Academic literature on the topic 'Structural New Caledonia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Structural New Caledonia"
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Ozanne-Rivierre, Francoise. "Structural Changes in the Languages of Northern New Caledonia." Oceanic Linguistics 34, no. 1 (June 1995): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623111.
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Webb, Donald W. "The genus Chrysopilus in New Caledonia (Diptera: Rhagionidae)." Canadian Entomologist 143, no. 6 (December 2011): 706–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n11-037.
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AbstractSeventeen new species of Chrysopilus Macquart are described from New Caledonia with illustrations of the male head, wing, and genitalia. The new species are C. bicoloratus sp. nov., C. brunneabdominalis sp. nov., C. caliginosus sp. nov., C. chazeaui sp. nov., C. everti sp. nov., C. irwini sp. nov., C. frankmcalpinei sp. nov., C. mandjelia sp. nov., C. melinus sp. nov., C. noumea sp. nov., C. petersoni sp. nov., C. plautifrons sp. nov., C. sarramea sp. nov., C. shewelli sp. nov., C. teskeyi sp. nov., C. vockerothi sp. nov., and C. woodi sp. nov. Keys are provided to identify the species from New Caledonia.
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Ibanez, Thomas, Jérôme Munzinger, Gilles Dagostini, Vanessa Hequet, Frédéric Rigault, Tanguy Jaffré, and Philippe Birnbaum. "Structural and floristic diversity of mixed tropical rain forest in New Caledonia: new data from the New Caledonian Plant Inventory and Permanent Plot Network (NC-PIPPN)." Applied Vegetation Science 17, no. 3 (November 13, 2013): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12070.
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Le Cohu, Rene, Horst Lange-Bertalot, Bart Van de Viver, and Loic Tudesque. "Analysis and critical evaluation of structural features in four Cymbellaceae taxa from New Caledonia." Fottea 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.017.
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Read, J., T. Jaffre, E. Godrie, G. S. Hope, and J. M. Veillon. "Structural and floristic characteristics of some monodominant and adjacent mixed rainforests in New Caledonia." Journal of Biogeography 27, no. 2 (March 2000): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00407.x.
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Manceau, A., G. Calas, and A. Decarreau. "Nickel-bearing clay minerals: I. Optical spectroscopic study of nickel crystal chemistry." Clay Minerals 20, no. 3 (September 1985): 367–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1985.020.3.08.
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AbstractNickel crystal chemistry was systematically studied in various phyllosilicates, mainly the natural phases selected from the ‘garnierites’ of the supergene ore deposits of New Caledonia. Minerals which do not usually occur in New Caledonian parageneses were synthesised, as they could represent intermediate phases of genetic importance. In the kerolite-pimelite series, a linear relationship occurred between the ratioI(13,20)/I(02,11)of thehkbands and Ni-content. Diffuse reflectance spectra were used to derive the crystal chemical parameters of Ni. These confirmed its divalent character and its occupation of octahedral sites; the resulting structural distortion was slight and could not be detected in some minerals. There was no optical evidence for Ni atoms in 4-fold coordination. The two main parameters which showed significant variations among the studied phases were site distortion and crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE). Site distortion was at a maximum in trioctahedral smectites and sepiolite. CFSE depended on the mineralogy, crystallinity and chemical composition (Al-content) of the phase. Finally, clay minerals are classified according to the increasing stability of Ni in the octahedral sheet, which has been tentatively related to the geochemical distribution of this element. Secondary minerals are usually enriched vs. primary ones and among them are nepouite and kerolite which exhibit a high CFSE in contrast to sepiolite.
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WELLS, ALICE, KJELL ARNE JOHANSON, and PETER DOSTINE. "Why are so many species based on a single specimen?" Zoosymposia 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5.
