Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structural permeability

Academic literature on the topic 'Structural permeability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Structural permeability"

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Bailey, Adam, Rosalind King, Simon Holford, Joshua Sage, Martin Hand, and Guillaume Backe. "Defining structural permeability in Australian sedimentary basins." APPEA Journal 55, no. 1 (2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14010.

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Declining conventional hydrocarbon reserves have triggered exploration towards unconventional energy, such as CSG, shale gas and enhanced geothermal systems. Unconventional play viability is often heavily dependent on the presence of secondary permeability in the form of interconnected natural fracture networks that commonly exert a prime control over permeability due to low primary permeabiliy of in situ rock units. Structural permeability in the Northern Perth, SA Otway, and Northern Carnarvon basins is characterised using an integrated geophysical and geological approach combining wellbore logs, seismic attribute analysis and detailed structural geology. Integration of these methods allows for the identification of faults and fractures across a range of scales (millimetre to kilometre), providing crucial permeability information. New stress orientation data is also interpreted, allowing for stress-based predictions of fracture reactivation. Otway Basin core shows open fractures are rarer than image logs indicate; this is due to the presence of fracture-filling siderite, an electrically conductive cement that may cause fractures to appear hydraulically conductive in image logs. Although the majority of fractures detected are favourably oriented for reactivation under in situ stresses, fracture fill primarily controls which fractures are open, demonstrating that lithological data is often essential for understanding potential structural permeability networks. The Carnarvon Basin is shown to host distinct variations in fracture orientation attributable to the in situ stress regime, regional tectonic development and local structure. A detailed understanding of the structural development, from regional-scale (hundreds of kilometres) down to local-scale (kilometres), is demonstrated to be of importance when attempting to understand structural permeability.
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Deen, William M., Matthew J. Lazzara, and Bryan D. Myers. "Structural determinants of glomerular permeability." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 281, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): F579—F596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.4.f579.

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Recent progress in relating the functional properties of the glomerular capillary wall to its unique structure is reviewed. The fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and epithelial filtration slits form a series arrangement in which the flow diverges as it enters the GBM from the fenestrae and converges again at the filtration slits. A hydrodynamic model that combines morphometric findings with water flow data in isolated GBM has predicted overall hydraulic permeabilities that are consistent with measurements in vivo. The resistance of the GBM to water flow, which accounts for roughly half that of the capillary wall, is strongly dependent on the extent to which the GBM surfaces are blocked by cells. The spatial frequency of filtration slits is predicted to be a very important determinant of the overall hydraulic permeability, in keeping with observations in several glomerular diseases in humans. Whereas the hydraulic resistances of the cell layers and GBM are additive, the overall sieving coefficient for a macromolecule (its concentration in Bowman's space divided by that in plasma) is the product of the sieving coefficients for the individual layers. Models for macromolecule filtration reveal that the individual sieving coefficients are influenced by one another and by the filtrate velocity, requiring great care in extrapolating in vitro observations to the living animal. The size selectivity of the glomerular capillary has been shown to be determined largely by the cellular layers, rather than the GBM. Controversial findings concerning glomerular charge selectivity are reviewed, and it is concluded that there is good evidence for a role of charge in restricting the transmural movement of albumin. Also discussed is an effect of albumin that has received little attention, namely, its tendency to increase the sieving coefficients of test macromolecules via steric interactions. Among the unresolved issues are the specific contributions of the endothelial glycocalyx and epithelial slit diaphragm to the overall hydraulic resistance and macromolecule selectivity and the nanostructural basis for the observed permeability properties of the GBM.
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Drumond, M. C., and W. M. Deen. "Structural determinants of glomerular hydraulic permeability." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 266, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): F1—F12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1994.266.1.f1.

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To elucidate which structures determine the resistance to water movement, we used a computational fluid dynamics approach to determine velocity and pressure fields within the glomerular capillary wall. The model included representations of the endothelial fenestrae, basement membrane, and epithelial filtration slits with slit diaphragms. The input data included dimensions of the various structures from previous electron microscopy studies, as well as the hydraulic permeability recently measured for isolated films of glomerular basement membrane in vitro. The hydraulic resistance of the endothelium was predicted to be small, whereas the basement membrane and filtration slits were each found to contribute roughly one-half of the total hydraulic resistance of the capillary wall. It was calculated that, for a given filtrate flux, the pressure drop within basement membrane in vivo is roughly twice that of “bare” or isolated basement membrane, because of the small fraction of basement membrane area exposed. The dominant resistance in the filtration slit was found to be the slit diaphragm. Predicted values for the overall hydraulic permeability of the capillary wall were within the experimental range derived from micropuncture measurements in normal rats. The model should be a useful tool for analyzing the effects of various structural changes on glomerular hydraulic permeability. This is illustrated by applying the model to recent physiological and morphometric data in nephrotic rats.
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Andrew, Matthew. "Permeability Prediction using multivariant structural regression." E3S Web of Conferences 146 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014604001.

