the natural product sampangine." Chemical Communications 51, no. 78 (2015): 14648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc05699c.

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25

Nikièma, Emmanuel. "Government-Licensing and Consonant Cluster Simplification in Quebec French." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 44, no. 4 (December 1999): 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100017461.

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AbstractThis article is a reanalysis of cluster simplification in Quebec French (QF) in terms of government-licensing, a condition which requires non-nuclear governing heads to be licensed by a following vowel. It is suggested, contra Côté (1997, 1998), that simplification is triggered by a structural constraint rather than a constraint on sonority. It is shown that in QF, simplification does not apply to word internal clusters such asappartementandvendredibecause the following vowel is realized, but applies to forms liketableandcasque, and converts them into [tab] and [kas] respectively at the surface level due to the lack of a final vowel. However, cluster reduction does not apply to final clusters such asbarbe, gorge, andsoldein which the first member is a liquid. To account for why simplification applies in one case and not in the other, it is suggested that the two types of final clusters differ with respect to syllabification: liquids are within branching nuclei, whereas the first member of other clusters is within a branching rhyme. The case of word-final cluster simplification attested in Haitian Creole is also examined.

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Puszkarz, A. K., R. Korycki, and I. Krucinska. "Simulations of Heat Transport Phenomena in a Three-Dimensional Model of Knitted Fabric." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0042.

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Abstract The main goal of the current work is to analyse the three-dimensional approach for modelling knitted fabric structures for future analysis of physical properties and thermal phenomena. The introduced model assumes some simplification of morphology. First, fibres in knitted fabrics are described as monofilaments characterized by isotropic thermal properties. The current form of the considered knitted fabric is determined by morphological properties of the used monofilament and simplification of the stitch shape. This simplification was based on a particular technology for the knitting process that introduces both geometric parameters and physical material properties. Detailed descriptions of heat transfer phenomena can also be considered. A sensitivity analysis of the temperature field with respect to selected structural parameters was also performed.

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Linnemann, A. "A further simplification in the proof of the structural controllability theorem." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 31, no. 7 (July 1986): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.1986.1104350.

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Ersal, Tulga, Hosam K. Fathy, and Jeffrey L. Stein. "Structural simplification of modular bond-graph models based on junction inactivity." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2008.02.010.

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Attwood, Michael R., Elizabeth A. Conway, Rachel M. Dunsdon, John R. Greening, Balraj K. Handa, Philip S. Jones, Steven C. Jordan, Elizabeth Keech, and Francis X. Wilson. "Peptide based inhibitors of interleukin-8: structural simplification and enhanced potency." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 7, no. 4 (February 1997): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00036-x.

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Chapman, C. D., and M. J. Jakiela. "Genetic Algorithm-Based Structural Topology Design With Compliance and Topology Simplification Considerations." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826862.

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The genetic algorithm (GA), an optimization technique based on the theory of natural selection, is applied to structural topology design problems. After reviewing the genetic algorithm and previous research in structural topology optimization, we detail the chromosome-to-design representation which enables the genetic algorithm to perform structural topology optimization. Extending our prior investigations, this article first compares our genetic-algorithm-based technique with homogenization methods in the minimization of a structure’s compliance subject to a maximum volume constraint. We then use our technique to generate topologies combining high structural performance with a variety of material connectivity characteristics which arise directly from our discretized design representation. After discussing our findings, we describe potential future work.

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Andrason, Alexander. "Grammaticalization in Fanakalo: simplification, complexification, and acceleration." Studies in African Linguistics 52, no. 1and2 (April 29, 2024): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.52.1and2.135719.

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The present article studies the structure of the resultative stream (a part of the verbal system that hosts grams diachronically evolving along and synchronically modelled by means of the resultative path: resultative > perfect > perfective/past and resultative > stative > present) in the Fanakalo pidgin as compared to the lexifier Nguni languages (Zulu/Xhosa). The evidence indicates that the organization of the resultative stream in Fanakalo is different from that found in Nguni, attesting to both simplification and complexification, as well as the acceleration of the movement along the resultative path and the cline of structural grammaticalization. This corroborates the views concerning the increase in complexity of stabilized and expanded pidgins and the observation suggesting the acceleration of grammaticalization processes in a situation of contact.

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Xiang, Hanyu, Xianfeng Huang, Feng Lan, Chong Yang, Yunlong Gao, Wenyu Wu, and Fan Zhang. "A Shape-Preserving Simplification Method for Urban Building Models." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11110562.