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A considerable number of insect species, including Trichoptera, are described from a single specimen, also known as a 'unique' or a 'singleton'. We ask the question of whether this reflects failure to consider variation and related species, lack of collecting effort, or true rarity. In an attempt to answer this question we examine the available literature and data on the Trichoptera of Tasmania and New Caledonia. We note a low level of taxonomic synonymy among species in these faunas. Moreover, a significant proportion of species from Tasmania that were based originally on singletons have been re-collected subsequently, but this is not true for New Caledonia. The possible significance of these figures is considered following examination of data on diversity and abundance of Hydroptilidae collected by regular, standardised light trapping over almost two years at a northern Australian tropical stream. We conclude that quite a large proportion of the Trichoptera species based on singletons are rare, valid species, but for others the appearance of rarity may be a consequence of inadequate collecting, particular behavioural attributes of the species, including seasonality, and failure to consider fully the structural diversity of related species. Lastly, we discuss briefly the consequences of rarity, apparent or real, on conservation management.
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de Vel, Olivier Y., and William Bour. "The structural and thematic mapping of coral reefs using high Resolution SPOT data: Application to the Tétembia reef (New Caledonia)." Geocarto International 5, no. 2 (June 1990): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049009354256.
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Read, Jennifer, Patricia Hallam, and Jean-François Cherrier. "The anomaly of monodominant tropical rainforests: some preliminary observations in theNothofagus-dominated rainforests of New Caledonia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 11, no. 3 (August 1995): 359–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000883x.
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ABSTRACTNothofagusspecies dominate small patches of rainforest on ultramafic soils in New Caledonia, forming an almost monospecific upper canopy on some sites. These stands are commonly bordered by rainforests of greater floristic and structural complexity, also on ultramafic soils. In two lowland stands, the population size structures ofNothofagus aequilateralisstems greater than 50 cm high had an approximately skewed bell-shaped distribution with a modal size class of 15–25 cm stem diameter, and with no evidence of old trees. This indicates that the establishment ofNothofagushas occurred over a limited time span, without sufficient recent regeneration to allow the future replacement of the existing canopy trees. The factors initiating the major period of regeneration are not certain, but large-scale disturbance is implicated and evidence of past wild-fire on both sites is consistent with this hypothesis. It is unlikely that significant regeneration ofNothofaguswill occur as the stands mature and canopy gaps are created by the death of old trees, since saplings of other species already occur at high densities in the understorey and will probably pre-empt the resources made available by canopy gaps. Two other study sites were situated above 900 m asl. At Dzumac, in an apparently older stand dominated byN. codonandra, there is some evidence of recent regeneration, predominantly confined to a single large canopy gap. The population size structure ofN. baumanniaeon the fourth site, on the summit of Mt Mou, shows a closer approximation to a reverse-J curve. Seedlings, however, are relatively uncommon on this site, and the numerous saplings may be suppressed rather than young.Analyses of topsoil provided no consistent evidence to suggest that mineral content is controlling the distribution ofNothofagusacross vegetation boundaries.The environmental factors promoting the formation of these monodominant canopies are uncertain, but appear to involve large-scale disturbance by windstorm or fire. The population size structures suggest that the canopies of the two lowland stands, at least, are likely to become more species-rich, with a progressive decline in the frequency ofNothofagus. Therefore, these lowland monodominant forests cannot be regarded as equilibrium communities, irrespective of whether more detailed studies reveal environmental differences across the community boundaries. The status of the two high altitude sites is less certain.
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El Mendili, Yassine, Beate Orberger, Daniel Chateigner, Jean-François Bardeau, Stéphanie Gascoin, Sébastien Petit, and Olivier Perez. "Occurrence of SiC and Diamond Polytypes, Chromite and Uranophane in Breccia from Nickel Laterites (New Caledonia): Combined Analyses." Minerals 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020196.