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A novel method for permeability prediction is presented using multivariant structural regression. A machine learning based model is trained using a large number (2,190, extrapolated to 219,000) of synthetic datasets constructed using a variety of object-based techniques. Permeability, calculated on each of these networks using traditional digital rock approaches, was used as a target function for a multivariant description of the pore network structure, created from the statistics of a discrete description of grains, pores and throats, generated through image analysis. A regression model was created using an Extra-Trees method with an error of <4% on the target set. This model was then validated using a composite series of data created both from proprietary datasets of carbonate and sandstone samples and open source data available from the Digital Rocks Portal (www.digitalrocksporta.org) with a Root Mean Square Fractional Error of <25%. Such an approach has wide applicability to problems of heterogeneity and scale in pore scale analysis of porous media, particularly as it has the potential of being applicable on 2D as well as 3D data.
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Cao, Shuanghua, Zhiliang Lou, Leheng Wang, and Minsi Li. "The Research of Building Air Permeability Based on Building Structural Tightness." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2142.

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The building air permeability plays a major role in both building energy performance and indoor air quality. The performance of structural tightness is set as an evaluation index of building air permeability, which is employed to analyze the relationship among building air permeability, building construction and window/door air permeability. Based on some assumptions, the coefficient of building structural tightness is established to summarize the influential factors on building air permeability, and the theory method is provided to improve the building air permeability. A model of air permeability for a small room is taken as an example. The results indicate that the building structural tightness coefficient is available to analyze the building air permeability.
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KIM, JAE-SIK, EUI-SUN CHOI, YOUNG-HIE LEE, and KI-WON RYU. "STRUCTURAL AND RF PROPERTIES OFCo2ZFERRITE FOR ANTENNA SUBSTATE." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2009): 3731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909021764.

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The sintering behavior and high frequency electro-magnetic properties of Ba3Co2Fe24O41ceramics were investigated for the small antenna application. All samples of the Ba3Co2Fe24O41ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method and sintered at 1150°C 1400°C. From the XRD patterns of calcined Ba3Co2Fe24O41powders, the most suitable condition for calcining was 600°C–1000°C. Ba3Co2Fe24O41phase was observed in sintered Ba3Co2Fe24O41ceramics as main phase. Bulk densities increased with sintering temperature and decreased at 1400°C. Permittivity and permeability of the Ba3Co2Fe24O41ceramics increased or decreased with sintering temperature, respectively. On the other hand, loss tangent of permittivity and of permeability showed contrary tendency with permittivity and permeability. The permittivity and loss tangent of permittivity of Ba3Co2Fe24O41ceramics sintered at 1300°C were 19.896 and 0.171 at 210 MHz. and the measured value of permeability and loss tangent of permeability were 14.218 and 0.204, respectively.
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Kikuchi, H., K. Noguchi, T. Liu, K. Ara, Y. Kamada, and S. Takahashi. "Characterization of Structural Materials Using AC Permeability." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 29, no. 5 (2005): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.29.563.

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Real, Sofia, and J. Alexandre Bogas. "Oxygen permeability of structural lightweight aggregate concrete." Construction and Building Materials 137 (April 2017): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.075.

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Cǒté, Wilfred A. "Structural factors affecting the permeability of wood." Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2007): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070020122.

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Over, Björn, Pär Matsson, Christian Tyrchan, Per Artursson, Bradley C. Doak, Michael A. Foley, Constanze Hilgendorf, et al. "Structural and conformational determinants of macrocycle cell permeability." Nature Chemical Biology 12, no. 12 (October 17, 2016): 1065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2203.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural permeability"

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Rezai, Taha. "Structural permeability relationships of cyclic peptides /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Ioannidou, Sofia. "Structural and functional analysis of vascular permeability." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444750/.

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Vascular permeability and its regulation are indispensable for normal circulatory function and tissue homeostasis. When unregulated, vascular permeability contributes significantly to blood vessel related pathologies, such as cancer and diabetic retinopathy. Interposed between blood and tissues, endothelial cells become structurally and functionally differentiated, to mediate controlled permeability. The aim of this thesis work was to develop suitable systems to study two different aspects of vascular permeability, endothelial fenestrae formation and tyrosine phophatase-based regulation of paracellular permeability. Transcellular permeability describes the passage of water and macromolecules across endothelial cells. A route for transcellular permeability is provided by fenestrae, the 60 nm circular pores that span the entire thickness of highly attenuated endothelia encountered in endocrine or filtrating organs. In an attempt to gain insight into the structure and biogenesis of fenestrae I helped set up an in vitro culture system where fenestrae could be rapidly induced in cell biological and biochemical quantities. To understand the molecular composition of fenestrae I established a biochemical method for their enrichment. Subtractive proteomic analysis performed on a subcellular fraction enriched in plasma membranes revealed proteins with roles in actin filament disassembly, plasma membrane remodeling, endocytosis, and membrane to cytoskeleton linkage. One particular candidate, the membrane-cytoskeleton linker moesin, was validated as a component of fenestrae by immunocytochemical means. Paracellular permeability occurs through tight or adherens junctions that join endothelial cells. In order to understand the regulation of paracellular permeability through adherens junctions I focused on Vascular Endothelial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (VE-PTP), a demonstrated phosphatase modulator of the junctional protein VE-cadherin. To this end I established transgenic mice with inducible expression of wildtype or mutant VE-PTP in endothelial cells. A correlation between VE-PTP expression at the RNA level and embryonic defects suggests the potential utility of the mice as models of adherens junction dysfunction.
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Bamforth, P. B. "The structural permeability of concrete at cryogenic temperatures." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14275/.

