Academic literature on the topic 'Structural New Zealand'
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Journal articles on the topic "Structural New Zealand"
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Hewitt, A. E., and T. G. Shepherd. "Structural vulnerability of New Zealand soils." Soil Research 35, no. 3 (1997): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96074.
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Some New Zealand soils withstand intensive cultivation and support continuing high production and yet maintain essential soil physical qualities of infiltration, aggregation, and aeration. In other soils, essential soil qualities deteriorate rapidly under the impact of even moderately intensive management practices. Our objective was to estimate the inherent susceptibility of New Zealand soils to physical degradation by focusing on structural vulnerability. We took a deductive approach by reviewing the available information on the structural stability and physical degradation of New Zealand soils. We identified 4 soil attributes that are well represented in the national soils database and are most likely to control structural vulnerability: (i) stabilising short-range-order oxy-hydroxides of aluminium and iron as estimated by phosphate retention, (ii) total organic carbon content, (iii) clay content, and (iv) wetness. The 4 attributes were standardised and transformed and a simple structural vulnerability index (SV) was devised. We determined SV for all mineral soils in the national soils database. The results provide a ranking of soil groups according to their structural vulnerability. We concluded that the index may be used as a first approximation rating of the structural vulnerability of New Zealand soils to aid resource management.
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Hoverd, William. "The Changing New Zealand National Security Environment: New Threats, New Structures, and New Research." National Security Journal 1, no. 1 (October 2019): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36878/nsj201901.17.
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This article is intended to supply readers of this new journal an updated broad contextual understanding of the recent changes to the New Zealand national security context. The international and domestic contexts in which New Zealand’s national security are researched and operationalised have changed significantly since 2017. This article will review three areas of interest for the study of national security. It will discuss 1) the evolving national security context both global and local, 2) the changes to the New Zealand national security system, and 3) it will review recent New Zealand national security research. The article highlights a national security system and a corresponding field of study that in addition to all the business as usual, will increasingly be focused on continuing structural reform and the threats posed by terrorism, cybersecurity, biosecurity and climate change. The article notes that while the national security context has changed significantly since 2017, the related field of research has evolved much more slowly. It concludes by arguing that an important function of this new journal will be to start to address this disjunction.
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Le Heron, R. "The Internationalisation of New Zealand Forestry Companies and the Social Reappraisal of New Zealand's Exotic Forest Resource." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 4 (April 1988): 489–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200489.
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Industrial geographers are beginning to address country-specific changes in the wider setting of restructuring in the world economy. Developments in the New Zealand forestry sector are conceptualised as historically specific responses to structural processes, operating at global, national, and local scales. In this paper the changing state—economy relations associated with afforestation of exotic softwoods in New Zealand are examined, and forest utilisation issues are outlined. The emerging possibilities for the coordination of forestry production in New Zealand are also identified. Evidence is presented on the nature and degree of integration of ‘New Zealand’ private and state capital into the wood-fibre markets of the Pacific Rim. It is concluded that unprecedented restructuring in the 1980s by organisations, both private and public, engaged in New Zealand's forestry production has made the realisation of forest assets in New Zealand difficult, with significant implications for owners of forests and for labour dependent on various facets of exotic forestry.
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Simmons, Scott W., Stephen Jacobs, and Ann McKillop. "Developing clinical leadership in New Zealand hospice staff nurses." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 26, no. 5 (June 2, 2020): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2020.26.5.200.
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Background: Staff nurse clinical leadership is a relatively new concept that includes the elements of collaboration, coordination, patient advocacy, and often quite autonomous decision-making required of palliative care nurses. Staff nurses need structural and psychological empowerment to develop as clinical leaders. Aims: The aim of this study was to establish baseline data regarding the self-perceived structural and psychological empowerment experienced by New Zealand hospice staff nurses and their ability to practise as clinical leaders. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used, which included questionnaires measuring structural and psychological empowerment and clinical leadership behaviours and focus group discussions. Findings: Survey respondents reported that they were moderately psychologically and sometimes or rarely structurally empowered and felt that they can practise as clinical leaders most of the time. Two themes were identified from the focus groups. Conclusion: New Zealand staff hospice nurses felt that—despite feeling only moderately psychologically empowered, and only sometimes or rarely structurally empowered—they practise as clinical leaders most of the time.
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Samarasinghe, Don Amila Sajeevan, and Stephanie Falk. "Promoting Earth Buildings for Residential Construction in New Zealand." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091403.
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The construction of earth buildings, both throughout history and in the current day, is well-established worldwide. Despite New Zealand’s pre- and post-colonial history of earth construction, earth buildings as residential homes have not been well-received or popularised throughout present-day New Zealand. This research aims to identify the reasons for this lack of awareness and to determine methods that promote earth buildings in New Zealand. This research is based on data collected from semi-structured interviews conducted with subject matter experts and via an online questionnaire completed by members of the Earth Building Association New Zealand (EBANZ). The data collected revealed the experiences and perceptions of all participants regarding the advantages, challenges and promotion of earth buildings specific to New Zealand. Following analysis of these responses, key reoccurring themes were identified and compared. Regarding New Zealand’s lack of awareness of earth buildings, interview and questionnaire participants responded that this shortcoming was due to earth construction being a very niche market and lacking commercial marketing. Education was the most frequently reoccurring theme raised by all participants as the top promotional tool for raising awareness of earth buildings. The results of this research can be applied to future work regarding obstacles that limit the growth of New Zealand’s earth building industry, as well as research on the role of New Zealand’s education system in exposing the next generation of builders, designers, and consumers to earth construction.
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Elkin, Graham. "New Zealand Human Capital Development and Structural Reform." International Journal of Training and Development 2, no. 1 (March 1998): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2419.00034.
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Russell, Alistair P., and Jason M. Ingham. "Prevalence of New Zealand’s unreinforced masonry buildings." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.43.3.182-201.
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Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings remain New Zealand's most earthquake prone class of building. New Zealand URM buildings are classified into typologies, based on their general structural configuration. Seven typologies are presented, and their relative prevalence, age and locations are identified.
