Academic literature on the topic 'Structural properties of condensed matter'

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Journal articles on the topic "Structural properties of condensed matter"

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Lulek, Tadeusz, Andrzej Wal, and Barbara Lulek. "Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 104 (March 1, 2008): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/104/1/011001.

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Lulek, Tadeusz, Andrzej Wal, and Barbara Lulek. "10th Summer School on Theoretical Physics ‘Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter’." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 213 (March 1, 2010): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/213/1/011001.

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Fahy, S., and D. R. Hamann. "Electronic and structural properties ofCaSi2." Physical Review B 41, no. 11 (April 15, 1990): 7587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.7587.

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Machizaud, F., K. Ounadjela, and G. Suran. "Magnetic and structural properties of amorphous CoTi soft ferromagnetic thin films. II. Structural properties." Physical Review B 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.40.587.

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Gemert, Barry Van, Anil Kumar, and David B. Knowles. "Naphthopyrans. Structural Features and Photochromic Properties." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 297, no. 1 (May 1997): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259708036113.

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Aldoshin, Sergei M. "Spiropyrans: Structural Features and Photochemical Properties." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 246, no. 1 (May 1994): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259408037815.

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Śliwa, Izabela, and A. V. Zakharov. "Structural, Optical and Dynamic Properties of Thin Smectic Films." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040321.

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The problem of predicting structural and dynamic behavior associated with thin smectic films, both deposited on a solid surface or stretched over an opening, when the temperature is slowly increased above the bulk transition temperature towards either the nematic or isotropic phases, remains an interesting one in the physics of condensed matter. A useful route in studies of structural and optical properties of thin smectic films is provided by a combination of statistical–mechanical theories, hydrodynamics of liquid crystal phases, and optical and calorimetric techniques. We believe that this review shows some useful routes not only for the further examining of the validity of a theoretical description of thin smectic films, both deposited on a solid surface or stretched over an opening, but also for analyzing their structural, optical, and dynamic properties.
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Kuppan, M., S. Kaleemulla, N. Madhusudhana Rao, N. Sai Krishna, M. Rigana Begam, and M. Shobana. "Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni DopedSnO2." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/284237.

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Nickel (Ni) doped SnO2powder samples were prepared using solid-state reaction with dopant concentrations in the range of 3 at.% to 15 at.%. The influence of Ni doping on structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the powder samples has been investigated. All the Ni doped powder samples exhibited tetragonal structure of SnO2. A decrease in optical band gap was observed with increase of Ni doping levels. The vibrating sample magnetometer measurements revealed that the Ni doped SnO2powder samples were ferromagnetic at room temperature.
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Oehzelt, M., K. Weinmeier, G. Heimel, P. Puschnig, R. Resel, C. Ambrosch-Draxl, F. Porsch, and A. Nakayama. "Structural Properties of Anthracene Under High Pressure." High Pressure Research 22, no. 2 (January 2002): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957950212776.

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Mota, R., M. Machado, and P. Piquini. "Structural and Electronic Properties of 240° Nanocones." physica status solidi (c), no. 2 (February 2003): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200306216.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural properties of condensed matter"

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Lee, Dok Won. "Structural and magnetic properties of copperiron multilayers." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20264.

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The structural and magnetic properties of Diamagnetic/Ferromagnetic: Cu/Fe multilayers, prepared by DC-magnetron sputtering, were studied as a function of Fe layer thickness tFe. Structural characterization reveals the successful growth of high-quality layered structures along the film growth direction. However, the increasing contribution of the interface roughness was visible with decreasing tFe . X-ray diffraction data indicate the dissolution of Fe atoms in fcc Cu medium due to interfacial mixing.
The magnetic transition from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism with decreasing tFe was confirmed by conversion-electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), vibrating sample magnetometry, and magnetotransport measurements. The monotonic decrease in the average hyperfine field with t Fe indicates that the transition is a gradual process as t Fe decreases from 34 A down to 7 A. The isomer shift of the singlets in the CEM spectra suggests the presence of fcc Fe, while the observed doublet is assigned to the Cu-Fe alloy phase at the interfaces.
The variation of magnetoresistance (MR) with t Cu indicates that for a nominal t Fe of 20 A the multilayer has a well-defined superlattice structure, whereas multilayers with nominal tFe, of 5 A have a granular-alloy-like structure. AC susceptometry provided direct evidence for island formation for nominal tFe = 5 A by exhibiting the blocking characteristics of superparamagnets. The temperature-dependence of the magnetization suggests that for nominal tFe = 5 A, 75% of the Fe atoms are in the superparamagnetic bcc phase, leaving the remaining 25% in the Cu-Fe alloy and fcc Fe phases.
The observed magnetic transition is likely due to superparamagnetic relaxation rather than a structural transition from bcc Fe to fcc Fe as t Fe decreases below a critical thickness tC at which a multilayer structure becomes an island structure.
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Church, Christopher J. "The structural, thermal, and magnetic properties of manganese silicon sulfide." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6806.