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Different techniques have been combined to identify the structure and the chemical composition of siliceous breccia from a drill core of nickel laterites in New Caledonia (Tiebaghi mine). XRD analyses show quartz as a major phase. Micro-Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of reddish microcrystalline quartz as a major phase with inclusion of microparticles of iron oxides and oxyhydroxide. Lithoclasts present in breccia are composed of lizardite, chrysotile, forsterite, hedenbergite and saponite. The veins cutting through the breccia are filled with Ni-bearing talc. Furthermore, for the first time, we discovered the presence of diamond microcrystals accompanied by moissanite polytypes (SiC), chromite (FeCr2O4) and uranophane crystals (Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2.5(H2O)) and lonsdaleite (2H-[C-C]) in the porosities of the breccia. The origin of SiC and diamond polytypes are attributed to ultrahigh-pressure crystallization in the lower mantle. The SiC and diamond polytypes are inherited from serpentinized peridotites having experienced interaction with a boninitic melt. Serpentinization, then weathering of the peridotites into saprolite, did not affect the resistant SiC polytypes, diamond and lonsdaleite. During karstification and brecciation, silica rich aqueous solutions partly digested the saprolite. Again, the SiC polymorph represent stable relicts from this dissolution process being deposited in breccia pores. Uranophane is a neoformed phase having crystallized from the silica rich aqueous solutions. Our study highlights the need of combining chemical and mineralogical analytical technologies to acquire the most comprehensive information on samples, as well as the value of Raman spectroscopy in characterizing structural properties of porous materials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural New Caledonia"
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Herring, Jamie. "Globalization and its effects on forest diversity: A case study of New Caledonia." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26489.
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In the scientific literature pertaining to the world's loss of biodiversity, an extensive amount of research has been undertaken to describe the local biological processes involved in the loss of endangered habitats. However, the social mechanisms that infringe upon these habitats and perpetuate human activities that destroy rare and endangered species has largely been ignored. This thesis is an attempt to discover the social, political and economic causes of habitat loss in the particular case of New Caledonia. Specifically, the extraction of nickel in New Caledonia was examined as a resource that has been central to the island's development history and which has been the cause of the most forest damage. Globalization theory and World-Systems theory have been used in a complementary way to provide a framework for how the integration of New Caledonia into the global economic system over the past 150 years has impacted the island's rare forest systems. Periods of globalization prior to the 1970's were found to have had the most destructive impact on forest habitat than the years following 1975. Greater ecological protections implemented as a result of pressures on France from both global and local environmental groups were found to have increased protection measures for the various forest habitats. However, the destruction of the forests of New Caledonia continues and strong ecological protections that would guarantee the forest's long-term health are still missing.
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Jeanpert, Julie. "Structure et fonctionnement hydrogéologiques des massifs de péridotites de Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0047/document.
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Le fonctionnement et la structure hydrogéologiques des aquifères de socle des granites et des gneiss sont aujourd'hui relativement bien compris. En revanche, dans cet ensemble, les aquifères dans les péridotites sont très peu étudiés et mal compris. Dans ce contexte, les massifs obductés de Nouvelle-Calédonie présentent un laboratoire naturel exceptionnel pour améliorer la connaissance de cet hydrosystème original en contexte tropical. Ainsi l'objectif du présent travail de thèse est d'approfondir la connaissance de la structure et du fonctionnement hydrogéologiques de ces massifs. L'analyse porte d’abord sur le manteau d'altération constitué de la cuirasse, des latérites, des saprolites grossières et du saprock. Plus de 60 essais hydrauliques sont menés sur les massifs de péridotites et les résultats sont compilés aux données existantes. La conductivité hydraulique moyenne des latérites est évaluée à 1.10-7 m/s et celle des saprolites grossières et du saprock à 8.10-7 m/s. L'hétérogénéité de cet horizon altéré est marquée par une gamme de variation de la conductivité hydraulique sur six ordres de grandeur et l'analyse piézométrique met en évidence des connexions hydrauliques avec le substratum fracturé profond. Le substratum est ensuite considéré. L'étude de la fracturation est réalisée à partir de mesures structurales sur affleurement et de la description de près de 1000 m de carottes de forages. L'analyse de la fracturation met en évidence l'importance du réseau serpentineux par sa densité d’une part, et par son lien avec l'altération supergène d'autre part. De plus, il est vérifié que la conductivité hydraulique du substratum diminue avec la profondeur. Cette variation est liée à la diminution de la densité de fractures altérées. Ainsi, à l'issue de ces analyses, la structure des massifs de péridotites est définie. Un réseau primaire de fractures d’espacement décimétrique lié au réseau serpentineux préstructure les péridotites. Sur ce