There are estimated to be 3,750 URM buildings in existence in New Zealand, with 1,300 (35%) being estimated to be potentially earthquake prone and 2010 (52%) to be potentially earthquake risk, using the NZSEE Initial Evaluation Procedure. Trends in the age of these buildings show that construction activity increased from the early days of European settlement and reached a peak at about 1930, before subsequently declining sharply. The preponderance of the existing URM building stock was constructed prior to 1940, and as such, almost all URM buildings in New Zealand are between 80 and 130 years old (in 2010). Overall the URM building stock has a 2010 market value of approximately $NZ1.5 billion, and constitutes approximately 8% of the total building stock in terms of floor area.
Details are also provided regarding the development of New Zealand building codes and the associated provisions for assessing existing earthquake risk buildings, and provides some background to the history of the URM building stock in New Zealand.
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Smith, Warwick D. "New Zealand earthquakes in 1989." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 23, no. 2 (June 30, 1990): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.23.2.97-101.
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During 1989 the Seismological Observatory recorded and analysed 9892 earthquakes in the New Zealand region. Preliminary locations and magnitudes are now available for all these events. This is about five times the number usually analysed in previous years, thanks to the new digital recording equipment which is being installed throughout the country.
No earthquakes reached magnitude 6 during the year, although one of magnitude 5.9 in Fiordland was close to that figure. This caused intensity MM VI throughout Fiordland, and lower intensities elsewhere in the southern half of the South Island. Earthquakes of magnitude 5 and greater are listed: they indicate an ongoing level of activity commensurate with New Zealand's seismic history and geographic location.
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Editor. "Significant New Zealand earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 4 (December 31, 1997): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.30.4.371-372.
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Editor. "Significant New Zealand earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.31.1.69-70.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural New Zealand"
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Pomeroy, A. "A sociological analysis of structural change in pastoral farming in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374723.
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Down, Taylor Nicholson. "Structural-stratigraphic reconstruction of the lower Whakataki formation, north island, New Zealand." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94176/1/Taylor_Down_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis details a Miocene aged sedimentary rock formation located in north island New Zealand. Mapping, stratigraphic logging and petrographic analysis of the rock formation ascertained that it was deposited in a deep-marine, tectonically active region. The work details the make-up of the sedimentary rocks using geochemistry and microscopy to define their origin. This definition was used to interpret the depositional model of the sediments detailing how they were transported and how they were emplaced.
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Blatchford, Hannah Jane. "The Structural Evolution Of A Portion Of The Median Batholith And Its Host Rock In Central Fiordland, New Zealand: Examples Of Partitioned Transpression And Structural Reactivation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/635.
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This thesis presents the results of structural analyses and detailed field mapping from a region near Adams Burn in central Fiordland, New Zealand. The region preserves assemblages of metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks deposited, intruded, and ultimately metamorphosed and deformed during the growth of a Gondwana-margin continental arc from Cambrian-Early Cretaceous. Evidence of arc growth is preserved in the Late Devonian-Early Cretaceous Median Batholith, a belt of intrusive rock whose growth culminated with the emplacement of the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO) into the middle-lower crust of the margin. Following this magmatic flare-up, the margin experienced Late Cretaceous extensional orogenic collapse and rifting. During the Late Tertiary, the margin records oblique convergence that preceded the Alpine fault. The history of arc growth and record of changing tectonic and deformational regimes makes the area ideal for study of structural reactivation during multiple cycles of magmatism, metamorphism and deformation, including during a mid-lower crust magma flare-up.
Structural and lithologic mapping, structural analyses, and cross-cutting relationships between superposed structures and three intrusions were used to bracket the relative timing of four tectonic events (D1-D4), spanning the Paleozoic to the Tertiary. The oldest event (D1) created a composite fabric in the metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of the Irene Complex and Jaquiery granitoid gneiss prior to emplacement of the Carboniferous Cozette pluton. S1 foliation development, set the stage for structural reactivation during the second phase of deformation (D2), where S1 was folded and reactivated via intra-arc shearing. These second-phase structures were coeval with the emplacement of the Misty pluton, (part of WFO in central Fiordland), and record crustal thickening and deformation involving a kinematically partitioned style of transpression. Arc-normal displacements were localized into the rocks of the Irene Complex. Oblique displacements were localized along the Misty-Cozette plutonic contact, forming a ≥1 km-wide, upper amphibolite-facies gneissic shear zone that records sinistral-reverse offset. Second-phase structures are cross-cut by widespread leucocratic pegmatite dikes. S2 in the Cozette and Misty plutons is reactivated by localized, ≤10 m-thick, greenschist-facies (ultra)mylonitic shear zones that record sinistral-normal offsets. S3/L3 shear zones and lithologic contacts were then reactivated by two episodes of Tertiary, fourth-phase faulting compatible with Alpine faulting, everywhere truncating the pegmatite dikes. Early faults accommodated shortening normal to the Alpine fault, and were obliquely reactivated by a younger population of faults during dextral transpression.
My results show that structural reactivation occurred repeatedly after D1, and that structural inheritance played a key role in the geometry, distribution, and kinematics of younger deformation events throughout the arc's history. The sheeted emplacement of the Misty pluton was accompanied, and possibly facilitated, by a system of partitioned transpression during Early Cretaceous crustal thickening and arc magmatism. These results show that transpression helped accommodate and move magma through the middle and lower crust during the flare-up. This conclusion is important for the study of continental arcs globally, as evidence of deformation during high-flux magmatism at lower crustal depths (~40 km) is rarely preserved and exhumed to the surface.
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Scott, John G., and n/a. "Structural controls on gold - quartz vein mineralisation in the Otago schist, New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070412.160816.
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Hydrothermal fluid flow is spatially and genetically associated with deformation in the earth�s crust. In the Otago Schist, New Zealand, the circulation of hydrothermal fluids in the Cretaceous formed numerous mesothermal gold-quartz vein deposits. Otago schist rocks are largely L-S tectonites in which the penetrative fabric is the product of more than one deformation phase/transposition cycle. Regional correlation of deformation events allowed mineralised deposits to be related to the structural evolution of the Otago Schist. Compilation of a detailed tectonostratigraphy of New Zealand basement rocks reveals that extensional mineralisation correlates with the onset of localised terrestrial fanglomerate deposition, thermal perturbation and granitic intrusion that mark the beginning of New Zealand rifting from the Antarctic portion of Gondwana.