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The thesis describes a programme of research designed to identify concretes for application at cryogenic temperature, in particular for storage of Liquefield Natural Gas which is maintained at a temperature of -165oC. The programme was undertaken in two stages. Stage 1 involved screening tests on seventeen concrete mixes to investigate the effects of strength grade (and water/cement ratio), air entrainment, aggregate type and cement type. Four mixes were selected on the basis of low temperature strength, residual strength after thermal cycling and permeability at ambient temperature. In Stage 2 the selected mixes were subjected to a comprehensive range of tests to measure those properties which determine the leak tightness of a concrete tank at temperatures down to -165oC. These included gas permeability; tensile strength, strain capacity, thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus, which in combination provide a measure of resistance to cracking; and bond to reinforcement, which is one of the determining factors regarding crack size and spacing. The results demonstrated that the properties of concrete were generally enhanced at cryogenic temperature, with reduced permeability, reduced crack proneness and, by virtue of increased bond to reinforcement, better control of cracking should it occur. Of the concretes tested, a lightweight mix containing sintered PFA aggregate exhibited the best performance at ambient and cryogenic temperature, having appreciably lower permeability and higher crack resistance than normal weight concretes of the same strength grade. The lightweight mix was most sensitive to thermal cycling, but there was limited evidence that this behaviour would not be significant if the concrete was prestressed. Relationships between various properties have been identified, the most significant being the reduction in gas permeability with increasing strain capacity. The structural implications of the changing properties of the concrete have also been considered.
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Dunn, A. G. "Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, autoimmunity, structural and functional inter-relationships." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598691.

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This thesis describes the investigation into the interactions between anti-neutrophil cyptoplasm antibody (ANCA) autoantibodies to Bactericidal/Permeability Increasing Protein (BPI) and BPI. BPI is located in the azurophilic granules of cells of the myeloid lineage and functions to kill gram negative bacteria, neutralise endotoxin and opsonise bacteria for phagocytosis. Autoantibodies to BPI have been discovered in a range of diseases raising interest in their role in pathogenesis, either through perturbation of BPI's biological function, or through their interaction with BPI expressed on the surface of the primed neutrophils. This thesis describes studies which investigate the epitopes recognised by anti-BPI ANCA, their effect on the functions of BPI in vitro, and their relationship to clinical parameters in a population with the unifying diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Using molecular fusion proteins of BPI, synthesised by recombinant DNA technology it was found that anti-BPI ANCA recognised epitopes located in the carboxyl domain of BPI, but not the amino terminal. Furthermore they inhibited the BPI mediated opsonisation/phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils, a recently characterised function of the carboxyl domain. Anti-BPI autoantibodies, had no effect on the amino terminal functions of BPI. In addition anti-BPI ANCA were found to cause primed neutrophils to undergo respiratory burst. When a cystic fibrosis population was investigated for the prevalence of anti-BPI ANCA it was found that anti-BPI antibody levels showed a strong association with patient bacterial colonisation status. These results suggest that anti-BPI ANCA may contribute to chronic infection and inflammation in diseases such as cystic fibrosis by impairing bacterial phagocytosis and activating neutrophils.
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Reinwald, Yvonne. "Investigation of interconnectivity and permeability in correlation with scaffold structural properties." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574659.

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It is widely accepted that pore interconnectivity and permeability are important characteristics effecting cell migration and cell response as well as the transport of nutrients, oxygen and cellular waste products throughout porous tissue engineering scaffolds. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that limited mass transport throughout three-dimensional structures resulted in diminished cell survival and cell distribution being restricted to the scaffold periphery. Several approaches were described for the quantification of scaffold permeability for liquid systems. Up to date, there are only a limited number of quantitative approaches to determine three-dimensional scaffold interconnectivity. This study aims to investigate interconnectivity and permeability in correlation with pore size and porosity. Therefore, tissue engineering scaffolds were fabricated by solvent casting/particulate leaching, supercritical fluid technology and particle sintering. In order to obtain different scaffold architectures, processing conditions were modified. Pore size, pore size distribution and porosity were quantified by MicroCT, and pore windows were analyzed using SEM. A novel interconnectivity algorithm was developed, which allowed the quantification of interconnectivity in 3D throughout the entire scaffold. Permeability of pre-wet scaffolds was determined. Results suggested that scaffolds with larger pore sizes and porosities also exhibited highest interconnectivities and permeabilities. However, these scaffolds showed a heterogeneous pore structure and pore distribution. The distribution of 3T3 fibroblasts through scC02-foamed scaffolds and particulate scaffolds was investigated by MicroCT and MTT staining. Homogenous cell distributions and largest cell volumes were observed on scaffolds with homogenous pore structure and hence smallest pore sizes, porosities, interconnectivities and permeabilities. This study might enable the tailoring of scaffold interconnectivity and permeability by altering scaffold processing conditions. Further, this study might allow the investigation of a minimum interconnectivity that is required for cell migration and proliferation in to order to generate tissues such as bone and cartilage; as well as to promote vascularization.
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Hapa, Cankat. "Uncertainty In Well Test And Core Permeability Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610144/index.pdf.