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$\rm Mn\sb2SiS\sb4$ is a synthetic Olivine in which we have discovered an exceptional temperature dependent magnetic behavior that may lead to interesting applications. A state of spontaneous magnetization was found to exist in this material, but only between 83 and 86.5 K. In order to explain this unusual magnetic phenomena, polycrystalline samples of $\rm Mn\sb2SiS\sb4$ were first prepared from the elements and studied by SQUID magnetometry in low fields, by X-ray and neutron diffraction, by electron spin resonance (ESR) and by specific heat calorimetry. This research, in which the author was a member of a team, is described. His specific contributions include among others; the debugging and extension of some of the computer programs used to analyze the neutron diffraction results, the interfacing of the Bruker ESR spectrometer to a IBM compatible computer and the development of the computer progams to acquire the resonance curves and analyze the line spectra, the analysis of the ESR results, the assembly of parts of an apparatus and the development of a procedure to measure the specific heat of small samples in the 77 to 150 K range as well as some preliminary measurements on a sample of $\rm Mn\sb2SiS\sb4.$ These contributions are emphasized in this thesis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Kim, Jeha. "Structural and elastic properties of silver-palladium and copper-palladium superlattices." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186275.

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I prepared Ag/Pd and Cu/Pd superlattices using both sputtering and molecular beam epitaxy. For the Ag/Pd (t(Ag):t(Pd) = 1:1) superlattices, I observed two distinctive behaviors in the structural coherence length ξ as a function of modulation wavelength Λ. Using Brillouin light scattering (BLS) I observed a 50% enhancement of the shear elastic constant c₅₅ and a 16% increase of c₁₁ with decreasing Λ. Annealing study showed that a high structural order of the films in the growth direction was strongly correlated to the increase of c₅₅. For the 3:1 and 1:3 Ag/Pd samples, I also observed a monotonic increase of the Rayleigh velocity υ(R) (or c₅₅) with decreasing Λ and similar behavior in the structural coherence length to the 1:1 samples. In conclusion, the recrystallization of the alloy and the formation of extended interfaces by intermixing at the Ag-Pd interfaces are responsible for a large enhancement of c₅₅. Using BLS for the Cu/Pd superlattices, I observed a 24% decrease of c₅₅ as Λ was decreased to ∼30-40 Å, followed by a rapid increase for smaller Λ. The observed homogeneous strain in the growth direction showed a strong relationship with c₅₅. The strain was localized at the interface and the Cu/Pd films were in compressive stress for Λ < 38 Å. In conclusion, a localized strain at the interfaces in Cu/Pd is related to the softening in c₅₅. The measurements of in-plane lattice spacing d[220] indicated a structural transformation of the films at Λ = 14 Å from an incoherent to a coherent structure. However, the in-plane strain did not show any relationship with the softening of c₅₅. For single crystalline Cu/Pd superlattices, well-defined RHEED streaks showed incommensurate growth of Cu(111) on Pd(111) layer. The measured shear elastic constant c₅₅ showed a 26% decrease with respect to the largest Λ film with a peak at Λ ≃ 40 Å. Unlike the sputtered films, while c₅₅ decreases by 26% with decreasing Λ, the Cu/Pd films show no change in d(avg)[111] for Λ > 40 Å. I observed no in-plane anisotropies in υ(R) as predicted from theory for single crystal films.
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Freitag, James M. (James Mac). "Structural and magnetotransport properties of nickelcobalt multilayers." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24003.