Laminated and breccia textures in mineralised veins suggest that host structures have experienced repeated episodes of incremental slip and hydrothermal fluid flow. However, analysis of vein orientation data in terms of fault reactivation theory (Amontons Law) shows that most deposits contain veins that are unfavourably oriented for frictional reactivation. Repeated movement on unfavourably oriented structures may involve dynamic processes of strain refraction due to competency contrasts, the effect of anisotropy in the schist, or localised stress field rotation.
Deposits have been classified on the basis of host structure kinematics at the time of mineralisation into low angle thrust faults, and high angle extensional fault - fracture arrays. Low angle deposits have a mapped internal geometry that is very different from conventional imbricate thrust systems. This study applied ⁴⁰Ar/�⁹Ar geochronology to selected deposits and has identified at least three distinct mineralisation events have occurred within the central axial belt during the Cretaceous. Relationships between radiometric apparent age and inferred crustal depth reveal that after metamorphism, the onset of cooling and rapid exhumation of the schist belt coincides temporally and spatially with the age of mineralisation and structural position of a regional scale low angle shear zone in Otago.
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Daczko, Nathan Robert. "The Structural and Metamorphic evolution of cretaceous high-P granulites, Fiordland, New Zealand." University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/822.
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Fiordland is located southwest of South Island of New Zealand. The field area of this thesis is in northern Fiordland, at the boundary of pristine arc rocks (Median Tectonic Zone) and a belt of Paleozoic paragneisses and orthogneisses of variable age that represent the metamorphosed paleo-Pacific Gondwana margin.
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Schulte, Daniel. "Kinematics of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5459.
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The Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex developed in the Mid-Cretaceous due to continental extension conditioning the crust for the eventual breakup of the Gondwana Pacific Margin, which separated Australia and New Zealand. It has two detachment systems: the top-NE-displacing Ohika Detachment at the northern end of the complex and the top-SW-displacing Pike Detachment at the southern end of the complex. The structure is rather unusual for core complexes worldwide, which are commonly characterised by a single detachment system. Few suggestions for the kinematics of the core complex development have been made so far. In this study structural-, micrographic- and fission track analyses were applied to investigate the bivergent character and to constrain the kinematics of the core complex. The new results combined with reinterpretations of previous workers’ observations reveal a detailed sequence of the core complex exhumation and the subsequent development.
Knowledge about the influence and the timing of the two respective detachments is critical for understanding the structural evolution of the core complex. The syntectonic Buckland Granite plays a key role in the determination of the importance of the two detachment systems. Structural evidence shows that the Pike Detachment is responsible for most of the exhumation, while the Ohika Detachment is a mere complexity. In contrast to earlier opinions the southwestern normal fault system predates the northeastern one. The Buckland Pluton records the ceasing pervasive influence of the Pike Detachment, while activity on the Ohika Detachment had effect on the surface about ~8 Ma later.
Most fission track ages are not related to the core complex stage, but reflect the younger late Cretaceous history. They show post core complex burial and renewed exhumation in two phases, which are regionally linked to the development of the adjacent Paparoa Basin and the Paparoa Coal Measures to the southwest and to the inception of seafloor spreading in the Tasman Sea in a larger context.
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MacKenzie, Douglas James, and n/a. "Structural controls on orogenic gold mineralisation in the Otago Schist, New Zealand and the Klondike Schist, Canada." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080704.085108.
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Orogenic gold mineralisation in schist terranes with few or no contemporaneous igneous intrusions is poorly understood. It is proposed in this thesis that the structural evolution of such terranes controls the generation of hydrothermal fluid pathways and thus the location of orogenic mineral deposits. Gold mineralisation in the Otago Schist, New Zealand and the Klondike Schist, Canada occurred in the latter phases of greenschist facies metamorphism as well as after metamorphism during Paleozoic-Mesozoic exhumation. In Otago, gold mineralisation occurred at a number of different times and structural levels as the schist belt was exhumed and rocks were brought up through the brittle-ductile transition. In Klondike Schist, gold mineralisation occurred in relatively brittle rocks after a period of regional compression and crustal shortening caused by the stacking of thrust sheets. Gold mineralisation in both schist belts is not associated with any coeval igneous activity.
The earliest stage of gold mineralisation in the Otago Schist occurred in the Jurassic when mineralising fluids were progressively focussed into late metamorphic ductile shear zones such as the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone (HMSZ), east Otago and Rise and Shine Shear Zone (RSSZ), central Otago. Both of these gold-bearing mineralised zones occur along mappable structural discontinuities or boundaries that separate structurally, metamorphically and lithologically distinct blocks. The HMSZ occurs in the hangingwall of an underlying low angle normal fault that juxtaposes mineralised lower greenschist facies rocks on to unmineralised upper greenschist facies rock. The RSSZ occurs in the footwall of an overlying low angle normal fault that juxtaposes unmineralised lower greenschist facies rocks on to mineralised upper greenschist facies rock. The two shear zones did not form as part of a single homogeneous structure. There are several other prospective late metamorphic boundaries that are different from later brittle faults that disrupt the schist. Late metamorphic gold mineralisation is characterised by both ductile and brittle structures, foliation-parallel shears, disseminated gold with sulphides in deformed schist and minor steeply dipping extensional veins. This style of mineralisation is the most prospective but can be subtle in areas without quartz veins. Hydrothermally altered rocks are enriched in gold, arsenic, tungsten and sulphur with minor enrichment of bismuth, antimony, mercury and molybdenum. Disseminated mineralisation in the HMSZ is associated with hydrothermal graphite however there is no hydrothermal graphite in the RSSZ.
The next stage of gold mineralisation occurred in the Cretaceous during post-metamorphic exhumation of the schist belt and is characterised by steeply dipping, fault-controlled quartz veins, silicified breccias and negligible wall rock alteration. Most post-metamorphic veins strike northwest such as the ~25 km long Taieri river gold vein swarm, but there are other stibnite and gold mineralised structures that strike northeast (e.g., Manuherikia Fault system) and east-west (e.g., Old Man Range vein systems). The latest recognised stage of gold mineralisation is controlled by structures related to the initiation of the Alpine Fault in the Miocene and is characterised by steeply dipping quartz veins with abundant ankeritic carbonate in veins and ankeritic carbonate with gold in altered rocks. Hydrothermally altered rocks are enriched in arsenic, carbon dioxide and sulphur with minor enrichment of antimony. Gold-bearing veins at Bullendale, central Otago are of this type and are associated with a broad alteration zone.
