Academic literature on the topic 'Structural simplification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Structural simplification"
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Wang, Shengzheng, Guoqiang Dong, and Chunquan Sheng. "Structural Simplification of Natural Products." Chemical Reviews 119, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 4180–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00504.
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LI, TANPING, JUN WANG, KE FAN, and WEI WANG. "HOW SIMPLE CAN THE PROTEINS BE: FROM THE PREDICTION OF THE CLASSES OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 05n06 (March 10, 2003): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903005159.
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The validity of complexity simplifications for proteins with different structural features may be different. In this paper, the simplification for proteins is studied using the ratios of successful prediction of structural class under a presumed amino-acid-grouping scheme with a composition-coupled method. It is found that for the α-class proteins, a two-letter alphabet may cover the degree of freedom to characterize the complexity of the class; for the β-class proteins, a 7-letter alphabet might indicate the minimal number of residue types to reconstruct the class feature of the natural proteins; for the α + β-class proteins and the α/β-class proteins, the redundancy of the compositions is weak and the simplification leads to a great loss of the information related to the corresponding structural classes.
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Zhai, Renjian, Anping Li, Jichong Yin, Jiawei Du, and Yue Qiu. "A Progressive Simplification Method for Buildings Based on Structural Subdivision." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070393.
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Building simplification is an important research area in automatic map generalization. Up to now, many approaches have been proposed by scholars. However, in the continuous transformation of scales for buildings, keeping the main shape characteristics, area, and orthogonality of buildings are always the key and difficult points. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of progressive simplification for buildings based on structural subdivision. In this paper, iterative simplification is adopted, which transforms the problem of building simplification into the simplification of the minimum details of building outlines. Firstly, a top priority structure (TPS) is determined, which represents the smallest detail in the outline of the building. Then, according to the orthogonality and concave–convex characteristics, the TPS are classified as 62 subdivisions, which cover the local structure of the building polygon. Then, the subdivisions are divided into four simplification types. The building is simplified to eliminate the TPS continuously, retaining the right-angle characteristics and area as much as possible, until the results satisfy the constraints and rules of simplification. A topographic dataset (1:1K) collected from Kadaster was used for our experiments. In order to evaluate the algorithm, many tests were undertaken, including tests of multi-scale simplification and simplification of typical buildings, which indicate that this method can realize multi-scale presentation of buildings. Compared with the existing simplification methods, the comparison results show that the proposed method can simplify buildings effectively, which has certain advantages in keeping shape characteristics, area, and rectangularity.
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Atrek, Erdal. "Theorems of structural variation: A simplification." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21, no. 3 (March 1985): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210308.
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Du, Shihong. "Analyzing topological changes for structural shape simplification." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 25, no. 4 (August 2014): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2013.12.001.
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Al-Rousan, Thamer, and Hasan Abualese. "Simplifying the Structural Complexity of Software Systems." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2019-0026.
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Abstract Simplification of execution traces is peculiarly important in the case of software comprehension. The objective is to make execution traces in ways that are more tractable and less difficult. However, the simplification process is a difficult task, particularly, in object-oriented contexts. Due to coupling, execution traces of object-oriented systems involve the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon, which is a very complicated structure of dependencies. Therefore, the simplification process needs a well-established approach to be helpful for software comprehension. Otherwise, the simplified execution traces will be informative as their structures will involve several gaps that lead to a misunderstanding process. This research uses decoupling to guide the simplification of object-oriented execution traces. Specifically, decoupling truthfully can decrease the complexity of execution traces without eliminating the trace components and making numerous gaps in the trace structure. Then, decoupling can solve the problem of the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon. A controlled experiment was conducted to empirically validate the usefulness and effectivity of the suggested work. There was a significant statistical added value demonstrated in the time required and the accurate solutions of the tasks being solved. More precisely, 25% less time required with a 62% more correct solutions were achieved solving the experiment’s comprehension tasks.
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Kuhlmann, Ulrike. "Simplification of Codes." Structural Engineering International 22, no. 2 (May 2012): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2012.11985242.
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Zhou, Mingdong, and Michael Yu Wang. "Engineered Model Simplification for Simulation Based Structural Design." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3722/cadaps.2012.87-94.
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Cromley, Robert G., and Gerard M. Campbell. "Noninferior Bandwidth Line Simplification: Algorithm and Structural Analysis." Geographical Analysis 23, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1991.tb00219.x.
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Wang, Shengzheng, Guoqiang Dong, and Chunquan Sheng. "Structural simplification: an efficient strategy in lead optimization." Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 9, no. 5 (September 2019): 880–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural simplification"
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Amrane, Dyhia. "Pharmacomodulation d'hétérocycles α-trichlorométhylés ciblant l'apicoplaste chez P. falciparum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0379.
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Le paludisme est la première parasitose en termes de mortalité à l’échelle mondiale. Les thérapies combinées à base d'artémisinine, traitement de première ligne du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum, font face à des échecs dûs à l’apparition de résistances. Il est donc nécessaire de développer de nouvelles molécules antiplasmodiales possédant un mécanisme d’action novateur. Dans cet objectif, notre laboratoire a précédemment décrit la synthèse et les activités biologiques d'une chimiothèque de molécules azahétérocycliques α-trichlorométhylées, dont une molécule hit en série quinazoline qui présente le meilleur profil biologique.Une première partie de ce travail s’est intéressée à la pharmacomodulation en série 4-carboxamidoquinazoline. Afin de compléter l’étude RSA, la stratégie de scaffold hopping a permis l’obtention de nouvelles molécules en séries quinoxaline et phtalazine. Par simplification structurale, de nouveaux composés en séries pyrimidine, pyridazine et pyrazine ont été obtenus. Enfin, dans le but de moduler la partie benzénique des noyaux quinazoline et quinoxaline, des dérivés en série thiénopyrimidine et pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine ont été synthétisés. Parmi plus de 110 nouvelles molécules originales synthétisées, plusieurs nouvelles molécules hit ont pu être identifiées. Leurs propriétés physicochimiques et pharmacocinétiques in vitro ont été déterminées en vue d’identifier une molécule candidate pour l’évaluation in vivo. De plus, afin d’élucider le mécanisme d’action de ces composés qui diffère de ceux des antipaludiques commerciaux, nous avons récemment identifié par immunofluorescence que ces molécules possèdent une action sur l’apicoplaste de P. falciparumMalaria remains the leading cause of death among parasitic infections worldwide. Currently, there are major concerns about the spread of resistance to artemisinin derivatives that are the basis of first-line antimalarial treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antiplasmodial molecules with a novel mechanism of action. For this purpose, our laboratory has previously described the synthesis and biological activities of a chemical library of α-trichloromethylated azaheterocycles including a hit molecule in the quinazoline series which presents the best biological profile.The first part of this work focused on 4-carboxamide quinazoline pharmacomodulation. In order to complete the SARs, scaffold hopping strategies allowed us to obtain new compounds in the quinoxaline and phthalazine series. By structural simplification, new compounds in the pyrimidine, pyridazine and pyrazine series were obtained. Finally, in order to explore the benzene part of the quinazoline and quinoxaline rings, new thienopyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine derivatives were also synthesized. More than 110 new original molecules were obtained, among them several new hit molecules were obtained. The physicochemical and in vitro pharmacokinetic properties were determined in order to initiate the study of their in vivo activity on Plasmodium berghei. In addition, in order to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds, which differs from those of commercial antimalarials, we have recently identified by immunofluorescence that these molecules target the apicoplast of P. falciparum, an organelle essential to parasite survival
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TERLIZZI, VANESSA. "Applications of innovative materials, GFRP and structural adhesives, for the curtain wall: technological and performance verification." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252565.