réseau se surimpose un réseau de fractures dont l'espacement est décamétrique et caractérisé par une altération supergène. Les fractures altérées présentent localement de fortes conductivités hydrauliques, de l'ordre de 10-5 m/s. En profondeur l'espacement des fractures est hectométrique et les fractures sont majoritairement fermées, scellées par les minéraux néoformés ou par l'effet de la pression lithostatique. Les réseaux de fractures déca et hectométriques, visibles également sur l'effet d’échelle de la conductivité hydraulique, sont majoritairement verticaux, développés par instabilité de dissolution lors des processus d’altération. Cependant, des structures à faible pendage existent également et permettent la percolation du réseau. Enfin, à partir de ces nouveaux résultats et de l’intégration de l'ensemble des données acquises sur les différents massifs, un modèle de structure et de fonctionnement hydrogéologiques est proposé à l'échelle du massif. Ce modèle comprend l'horizon des latérites qui constitue un aquitard homogène sous lequel se développe l'aquifère dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de cinquante mètres. Le substratum est discrétisé en trois couches dont la conductivité hydraulique décroît de 2.10-7 à 2.10-8 m/s entre 50 m et 250 m environ sous le mur de l'aquifère. Les modèles numériques construits permettent de valider le modèle conceptuel unitaire et montrent que l'état de saturation des massifs est contraint par leur géomorphologie. Au terme de ce travail, plusieurs aspects doivent encore être approfondis. Le rôle hydrogéologique de la cuirasse doit être précisé et considéré dans le modèle hydrogéologique. Enfin, compte tenu du développement possible de structures très perméables, voire pseudo-karstiques, la connaissance de la distribution des structures drainantes doit être améliorée. Les résultats appliqués de ce travail de recherche sont exposés dans un rapport final et un guide méthodologique livrés dans le cadre du projet CNRT « HYPERK »Water resources of hard-rock (gneisses or granites) aquifers have significantly been studied in the past two decades. The hydrogeological behavior and structure of these aquifers are thus relatively well understood. On the other hand, aquifers in mantle-type basements, such as peridotites, are poorly studied and understood, mainly because they are not common and of limited extent. In this context, New Caledonia is a great laboratory offering unique opportunity to improve the knowledge of these original types of hydrosystems in tropical climate. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of these aquifer systems within weathered peridotites. Firstly, the study focuses on the characterization of the weathered layers of the peridotites composed of, from top to bottom, iron oxides/ferricrete, laterite, coarse saprolite and saprock (ie. top of the bedrock, with up to 20 % of weathered material). More than 60 hydraulic tests are performed and results were compiled with existing data. Mean hydraulic conductivity (K) of laterites is estimated around 1.10-7 m/s while mean value in coarse saprolites and saprock is around 8.10-7 m/s. Heterogeneity of this altered layer is high; K varies between six orders of magnitude and hydraulic head data analysis reveals a hydraulic connection with the deep fractured bedrock. Secondly, the fresh rock part of peridotites is studied. Fracture network analysis is derived from outcrop structural measurements and from the description of about 1000 m of cumulated borehole cores. This work highlights the importance of serpentine network, because of its high density and its critical impact on weathering. Moreover, the observations reveal that hydraulic conductivity decreases with depth within the substratum, due to the vertical decrease of weathered fractures density. These new results allow defining a structural framework of the massifs. It is characterized by a primary decimetrical fracture network closely related to the serpentine network. This network is overprinted by a secondary weathering network which reveals decametric spacing (ca. 30 m) and in places K values of 10-5 m/s. At depth, spacing is hectometrical and fractures are sealed by lithostatic pressure and/or subsequent mineral precipitations. These deca- and hectometric fracture networks, which are also visible on the scale effect of hydraulic conductivity, are primarily vertical and are the result of dissolution instabilities occurring during weathering processes. However, low- angle fractures do occur and allow the percolation of the network. Finally, on the basis of these new results and the integration of all existing data from different massifs a new hydrogeological conceptual model is proposed at the scale of a massif. The model includes a homogeneous lateritic aquitard and a coarse saprolite and saprock aquifer which is about 50 m thick. The bedrock is subdivided into three layers whose hydraulic conductivity decreases from 2.10-7 m/s to 2.10-8 m/s, respectively 50 and 250 m below the aquifer base. Numerical modelling validates this unitary conceptual model and reveals that the saturation of the massifs depends on their morphology. At last, several aspects require further research. The role of the ferricrete layer must be specified and considered in the hydrological model. Moreover, distribution of the fracture network remains to be fully addressed and should be studied with care given the potential development of highly permeable structures that could conform to pseudo-karstic drains. The applied results of this work are available in a “Technical guide” and a “Technical report” of the “HYPERK” CNRT Project
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Blanchard, Elodie. "Diversité structurale des forêts denses humides de la Province Nord de Nouvelle Calédonie : de l'arbre au paysage." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT116/document.