Gold-silver and gold-silver-mercury alloys occur in both Caples and Torlesse Terranes of the Otago Schist. Almost all mercury-bearing gold occurs in east Otago vein systems and mercury-free gold occurs in central and northwest Otago veins, irrespective of host terrane. There is no relationship between depth of vein emplacement and mercury content of gold.
The Klondike Schist was emplaced as a series of stacked thrust slices in the Jurassic and thrust-related fabrics are preserved in all thrust slices. Strongly deformed carbonaceous schist horizons are spatially associated with thrust faults and graphite within these units is concentrated along spaced cleavage surfaces. Kink folding is best developed in the uppermost slices of Klondike Schist and overprints thrust-related fabrics. Gold-bearing veins formed in extension fractures controlled principally by pre-existing weaknesses such as kink fold axial surfaces. Normal faults correlated with a period of Late Cretaceous regional extension crosscut kink folds and offset gold mineralised veins. The main stage of mineralisation occurred after major regional compression and thrust stacking and before Cretaceous normal faulting. Gold-bearing veins are widely dispersed throughout the uppermost slices of Klondike Schist and are considered to be a sufficient source for Klondike gold placer deposits.
Disseminated gold with pyrite is associated with gold-bearing veins in some Klondike Schist and this disseminated mineralisation expands the exploration target for these veins. Disseminated gold with pyrite, without quartz veins, occurs in some schist lithologies and is associated with chlorite alteration and weak silicification. The arsenic content of gold-mineralised Klondike Schist is much lower than mineralised Otago Schist and background concentrations of arsenic are much lower in Klondike Schist as well. No shear-related mineralisation has been discovered in Klondike Schist but due to its relatively poor exposure, this belt remains prospective for this style of mineralisation.
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Blakely, Tanya Jillaine. "Tree holes as habitat for aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates in mixed broadleaf-podocarp rainforest, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1698.
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Little is known about the spatial distribution and abundance of tree holes in New Zealand’s native forests, or the invertebrate communities that they support. I found that tree holes were common on five endemic tree species, belonging to the families Fagaceae and Podocarpaceae in the mixed broadleaf-podocarp rainforest of Orikaka Ecological Area, Buller District, New Zealand. However, tree holes were not uniformly distributed throughout the forest, with more holes found on the three podocarp species, Prumnopitys ferruginea, P. taxifolia and Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, than on Nothofagus fusca or N. menziesii. Nevertheless, Nothofagus fusca had the largest holes of any of the tree species sampled and larger trees generally had larger holes. Large, hole-bearing Nothofagus fusca trees support a specialist hole-dwelling vertebrate fauna in New Zealand and worldwide, tree holes provide habitat for a range of invertebrate species. Using specially-designed emergence traps, I collected invertebrates emerging from naturally-occurring dry tree holes and compared this assemblage with invertebrates inhabiting leaf litter on the forest floor and those dispersing aerially throughout the study area. At the higher taxonomic resolution (i.e., Order or Class), community composition within the tree holes was highly variable, and there was no strong distinction between invertebrates from tree holes, leaf litter or Malaise traps. Moreover, although some beetle species emerging from tree holes were found exclusively in tree holes, most of these were represented by a single individual. Consequently, only minor differences in species composition were detected between beetle assemblages from tree holes, leaf-litter and those aerially dispersing throughout the forest. In contrast, the aquatic invertebrate assemblage within water-filled tree holes was highly distinctive from that in ground-based freshwater ecosystems, with only six aquatic taxa in common between all freshwater habitats. Using experimental water-filled tree-hole microcosms, I found that species richness and community composition within these microcosms were primarily driven by resource concentration, although habitat quality (i.e., water chemistry parameters) was also an important determinant of the identity and composition of colonising species. Overall, my study has shown that tree holes are common in the study area, and are likely to be more abundant in New Zealand’s indigenous forests than previously thought. Moreover, these generally small, discrete forest ecosystems support a diverse array of terrestrial invertebrates as well as a distinctive aquatic invertebrate community that is primarily structured by organic matter resource availability. These findings not only represent an important advance in our knowledge of New Zealand’s freshwater invertebrate biodiversity, but also highlight the need for further investigation into these unique forest canopy habitats which may well be at risk from deforestation and land use change.
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Barnes, Philip M. "Structural styles and sedimentation at the southern termination of the Hikurangi subduction zone, offshore North Canterbury, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4702.
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In the northern region of South Island, New Zealand, a major tectonic transition occurs in the obliquely convergent Australia-Pacific plate boundary. The southern end of the Hikurangi subduction zone terminates against the Chatham Rise, a submerged continental plateau on the Pacific Plate, which is too buoyant to be subducted. Relative plate motion that is accommodated along the Hikurangi margin is transferred by a complex arrangement of faults, to a zone of transpressive, continental collision across the Southern Alps. A detailed study of offshore seismic-reflection profiles, sediment cores and bathymetry from the north Canterbury continental margin and north-western Chatham Rise reveals the complex interactions between late Cenozoic sedimentation and tectonics at the southern termination of the Hikurangi subduction zone.
The north Canterbury shelf and the NW Chatham Rise slope are separated by major submarine canyons that link the shelf with the 3000 m-deep Hikurangi Trough. The sedimentary succession beneath the shelf and slope attains a maximum thickness of about 2 km and is inferred to be underlain by Torlesse terrane basement of Mesozoic age. The late Cenozoic stratigraphy of both regions has been established by correlating unconformity-bounded sedimentary units between seismic-reflection profiles, sampling the units in cores from exposures at the seabed, and dating the sediments by foraminifera and nannoflora biostratigraphy. Tectonic structures have been mapped from seismic profiles and the stratigraphy has been used to constrain the structural and sedimentary evolution of each area. The north Canterbury shelf and the NW Chatham slope exhibit contrasting tectonic and sedimentation styles, which reflect differences in proximity to sediment sources, bathymetry, physical oceanography, sedimentation response to global climate cycles and relative sea-level changes, and different stresses imposed on the basement rocks within the plate-boundary zone.