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L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è verificare l’applicabilità di materiali innovativi, quali compositi (GFRP - Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer) e colle strutturali, per la realizzazione di facciate continue ad alte prestazioni meccaniche e termiche e a basso impatto ambientale.
Tale obiettivo è stato verificato anche tramite l’applicazione del principio della “Semplificazione tecnologica” che rappresenta il filo conduttore alla base dello studio e delle sperimentazioni svolte dal gruppo di ricerca, coordinato dal Prof. P.Munafò, che ha sviluppato il brevetto “Sistema per la realizzazione di facciate di edifici” (n.102015000087569) di cui il Professore è inventore. Con tale filosofia di approccio è possibile realizzare componenti edilizi altamente prestazionali e semplici nella loro concezione essendo costituiti con un numero limitato di pezzi implicando così un minor consumo di energia nella produzione, assemblaggio, manutenzione e smaltimento del prodotto, classificandolo quindi come eco-sostenibile.
In questa tesi viene verificata la fattibilità di un sistema costruttivo per la realizzazione di facciate continue per edifici studiando preventivamente, con test sperimentali e analisi sul ciclo di vita dei componenti, le prestazioni meccaniche dei profili in GFRP e degli adesivi strutturali in condizioni di invecchiamento accelerato (durabilità) e non, e l’interazione del
componente edilizio con l’ambiente, dalla produzione alla dismissione finale (LCA - Life Cycle Assessment).
I metodi principalmente usati in questo studio sono di tipo sperimentale al fine di testare le proprietà meccaniche dei materiali, in condizioni ambientali e dopo invecchiamento (accelerato in camera climatica ad elevata umidità e temperatura (ISO 6270-2) e sotto esposizione ai raggi UV (ASTM D904–99)). In seguito ai singoli test di invecchiamento precedentemente citati, sono stati condotti ulteriori sperimentazioni riguardanti il trattamento di campioni a condizioni di invecchiamento combinato (camera climatica ed esposizione ai raggi UV - Tcc+Tuv - e viceversa - Tuv+Tcc -). Al fine di validare i risultati ottenuti dalle sperimentazioni effettuate sono stati eseguiti test numerici e analitici.
Il risultato più significativo è dato proprio dalla validazione dell’idea brevettuale dimostrando la possibilità di industrializzare componenti (facciate continue) che utilizzano tale materiale composito (pultruso - GFRP), mediante l’accoppiamento a materiali come l’acciaio che possono conferire al componente alte prestazioni meccaniche, soprattutto per quanto riguarda
il contenimento delle deformazioni sotto carico. Le soluzioni tecniche studiate inoltre evitano il problema della rottura fragile delle giunzioni bullonate che è uno dei problemi che riguardano le giunzioni di questo tipo su profili in pultruso. La deformabilità e la rottura fragile delle giunzioni bullonate dei profili in pultruso ne hanno limitato l’utilizzo nel settore
dell’ingegneria edile per la realizzazione di facciate continue specie di grandi dimensioni.
A tal fine l’attività di ricerca è stata prevalentemente incentrata a verificare la possibilità di inserire nei montati in pultruso di tali facciate, una lamina d’acciaio incollata per contenere la deformazione e per migliorare la qualità della giunzione bullonata in modo da evitare rotture di tipo fragile raggiunto il carico di collasso. Le risultanze dei test sperimentali
condotti dimostrano le buone performance del sistema ibrido GFRP-acciaio anche in seguito all’esposizione a differenti condizioni di invecchiamento artificiale e verificano la fattibilità di realizzazione di una facciata continua ad alte prestazioni meccaniche e termiche.The aim of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of innovative materials, such as Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) industrialized components (profiles), structural adhesives, for the realization of curtain walls with high mechanical and thermal performances and low environmental impact. This objective with the “Technological Simplification” principle is verified. This latter is the guiding principle to the base of the search and experimental tests carried out by the research group. The teamwork coordinator and patent inventor is Prof P.Munafò, with him I developed a “System for the realization of building façade” (n. 102015000087569). The “Technological Simplification” principle allows the building components realization with high performance and easy to assemble, by using a limited number of pieces. All this involves lower energy consumption in the production, assembly, maintenance and disposal phases. For this reason, the construction element can be considered environmentally sustainable. In this thesis, the feasibility of the constructive system for the realization of building façade, through the experimental tests and component life cycle analysis, is verified. The components and materials properties both in laboratory conditions and after different types of ageing conditions (durability) are tested. The interaction between building components and environment, from the production to ultimate disposal (LCA - Life Cycle Assessment) are analysed. The methods used were mostly of the experimental type. The material mechanical properties both in environmental conditions and in different types of ageing conditions were analysed, such as continuous condensation (ISO 6270-2) and UV irradiation (ASTM D904–99). Additional test with combined artificial ageing (climatic chamber and exposure to UV radiation - Tcc+Tuv – and the other way around - Tuv+Tcc) were tested. The numerical and analytical studies were carried out, with the objective to check and validate the results obtained through experimental tests. The main outcome was the validation of the patents basic ideas, which is a key point in the industrialization process of the construction elements (Structural Member). The aim of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of the use of pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) profiles, adhesively joined with other materials (i.e. steel), in the construction sector. The objective is both to reduce the GFRP profiles deformation under loading conditions, and to avoid the brittle fractures that could occur in bolted joints. In the building engineering field, in fact, these issues (deformations and brittle fractures) prevent the use of pultruded materials. In the research activity, the possibility to adhesively join a steel laminate on the pultruded profile mullion for curtain walls was verified. The containment of the deformations and the prevention of brittle fractures in the bolted joint were checked, in order to verify the pultruded curtain wall feasibility, both constructively and for its structural and energy performances. Experimental results, in fact, demonstrated that the use of GFRP profiles, bonded with structural adhesives and combined with steel, is successful on curtain walls, even when they are exposed to adverse environmental conditions. The feasibility of the curtain wall implementation with high performance is verified.
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Anquez, Pierre. "Correction et simplification de modèles géologiques par frontières : impact sur le maillage et la simulation numérique en sismologie et hydrodynamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0069/document.