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Ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic Ni/Co multilayers with component layer thicknesses ranging from 40 A down to 5 A were prepared by DC-magnetron sputtering. Due to the fact that Ni and Co alloys share a common d band, it is expected that the total resistance of the multilayers, including the elemental resistance of the layers and the resistance of the interdiffused alloyed region at the interfaces, will be lower than for other 3d transition metal combinations. Consequently, the magnetoresistance ratio $ Delta rho/ rho$ is expected to be enhanced.
Structural characterization by grazing-angle X-ray reflectivity reveals high-quality layered structures with a well-defined composition modulation along the film growth direction. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction scans display the polycrystalline nature of the Ni/Co multilayers which grow in an FCC phase with a preferred (111) orientation and a fraction of (200) structural domains.
Measurements of the magnetotransport properties of these multilayers indicate that the magnetoresistance (MR) effect, $ Delta rho sim0.35 mu Omega cdot$cm, is roughly constant over the entire compositional range. The MR ratio $ Delta rho/ rho,$ which is as high as 3.0% in a Si/(Ni40A/Co5A) $ times$ 6 multilayer, is therefore more strongly dependent on the zero-field resistivity $ rho.$ By fitting a semi-classical model to the resistivity compositional variation, we determined the interface contribution to the resistivity. The MR measurements as well as the magnetic anisotropy of the films, studied by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) magnetometry, are consistent with the origin of the observed MR effect being anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). The highest magnetic sensitivity measured at zero-field and constant in the range from ${ sim}{-}10$ Oe to +10 Oe was 0.1%/Oe. This value compares well with other alloys being developed as magnetic sensors. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Pavlenyi, Marc. "Effects of short range order on structural and transport properties of Cu-Ni-Zr amorphous alloys." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59379.

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The effects of short range order on the structural and transport properties of the $ rm Cu sb{1-x}Ni sb{x}Zr sb2$ amorphous metallic alloy system are studied. Depending on composition, these amorphous alloys crystallize into different structures. CuZr$ sb2$ has the I4/mmm (C11) structure and NiZr$ sb2$ has the I4/mcm (C16) structure. It is believed that the short range order in the amorphous phase is related to the final crystalline phase. A careful study (using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction on as made and crystallized states, room temperature magnetic susceptibility and resistivity, and a determination of the superconducting transition temperature of as-made and annealed states) has been done to see what transport properties are affected.
It is observed that there is a linear increase in the values of the susceptibility, resistivity, and superconducting transition temperature of the system from CuZr$ sb2$ to NiZr$ sb2.$ This is attributed to an increase of the electronic density of states as the concentration of Ni increases. There is little or no influence on transport properties due to topological short range order.
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Van, Leeuwen Robert Alan. "Structural and magnetic properties of cobalt/palladium superlattices, ultra-thin cobalt films and manganese antimony alloys." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186431.

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Structural, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties of Co/Pd and Co/Pd/Cu superlattices, ultra-thin Co films and MnSb alloys have been studied. The superlattices and Co films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) while the MnSb alloy films were made by sputtering techniques. Several x-ray diffraction techniques were used to analyze the physical structure of the superlattices and alloys. Magnetometry techniques were used to determine some of the room temperature and temperature dependent magnetic properties of the films. In situ and ex situ measurements of the magneto-optical properties of the ultra-thin Co films and alloys also were made.
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NGUYEN, TUAN ANH. "INVESTIGATIONS OF ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF II-VI SELF-ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1143155352.

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Hugger, Peter George 1980. "Structural and electronic properties of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon employed in thin film photovoltaics." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11255.