Late Quaternary sedimentation patterns on the NW Chatham slope and in the southern Hikurangi Trough have been studied using 3.5 kHz echo-character mapping. The slope is dominated by current-controlled sedimentary processes, whereas turbidite processes characterise the adjacent part of the southern Hikurangi Trough. On the slope north of Mernoo Saddle (a 580 m-deep depression between the South Island shelf and the Chatham Rise) a 160 x 30 km zone of current erosion occurs between 700 m and 2300 m water depths. Within this region are several northeast trending channels, 5-20 km wide and up to 105 km long, scoured obliquely down-slope. These scours are inferred to have been formed by a northward flowing current of Antarctic Intermediate Water passing through the Mernoo Saddle, then braiding as it cascaded down and across the mid-slope before merging again further east into a contour current on the unstable lower slope of the northern Chatham Rise. The lower slope between and below the scours comprises a complex of coalescing sediment drifts. The adjacent Hikurangi Trough is characterised by a canyon and levee-channel system that guide turbidites from the eastern South Island margin and Cook Strait. On the trough floor is a meandering axial channel up to 10 km wide, with a left-bank dominated levee off Cook Strait where the trough widens.
Within the down-slope thickening, late Cenozoic succession on the NW Chatham slope there is a stratigraphic change in acoustic impedance that is inferred to mark a change from predominantly carbonate to terrigenous sedimentation in the Late Miocene (c. 9-10 Ma). This change might reflect an increase in uplift and erosion of the Southern Alps at this time. Analysis of 13 unconformity-bounded seismic units of Pliocene-Recent age indicates an episodic history of mid-bathyal (c. 700-2300 m) current erosion and deposition on the NW Chatham slope. Erosion began in the mid-Pliocene and was most widespread in the Late Pleistocene, when several regional scale erosion surfaces developed. The regional extent of the older surfaces differ from the pattern of oblique-to-slope, en echelon, scour channels and associated sediment drifts which are related only to the five youngest depositional units(< 0.25 Ma). All erosional or non-depositional unconformities between the 13 Plio-Pleistocene seismic units resulted from major velocity changes in the northward, mid-bathyal flow over the Mernoo Saddle. Therefore, the sedimentary units and their intervening unconformities have a different origin to sea-level-controlled sequences in the Vail/Exxon stratigraphic model. The eight youngest seismic units are Late Pleistocene and have a cyclicity of about 57-75 ka, which is similar to high-order (40 and 100 ka) glacio-eustatic sea-level cycles. The older units, deposited between Early Pliocene and Late Pleistocene, have a longer frequency of about 750 ka. The similarity of the Late Pleistocene sequence cyclicity to that of high-order glacio-eustatic cycles, together with consideration of the physical oceanography, a recent phase of reduced erosion during the Holocene, and the inferred subsidence history of the region collectively suggest that the paleoceanographic fluctuations causing the sequences are related to high-amplitude Plio-Pleistocene glacial-interglacial climatic oscillations superimposed on the late Cenozoic subsidence of Mernoo Saddle.
The north Canterbury inner-middle shelf is underlain by twelve unconformity bounded seismic units of Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene to Recent age. The units consist predominantly of terrigenous silty mud and thin layers of gravel, which are inferred to have been deposited in c. < 70-80 m water depth predominantly during transgressions and relative highstands of high amplitude, glacio-eustatic sea-level cycles. Erosional unconformities of middle Pleistocene to Recent age have been progressively tilted seaward as a result of contemporaneous coastal uplift and outer shelf subsidence.
The north-western corner of the Chatham Rise has been extending by normal faulting since the Late Miocene (c. 8-6 Ma). The North Mernoo Fault Zone (NMFZ) is a 100 x 300 km extensional province that evolved contemporaneously with offshore sedimentation and with the plate-boundary zone in northern South Island. Growth faults are characteristic, but the distribution of faulting has varied temporally; The fault zone is seismically active and consists of a domino-style array of overlapping, southward dipping normal faults which are typically 2-5 km apart and trend roughly east-west at a high angle to the plate-boundary zone. Late Quaternary surface traces are widely distributed on the mid-upper continental slope but many surface scarps are poorly preserved due to extensive erosion of the seafloor. Despite the wide distribution of faulting, late Cenozoic extensional strain is < 2%. The geometry of the NMFZ is partially inherited from older basement structures. Many of the late
Cenozoic faults are reactivated Late Cretaceous and Eocene normal faults which developed during periods of widespread extension of the New Zealand region, in tectonic settings different from now. Two possible models for extension of the edge of continental Pacific Plate are considered: (1) lateral buckling of the upper continental crust across the southern termination of the Hikurangi subduction zone; and (2) flexure of the NW Chatham Rise as the region is bent downward into the southern end of the Hikurangi subduction zone.
The extensional NMFZ is one of three offshore fault systems that almost merge together over the southern end of the Hikurangi subduction zone. The western end of the NMFZ crosses submarine canyons at the southern end of the Hikurangi Trough and extends to within 20 km of two opposite-verging, NE-trending fold and thrust fault systems on the north-eastern South Island continental margin. One fold and thrust system verges eastward and represents the southern part of the Hikurangi margin imbricated frontal wedge that is deforming the Marlborough continental slope above the southern part of the Hikurangi subduction zone. The other fold and thrust fault system verges north-westward and is deforming the north Canterbury shelf to the west of the NMFZ.
In addition to tilting of the north Canterbury shelf, the inner edges of the Plio-Pleistocene units have been progressively deformed since the middle Pleistocene. Gentle, asymmetric folds up to 35 km long are inferred to be developing above the propagating tips of SE-dipping thrust faults. Some structural elements of the fold and thrust system may be reactivated Late Cretaceous extensional faults. The fold and thrust region extends 20 km offshore between central Pegasus Bay and Kaikoura. The north-eastern end of the zone extends to within 20 km of the extensional NMFZ, but these two fault systems are not linked kinematically, Two possible tectonic models for the north Canterbury coastal region are considered. The preferred model involves NW-SE oriented, upper-crustal shortening of much of the north Canterbury region, which is required to accommodate a component of the relative plate motion in northern South Island.
A comparison with other obliquely convergent plate boundaries and with other tectonic settings where continental extensional faulting is occurring today, suggests that the style of tectonic interactions at the southern termination of the Hikurangi subduction zone is rare in the world.
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Smart, Martha. "The application of the theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling in tax compliance behaviour: a New Zealand study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accounting and Information Systems, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7528.