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Les modèles géologiques numériques 2D et 3D permettent de comprendre l'organisation spatiale des roches du sous-sol. Ils sont également conçus pour réaliser des simulations numériques afin d’étudier ou de prédire le comportement physique du sous-sol. Pour résoudre les équations qui gouvernent les phénomènes physiques, les structures internes des modèles géologiques peuvent être discrétisées spatialement à l’aide de maillages. Cependant, la qualité des maillages peut être considérablement altérée à cause de l’inadéquation entre, d’une part, la géométrie et la connectivité des objets géologiques à représenter et, d’autre part, les contraintes requises sur le nombre, la forme et la taille des éléments des maillages. Dans ce cas, il est souhaitable de modifier un modèle géologique afin de pouvoir générer des maillages de bonne qualité permettant la réalisation de simulations physiques fidèles en un temps raisonnable. Dans cette thèse, j’ai développé des stratégies de réparation et de simplification de modèles géologiques 2D dans le but de faciliter la génération de maillages et la simulation de processus physiques sur ces modèles. Je propose des outils permettant de détecter les éléments des modèles qui ne respectent pas le niveau de détail et les prérequis de validité spécifiés. Je présente une méthode pour réparer et simplifier des coupes géologiques de manière locale, limitant ainsi l’extension des modifications. Cette méthode fait appel à des opérations d’édition de la géométrie et de la connectivité des entités constitutives des modèles géologiques. Deux stratégies sont ainsi explorées : modifications géométriques (élargissements locaux de l'épaisseur des couches) et modifications topologiques (suppressions de petites composantes et fusions locales de couches fines). Ces opérations d’édition produisent un modèle sur lequel il est possible de générer un maillage et de réaliser des simulations numériques plus rapidement. Cependant, la simplification des modèles géologiques conduit inévitablement à la modification des résultats des simulations numériques. Afin de comparer les avantages et les inconvénients des simplifications de modèles sur la réalisation de simulations physiques, je présente trois exemples d'application de cette méthode : (1) la simulation de la propagation d'ondes sismiques sur une coupe au sein du bassin houiller lorrain, (2) l’évaluation des effets de site liés à l'amplification des ondes sismiques dans le bassin de la basse vallée du Var, et (3) la simulation d'écoulements fluides dans un milieu poreux fracturé. Je montre ainsi (1) qu'il est possible d’utiliser les paramètres physiques des simulations, la résolution sismique par exemple, pour contraindre la magnitude des simplifications et limiter leur impact sur les simulations numériques, (2) que ma méthode de simplification de modèles permet de réduire drastiquement le temps de calcul de simulations numériques (jusqu’à un facteur 55 sur une coupe 2D dans le cas de l’étude des effets de site) tout en conservant des réponses physiques équivalentes, et (3) que les résultats de simulations numériques peuvent être modifiés en fonction de la stratégie de simplification employée (en particulier, la modification de la connectivité d’un réseau de fractures peut modifier les écoulements fluides et ainsi surestimer ou sous-estimer la quantité des ressources produites)Numerical geological models help to understand the spatial organization of the subsurface. They are also designed to perform numerical simulations to study or predict the rocks physical behavior. The internal structures of geological models are commonly discretized using meshes to solve the physical governing equations. The quality of the meshes can be, however, considerably degraded due to the mismatch between, on the one hand, the geometry and the connectivity of the geological objects to be discretized and, on the other hand, the constraints imposed on number, shape and size of the mesh elements. As a consequence, it may be desirable to modify a geological model in order to generate good quality meshes that allow realization of reliable physical simulations in a reasonable amount of time. In this thesis, I developed strategies for repairing and simplifying 2D geological models, with the goal of easing mesh generation and simulation of physical processes on these models. I propose tools to detect model elements that do not meet the specified validity and level of detail requirements. I present a method to repair and simplify geological cross-sections locally, thus limiting the extension of modifications. This method uses operations to edit both the geometry and the connectivity of the geological model features. Two strategies are thus explored: geometric modifications (local enlargements of the layer thickness) and topological modifications (deletions of small components and local fusions of thin layers). These editing operations produce a model on which it is possible to generate a mesh and to realize numerical simulations more efficiently. But the simplifications of geological models inevitably lead to the modification of the numerical simulation results. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of model simplifications on the physical simulations, I present three applications of the method: (1) the simulation of seismic wave propagation on a cross-section within the Lorraine coal basin, (2) the site effects evaluation related to the seismic wave amplifications in the basin of the lower Var river valley, and (3) the simulation of fluid flows in a fractured porous medium. I show that (1) it is possible to use the physical simulation parameters, like the seismic resolution, to constrain the magnitude of the simplifications and to limit their impact on the numerical simulations, (2) my method of model simplification is able to drastically reduce the computation time of numerical simulations (up to a factor of 55 in the site effects case study) while preserving an equivalent physical response, and (3) the results of numerical simulations can be changed depending on the simplification strategy employed (in particular, changing the connectivity of a fracture network can lead to a modification of fluid flow paths and overestimation or underestimation of the quantity of produced resources)
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Curado, Manuel. "Structural Similarity: Applications to Object Recognition and Clustering." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/98110.
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In this thesis, we propose many developments in the context of Structural Similarity. We address both node (local) similarity and graph (global) similarity. Concerning node similarity, we focus on improving the diffusive process leading to compute this similarity (e.g. Commute Times) by means of modifying or rewiring the structure of the graph (Graph Densification), although some advances in Laplacian-based ranking are also included in this document. Graph Densification is a particular case of what we call graph rewiring, i.e. a novel field (similar to image processing) where input graphs are rewired to be better conditioned for the subsequent pattern recognition tasks (e.g. clustering). In the thesis, we contribute with an scalable an effective method driven by Dirichlet processes. We propose both a completely unsupervised and a semi-supervised approach for Dirichlet densification. We also contribute with new random walkers (Return Random Walks) that are useful structural filters as well as asymmetry detectors in directed brain networks used to make early predictions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Graph similarity is addressed by means of designing structural information channels as a means of measuring the Mutual Information between graphs. To this end, we first embed the graphs by means of Commute Times. Commute times embeddings have good properties for Delaunay triangulations (the typical representation for Graph Matching in computer vision). This means that these embeddings can act as encoders in the channel as well as decoders (since they are invertible). Consequently, structural noise can be modelled by the deformation introduced in one of the manifolds to fit the other one. This methodology leads to a very high discriminative similarity measure, since the Mutual Information is measured on the manifolds (vectorial domain) through copulas and bypass entropy estimators. This is consistent with the methodology of decoupling the measurement of graph similarity in two steps: a) linearizing the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) by means of the embedding trick, and b) measuring similarity in vector spaces. The QAP problem is also investigated in this thesis. More precisely, we analyze the behaviour of $m$-best Graph Matching methods. These methods usually start by a couple of best solutions and then expand locally the search space by excluding previous clamped variables. The next variable to clamp is usually selected randomly, but we show that this reduces the performance when structural noise arises (outliers). Alternatively, we propose several heuristics for spanning the search space and evaluate all of them, showing that they are usually better than random selection. These heuristics are particularly interesting because they exploit the structure of the affinity matrix. Efficiency is improved as well. Concerning the application domains explored in this thesis we focus on object recognition (graph similarity), clustering (rewiring), compression/decompression of graphs (links with Extremal Graph Theory), 3D shape simplification (sparsification) and early prediction of AD.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Referencia TIN2012-32839 BES-2013-064482)
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Claici, Sebastian. "Structure as simplification : transportation tools for understanding data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127014.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-187).