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Dans un contexte de changements globaux, il est primordial de mettre au point des pratiques de gestion durable des forêts tropicales assurant le maintien de services environnementaux clés (e.g., biodiversité, stockage de carbone) et la production de biens essentiels aux communautés locales. La mesure, la spatialisation et la compréhension des déterminismes de la structure des forêts tropicales est un challenge pour la gestion durable des ressources forestières. Les forêts denses humides (FDH) de Nouvelle-Calédonie, un point chaud de biodiversité localisé dans le Pacifique Sud-Ouest, sont un modèle d'étude idéal pour comprendre les déterminants de la structure des FDH. En effet, les FDH néo-calédoniennes sont réparties le long d’une chaîne de montagne et sont ainsi soumises à de forts gradients environnementaux auxquels se superposent différents gradients de perturbations naturelles ou anthropiques. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont (i) de définir les caractéristiques structurales des FDH néo-calédoniennes, (ii) de cartographier les FDH et prédire leur structure à large échelle, et (iii) de quantifier l'influence de l’environnement et des dynamiques forestières sur la structure des FDH. Pour cela, 23 parcelles d’inventaire forestier de 100 m x 100 m ont été mise en place en Province Nord, entre 250 et 900 m d'altitude et 1500 et 3000 mm de précipitations annuelles. En plus de caractériser localement la structure des FDH, ces parcelles ont permis de calibrer un modèle prédictif basé sur l’analyse de la texture de la canopée, à l'aide la méthode FOTO (FOurier transform Textural Ordination), qui a été appliqué à huit images satellitaires à très haute résolution Pléiades (couvrant 1295 km2). Un tel modèle capable de lier texture et structure repose sur le postulat que la relation allométrique entre le DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) et l'aire de la couronne des arbres de canopée est stable. Nous avons également testé cette relation à échelle pantropicale. Nos résultats ont montré que les FDH néo-calédoniennes sont denses (1182 ± 233 tiges/ha), ont une aire basale élevée (44 ± 11 m2/ha), une canopée relativement basse (14 ± 3 m) et une biomasse aérienne caractéristique des forêts tropicales (299 ± 83 t/ha). Elles se distinguent également par une importante variabilité structurale. Cette variabilité est du même ordre que ce soit le long de gradients environnementaux ou de gradients de succession forestière. La méthode FOTO appliquée aux images Pléiades a permis de prédire et de spatialiser des paramètres structuraux clefs (tels que la densité de tiges et la biomasse aérienne des FDH) à partir de corrélations robustes avec les indices de texture de la canopée (R² ≥ 0,6; RMSE ≤ 20%). La structure des FDH est principalement dirigée par l'insolation potentielle et l'altitude à l'échelle des massifs montagneux, et par la pente et un indicateur topographique d'humidité à l'échelle du versant. Ces travaux permettront d'estimer les ressources forestières à l'échelle de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et de définir une nouvelle typologie des FDH sur le territoire intégrant leur variabilité structuraleIn the course of global change, new practices of sustainable management in tropical rainforests that maintain key environmental services (e.g., biodiversity, carbon sequestration) and produce goods on which local communities rely is needed. The measurement, spatialization and understanding of the drivers of rainforest structure at large scale is challenging for managing sustainably forest resources. Rainforests of New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot located in the South-West Pacific, are a well-suited study model to explore the drivers of rainforest structure. Indeed, New Caledonian rainforests are distributed along a mountain chain, which creates strong environmental gradients overlaid by a range of natural and anthropogenic disturbance gradients. The aims of this thesis are (i) to define some structural features of New Caledonian rainforests, (ii) to map rainforests and to predict their structure at large scale, and (iii) to quantify the influence of the environment and the forest dynamics