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xxi, 134 p. : ill. (some col.)
Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) is a semiconducting material that is very useful as a thin film photovoltaic. A mixture of amorphous and crystalline silicon components, nc-Si:H shows good carrier mobilities, enhanced infrared response, and high resilience to light-induced degradation of its electronic properties, a thermally reversible degenerative phenomenon known as the Staebler-Wronski Effect (SWE). However, production of nc-Si:H is difficult in part because the structural and electronic properties of this material are not well understood. For example, its electronic properties have even been observed by some authors to improve upon prolonged light exposure, in direct opposition to the SWE observed in purely amorphous thin film silicon. We used several junction capacitance based measurements together with characterization methods such as Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy to better understand the structure/function relationships present in nc-Si:H. Drive level capacitance profiling (DLCP) was used to determine densities, spatial distributions, and energies of deep-gap defects. Transient photocapacitance (TPC) and transient photocurrent (TPI) were used to characterize optical transitions and the degree of minority carrier collection. Materials had crystallite volume fractions between 20% and 80% and were deposited using RF and modified VHF glow discharge (PECVD) processes at United Solar Ovonic, LLC. Measurements were made as a function of metastable state: annealed states were produced by exposing the material to temperatures above 370K for 0.5h and the lightsoaked state was produced by exposure to 200mW/cm 2 610nm long-pass filtered light from an ELH halogen source for 100h. We identified two deep defects in nc-Si:H. A primary defect appearing throughout the material at an electronic transition energy of roughly 0.7eV below the conduction band, and a second defect 0.4eV below the conduction band which was localized near the p/i junction interface. Results suggested that the deeper defect is related to the presence of oxygen and is located in grain boundary regions. The energy depth of this defect appears also to be somewhat dependent on metastable state. This phenomenon, and the universal decrease in minority carrier collection upon lightsoaking are accounted for in a model of electronic behavior we have developed over the course of this study.
Committee in charge: Dr. Miriam Deutsch, Chairperson; Dr. J. David Cohen, Advisor; Dr. Roger Haydock, Member; Dr. Heiner Linke, Member Dr. Mark Lonergan Outside Member
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Baumgartl, Jörg. "Colloids as model systems for condensed matter investigation of structural and dynamical properties of colloidal systems using digital video microscopy and optical tweezers /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-31322.

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Chen, Hsiung. "Preparation, properties, and structure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054566593.

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Books on the topic "Structural properties of condensed matter"

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Antwerp, Advanced Study Institute on Electronic Structure Dynamics and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter (1984). Electronic structure, dynamics, and quantum structural properties of condensed matter. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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Devreese, Jozef T., and Piet Van Camp, eds. Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8.

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International School on Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter (2nd 1992 Poznań, Poland). Symmetry and structural properties of condensed matter: Second International School of Theoretical Physics, Poznań, Poland, 26 August-2 September 1992. Edited by Florek W, Lipiński D, and Lulek Tadeusz. Singapore: World Scientific, 1993.

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Tadeusz, Lulek, Florek W, and Lulek Barbara, eds. Symmetry and structural properties of condensed matter: Proceedings of the 4th International School on Theoretical Physics, Zajączkowo, Poland, 29 August-4 September 1996. Singapore: World Scientific, 1997.

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Tadeusz, Lulek, Lulek Barbara, and Wal A, eds. Symmetry and structural properties of condensed matter: Sixth's [sic] International School of Theoretical Physics, Myczkowce, Poland, 31 August-6 September 2000. Singapore: World Scientific, 2001.

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Tadeusz, Lulek, Florek W, and Wałcerz S, eds. Symmetry and structural properties of condensed matter: Proceedings of the Third International School on Theoretical Physics, Zajączkowo, Poland, 1-7 September 1994. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.

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1945-, Švec Petr, Idzikowski Bogdan, Miglierini Marcel, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Properties and applications of nanocrystalline alloys from amorphous precursors. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2005.

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Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki. Structure and Properties of Aperiodic Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003.

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Jürgen, Tomas, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Micro-Macro-interaction: In Structured media and Particle Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.

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Magnetism in the solid state: An introduction. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structural properties of condensed matter"

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Mortensen, Kell, Walter Pfeiffer, Erich Sackmann, and Wolfgang Knoll. "Structural Properties of a Lecithin-Cholesterol System: Ripple Structure and Phase Diagram." In Phase Transitions in Soft Condensed Matter, 293–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0551-4_28.

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Tosi, M. P. "Hot Solid Properties From Liquid Structure Within Density Functional Theory." In Condensed Matter Theories, 603–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2934-7_54.

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Angilella, G. G. N. "Structural Effects on Electronic Properties of Selected Materials." In Correlations in Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions, 31–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53664-4_3.

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Heine, Volker. "Computation of Electronic Structure: Its Role in the Development of Solid State Physics." In Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, 1–5. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8_1.

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Pollak, Fred H., and Orest J. Glembocki. "Intervalley Electron-Phonon and Hole-Phonon Interactions in Semiconductors: Experiment and Theory." In Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, 451–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8_10.