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With the expansion of model scale and the improvement of model accuracy, the real-time rendering and displaying of 3D mesh models remain infeasible. To relieve such pressure, mesh simplification methods have been proposed to reduce the structural complexity while preserving the appearance. This work introduces a shape-preserving simplification method for urban building models. Compared to traditional simplification methods that only consider preserving local geometric features, we also consider the overall shapes of building models to avoid collapse with an increased simplification rate. The proposed method works in four steps. First, we filter mesh models to yield planar structures while preserving sharp features. Second, we detect the shapes of planar regions. Third, we simplify the planar and non-planar regions constrained by the overall shapes and local geometric features. Finally, we remap the texture. Experiments show the effectiveness of this method by evaluating it on various building models and comparing its performance with the original QEM algorithms. Furthermore, we maintain better spatial consistency in building models with different levels of detail (LOD) than traditional methods.

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MIAO, YUAN, ZHI-QIANG LIU, XUE HON TAO, ZHI QI SHEN, and CHUN WEN LI. "SIMPLIFICATION, MERGING AND DIVISION OF FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPS." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 02, no. 02 (June 2002): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000555.

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Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) is a powerful and flexible framework for knowledge representation and causal inference. However, in most real applications, it is difficult to design and analyze FCMs due to their structural complexity. Simplification, merging, and division are the important operations on the structure of FCMs. In this paper we present approaches to simplifying FCMs. These approaches show how to clean up a FCM, how to divide a complex FCM into basic FCMs, and how to extract the eigen structure of these basic FCMs. Two improved methods for merging FCMs from different human experts are also proposed in this paper. We discuss difficulties in merging FCMs and present possible solutions.

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Watkins, Michael. "Strategic Simplification: Toward a Theory of Modular Design in Negotiation." International Negotiation 8, no. 1 (2003): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234003769590695.

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AbstractUsing Richard Holbrooke's negotiations in Bosnia as an instructive example, this article examines structural complexity as a barrier to agreement and proposes approaches to "strategic simplification" that are inspired by research on modular design of new products. This article represents an initial step toward development of a broader theory of complexity management in negotiation.

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Issidorides, Diana C. "Comprehensie van Vreemdtalige Input." Taalverwerving in onderzoek 30 (January 1, 1988): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.30.03iss.

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Within a psycholinguistic approach to second language learning, an attempt is made to investigate the question of how morphology, syntax (word order phenomena), semantics and pragmatics affect the comprehension of Dutch sentences for normative learners of that language. When talking to nonnative language-learners, native spea-kers often tend to dehberately modify their speech -'simplify' it - in an attempt to make the target language more comprehensible. Omitting semantically redundant function words and copulas, or deliberate-ly modifying the word order in a sentence, are but a few characteris-tics of sucn 'simplifications'. In trying to determine whether, and what kinds of, linguistic simplifications promote comprehension, an important theoretical issue arises, namely, the relationship between linguistic (structural) and cognitive (ease of information processing) simplification. That one form of simplification is by no means a guarantee for the other form is an important assumption that forms the backbone to our approach. The results from research on morphological simplifications (omission of redundant function words in utterances) in two parallel experiments - an artificial and a natural language one (Dutch) - are discus-sed. They suggest that the presence of semantically redundant functi-on words is not experienced as bothersome "noise" in the successful inference of the meaning of unfamiliar utterances, as long as supra-segmental cues are present. The suprasegmental structure provides the listener/learner with cues for locating the potentially meaningful elements of such utterances. Research on syntactic simplifications is also discussed. Its aim was to examine the role and effect of syntactic and semantic cues on sen-tence interpretation. Two important questions were: (a) What are the processing strategies and cues responsible for the interpretation of Dutch sentences by native speakers, and how do they compare to those employed by nonnative speakers? (b) Are the processing stra-tegies and cues that are responsible and decisive for first language comprehension also those employed in second language comprehension? The performance of Dutch control subjects on a Dutch sentence interpretation task is presented, and hypotheses are put forward as to the locus and cause of eventual performance differences in a nonnative subject population (English learners of Dutch). Some relevant theoretical implications of our findings are also mentioned.

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Vermeiren, Jonathan, Selwyn L. Y. Villers, Lieve Wittemans, Wendy Vanlommel, Jeroen van Roy, Herman Marien, Jonas R. Coussement, and Kathy Steppe. "Quantifying the importance of a realistic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaflet shape for 3-D light modelling." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz205.