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Reservoir permeability is one of the important parameters derived from well test analysis. Small-scale permeability measurements in wells are usually made using core plugs, or more recently, probe permeameter measurements. Upscaling of these measurements for comparisons with permeability derived well tests (Pressure Build-Up) can be completed by statistical averaging methods. Well Test permeability is often compared with one of the core plug averages: arithmetic, geometric and harmonic. A question that often arises is which average does the well test-derived permeability represent and over what region is this average valid? A second important question is how should the data sets be reconciled when there are discrepancies? In practice, the permeability derived from well tests is often assumed to be equivalent to the arithmetic (in a layered reservoir) or geometric (in a randomly distributed permeability field) average of the plug measures. These averages are known to be members of a more general power-average solution. This pragmatic approach (which may include an assumption on the near-well geology) is often flawed due to a number of reasons, which is tried to be explained in this study. The assessment of in-situ, reservoir permeability requires an understanding of both core (plug and probe) and well test measurements &
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in terms of their volume scale of investigation, measurement mechanism, interpretation and integration. Pressure build-up tests for 26 wells and core plug analysis for 32 wells have valid measured data to be evaluated. Core plug permeabilities are upscaled and compared with pressure build-up test derived permeabilities. The arithmetic, harmonic and geometric averages of core plug permeability data are found out for each facies and formation distribution. The reservoir permeability heterogeneities are evaluated in each step of upscaling procedure by computing coefficient of variation, The Dykstra-Parson&
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s Coefficient and Lorenz Coefficients. This study compared core and well test measurements in South East of Turkey heavy oil carbonate field. An evaluation of well test data and associated core plug data sets from a single field will be resulting from the interpretation of small (core) and reservoir (well test) scale permeability data. The techniques that were used are traditional volume averaging/homogenization methods with the contribution of determining permeability heterogeneities of facies at each step of upscaling procedure and manipulating the data which is not proper to be averaged (approximately normally distributed) with the combination of Lorenz Plot to identify the flowing intervals. As a result, geometrical average of upscaled core plug permeability data is found to be approximately equal to the well test derived permeability for the goodly interpreted well tests. Carbonates are very heterogeneous and this exercise will also be instructive in understanding the heterogeneity for the guidance of reservoir models in such a system.
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Philit, Sven. "Elaboration d'un modèle structural, pétrophysique et mécanique des failles en milieu gréseux poreux : implication pour la migration et le piégeage des fluides." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT090/document.