The typical machine learning algorithms looks for a pattern in data, and makes an assumption that the signal to noise ratio of the pattern is high. This approach depends strongly on the quality of the datasets these algorithms operate on, and many complex algorithms fail in spectacular fashion on simple tasks by overfitting noise or outlier examples. These algorithms have training procedures that scale poorly in the size of the dataset, and their out-puts are difficult to intepret. This thesis proposes solutions to both problems by leveraging the theory of optimal transport and proposing efficient algorithms to solve problems in: (1) quantization, with extensions to the Wasserstein barycenter problem, and a link to the classical coreset problem; (2) natural language processing where the hierarchical structure of text allows us to compare documents efficiently;(3) Bayesian inference where we can impose a hierarchy on the label switching problem to resolve ambiguities.
by Sebastian Claici.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Garcia, Laura Catalina Bustamante. "Plano de modernização e tecnologia “Justiça mais Próxima” em Portugal:seguimento e monitorização da implementação do programa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15218.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Administração PúblicaAs mudanças mundiais nos diferentes níveis durante as últimas décadas requerem de Estados que garantam respostas oportunas e adequadas às mesmas, e por tanto, a Administração pública deve ser mais eficiente e eficaz com o objetivo de adaptar às suas necessidades com a própria capacidade financeira. A doutrina da governança pública estimula e fomenta a interação dos diferentes atores do Estado, com o propósito de encontrar meios eficazes para atingir os objetivos que têm sido construídos socialmente num ambiente de inclusão, interdependência, administração responsável dos fundos públicos e eficiência. Em conformidade com informação oficial do Ministério de Justiça de Portugal, a modernização da Justiça constitui um dos desígnios do XXI Governo Constitucional, entre outras iniciativas, através do Plano de Ação “Justiça mais Próxima”. Este Plano tem por objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma Justiça ágil, transparente, humana e mais próxima do Cidadão. O Plano refere uma estratégia potenciada pelo digital e focada nas reais necessidades dos diferentes públicos-alvo e ambiciona ser um motor de alteração do paradigma vigente no setor. Esta investigação resulta de uma descrição e análise de um processo de modernização dentro do setor de Justiça de Portugal à luz da doutrina da Governança pública, sob dois pilares: inovação e eficiência.
The global changes at different levels during the last decades require States to guarantee timely and adequate responses to this changes, and therefore, the Public Administration should be more efficient and effective aiming to adapt their needs with their own financial capacity. The doctrine of Public governance stimulates and encourages the interaction of different actors of the State, with the purpouse of finding effective means to achieve the objectives that have been socially constructed in an environment of inclusion, interdependence, accountability and efficiency. According to official information from the Ministry of Justice of Portugal, the modernization of Justice is one of the aims of the XXI Constitutional Government, among other initiatives, through the Action Plan "Justiça mais Próxima". The objective of this Plan is to contribute to the development of an agile, transparent, human and closer to the Citizen justice. The Plan refers a digital-enhanced strategy focused on the real needs of the different target audiences and aspire to be an engine for changing the current paradigm in the sector. This research stems from a description and analysis of a modernization process within the Justice sector of Portugal in the light of the doctrine of Public governance, under two bases: innovation and efficiency.
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Zupan, Alexander Martin. "Thin position, bridge structure, and monotonic simplification of knots." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3420.
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Since its inception, the notion of thin position has played an important role in low-dimensional topology. Thin position for knots in the 3-sphere was first introduced by David Gabai in order to prove the Property R Conjecture. In addition, this theory factored into Cameron Gordon and John Luecke's proof of the knot complement problem and revolutionized the study of Heegaard splittings upon its adaptation by Martin Scharlemann and Abigail Thompson.
Let h be a Morse function from the 3-sphere to the real numbers with two critical points. Loosely, thin position of a knot K in the 3-sphere is a particular embedding of K which minimizes the total number of intersections with a maximal collection of regular level sets, where this number of intersections is called the width of the knot. Although not immediately obvious, it has been demonstrated that there is a close relationship between a thin position of a knot K and essential meridional planar surfaces in its exterior E(K).
In this thesis, we study the nature of thin position under knot companionship; namely, for several families of knots we establish a lower bound for the width of a satellite knot based on the width of its companion and the wrapping or winding number of its pattern. For one such class of knots, cable knots, in addition to finding thin position for these knots, we establish a criterion under which non-minimal bridge positions of cable knots are stabilized. Finally, we exhibit an embedding of the unknot whose width must be increased before it can be simplified to thin position.
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Nguyen, Van sinh. "3 D Modeling of elevation surfaces from voxel structured point clouds extracted from seismic cubes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4069/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des méthodes pour construire une surface géologique optimal à partir d’une quantité énorme de points 3D extraits de cubes sismiques. Appliquer le processus à l’ensemble des points induit un risque important de contraction de la surface de sorte que l’extraction de la frontière initiale est une étape importante permettant une simplification à l’intérieur de la surface. La forme globale de la surface sera alors mieux respectée pour la reconstruction de la surface triangulaire finale. Nos propositions sont basées sur la régularité des données qui permet, même si des données sont manquantes, d’obtenir facilement les informations de voisinage. Tout d’abord, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode pour extraire et simplifier la frontière d’une surface d’élévation définie par un ensemble de voxels dans un grand volume 3D où des données sont manquantes. Deuxièmement, une méthode pour simplifier la surface à l’intérieur de sa frontière est présentée. Elle comprend une étape de simplification grossière optionnelle suivie par une étape plus fine basée sur l’étude des courbures. Nous tenons également compte du fait que la densité de données doit changer graduellement afin de recevoir à la dernière étape d’une surface triangulée avec de meilleurs triangles. Troisièmement, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode rapide pour trianguler la surface après simplificationReconstructing surfaces with data coming from an automatic acquisition technique always entails the problem of mass of data. This implies that the usual processes cannot be applied directly. Therefore, it leads to a mandatory data reduction process. An effective algorithm for a rapid processing while keeping the original model is a valuable tool for constructing an optimal surface and managing the complex data.In this dissertation, we present methods for building an optimal geological surface from a huge amount of 3D points extracted from seismic cubes. Applying the process to the whole set of points induces an important risk of surface shrinking so that the initial boundary extraction is an important step permitting a simplification inside the surface. The global surface shape will then be better kept for the reconstruction of the final triangular surface. Our proposals are based on the regularity of data which permits, even if data are missing, to easily obtain the neighboring information. Firstly, we present a new method to extract and simplify the boundary of an elevation surface given as voxels in a large 3D volume having the characteristics to be sparse. Secondly, a method for simplifying the surface inside its boundary is presented with a rough optional simplification step followed by a finer one based on curvatures. We also keep into consideration that the density of data must gradually change in order to receive in the last step a triangulated surface with better triangles. Thirdly, we have proposed a new and fast method for triangulating the surface after simplification
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Duraffourg, Simon. "Analyse de la tenue en endurance de caisses automobiles soumises à des profils de mission sévérisés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1142.