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Abstract Background and Aims Leaflet shapes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) have been reduced to simple geometric shapes in previous functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) in order to facilitate measurements and reduce the time required to reconstruct the plant virtually. The level of error that such simplifications introduce remains unaddressed. This study therefore aims to quantify the modelling error associated with simplifying leaflet shapes. Methods Realistic shapes were implemented in a static tomato FSPM based on leaflet scans, and simulation results were compared to simple geometric shapes used in previous tomato FSPMs in terms of light absorption and gross photosynthesis, for both a single plant and a glasshouse scenario. Key Results The effect of simplifying leaflet shapes in FSPMs leads to small but significant differences in light absorption, alterations of canopy light conditions and differences in photosynthesis. The magnitude of these differences depends on both the type of leaflet shape simplification used and the canopy shape and density. Incorporation of realistic shapes requires a small increase in initial measurement and modelling work to establish a shape database and comes at the cost of a slight increase in computation time. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the error associated with leaflet shape simplification is small, but often unpredictable, and is affected by plant structure but also lamp placement, which is often a primary optimization goal of these static models. Assessment of the cost–benefit of realistic shape inclusion shows relatively little drawbacks for a decrease in model uncertainty.

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Deng, Xiao Lin. "Sensibility Analysis and Structural Optimization Design of Vehicle Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.276.

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The paper establishes a three-dimensional solid model of the frame, and simplifies the frame model according to the simplification rules of finite element. Use Pro/MECHANICA module of Pro/ENGINEER software to carry out static and modal analysis of the frame, and to conduct sensitivity analysis of geometric parameters having a great impact on the frame characteristics, thus the most sensitive size parameters of the frame performance are gotten. By optimization design function of Pro/MECHANICA module, specifying goals of optimized design and ranges of size sensitive parameters, the frame structure is optimized.

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Yang, Min, Xiongfeng Yan, Xiang Zhang, and Xingong Li. "Constrained trajectory simplification with speed preservation." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 47, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2019.1618200.

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Gorodetskyi, Viktor, and Mykola Osadchuk. "Simplification of a reconstructed model." International Journal of Dynamics and Control 7, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 1213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40435-019-00579-w.

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Wang, Rui, Yi Chun Wang, Chao Qing Feng, Huo Ming Zhan, and Hua Jun Li. "Structural Optimized Design about New Heat Exchanger of Air-Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2298.

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The heat exchanger model of air-condition is deal with the reasonable simplification and in order to take numerical simulation about heat exchange in air side, the Fluent is adopt. Optimized design include four aspects: fin thickness, fin height, distance between two fins and the shape of ripple fins. After the numerical simulation, the best structural parameters of fin are received. It can provide a theoretical basis for design and research. After this optimized design, the exchanger can improve the heat transfer ability and save many materials.

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Bellini, Tiziano. "A Gentle Introduction to Model Risk Quantification in Commercial Banking." Risk Management Magazine 17, no. 1 (April 2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2020rmm0101.

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The simplification and assumptions that models must necessarily employ sometimes come at the cost of accuracy and structural integrity under stress. This exposes the bank to model risk: the risk of economic or reputation loss due to errors in the development, implementation or use of models.

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Hintz, Cassie, and Hussain Bahia. "Simplification of Linear Amplitude Sweep Test and Specification Parameter." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2370, no. 1 (January 2013): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2370-02.

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Wu, Jong-Shyong, and Cuann-Yeu Chang. "Structural Simplification of Jack-Up Rig and Its Dynamic Responses in Regular Waves." Journal of Ship Research 32, no. 02 (June 1, 1988): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1988.32.2.134.

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This paper is composed of two main parts: simplification of leg structure of the jack-up rig, and dynamic analysis of the entire rig due to excitation of regular waves. First, the legs of spatial beamlike lattice with rigid joints are replaced by the equivalent beams through application of the theory of static condensation and the principle of virtual work. Then the equations of motion of the entire rig are derived based on the simplified mathematical model, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes are sought by the Jacobi method. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the hinged rig and fixed rig operating in four kinds of water depths (and hence effective leg lengths) and wave heights is studied by means of the mode superposition technique. The phase angles between responses of the legs and the influence on responses of support conditions at the seabed, wave attack angle, and damping ratio are the key points of the investigation.

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SHI, Zhenfeng, Xiamu NIU, and Liyang YU. "A Multi-Scale Structural Degradation Metric for Perceptual Evaluation of 3D Mesh Simplification." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E95.D, no. 7 (2012): 1989–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e95.d.1989.