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La cataclase est un processus de déformation efficace en termes de réduction de porosité et de perméabilité dans les grès poreux, constituant des aquifères et réservoirs d’hydrocarbures classiques. Un enjeu majeur concernant la déformation dans les grès consiste à identifier les processus contrôlant l’évolution des structures cataclastiques et reconnaitre les paramètres influençant l’expression de la déformation à l’échelle microscopique et à l’échelle du bassin.Dans cette étude, nous nous concentrons sur l’analyse structurale des amas (« clusters ») de bande de déformation cataclastiques afin de considérer une déformation suffisamment localisée représentant un potentiel rôle de barrière sur les fluides. Nous choisissons sept sites d’étude présentant des clusters formés en tectonique extensive et contractive, dans différent régimes Andersoniens, à différentes profondeurs d’enfouissement, et dans des grès aux lithologies variées. Nous utilisons une approche analytique afin d’estimer l’évolution de l’état de contrainte des grès jusqu’à la déformation. L’utilisation de modèles numériques permet d’analyser l’influence de certains paramètres physiques sur la structuration de la déformation.Nous montrons que la position de l’enveloppe de rupture du grès (dépendant de sa lithologie) semble déterminer la morphologie de la déformation. D’autre part, les clusters formés en régimes Andersoniens normal, décrochant et inverse semblent respectivement couramment se former sur la même partie de l’enveloppe.Les clusters formés en régime normal montrent des épaisseurs fines à moyennes, des densités de bande importantes et forment, avec d’autres clusters, des réseaux d’échelle kilométrique souvent localisés à proximité d’une faille majeure. Ils représentent une barrière potentielle pour les fluides. Les clusters formés en régime décrochant ont des épaisseurs et des densités de band moyennes. Parce qu’ils semblent éparses, ces clusters ne forment probablement aucun frein pour les fluides. Les clusters formés en régime inverse ont des épaisseurs et des densités de bande moyennes si la rupture est atteinte sur la partie fragile de l’enveloppe. Ils semblent potentiellement plus épais avec des densités de bands faibles voire deviennent de simples réseaux de bandes distribuées si l’enveloppe de rupture est atteinte sur sa partie ductile. Parce qu’ils sont courts et éparses, ces clusters ne représentent pas de frein pour les fluides.Nous relions le développement des clusters et leur morphologie à l’agencement microscopique des clasts dans le matériel déformé. La faible compaction du matériel déformé des clusters créés en régimes normal et décrochant semble être à l’origine de l’étroite localisation des bandes à cause de la présence de plans de faiblesse dans le matériel déformé. Pour le même degré de déformation, la compaction plus élevée du matériel en régime inverse favoriserait la distribution des bandes.Le passage à la faille tel qu’observé dans les clusters en régime normal est permis par la présence entre les grès de niveaux incluant des minéraux fragiles. Ces niveaux permettent l’initiation et la propagation d’une surface de glissement majeure dans les grès adjacents. L’initiation d’une faille est aussi favorisée lorsque des grès poreux sont juxtaposés contre une lithologie indurée.Notre étude montre que la cimentation de quartz des parties les plus déformées des clusters est fréquente, même dans le cas de clusters ayant été enfouis à des profondeurs inférieures à 800 m. Cette cimentation est catalysée par l’intense degré de cataclase, semble être précipitée par « self-healing » et altère les propriétés pétrophysiques des clusters
Deformation through cataclasis, which corresponds to grain crushing, is an effective process of porosity and permeability reduction in porous sandstones, classical aquifers and hydrocarbon reservoirs at depth. A major stake concerning the deformation in sandstone is to understand what processes govern the growth of the cataclastic structures and to recognize what parameters influence the expression of the deformation at microscopic scale and at basin scale.In this study, we focus on the analysis of cataclastic deformation band clusters in order to consider a significantly concentrated deformation regarding the potential of fluid flow baffling. We select seven study sites presenting clusters formed in extensional and contractional tectonics, under different Andersonian regimes, at various burial depths and in sandstones of varying lithologies. To complement the structural analysis, we use an analytical approach to estimate the stress-state evolution of the sandstones leading to deformation. Numerical modeling allows the analysis of the influence of physical parameters on the structuring of the deformation.We show that the position of failure along the failure envelope of the sandstone (which depends on its lithology) seems to determine the morphology of deformation. On the other hand, normal, strike-slip and thrust Andersonian regime clusters respectively seem to form frequently on the same part of the envelope.Normal regime clusters (favorably formed in extensional tectonics) have thin to medium thickness, with high band density and form, with other clusters, networks of km-scale length - often localized near a major fault. They are likely to baffle fluid flow. Strike-slip regime clusters (favorably formed in contractional tectonics) have medium thickness with medium band densities. Due to their sparseness, they seem unlikely to form a baffle for fluids. Thrust regime clusters (favorably formed in contractional tectonics) have medium thickness and medium band density if failure is attained on the brittle part of the envelope. They seem potentially thicker, with low band density and tend to form arrays of deformation bands if failure is attained on the cap of the envelope. Because they are short and sparse, they do not represent an effective baffle for fluid flow.We relate the process of cluster growth and their resulting morphology to the microscopic arrangement of the clasts in the deformed material. The minor compaction in the deformed material of normal and strike-slip regime clusters seems to be at the origin of the dense localization of the bands through the presence of weaker planes in the deformed material. For the same degree of deformation, the more compacted material in thrust regime clusters would favor the distribution of the bands.Faulting of normal regime clusters is enhanced by the presence of layers including weak minerals between the sandstones. These weak layers are responsible for the initiation and propagation of major slip-surfaces in the adjacent sandstone from small displacements. The initiation of major slip-surfaces is also favored when porous sandstone is juxtaposed with a hard lithology.We find that the quartz cementation of the most deformed parts of the clusters is common, even in clusters that were never buried below 800 m. This cementation is promoted by an intense degree of cataclasis, seems to form by “self-healing”, and may reduce the petrophysical properties of clusters
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Barker, Helen Claire. "Antimicrobial peptides derived from the human bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) : structural determinants and mechanism of action." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241788.

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Elwood, James Andrew. "Enriching Structural Models of L2 Willingness to Communicate: The Role of Personality, Ego Permeability, and Perceived Distance." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/134212.

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CITE/Language Arts
Ph.D.
Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2) is crucial to the development of communicative speaking skills. This study is a cross-sectional investigation of the role in models of second language (L2) willingness to communicate of three personality variables hitherto underresearched in the L2 field: extroversion, ego permeability (one's capacity to tolerate ambiguity), and perceived distance from one's core persona. A sample of 252 Japanese university students responded to a set of instruments used to measure individual difference variables and personality variables; the instruments were drawn from the fields of L2 acquisition and psychology as well as a 5-item instrument designed to measure perceived distance in a series of participatory L2 speaking activities. Confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized to validate the respective instruments. The International Posture instrument was best represented by a two-factor configuration consisting of Intergroup Approach-Avoidance Tendency and Intercultural Friendship Orientation, while the L2 Communicative Confidence was altered to consist of three factors (L2 Anxiety, Perceived L2 Communicative Competence, and Extroversion). The hypothesized additions of Ego Permeability and Perceived Distance failed to improve the measurement models, and the original Ego Permeability variable functioned poorly in this context. The MacIntyre and Charos (1996) model had marginal fit to the data even after undergoing considerable respecification. The models of Yashima (2002) and Yashima, Zenuk-Nishide, and Shimizu (2004) were found to have good fit as originally conceptualized, but the addition of Extroversion and paths from International Posture and L2 Communicative Anxiety improved the fit of both models. Collectively, the results indicate that extroversion plays an important role in models of L2 WTC and that the basic models of Yashima and colleagues are robust. These findings provide crucial insights into the process of L2 WTC, an important factor in the students' acquisition of communicative competence.
Temple University--Theses
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Angus, Barbara Lee. "Structural and functional studies on the role of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in resistance and permeability to antibiotics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26767.