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Bron, W. E. "Nonlinear Electronic and Dynamical Response of Solids in the Ultrashort Time Domain." In Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, 495–518. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8_11.

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Wallace, Duane C. "Molecular-Dynamic Simulations of Many-Particle Systems: New Faces on Old Problems." In Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, 521–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8_12.

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Devreese, J. T., and F. Brosens. "Basic Concepts in Dielectric Response and Pseudopotentials." In Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, 9–112. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8_2.

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Hanke, W., N. Meskini, and H. Weiler. "Exchange — Correlation Potential for the Quasi-Particle Bloch States of a Semiconductor." In Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, 113–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8_3.

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Devreese, J. T., P. E. Van Camp, and V. E. Van Doren. "Ab-Initio Calculation of the Phonon Frequencies in Covalent Semiconductors Using the Dielectric Screening Method." In Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, 157–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0899-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structural properties of condensed matter"

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Dugaev, Vitalii, Igor Tralle, Andrzej Wal, and Józef Barnaś. "FRONT MATTER." In Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813234345_fmatter.

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Lulek, T., B. Lulek, and A. Wal. "Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter." In 5th International School on Theoretical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814527354.

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Lulek, T., W. Florek, and B. Lulek. "Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter." In 4th International School on Theoretical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814530149.

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Lulek, T., W. Florek, and S. Wałcerz. "SYMMETRY AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER." In 3rd International School on Theoretical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814533508.

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Florek, W., D. Lipiński, and T. Lulek. "SYMMETRY AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER." In 2nd International School of Theoretical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814536677.

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Florek, W., T. Lulek, and M. Mucha. "Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter." In Proceedings of the International School. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814539753.

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Cunningham, Beth A. "Condensed Matter-Structural, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: 4th IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795255.

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Chotorlishvili, L., M. Azimi, S. Stagraczyński, and J. Berakdar. "Quantum Heat Engines with Multiferroic Working Substance." In Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813234345_0001.

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Gmitra, M., D. Kochan, P. Högl, and J. Fabian. "Proximity Spin-orbit Coupling Physics of Graphene in Transition-metal Dichalcogenides." In Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813234345_0002.

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Lulek, T. "Bethe Ansatz and Integrability." In Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813234345_0003.

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Reports on the topic "Structural properties of condensed matter"

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Richard C. Stehouwer, and Jon Chorover. Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575291.bard.

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Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and exchange. Our original research objectives were to (1) identify and quantify the active compost components involved in Ca transport, (2) determine the relative affinity of the compost components for Ca and competing metals in the two soil/spoil systems, (3) determine the efficacy of the compost components in Ca transport to subjacent soil and subsequent exchange with native soil cations, and (4) assess the impacts of compost enhanced Ca transport on soil properties and plant growth. Acidic mine spoils: During the course of the project the focus for objective (1) and (2) shifted more towards developing and evaluating methods to appropriately quantify Ca2+ and Al3+ binding to compost derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be shown that calcium complexation by sewage sludge compost derived DOM did not significantly change during the composting process. A method for studying Al3+ binding to DOM was successfully developed and should allow future insight into DOM-Al3+ interactions in general. Laboratory column experiments as well as greenhouse experiments showed that in very acidic mine spoil material mineral dissolution controls solution Al3+ concentration as opposed to exchange with Ca2+. Therefore compost appeared to have no effect on Al3+ and Ca2+ mobility and did not affect subsoil acidity. Sodic alkaline soils: Batch experiments with Na+ saturated cation exchange resins as a model for sodic soils showed that compost home cations exchanged readily with Na+. Unlike filtered compost extracts, unfiltered compost suspensions also significantly increased Ca2+ release from CaCO3. Soil lysimeter experiments demonstrated a clear impact of compost on structural improvement in sodic alkaline soils. Young compost had faster, clearer and longer lasting effects on soil physical and chemical properties than mature compost. Even after 2 growing seasons differences could still be observed. Compost increased Ca2+ concentration in soil solution and solubility of pedogenic CaCO3 that is highly insoluble under alkaline conditions. The solubilized Ca2+ efficiently exchanged Na+ in the compost treated soils and thus greatly improved the soil structure.
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