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The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has received considerable attention in the behavioural literature, but not in the tax compliance domain. The key purpose of this study is to determine the influence of selected tax compliance variables on tax compliance behaviour. The secondary objectives are to explore the applicability of the TPB in predicting and explaining tax compliance behaviour, and to provide justification for the application of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) employing the Partial Least Squares (PLS) statistical software or PLS-Graph (which has not been widely used in tax compliance research). The results provide evidence supporting the use of PLS-Graph in undertaking SEM analysis in tax compliance research, especially when smaller samples are involved and the data collected may not be normally distributed. This study also demonstrated the wide applicability of the TPB, including its application in tax compliance research.
This study modified and extended the standard TPB behavioural model with the inclusion of a number of economic and noneconomic constructs. Most of the constructs used for this study are grounded in a number of theories: Deterrence Theory; Procedural Justice Theory; and Motivational Posturing Theory; in addition to the TPB. Data to test the research hypotheses was collected using a mail and a web-based survey.
The results of this study suggest that noneconomic variables, such as beliefs and attitudes, are good predictors of tax compliance behaviour. Consistent with the majority of studies, the most influential factor in predicting and explaining tax compliance behaviour (through the mediating effects of behavioural intention) is attitude towards the behaviour. Other factors such as personal, social and societal norms were also significant predictors of tax compliance behaviour. Perceived behavioural control was only significant for the taxpayers but not for the tax agents. In contrast, perception of the tax authority was significant for New Zealand tax agents, but not for taxpayers. The results also suggest that tax compliance behaviour is complex, and different determinants of compliance behaviour affects different sub-groups of taxpayers differently. The results lend further support to the literature that indicates that taxpayers are not a homogeneous group. This study also found that taxpayers and tax agents generally perceive tax noncompliance as less serious relative to a number of other similar civil offences. This perception may explain why respondents (from both sample groups) who were penalised for noncompliance felt that the penalties imposed were harsh, unfair and excessive.
Overall, the current study illustrates the importance of incorporating noneconomic variables comprising beliefs, attitudes, and norms, with widely used economic variables such as penalties and other enforcement tools, for achieving an optimal compliance strategy.
Books on the topic "Structural New Zealand"
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Big ideas: 100 wonders of New Zealand engineering. Auckland, N.Z: Random House, 2009.
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Matthew, Wright. Big ideas: 100 wonders of New Zealand engineering. Auckland, N.Z: Random House, 2009.
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Basdevant, Olivier. Modelling structural change: The case of New Zealand. Wellington, N.Z: Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Economics Dept., 2003.
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Ayto, Jonathan. New Zealand distributive trades: Pricing, regulation and structural change. Wellington: NZ Institute of Economic Research, 1987.
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Ayto, Jonathan. New Zealand distributive trades: Pricing, regulation, and structural change. Wellington: NZ Institute of Economic Research, 1987.
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Kelsey, Jane. The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment? Auckland, N.Z: Auckland Univeristy Press, 1995.
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Claus, Iris. Estimating potential output for New Zealand: A structural VAR approach. Wellington, New Zealand: Reserve Bank of New Zealand, 2000.
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Kelsey, Jane. The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment? Auckland, N.Z: Auckland Univeristy Press, 1997.
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Baird, Mark. Responding to change: What firms say about structural adjustment. Wellington: NZ Institute of Economic Research, 1990.
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Ferguson, W. G. (W. George), Thambyah Ashvin, Hodgson Michael A, and Wade Kelly, eds. Structural integrity and failure: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the international conference on structural integrity and failure (SIF 2010), July 4-7, 2010, held at the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Durnten-Zurich: Trans Tech, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Structural New Zealand"
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Uma, S. R., and S. Beskhyroun. "Developments in Seismic Instrumentation and Health Monitoring of Structures in New Zealand." In Seismic Structural Health Monitoring, 385–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13976-6_16.
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Kouretzis, George P., Mark J. Masia, and Clive Allen. "Structural Design Codes of Australia and New Zealand: Seismic Actions." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_120-1.
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Kouretzis, George P., Mark J. Masia, and Clive Allen. "Structural Design Codes of Australia and New Zealand: Seismic Actions." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 3604–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_120.
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Cubrinovski, Misko, Stefano Pampanin, and Brendon Bradley. "Geotechnical and Structural Aspects of the 2010–2011 Christchurch (New Zealand) Earthquakes." In Springer Environmental Science and Engineering, 1–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5182-8_1.
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Thorpe, Stephen J., and Leanne Bint. "Protecting New Zealand Native Birds: An Investigation of Founder Motivations in the Squawk Squad Collaborative Innovation Network." In Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics, 129–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74295-3_11.
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Little, Timothy, Ruth Wightman, Rodney J. Holcombe, and Matthew Hill. "Transpression models and ductile deformation of the lower crust of the Pacific Plate in the central Southern Alps, A perspective from structural geology." In A Continental Plate Boundary: Tectonics at South Island, New Zealand, 271–88. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/175gm14.
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Seibel, Wolfgang. "Erosion of Professional Integrity: The Collapse of the Canterbury TV Building in Christchurch on 22 February 2011." In Collapsing Structures and Public Mismanagement, 87–128. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67818-0_4.
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AbstractFrom 4 September 2010 on, a series of earthquakes shattered New Zealand for more than one year the most devastating of which caused the Canterbury TV (CTV) building in downtown Christchurch to collapse on 22 February 2011. One hundred and fifteen people were killed. A Royal Commission found out that, in 1986, the Christchurch City Council (CCC) had granted a building permit despite concerns about structural design issues. Moreover, the authority did not insist on structural analyses of the building after the initial earthquake of 4 September 2010. Thorough investigations after the disaster of 22 February 2011 revealed that the early concerns about insufficient joints between floors and shear walls had been entirely justified since the failure of the joints, according to all likelihood, had triggered the collapse of the building.
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Morris, Gareth, Mark Browne, Kirsti Murahidy, and Mike Jacka. "Christchurch Town Hall Complex: Post-Earthquake Ground Improvement, Structural Repair, and Seismic Retrofit." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 145–72. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.145.