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The intrinsic antibiotic resistance of aeruginosa was examined using an antibiotic hypersusceptible mutant strain. This multiple mutant (M1) was characterised with respect to antibiotic susceptibility, outer membrane permeability and outer membrane structure. It was found to be hypersusceptible to all antibiotics tested. Two spontaneous revertants of the mutant strain were isolated (P1-4 and P1-6), using carbenicillin or gentamicin as the selective agent, and characterised, revealing that these had recovered partial resistance to all antibiotics. Two other strains, for which two genetic loci (apparently responsible for antibiotic hypersusceptibility in the mutant M1) had been separately conjugated into a strain with a wild type genetic background, were also characterised. One of these transconjugants (P2-6) was found to be partially hypersusceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, whereas the other (P2-8) was partially hypersusceptible to B-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics but not to the hydrophobic agent, trimethoprim. Outer membrane permeability of the above strains was characterised by three different methods. Using an assay involving periplasmic beta-lactamase, the mutant strain M1 was found to be five-fold more permeable to the chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin than its wild type parent WT1. In addition, mutant M1 was much more permeable to the hydrophobic fluorescent compound 1-N-phenyl-N-naphthylamine than was wild type strain WT1. In contrast, mutant strain M1 was less susceptible to permeabilisation of the outer membrane to lysozyme by aminoglycoside antibiotics or ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Partially resistant mutants were used to confirm and clarify these results. It was concluded from these data that the mutations responsible for antibiotic susceptibility in the mutant were acting upon one or more of the outer membrane constituents, protein and lipopolysaccharide. Characterisation of outer membrane proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed no observable differences between outer membrane proteins of the wild type and mutant strains. Further examination showed that the lipopolysaccharide in the mutant strain M1 was altered with respect to its composition, mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and in its Mg++-binding properties. From these data, it appeared that at least three separate mutations existed in the mutant which contributed to antibiotic susceptibility. Two of these mutations were responsible for separate alterations to lipopolysaccharide, while the third mutation could not be characterised. It was proposed that the chief alteration leading to antibiotic susceptibility in strain M1 involved partial loss of an outer membrane-stabilising, Mg++-binding site on lipopolysaccharide. In another portion of the study, native oligomers of three P. aeruginosa outer membrane proteins and one E. coli porin were demonstrated using a chemical crosslinking technique. P. aeruginosa protein F, the major constitutive outer membrane porin, was crosslinked to dimers in outer membranes and whole cell crosslinking experiments. Purified preparations of P. aeruginosa proteins F, P (phosphate starvation-induced) and coli protein PhoE (Ic) were also crosslinked to reveal dimers and trimers upon two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. Crosslinking of protein F was abolished by pretreatment of the protein with SDS, indicating that the crosslinked products were due to native associations in the outer membrane.
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Books on the topic "Structural permeability"

1

Zohrabi, M. The permeability of structural backfills. Crowthorne: TRL Limited, 2001.

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Bamforth, P. B. The structural permeability of concrete at cryogenic temperatures. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, 1987.

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Skalny, Jan, and L. R. Roberts. Pore structure and permeability of cementitious materials. Edited by Roberts L. R, Skalny Jan, Materials Research Society, and Symposium on the "Pore Structure and Permeability of Cementitious Materials (1988 : Boston, Mass.). Pittsburgh, Pa: Materials Research Society, 1989.

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Mertz, Jean-Didier. Structures de porosité et propriétés de transport dans les grès. Strasbourg: Institut de géologie, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 1991.

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Pore structure of cement-based materials: Testing, interpretation and requirements. London: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Avdeef, Alex. Absorption and drug development: Solubility, permeability, and charge state. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Absorption and drug development: Solutility, permeability, and charge state. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley, 2003.

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Bajkowski, Sławomir. Warunki przepływu wody przez budowle przepuszczalne: Water flow conditions through permeable structures. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo SGGW, 2013.

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International Symposium on Suction, Swelling, Permeability and Structure of Clays (2001 Shizuoka-shi, Japan). Clay science for engineering: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Suction, Swelling, Permeability and Structure of Clays, Is-Shizuoka 2001, Shizuoka, Japan, 11-13 January 2001. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 2001.

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Annual book of ASTM standards: Petroleum products, lubricants, and fossil fuels. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structural permeability"

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Shakir, R. R. "Quantity of Flow through a Typical Dam of Anisotropic Permeability." In Computational Structural Engineering, 1301–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2822-8_147.

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Silberberg, A. "Gel Structural Heterogeneity, Gel Permeability, and Mechanical Response." In Polyelectrolyte Gels, 146–58. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0480.ch009.

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Laporte, Didier, Cédric Rapaille, and Ariel Provost. "Wetting Angles, Equilibrium Melt Geometry, and the Permeability Threshold of Partially Molten Crustal Protoliths." In Petrology and Structural Geology, 31–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1717-5_3.

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Ghanem, Hassan, Ayman Trad, Mohamed Dandachy, and Adel ElKordi. "Effect of Wet-Mat Curing Time on Chloride Permeability of Concrete Bridge Decks." In Advances and Challenges in Structural Engineering, 194–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01932-7_16.

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Yoshida, Ryo, Kazuhide Saito, and Chiaki Yoshizawa. "Verification of Mechanism on Improvement of Drying Shrinkage or Air Permeability on Concrete Using Blast Furnace Slag Sand Based on Pore Structure." In Advances and Challenges in Structural Engineering, 180–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01932-7_15.

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Dittmann, J., P. Seif, and P. Middendorf. "Numerical permeability prediction of multiscale textile architectures with varying contact angle and surface tension." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 113–14. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-.