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Une caisse automobile est un ensemble complexe formé de plusieurs éléments qui sont souvent constitués de matériaux différents et assemblés principalement par points soudés, généralement à plus de 80%. Au stade de la conception, plusieurs critères doivent être vérifiés numériquement et confirmés expérimentalement par le prototype de la caisse, dont sa tenue en endurance. Dans le contexte économique actuel, la politique de réduction des dépenses énergétiques ou autres a conduit les constructeurs automobiles à optimiser les performances des véhicules actuels, en particulier en réduisant de façon très conséquente la masse de leur caisse. Des problèmes liés à la tenue structurelle ou à la tenue en fatigue de la caisse sont alors apparus. Afin d'être validé, le prototype de caisse doit avoir une résistance suffisante pour supporter les essais de fatigue. Les tests de validation sur bancs d'essais réalisés en amont sur un prototype sont très coûteux pour l'industriel, en particulier lorsque les tests d'essais en fatigue sur la caisse ne permettent pas de confirmer les zones d'apparition des fissures identifiées par simulations numériques. Le sujet de la thèse se limitera à ce dernier point. Il porte sur l'ensemble des analyses à mettre en oeuvre afin d'étudier la tenue en endurance de caisses automobiles soumises à des profils de mission sévérisés. L'objectif principal est de mettre au point un processus d'analyse en simulation numérique permettant de garantir un bon niveau de prédictivité de tenue en endurance des caisses automobiles. On entend par bon niveau de prédictivité, le fait d'être en mesure de corréler correctement les résultats d'essais associés aux profils de missions sévérisés classiquement utilisés dans les plans de validation de la caisse. Cette thèse a conduit à :_ analyser le comportement mécanique de la caisse et les forces d'excitations appliquées au cours de l'essai de validation,_ établir une nouvelle méthode de réduction d'un chargement pour les calculs en endurance,_ mettre au point une nouvelle modélisation EF des liaisons soudées par points,_ améliorer les modèles de prédiction de durée de vie des PSR. Les études menées ont ainsi permis d'améliorer le niveau de prédiction des calculs en fatigue de la caisse afin :_ d'identifier la majorité des zones réellement critiques sur la caisse,_ d'évaluer de manière fiable de la criticité relative de chacune de ces zones,_ d'estimer de façon pertinente la durée de vie associée à chacune de ces zonesA body-in-white (biw) is a complex structure which consists of several elements that are made of different materials and assembled mainly by spot welds, generally above 80%. At the design stage, several criteria must be verified numerically and experimentally by the car prototype, as the biw durability. In the current economic context, the policy of reducing energy and other costs led automotive companies to optimize the vehicle performances, in particular by reducing very consistently the mass of the biw. As a consequences, some structural design problems appeared. In order to be validated, validation test benches are carried out upstream on a prototype vehicle. They are very costly to the manufacturer, especially when fatigue tests do not confirm the cracks areas identified by numerical simulations. The thesis is focused on numerical biw durability analysis. It covers all the numerical analysis to be implemented to study the biw durability behavior. The main objective is to develop a numerical simulation process to ensure a good level of durability prediction. It means to be able to have a good correlation level between test bench results and numerical fatigue life prediction. This thesis has led to:_ analyze the biw mechanical behavior and the excitation forces applied to the biw during the validation tests,_ establish a new fatigue data editing technique to simplify load signal,_ create a new finite element spot weld model,_ develop a new fatigue life prediction of spot welds. The studies have thus improved the level of biw fatigue life prediction by:_ identifying the majority of critical areas on the full biw,_ reliably assessing the relative criticality of each area,_ accurately estimating the lifetime associated with each of these areas
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Corn, Stéphane. "Simplification de modèles éléments finis de structures à comportement dynamique de poutre." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625123.
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Une méthodologie générale de simplification de modèles éléments finis de structures à comportement de poutre est proposée dans ce mémoire. Elle concerne les structures mécaniques constituées de composants qui présentent un comportement dynamique global de poutre dans le domaine fréquentiel d'utilisation. C'est en particulier le cas des véhicules automobiles, dont l'ossature comporte des corps creux et des profilés modélisés finement par des éléments finis de type coque. Le principe de simplification mis en oeuvre consiste à remplacer le maillage fin de ces sous-structures par un modèle " équivalent " constitué d'éléments finis de poutre adéquats, réduisant ainsi de manière drastique la taille du modèle sans dégradation significative de sa précision. On propose une méthode originale permettant d'identifier de manière automatique tous les paramètres physiques à introduire dans le modèle équivalent, basé sur la formulation de Timoshenko et prenant en compte le couplage dynamique flexion-torsion. Les nombreux tests numériques présentés mettent en évidence les performances et la fiabilité de la stratégie élaborée. Son adaptation à des structures industrielles de forme complexe, ainsi que l'efficacité du logiciel d'application développé à cet effet, sont illustrées dans ce mémoire.
Books on the topic "Structural simplification"
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Committee of the Regions., ed. Outlook report of the Committee of the Regions of 2 July 2003 on governance and simplification of the Structural Funds after 2006. Brussels: Committee of the Regions, 2003.
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Fukuyama, Francis, and Francesca Recanatini. Beyond Measurement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817062.003.0003.
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Since the 1990s, governance and anti-corruption have become preoccupations of the international development and research communities, leading to the proliferation of sophisticated measures, which, while a critical starting point, have not had significant impact at the country level. This chapter examines approaches to reducing corruption, including structural state reform, simplification and reduction of administrative discretion, transparency and accountability, international agreements and conventions, and anti-corruption bodies. While some approaches have produced results in specific areas, their impact has been limited. The chapter argues that we should think about corruption differently, not as a market distortion or unethical behaviour but as a misallocation of power. To address corruption requires interventions that reallocate power among stakeholders. The limited success in addressing corruption suggests that policy-makers and the international community have not been able to reallocate power, mostly due to lack of political leverage to discipline entrenched local actors.
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Bacior, Stanisław. Optymalizacja wiejskich układów gruntowych – badania eksperymentalne. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-37-3.
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Rural areas are subject to constant structural, spatial and economic transformations. The main purpose of this monograph was to present a new concept of shaping of rural land arrangement that takes into account the land value. The presented optimization methodology of shaping of the rural areas has a general range of application, not being limited by time or place. of the location of the consolidation object. The only condition for its use is the availability of a specific set of output data enabling the necessary calculations for the implementation of consolidation works. The described method has been successfully applied to the research object of the Mściowojów village, in a registry area located in the Dolnośląkie voivodeship, in the Jaworski district, providing with the assumed effects. In order to meet the research objectives, the shaping of rural land arrangement was conducted according to five models. The original arrangement of existing land division in a given village is considered as the 1st model. The 2nd model uses a rather accurate description of the locations of the lands in the village. To define this feature the location of farm parcels had to be determined. This model is the most accurate, but also the most labor-intensive of all. In the 3rd model, a fundamental simplification of the land arrangement was adopted, limiting the distance matrix to its measurement to the entry points from the settlements into the complexes. This simplification means that the location of parcels in the complex does not affect the average distance to the land in the whole village. On the basis of simplifications applied in the 3rd model allowing a significant reduction of the distance matrix the 4th model which uses a linear programming to minimize the distance to a parcel was developed. Introducing into the linear model an additional condition that eliminates distance growth in farms in relation to the initial state was important for the research. This was implemented in the 5th model and had a positive impact on the obtained results. The 6th model was developed by including the landowners' wants into the 5th model. These had to be taken into account so that the research/the new land arrangement did not cause complaints. The wants could not be fully included due to their inherently contradictory nature. The wants for having the parcel in a given arrangement was replaced with a guarantee of division, after which landowner receives no smaller share than the prior one. As demonstrated in the work, the solutions of the developed models allowed obtaining land arrangements close to the optimal in terms of distance to land and the shape of parcels and farms with regard to land specifics. The presented results allow to draw a conclusion that the methods and analyses applied in the research can have a wide range of application in shaping of rural land arrangement. Developing the most socially accepted optimization of parcel division in the process of land consolidation is important due to the actual needs for the implementation of the rural land arrangement research. This may also have influence on better use of the EU's financial resources for the consolidation of agricultural lands.
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Lobina, David J. The universality and uniqueness of recursion-in-language. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785156.003.0005.