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<p>The Christchurch Town Hall (CTH) complex contains six reinforced concrete buildings constructed circa 1970 in Christchurch, New Zealand (NZ). The complex is used for performing arts and entertainment, with an Auditorium that is internationally recognized for its acoustics. It is listed as a Grade-1 heritage building due to its cultural and historical significance. Unfortunately, the CTH foundation system was not originally designed to accommodate liquefaction-induced differential settlement and lateral spreading effects, as highlighted by the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. Although the most extreme ground motions exceeded the NZS 1170.5 code-defined 1/2500 year earthquake loads, the CTH structures performed remarkably well for a design that pre-dated modern seismic codes. Most of the observed structural damage was a result of the differential ground deformations, rather than in response to inertial forces. The post-earthquake observations and signs of distress are presented herein. The primary focus of this paper is to describe two major features of the seismic retrofit project (initiated in 2013) which were required to upgrade the CTH complex to meet 100% of current NZS 1170.5 seismic loadings. Firstly, the upgrade required extensive ground improvement and a new reinforce concrete mat slab to mitigate the impacts future ground deformations. Soil stabilization was provided by a cellular arrangement of jet-grout columns, a relatively new technique to NZ at the time. The new mat slab (typically 600-900 mm) was constructed over the stabilized soils. Secondly, upgrading the superstructure had many constraints that were overcome via a performance-based design approach, using non-linear time-history analysis. Recognizing the heritage significance, the superstructure “resurrection” as a modern building was hidden within the original skin minimized disruption of heritage fabric. Retrofit solutions were targeted, which also minimized the overall works. The 2015–2019 construction phase is briefly discussed within, including jet-grout procedures and sequencing considerations.</p>
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Stern, T. A., F. J. Davey, and E. G. C. Smith. "Crustal structure studies in New Zealand." In Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective, 121–32. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd013p0121.
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White, Joe, and Hamish McKenzie. "Seismic Strengthening of the Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 95–126. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.095.
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<p>The Majestic Centre is a 30-storey office tower in the centre of Wellington, New Zealand. The structure has a dual lateral system (reinforced concrete (RC) moment frame + shear cores) and hollow-core floors. The building’s assessed seismic performance was found to be below expected levels, leading to a strengthening exercise. Over a period of 5 years, the structures performance was raised to meet current seismic loading requirements, at a cost of €50M.</p>
Conference papers on the topic "Structural New Zealand"
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Waldin, Jeremy, Chloe McKenzie, Jeremy Jennings, and Russell Kean. "Structural response monitoring of New Zealand bridges." In International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.868.
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Ahmad, Nasaruddin. "Structural Style and Structural Evolution in the Hawke's Bay Region, New Zealand." In PGCE 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.258.p20.
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Greshin, Paul S., and Jonathan Davidson. "STYLES OF STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION ACROSS CASTLE HILL BASIN, NEW ZEALAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303828.
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Edwards, Liam. "Design Challenges of the Horotiu Paa Bridge - Maximising Structural Efficiency and Economy." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0814.
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The Horotiu Paa Bridge, also known as the Karapiro Gully Bridge is the largest weathering steel bridge in New Zealand. Construction of the bridge was recently completed in November 2015. The bridge is part of the Cambridge section of the Waikato Expressway in New Zealand. The Waikato Expressway is one of the seven state highways, named the Roads of National Significance, identified by the government as essential to New Zealand's economic prosperity. The bridge spans over the Karapiro Gully with a total length of 200m, consisting of four 50m long equal spans and is 24m wide, servicing 4 lanes of traffic.<p> This paper discusses the design development, key design aspects, innovations and technical challenges for the design of the Horotiu Paa Bridge.
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Frisk, Lis. "A structural analysis: Designing our way into sustainability." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.1040.
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<p>With the average global temperature on the rise sustainable solutions are needed to combat climate change. The Paris Agreement was created to keep the average global temperature below a 2°C increase from pre-industrial levels. New Zealand, signatory to the Paris Agreement, has new legislation on a Zero Carbon Amendment Act to reduce all emissions to net carbon zero by 2050. 20% of all carbon emissions in New Zealand, half derived from construction and materials (embodied carbon), are from buildings.</p><p>The New Zealand Green Building Council (NZGBC) published a Zero Carbon Road Map to achieve the 2050 goal, including reducing embodied carbon 20% by 2025. Considering the structure alone, using sustainable materials can be challenging to apply to a project due to industry standards and code requirements. One method, discussed in this paper, can be implemented immediately, which is to study how different framing methods affect the amount of embodied carbon in the superstructure and substructure for a potential reduction of up to 20%.</p>
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Gould, Nathan C., and Justin D. Marshall. "Structural and Non-Structural Damage to Industrial Facilities during the February 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, Earthquake." In Structures Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412367.095.
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Cranney, Jesse, Jose De Dona, Piotr Piatrou, Francois Rigaut, and Visa Korkiakoski. "Modeling and identification of adaptive optics systems to satisfy distributed Kalman filter model structural constraints." In 2017 Australian and New Zealand Control Conference (ANZCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/anzcc.2017.8298437.
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Papoulis, E. V., and T. Stathaki. "New structures for adaptive filtering based on the generalised structural subband decomposition." In ANZIIS 2001. Proceedings of the Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/anziis.2001.974086.
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"Structural Differences Between the Residential Housing Market in New Zealand and Germany." In 16th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2009. ERES, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2009_379.
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Kahn, Cyril J. F., Dominique Dumas, Elmira Arab-Tehrany, Vanessa Marie, Nguyen Tran, Xiong Wang, and Franck Cleymand. "Structural and Mechanical Multi-Scale Characterization of White New Zealand Rabbit Achilles Tendon." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87528.
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Tendons and ligaments are complex multi-scale collageneous structures playing a fundamental role in mouvement. Even if these tissues are extensively studied in the past decades, modeling their non-linear viscoelastic properties is still a tough challenge. In order to reveal the relationship between the multi-scale structures and the macroscopic mechanical properties, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to study unstreateched microtome slices of rabbit Achilles tendons, and an Adamel Lomargy DY.22 tensile test machine to study the dynamic properties of these tissues. Based on our data, a Zener model was used to describe the dynamic loading and unloading cycles.
Reports on the topic "Structural New Zealand"
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Norris, Adele. Thesis review: The storytellers: Identity narratives by New Zealand African youth – participatory visual methodological approach to situating identity, migration and representation by Makanaka Tuwe. Unitec ePress, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/thes.revw4318.