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Dittmann, J., P. Seif, and P. Middendorf. "Numerical permeability prediction of multiscale textile architectures with varying contact angle and surface tension." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 329–32. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-53.

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Parnas, Richard S. "Preform permeability." In Resin Transfer Moulding for Aerospace Structures, 177–224. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4437-7_7.

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Agostini, Franck. "Gas Permeability." In Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures, 67–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_9.

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Torrent, Roberto J., Rui D. Neves, and Kei-ichi Imamoto. "Durability performance of concrete structures." In Concrete Permeability and Durability Performance, 1–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429505652-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structural permeability"

1

Bailey*, Adam, Rosalind C. King, Simon Holford, Joshua Sage, Guillaume Backè, and Martin Hand. "The Australian Structural Permeability Map." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2212374.

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Sriravindrarajah, Rasiah, Kaabi Jafar Mohammad, and Amandeep Singh. "Permeability And Drying Of Pervious Concrete Pavers." In The Seventh International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-5354-2_su-19-413.

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Yokozeki, Tomohiro, Takahira Aoki, and Takashi Ishikawa. "Gas Permeability of Microcracked Laminates Under Cryogenic Conditions." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1604.

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Bechel, Vernon. "Permeability and Damage in Unloaded Cryogenically Cycled PMCs." In 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-2156.

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"Influence of Compressive Stress on the Permeability of Concrete." In SP-136: Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Performance. American Concrete Institute, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/4269.

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DU, TAO, KE-YE YAN, SHENG-YING ZHAO, and HUI LI. "Effect of Polymer-based Self-healing Agent on the Gas Permeability of Cement Mortar After Compressive Loading." In Structural Health Monitoring 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2017/14070.

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Grenoble, Ray, and Thomas Gates. "Hydrogen Permeability of Polymer Matrix Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures." In 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-2086.

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Amro, Nabil A., Lakshmi P. Kotra, Kapila Wadu-Mesthrige, Alexy Bulychev, Shahriar Mobashery, and Gang-yu Liu. "Structural basis of the Escherichi coli outer-membrane permeability." In BiOS '99 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Eiichi Tamiya and Shuming Nie. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.350625.

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Espejel, R. Loza, and T. M. Alves. "Structural and Depositional Features Controlling Permeability on Carbonate Platforms." In 82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202010370.

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Robinson, Michael, Jeffrey Eichinger, and Scott Johnson. "Hydrogen Permeability Requirements and Testing for Reusable Launch Vehicle Tanks." In 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-1418.

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Reports on the topic "Structural permeability"

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Wannamaker, Philip E. Structural controls, alteration, permeability and thermal regime of Dixie Valley from new-generation MT/galvanic array profiling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920085.

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Deb, Robin, Paramita Mondal, and Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi. Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability—Materials Solution (Phase III). Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-023.

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Type K cement offers a lower slump than conventional concrete, even at a higher water-to-cement ratio. Therefore, a suitable chemical admixture should be added to the Type K concrete mix design at a feasible dosage to achieve and retain target slump. In this project, a compatibility study was performed for Type K concrete with commercially available water-reducing and air-entraining admixtures. Slump and air content losses were measured over a period of 60 minutes after mixing and a particular mid-range water-reducing admixture was found to retain slump effectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in admixture interaction between conventional and Type K concrete was observed. Another concern regarding the use of Type K concrete is that its higher water-to-cement ratio can potentially lead to higher permeability and durability issues. This study also explored the effectiveness of presoaked lightweight aggregates in providing extra water for Type K hydration without increasing the water-to-cement ratio. Permeability of concrete was measured to validate that the use of presoaked lightweight aggregates can lower water adsorption in Type K concrete, enhancing its durability. Extensive data analysis was performed to link the small-scale material test results with a structural test performed at Saint Louis University. A consistent relation was established in most cases, validating the effectiveness of both testing methods in understanding the performance of proposed shrinkage-mitigation strategies. Stress analysis was performed to rank the mitigation strategies. Type K incorporation is reported to be the most effective method for shrinkage-related crack mitigation among the mixes tested in this study. The second-best choice is the use of Type K in combination with either presoaked lightweight aggregates or shrinkage-reducing admixtures. All mitigation strategies tested in this work were proved to be significantly better than using no mitigation strategy.
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Katsube, T. J. Shale permeability and pore-structure evolution characteristics. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211622.

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Zhu, Wenlu, and J. Brian Evans. Collaborative Research: Evolution of Pore Structure and Permeability of Rocks Under Hydrothermal Conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965902.

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Evans, Brian, and Yves Bernabe. EVOLUTION OF PORE STRUCTURE AND PERMEABILITY OF ROCKS UNDER HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1515828.

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Prothro, Lance B., Sigmund L. Drellack, Dawn N. Haugstad, Heather E. Huckins-Gang, and Margaret J. Townsend. Observations on Faults and Associated Permeability Structures in Hydrogeologic Units at the Nevada Test Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/951600.

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Fisher, Andrew T., and Keir Becker. The Influence of a Bathymetry, Sediment Thickness, and Permeability Structure on Off-Axis Energy and Mass Fluxes,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299628.