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Ersal, Tulga, Hosam K. Fathy, and Jeffrey L. Stein. "Orienting body coordinate frames using Karhunen–Loève expansion for more effective structural simplification." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2007.08.002.

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Steadman, Victoria A., Simon B. Pettit, Karine G. Poullennec, Linos Lazarides, Andrew J. Keats, David K. Dean, Steven J. Stanway, et al. "Discovery of Potent Cyclophilin Inhibitors Based on the Structural Simplification of Sanglifehrin A." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 60, no. 3 (January 31, 2017): 1000–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01329.

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Magedov, Igor V., Madhuri Manpadi, Elena Rozhkova, Nikolai M. Przheval’skii, Snezna Rogelj, Scott T. Shors, Wim F. A. Steelant, Severine Van slambrouck, and Alexander Kornienko. "Structural simplification of bioactive natural products with multicomponent synthesis: Dihydropyridopyrazole analogues of podophyllotoxin." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 17, no. 5 (March 2007): 1381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.095.

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Jarvis, Scott, and Terence Odlin. "MORPHOLOGICAL TYPE, SPATIAL REFERENCE, AND LANGUAGE TRANSFER." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 4 (December 2000): 535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100004034.

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This study clarifies issues related to the transferability of bound morphology and reports on an empirical investigation of morphological transfer in the spatial expressions of Finnish-speaking (n= 140) and Swedish-speaking (n= 70) adolescent learners of English. The results indicate that both the bound, agglutinative morphology of the L1 Finnish spatial system and the free, prepositional morphology of the L1 Swedish spatial system constrain the types of options that learners pursue in their L2 English spatial reference. Additionally, however, the structural and semantic differences between the two L1 systems result in different patterns of spatial reference in the L2. We characterize these differences in terms of semantic transfer and simplification, and go on to show how transfer and simplification interact in our data.

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Yoshimura, M., and K. Hitomi. "Application of Group Technology to Design Optimization of Machine Structural Systems." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 108, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3260782.

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This paper proposes a design optimization method using the concept of group technology in order to reduce production cost of products. The design optimization procedures consisting of three phases, simplification, optimization, and realization, enable design optimization using group technology to be conducted effectively. With this method, identical or similar machine parts are used as often as possible in a product or series of products varying in functional requirements, within an allowable degree of degradation of performance. The method is demonstrated on structural models of manipulators and their machine elements.

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Buival, Liliia. "METHOD OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETRIC MODELING OF A TYPICAL BRACKET BASED ON PRIMITIVES USINGTHE SIEMENS NX COMPUTER INTEGRATED SYSTEM." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 4(34) (2023): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2023-4(34)-104-114.

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Design of an analytical etalons of structural elements using computer technologies allows to reduce the costs creation, production and maintenance during its life cycle, to increase work productivity and ergonomics, which will finally increase the quality and competitiveness of manufacturedproducts.To increase the effectiveness of the three-dimensional modeling of aircraft structural elements at the initial stages of design was the general research problem to reach.The aim of the article was to develop the method of three-dimensional parametric modeling of a typical bracket based on primitives using the CAD\CAM\CAE\PLM SIEMENS NX computer integrated system; its’ implementation when creating a typical bracket; forming the method structure.The SIEMENS NX computer integrated system as a three-dimensional modeling system have been selected.Approaches to the analysis and simplification of the typical brackets’ structure have been shown. It was proposed to divide all sizes of the bracket into three groups according to the axes of the coordinatesystem. The development of the method was based on the Form Features typical elements (Block, Cylinder primitives) and Feature Operation typical operations (Edge Blend, Boolean Operations). The developed method includes: structural analysis; brackets’ structure simplification; selec-tion/analysis of a typical operations, Feature typical elements form; synthesis of properties of a typical elements and a simpli-fied brackets’ structure; formation of the initial data using Expression spreadsheet; modeling basedon the results of both analysis and synthesis according to a certain sequence; analysis of the analytical etalons.The method of three-dimensional parametric modeling of a typical structural element, such as a typical bracket, based on primitives have been developed using both the CAD\CAM\CAE\PLM SIEMENS NX computer integrated system and the Expressions spreadsheet and setting parameters during solid bodies creation. Up to 9-11 operations have been obtained for the typical brackets’ structure, which corresponds to a reduction in the number of operations on objects when creating a 3D parametric model with little time consumption. Only four commands have been used without losing the quality of the model, which led to the simplification of the modeling of the analytical etalon of the structural element and the possibility of rapid reconstruction.