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The role of recursion in language is universal and unique. It is universal because the (Specifier)-Head-Complement(s) geometry is the type of structuring that all phrases and all languages unequivocally adhere to, and complexes of such phrases constitute a general recursive structure. It is unique because the asymmetric nature of [(Specifier)-[Head-Complement(s)]] structures is unattested in other domains of human cognition or in the cognition of other animal species. The common claim that not all languages manifest recursive structures is usually couched in terms of self-embedded sentences, a particular sub-type of the (Specifier)-Head-Complement(s) geometry. The increasingly common claim that certain representations in human general cognition or in the animal kingdom are isomorphic to language’s recursive structures is the result of great simplification of the representations under comparison, which undercuts the force of the argument. Linguistic structures in the form of bundles of (Specifier)-Head-Complement(s) remain quirky through and through—and universal in language.
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Bowes, Ashley. A Practical Approach to Planning Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833253.001.0001.
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Planning law is one of the most fast moving legal areas, with major structural changes to the planning system occurring since 2014 . Despite these attempts at simplification, it remains one of the most complex fields for both students and practitioners to navigate. In this continually evolving arena the fourteenth edition of A Practical Approach to Planning Law is an authoritative and reliable resource for all those working in the area, providing a comprehensive and systematic account of the principles and practice of planning law. The text guides the reader through each stage of the planning process, from permission applications through to disputes and appeals in a clear and accessible style. Containing coverage of all recent cases as well as important legislative and policy developments since the publication of the previous edition, particularly those arising out of the Neighbourhood Planning Act 2017, the Housing and Planning Act 2016, the Infrastructure Act 2015, and the Deregulation Act 2015, this new edition provides an invaluable introduction to the subject for professionals and students alike. The A Practical Approach series is the perfect partner for practice work. Each title provides a comprehensive overview of the subject together with clear, practical advice and tips on issues likely to arise in practice. The books are also an excellent resource for those new to the field, where the expert overview and clear layout promote clarity and ease of understanding.
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Jördens, Andrea. Possession and Provincial Practice. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.42.
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While Roman law knew various different forms of control, differentiating meticulously between dominium, possessio and detentio, provincial practice was very different, and evidently conformed to the Roman concepts to only a limited degree. The most detailed information on the condition of property in the provinces of the Imperium Romanum, and the way Rome handled the legal structures and concepts encountered in each case, is without a doubt to be obtained from Aegyptus, on account of the wealth of evidence which has come down to us on papyrus. These sources show that although the Romans respected existing constructs, they nonetheless shoehorned them into their own system, which fundamentally differentiated between ager publicus and ager privatus. This brought with it simplifications with regard to administration. These are outlined in this chapter.
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Schmidt, Dieter, and Simon Shorvon. Resecting Epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725909.003.0005.
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The evolution of surgery for epilepsy in the late nineteenth century was partly the consequence of new ideas about the localisation of function in the brain and advances in the understanding of the physiological nature of epilepsy. This was an exciting time of discovery, and really fundamental and novel principles were enunciated which have stood the test of time. New techniques of investigation, including electroencephalography or magnetic resonance imaging, have since led to more accurate ‘targeting’, allowing the elucidation of the anatomical underpinning of epilepsy to be based, not only on semiology as in the earlier years, but also on more objective structural and functional measures. However, the fact remains that most surgery is based on the concept that resecting ‘bad’ tissue, and thus removing the ‘focus’ of epilepsy, will cure the condition—a postulation which has not changed since the time of Jackson (and which has its roots in earlier superstition). Such theories of epilepsy are surely gross simplifications, and the absence of any subsequent paradigm shift is why surgery has really not advanced conceptually much in the last 50 years. Technique and technology have profoundly changed, but the theoretical basis, generally speaking, has not.
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Sanderson, Benjamin Mark. Uncertainty Quantification in Multi-Model Ensembles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.707.
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Long-term planning for many sectors of society—including infrastructure, human health, agriculture, food security, water supply, insurance, conflict, and migration—requires an assessment of the range of possible futures which the planet might experience. Unlike short-term forecasts for which validation data exists for comparing forecast to observation, long-term forecasts have almost no validation data. As a result, researchers must rely on supporting evidence to make their projections. A review of methods for quantifying the uncertainty of climate predictions is given. The primary tool for quantifying these uncertainties are climate models, which attempt to model all the relevant processes that are important in climate change. However, neither the construction nor calibration of climate models is perfect, and therefore the uncertainties due to model errors must also be taken into account in the uncertainty quantification.Typically, prediction uncertainty is quantified by generating ensembles of solutions from climate models to span possible futures. For instance, initial condition uncertainty is quantified by generating an ensemble of initial states that are consistent with available observations and then integrating the climate model starting from each initial condition. A climate model is itself subject to uncertain choices in modeling certain physical processes. Some of these choices can be sampled using so-called perturbed physics ensembles, whereby uncertain parameters or structural switches are perturbed within a single climate model framework. For a variety of reasons, there is a strong reliance on so-called ensembles of opportunity, which are multi-model ensembles (MMEs) formed by collecting predictions from different climate modeling centers, each using a potentially different framework to represent relevant processes for climate change. The most extensive collection of these MMEs is associated with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). However, the component models have biases, simplifications, and interdependencies that must be taken into account when making formal risk assessments. Techniques and concepts for integrating model projections in MMEs are reviewed, including differing paradigms of ensembles and how they relate to observations and reality. Aspects of these conceptual issues then inform the more practical matters of how to combine and weight model projections to best represent the uncertainties associated with projected climate change.
Book chapters on the topic "Structural simplification"
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Rusakov, A. I. "Simplification Ways of Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Systems." In Fundamentals of Structural Mechanics, Dynamics, and Stability, 165–78. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429155291-21.
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Madelaine, Guillaume, Elisa Tonello, Cédric Lhoussaine, and Joachim Niehren. "Normalizing Chemical Reaction Networks by Confluent Structural Simplification." In Computational Methods in Systems Biology, 201–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45177-0_13.
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Madelaine, Guillaume, Cédric Lhoussaine, and Joachim Niehren. "Structural Simplification of Chemical Reaction Networks Preserving Deterministic Semantics." In Computational Methods in Systems Biology, 133–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23401-4_12.
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Louden, Mark L. "Vowel lowering, consonant cluster simplification, and koineization in the history of Pennsylvania Dutch." In Investigating West Germanic Languages, 107–30. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sigl.8.07lou.
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Scholars who have investigated the history of Pennsylvania Dutch (Pennsylvania German) have come to the unanimous consensus that the language most closely resembles the German dialects of the Palatinate region (Pfalz). This is not surprising, since the majority of the German-speaking immigrants to colonial Pennsylvania came from that area. Aiming to identify the precise European origins of Pennsylvania Dutch, researchers found that in its core structural features and lexicon, the language is not identical to any one variety of Palatine German. Pennsylvania Dutch must therefore have been subject to mixing and leveling of input dialects and independent development during the earliest generations. In this article I situate the history of Pennsylvania Dutch in the literature on koineization and new dialect formation, focusing on the most striking structural differences between Pennsylvania Dutch and Palatine German, the lowering of high and mid vowels in closed syllables before tautosyllabic /r/ and the subsequent simplification of /r/ + C clusters through either /r/-deletion or vowel epenthesis.
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Xalabarder, Raquel. "Simplification of Tariff Structures." In MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 51–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53809-8_3.
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Virajh Dias, A. A., H. M. J. M. K. Herath, and L. K. N. S. Kulathilake. "Landform Geometry for Restoration of Mountain Roads and Landslide Hazard Resilience." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 327–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_25.