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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Fallik, Elazar, Robert Joly, Ilan Paran, and Matthew A. Jenks. Study of the Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Factors Associated with Postharvest Water Loss in Pepper Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593392.bard.

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The fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) commonly wilts (or shrivels) during postharvest storage due to rapid water loss, a condition that greatly reduces its shelf life and market value. The fact that pepper fruit are hollow, and thus have limited water content, only exacerbates this problem in pepper. The collaborators on this project completed research whose findings provided new insight into the genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis for water loss from the fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum and related Capsicum species). Well-defined genetic populations of pepper were used in this study, the first being a series of backcross F₁ and segregating F₂, F₃, and F₄ populations derived from two original parents selected for having dramatic differences in fruit water loss rate (very high and very low water loss). The secondly population utilized in these studies was a collection of 50 accessions representing world diversity in both species and cultivar types. We found that an unexpectedly large amount of variation was present in both fruit wax and cutin composition in these collections. In addition, our studies revealed significant correlations between the chemical composition of both the fruit cuticular waxes and cutin monomers with fruit water loss rate. Among the most significant were that high alkane content in fruit waxes conferred low fruit water loss rates and low permeability in fruit cuticles. In contrast, high amounts of terpenoids (plus steroidal compounds) were associated with very high fruit water loss and cuticle permeability. These results are consistent with our models that the simple straight chain alkanes pack closely together in the cuticle membrane and obstruct water diffusion, whereas lipids with more complex 3-dimensional structure (such as terpenoids) do not pack so closely, and thus increase the diffusion pathways. The backcross segregating populations were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with water loss (using DART markers, Diversity Arrays Technology LTD). These studies resulted in identification of two linked QTLs on pepper’s chromosome 10. Although the exact genetic or physiological basis for these QTLs function in water loss is unknown, the genotypic contribution in studies of near-isogenic lines selected from these backcross populations reveals a strong association between certain wax compounds, the free fatty acids and iso-alkanes. There was also a lesser association between the water loss QTLs with both fruit firmness and total soluble sugars. Results of these analyses have revealed especially strong genetic linkages between fruit water loss, cuticle composition, and two QTLs on chromosome 10. These findings lead us to further speculate that genes located at or near these QTLs have a strong influence on cuticle lipids that impact water loss rate (and possibly, whether directly or indirectly, other traits like fruit firmness and sugar content). The QTL markers identified in these studies will be valuable in the breeding programs of scientists seeking to select for low water loss, long lasting fruits, of pepper, and likely the fruits of related commodities. Further work with these newly developed genetic resources should ultimately lead to the discovery of the genes controlling these fruit characteristics, allowing for the use of transgenic breeding approaches toward the improvement of fruit postharvest shelf life.
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Russo, David, Daniel M. Tartakovsky, and Shlomo P. Neuman. Development of Predictive Tools for Contaminant Transport through Variably-Saturated Heterogeneous Composite Porous Formations. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592658.bard.

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The vadose (unsaturated) zone forms a major hydrologic link between the ground surface and underlying aquifers. To understand properly its role in protecting groundwater from near surface sources of contamination, one must be able to analyze quantitatively water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated subsurface environments that are highly heterogeneous, often consisting of multiple geologic units and/or high and/or low permeability inclusions. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) to develop efficient and accurate tools for probabilistic delineation of dominant geologic features comprising the vadose zone; (ii) to develop a complementary set of data analysis tools for discerning the fractal properties of hydraulic and transport parameters of highly heterogeneous vadose zone; (iii) to develop and test the associated computational methods for probabilistic analysis of flow and transport in highly heterogeneous subsurface environments; and (iv) to apply the computational framework to design an “optimal” observation network for monitoring and forecasting the fate and migration of contaminant plumes originating from agricultural activities. During the course of the project, we modified the third objective to include additional computational method, based on the notion that the heterogeneous formation can be considered as a mixture of populations of differing spatial structures. Regarding uncertainly analysis, going beyond approaches based on mean and variance of system states, we succeeded to develop probability density function (PDF) solutions enabling one to evaluate probabilities of rare events, required for probabilistic risk assessment. In addition, we developed reduced complexity models for the probabilistic forecasting of infiltration rates in heterogeneous soils during surface runoff and/or flooding events Regarding flow and transport in variably saturated, spatially heterogeneous formations associated with fine- and coarse-textured embedded soils (FTES- and CTES-formations, respectively).We succeeded to develop first-order and numerical frameworks for flow and transport in three-dimensional (3-D), variably saturated, bimodal, heterogeneous formations, with single and dual porosity, respectively. Regarding the sampling problem defined as, how many sampling points are needed, and where to locate them spatially in the horizontal x₂x₃ plane of the field. Based on our computational framework, we succeeded to develop and demonstrate a methdology that might improve considerably our ability to describe quntitaively the response of complicated 3-D flow systems. The results of the project are of theoretical and practical importance; they provided a rigorous framework to modeling water flow and solute transport in a realistic, highly heterogeneous, composite flow system with uncertain properties under-specified by data. Specifically, they: (i) enhanced fundamental understanding of the basic mechanisms of field-scale flow and transport in near-surface geological formations under realistic flow scenarios, (ii) provided a means to assess the ability of existing flow and transport models to handle realistic flow conditions, and (iii) provided a means to assess quantitatively the threats posed to groundwater by contamination from agricultural sources.
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