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This fascinating and original work explores the experiences of third-culture children of African descent in New Zealand. The term ‘third-culture kid’ refers to an individual who grows up in a culture different from the culture of their parents. Experiences of youth of African descent is under-researched in New Zealand. The central research focus explores racialised emotions internalised by African youth that are largely attributed to a lack of positive media representation of African and/or black youth, coupled with daily experiences of micro-aggressions and structural racism. In this respect, the case-study analysis is reflective of careful, methodological and deliberative analysis, which offers powerful insights into the grass-roots strategies employed by African youth to resist negative stereotypes that problematise and marginalise them politically and economically.
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Henson, Donna. Thesis Review: The Manifestation of Race in Everyday Communication Interactions in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/thes.revw2064.
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In the second of the Theses Review series Dr Donna Henson reviews the work of Elizabeth Revell. ‘This thesis presents an interesting and thoughtful autoethnographic inquiry into the manifestation of race in everyday communication interactions in New Zealand. An uncommon choice of both topic and method in the local communication disciplinary context, Revell presents a partial collaborative autoethnographic approach to the study that entails the reflexive analysis of qualitative data drawn from solicited participant diaries, semi-structured interviews and focus groups.
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Henson, Donna. Thesis Review: The Manifestation of Race in Everyday Communication Interactions in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/thes.revw22015.
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This thesis presents an interesting and thoughtful autoethnographic inquiry into the manifestation of race in everyday communication interactions in New Zealand. An uncommon choice of both topic and method in the local communication disciplinary context, Revell presents a partial collaborative autoethnographic approach to the study that entails the reflexive analysis of qualitative data drawn from solicited participant diaries, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The resultant thesis presents a methodologically compelling and theoretically significant contribution to the field of communication research generally, and the discussion of race in the local context specifically.
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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.
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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.
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Woolson Neville, Diane, and Helen Gremillion. Experiencing Women’s Advocacy: Connections with and Departures from a Feminist Socio-Political Movement to end Violence Against Women. Unitec ePress, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.032.
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This article examines how contemporary women’s advocates working in New Zealand with women experiencing intimate partner violence regard their work and how these experiences both connect with and depart from a feminist movement to end violence against women. Ten women’s advocates from ten different organisations were interviewed two times. The first interviews involved participants commenting on vignettes about hypothetical cases of intimate partner violence. The second interviews weresemi-structured and involved discussions about participants’ work and wider thoughts on the phenomenon of intimate partner violence. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify key themes within participants’ interviews. Analysis indicated an alignment with international research illustrating an erosion of feminist perspectives in advocacy work. At the same time, it revealed areas of enduring feminist influence. Findings, therefore, suggest that the relationship between advocacy and the feminist movement to end violence against women is complicated and contradictory. Implications for further research directions are considered.
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Woolson Neville, Diane, and Helen Gremillion. Experiencing Women’s Advocacy: Connections with and Departures from a Feminist Socio-Political Movement to end Violence Against Women. Unitec ePress, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.032.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines how contemporary women’s advocates working in New Zealand with women experiencing intimate partner violence regard their work and how these experiences both connect with and depart from a feminist movement to end violence against women. Ten women’s advocates from ten different organisations were interviewed two times. The first interviews involved participants commenting on vignettes about hypothetical cases of intimate partner violence. The second interviews weresemi-structured and involved discussions about participants’ work and wider thoughts on the phenomenon of intimate partner violence. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify key themes within participants’ interviews. Analysis indicated an alignment with international research illustrating an erosion of feminist perspectives in advocacy work. At the same time, it revealed areas of enduring feminist influence. Findings, therefore, suggest that the relationship between advocacy and the feminist movement to end violence against women is complicated and contradictory. Implications for further research directions are considered.
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Woolson Neville, Diane, and Helen Gremillion. Experiencing Women’s Advocacy: Connections with and Departures from a Feminist Socio-Political Movement to end Violence Against Women. Unitec ePress, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.032.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines how contemporary women’s advocates working in New Zealand with women experiencing intimate partner violence regard their work and how these experiences both connect with and depart from a feminist movement to end violence against women. Ten women’s advocates from ten different organisations were interviewed two times. The first interviews involved participants commenting on vignettes about hypothetical cases of intimate partner violence. The second interviews weresemi-structured and involved discussions about participants’ work and wider thoughts on the phenomenon of intimate partner violence. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify key themes within participants’ interviews. Analysis indicated an alignment with international research illustrating an erosion of feminist perspectives in advocacy work. At the same time, it revealed areas of enduring feminist influence. Findings, therefore, suggest that the relationship between advocacy and the feminist movement to end violence against women is complicated and contradictory. Implications for further research directions are considered.
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Bolstad, Rachel. Opportunities for education in a changing climate: Themes from key informant interviews. New Zealand Council for Educational Research, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/rep.0006.
Full textAbstract:
How can education in Aotearoa New Zealand respond to climate change? This report, part of our wider education and climate change project, outlines findings from 17 in-depth interviews with individuals with a range of viewpoints about climate change and the role of education. Five priority perspectives are covered: youth (aged 16–25); educators; Māori; Pacific New Zealanders; and people with an academic, education system, or policy perspective. Key findings are: Education offers an important opportunity for diverse children and young people to engage in positive, solutions-focused climate learning and action. Interviewees shared local examples of effective climate change educational practice, but said it was often down to individual teachers, students, and schools choosing to make it a focus. Most interviewees said that climate change needs to be a more visible priority across the education system. The perspectives and examples shared suggest there is scope for growth and development in the way that schools and the wider education system in Aotearoa New Zealand respond to climate change. Interviewees’ experiences suggest that localised innovation and change is possible, particularly when young people and communities are informed about the causes and consequences of climate change, and are engaged with what they can do to make a difference. However, effective responses to climate change are affected by wider systems, societal and political structures, norms, and mindsets. Interviewee recommendations for schools, kura, and other learning settings include: Supporting diverse children and young people to develop their ideas and visions for a sustainable future, and to identify actions they can take to realise that future. Involving children and young people in collective and local approaches, and community-wide responses to climate change. Scaffolding learners to ensure that they were building key knowledge, as well as developing ethical thinking, systems thinking, and critical thinking. Focusing on new career opportunities and pathways in an economic transition to a low-carbon, changed climate future. Getting children and young people engaged and excited about what they can do, rather than disengaged, depressed, or feeling like they have no control of their future.