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AbstractTraveling on a mountainous road is attractive but questionable under aggressive climatic conditions such as extreme rainstorms. Roads are often designed in different geological complexity overlaying upper and lower terrains. The complexity of slope geometries, potential deformities, ground discontinuities, soil-rock composite nature, factors incorporated in structural integrity, the complexity associated with infrastructure developments, and unstable landform have long been causes of the increasing cost of road constructions in hills. In many instances, landform geometries and the natures of slope observed in-situ allow us to understand many salient features that we need to know in the design to mitigate landslide threats. The extent to which we make the collective effort to gather many features of landforms and their static representations concludes its validity. Findings are more forced to be based on geometrical evidence of slopes and cross-checked with an appropriate design criterion. A provision should describe a design or construction method that is deemed to comply with the site-specific conditions. Such an approach will save the enormous cost of investigations, design, and simplification for numerical evaluations, and also contribute to an indirect approach to road restoration and improve an appropriate approach for resilience to landslide hazards.
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Friedler, Ferenc, Ákos Orosz, and Jean Pimentel Losada. "Simplification of the Maximal Structure." In P-graphs for Process Systems Engineering, 151–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92216-0_11.
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Kamiński, Tomasz. "Consequences of Simplifications in Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Arch Bridges." In Structural Integrity, 153–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29227-0_12.
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Raymond, Patricia, Magnus Löf, Phil Comeau, Lars Rytter, Miguel Montoro Girona, and Klaus J. Puettmann. "Silviculture of Mixed-Species and Structurally Complex Boreal Stands." In Advances in Global Change Research, 403–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_15.
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AbstractUnderstanding structurally complex boreal stands is crucial for designing ecosystem management strategies that promote forest resilience under global change. However, current management practices lead to the homogenization and simplification of forest structures in the boreal biome. In this chapter, we illustrate two options for managing productive and resilient forests: (1) the managing of two-aged mixed-species forests; and (2) the managing of multi-aged, structurally complex stands. Results demonstrate that multi-aged and mixed stand management are powerful silvicultural tools to promote the resilience of boreal forests under global change.
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Андронов, Ігор Володимирович. "Глава 10. Наказне провадження як структурний компонент цивільного процесу." In Серія «Процесуальні науки», 329–58. Київ, Україна: Видавництво "Алерта", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59835/978-617-566-770-5-2-10.
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The scientific study is devoted to establishing the characteristic features of order proceedings as a simplified type of civil proceedings and a structural component of the civil process, as well as its diffe rences from lawsuit proceedings.The role of order proceedings in the optimization of civil proceedings as a judicial procedure, which provides the possibility of fulfilling the tasks of civil proceedings with minimal expenditure of resources (effort, money, time) both on the part of the state and on the part of the participants in the judicial process, is defined. It was concluded that any simplification of the judicial procedure, if it does not harm the principles of civil justice and does not lead to a violation of the right of the participants in the judicial process to a fair trial, can be considered optimization of civil justice.The question of what exactly should be understood by the indis putability of the requirements of order proceedings, and whether this is synonymous with the absence of a dispute about the right, is considered. It is concluded that the requirements of the order proceeding are potentially uncontested, but not because of the absence of two parties with opposing legal interests. The indisputability of the requirements of the order proceeding is not determined by their material and legal nature, but by the subjective attitude of the participants in the legal relationship, primarily the debtor, to them. Order proceedings are based on the assumption that a conscientious person will not deny obvious things. That is why the most simple and obvious from the point of view of legal and factual justification legal requirements are considered in order of order proceedings. If the debtor submits an application to the court to cancel the court order, he thereby demonstrates his disagreement with the applicant’s requirements, thereby confirming the existence of a legal dispute.The features of order proceedings are outlined, among which: the simplification of injunctive proceedings manifests itself, in particular, in the reduction of the number of procedural actions in injunctive proceedings, which leads to a reduction in stages; limited by requirements for collection of funds; special subject composition; narrowed range of civil procedural rights of participants in injunctive proceedings and court procedures; a feature of the procedural document that initiates the consideration of the case in order of mandatory proceedings; simplified process of judicial evidence; a special final judicial act and a special procedure for appealing it. Some features of the court order, its content, classification and appeal procedure were studied.A study of the judicial procedure regarding the issuance of the European Order for Payment Procedure and its comparison with the procedure for issuing a court order in accordance with the Ukrainian procedural legislation was carried out.
Conference papers on the topic "Structural simplification"
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ADAMS, JR., L., and G. NEVILL, JR. "Heuristic simplification of geometric complexity in structural design." In 27th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-987.
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Sulem, Elior, Omri Abend, and Ari Rappoport. "Semantic Structural Evaluation for Text Simplification." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1063.
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Leimer, Kurt, and Przemyslaw Musialski. "Simulation of Flexible Patterns by Structural Simplification." In SIGGRAPH '20: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3388770.3407446.
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Smith, Luciano, Harry Millwater, Ken Griffin, and David Wieland. "Conditional Filtering for Simplification of Aircraft Structural System Reliability Calculation." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1719.
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Ersal, Tulga, Hosam K. Fathy, and Jeffrey L. Stein. "Orienting Body Coordinate Frames Using Karhunen-Loe`ve Expansion for More Effective Structural Simplification." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14572.
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Previous work by the authors developed a junction-inactivity-based structural simplification technique for bondgraph models. The technique is highly sensitive to the orientation of the body coordinate frames in multibody systems: improper alignment of body coordinate frames may prohibit a significant simplification. This paper demonstrates how the Karhunen-Loe`ve expansion can be used to automatically detect the existence of and to find the transformation into body coordinate frames that render the bond-graph of a multibody system more conducive to simplification. The conclusion is that the Karhunen-Loe`ve expansion complements well the junction-inactivity-based structural simplification technique when multibody dynamics are involved in the system.
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Walch, Denis, Simon Tetreault, and Franck Dervault. "Smeared Stiffeners in Panel for Mesh Simplification at Conceptual Design Phase." In 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1809.
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Ersal, Tulga, Hosam K. Fathy, and Jeffrey L. Stein. "Structural Simplification of Modular Bond-Graph Models Based on Junction Inactivity." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14567.
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The modular modeling paradigm facilitates the efficient building, verification and handling of complex system models by assembling them from general-purpose component models. A drawback of this paradigm, however, is that the assembled system models may have excessively complex structures for certain purposes due to the amount of detail of the component models, which is introduced to promote modularity. This work presents a domain-independent structural simplification technique that can detect such unnecessary complexities in a modular bond-graph model and eliminate them from the model without compromising accuracy. To this end, the activity concept in the literature is extended to define "inactivity" for junction elements, and simplification is obtained by detecting and eliminating inactive junction elements and by propagating the implications. It is shown that this simple idea can result in models that are conceptually and computationally more efficient. Some subtleties associated with this approach are highlighted.
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Hu, Y. H., Q. Xue, and W. J. Tompkins. "Structural simplification of a feed-forward, multilayer perceptron artificial neural network." In [Proceedings] ICASSP 91: 1991 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1991.150536.
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Shi, Chaoxuan, Tingwei Zhu, Tian Zhang, Jun Pang, and Minxue Pan. "Structural-semantics Guided Program Simplification for Understanding Neural Code Intelligence Models." In Internetware 2023: 14th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3609437.3609438.
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Furukawa, Y. "Evaluation of a practical automatic damage assessment system using a single accelerometer for wooden frame houses." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902455-18.
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Abstract In recent years, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been attracting more attention as a method to determine the existence of the damage and its extent. The typical SHM system employs many sensors to assess the damage quantitatively and qualitatively. However, such a system is not appropriate for wooden houses as it is very costly despite the strong demand. Therefore, developing a low-cost SHM system for wooden houses is necessary. We have been working on algorithms that automatically determine the degree of damage from the maximum inter-story drift angle and natural frequencies using two accelerometers and evaluate the accuracy of the results by applying them to full-scale shake table experimental data.[1] Then, we evolved the system to use only a single accelerometer. In this advanced method, we estimate the first natural frequency without being annoyed by the fundamental frequency of ground motion, which often deteriorates frequency estimation accuracy. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of the SHM system using only one sensor in practical scenarios. Firstly, we examined the proposed method using only one accelerometer through the simulation approach. Secondly, we test the system's applicability utilizing a series of large-scale shake table test data. Finally, we examine this method's validity and economic feasibility, contributing to cost reduction and simplification of the algorithm for practical use.
Reports on the topic "Structural simplification"
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Libby, Margarita H. Business Climate for Competitiveness in the Americas: Simplification of Procedures to Promote Competitiveness. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006894.
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International organizations most often recommend a virtual one stop shop such as the Single Window for Foreign Trade (Spanish acronym: VUCE). This model is undoubtedly the most successful scheme available. This paper presents the general framework for trade facilitation and shows how VUCEs have triggered a new perspective of cohesiveness as countries seek to facilitate trade and influence competitiveness indexes. In addition, it assesses the current situation in countries of the Americas that are starting to or have already taken the first steps in developing a VUCE, such as Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Chile, and discusses the conditions required to implement a VUCE with the understanding that there is more than one possible model of implementation and every government must choose one that is suitable to its own institutional structure and technological progress. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011.
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Lokke, Arnkjell, and Anil Chopra. Direct-Finite-Element Method for Nonlinear Earthquake Analysis of Concrete Dams Including Dam–Water–Foundation Rock Interaction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/crjy2161.
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Evaluating the seismic performance of concrete dams requires nonlinear dynamic analysis of two- or three-dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems that include all the factors known to be significant in the earthquake response of dams. Such analyses are greatly complicated by interaction between the structure, the impounded reservoir and the deformable foundation rock that supports it, and the fact that the fluid and foundation domains extend to large distances. Presented in this report is the development of a direct finite-element (FE) method for nonlinear earthquake analysis of two- and three-dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems. The analysis procedure applies standard viscous-damper absorbing boundaries to model the semi-unbounded fluid and foundation domains, and specifies at these boundaries effective earthquake forces determined from a ground motion defined at a control point on the ground surface. This report is organized in three parts, with a common notation list, references, and appendices at the end of the report. Part I develops the direct FE method for 2D dam–water–foundation rock systems. The underlying analytical framework of treating dam–water–foundation rock interaction as a scattering problem, wherein the dam perturbs an assumed "free-field" state of the system, is presented, and by applying these concepts to a bounded FE model with viscous-damper boundaries to truncate the semi-unbounded domains, the analysis procedure is derived. Step-by-step procedures for computing effective earthquake forces from analysis of two 1D free-field systems are presented, and the procedure is validated by computing frequency response functions and transient response of an idealized dam–water–foundation rock system and comparing against independent benchmark results. This direct FE method is generalized to 3D systems in Part II of this report. While the fundamental concepts of treating interaction as a scattering problem are similar for 2D and 3D systems, the derivation and implementation of the method for 3D systems is much more involved. Effective earthquake forces must now be computed by analyzing a set of 1D and 2D systems derived from the boundaries of the free-field systems, which requires extensive book-keeping and data transfer for large 3D models. To reduce these requirements and facilitate implementation of the direct FE method for 3D systems, convenient simplifications of the procedure are proposed and their effectiveness demonstrated. Part III of the report proposes to use the direct FE method for conducting the large number of nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs) required for performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) of concrete dams, and discusses practical modeling considerations for two of the most influential aspects of these analyses: nonlinear mechanisms and energy dissipation (damping). The findings have broad implications for modeling of energy dissipation and calibration of damping values for concrete dam analyses. At the end of Part III, the direct FE method is implemented with a commercial FE program and used to compute the nonlinear response of an actual arch dam. These nonlinear results, although limited in their scope, demonstrate the capabilities and effectiveness of the direct FE method to compute the types of nonlinear engineering response quantities required for PBEE of concrete dams.
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SIMPLIFIED MODELLING OF NOVEL NON-WELDED JOINTS FOR MODULAR STEEL BUILDINGS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.4.10.
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Prefabricated modular steel (PFMS) construction is a more efficient and safe method of constructing a high-quality building with less waste material and labour dependency than traditional steel construction. It is indeed critical to have a precise and valuable intermodular joining system that allows for efficient load transfer, safe handling, and optimal use of modular units' strength. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop joints using tension bolts and solid tenons welded into the gusset plate (GP). These joints ensured rigid and secure connectivity in both horizontal and vertical directions for the modular units. Using the three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis software ABAQUS, the study investigated the nonlinear lateral structural performance of the joint and two-storey modular steel building (MSB). The solid element FE models of joints were then simplified by introducing connectors and beam elements to enhance computational efficiency. Numerous parameters indicated that column tenons were important in determining the joint's structural performance. Moreover, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.025, the developed connectors and beam element models accurately predicted the structural behaviour of the joints. As a result of their simplification, these joints demonstrated effective load distribution, seismic performance, and ductility while reducing computational time, effort, and complexity. The validity of the FE analysis was then determined by comparing the results to the thirteen joint bending tests performed in the reference.
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SEISMIC PERFORMANCE AND REPLACEABILITY OF STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES WITH REPLACEABLE BEAM SEGMENTS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2024.20.1.8.
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This study assessed the seismic performance and replaceability of steel frame structures incorporating replaceable beam segments. A reduced-beam-section beam-column joint featuring a replaceable energy dissipation beam segment was specifically designed for this purpose. The joint underwent quasi-static analysis subjected to low-cycle reciprocating loading. The study extended to a single-story, single-span plane steel frame, where reduced-beam-section beam-column joints with replaceable energy dissipation beam segments were analyzed for hysteretic and deformation behavior. Moreover, the exploration of parameters such as end-plate opening clearance and rotation deformation was undertaken to inform the simplification of the overall plane frame model. Meanwhile, multi-scale models were developed for an eight-story, four-span, reduced-beam-section steel frame (RBSSF) with a replaceable energy dissipation beam segment and a rigid steel frame (RSF). These models were employed to analyze the elastoplastic time-history characteristics and the replaceability of the beam segment. The results demonstrated that the reduced-beam-section beam-column joint with a replaceable energy dissipation beam segment exhibited a relatively full hysteresis curve, affirming high ductility, energy dissipation, and plastic deformation capacities. Notably, damage and plastic development in the steel beam primarily concentrated in the low-yield-point replaceable energy dissipation beam segment. The small end-plate opening clearance ensured cooperative deformation between the end plates facilitated by the bolts. Comparatively, the RBSSF structure displayed superior seismic performance to the RSF structure during earthquakes, with the replaceable energy dissipation beam segment satisfying replaceability requirements under moderate seismic conditions.