on rainforest structure. To this end, 23 one hectare forest inventories were set up in the North Province of New Caledonia. In these plots, elevation ranged between 250 and 900 m and annual rainfall between 1500 and 3000 mm. In addition to characterize locally rainforest structure, these plots were used to calibrate a predictive model based on a textural analysis of the canopy, using the FOTO (FOurier transform Textural Ordination) method, which was applied to eight very high resolution images from a Pléiades satellite (covering 1295 km2). Such a model able to relate texture and structure is based on the hypothesis that the allometric relationship between the DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and the crown size of a canopy tree is stable. We tested this hypothesis tropics-wide. Our results show that New Caledonian rainforests are dense (1182 ± 233 tree/ha), with a high basal area (44 ± 11 m2/ha), a relatively low canopy (14 ± 3 m) and an above-ground biomass typical of tropical rainforests (299 ± 83 t/ha). These forests are also characterized by a high structural variability. This variability has the same range when influenced by environmental gradients as when influenced by forest succession gradients. The FOTO method applied to Pléiades images allowed to predict and spatialize key structural parameters (like the stem density or the above-ground biomass of rainforests) from robust correlations with the textural indices of the canopy (R² ≥ 0,6; RMSE ≤ 20%). The structure of New Caledonian rainforest is mainly driven by the potential insolation and the elevation at the scale of mountain massifs, and by the slope and the topographic wetness at the scale of a mountainside. These findings will enable to estimate rainforest resources across the territory and to define a new typology of New Caledonian rainforests taking into account their structural variability
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Orton, Kristopher T. "Constraining the age of the Noumea Basin : isotope ages and paleomagnetic data from New Caledonia." 2012. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1678824.
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Geological evidence suggests large-scale continental extension during the breakup of the eastern Gondwana margin was the predominant force controlling rifting of New Caledonia from the eastern Gondwana margin and formation of the Tasman Sea in the Late Cretaceous. Tectonic models suggest slab-rollback forces elongated and thinned the crustal lithosphere detaching crustal fragments from the Gondwana margin. Current tectonic models lack detailed timing and placement of this crustal detachment with respect to New Caledonia based on lack of evidence (rocks). An isotope and paleomagnetic study was carried out on a bi-modal assemblage of volcanic rock exposed on the southwest side of New Caledonia in the Nouméa Basin. U/Pb isotope ages of zircon grains found within siliceous volcanic rock in the Nouméa Basin provide temporal evidence that volcanism persisted both before and after the breakup of the eastern Gondwana Continent (100-90 Ma) in the Late Cretaceous. Four isotope ages >97 Ma and a series (11 samples) ranging from 91-76 Ma constrain the siliceous volcanism of the Nouméa Basin to the Late Cretaceous. A paleomagnetic inquiry utilizing statistics of both McFadden/Reid and Fisher carried out on 16 Nouméa Basin siliceous and mafic in situ formations place the oldest volcanic units found within the Nouméa Basin at 650 S latitude as New Caledonia began to separate from Gondwana (~100 Ma). The data suggests a well-developed arc signature in the region, which persisted for at least 15 Ma in the Late Cretaceous. Compared to current tectonic models of the southwest Pacific Region from the Late Cretaceous to Eocene, our data suggests New Caledonia was further south on the eastern Gondwana supercontinent prior to rifting in the Late Cretaceous than current models.Geologic background -- Tectonic setting -- Methods -- Sampling -- Results -- Discussion.
Department of Geological Sciences
Books on the topic "Structural New Caledonia"
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Renzo Piano: Centre Kanak = Kulturzentrum der Kanak = Cultural center of the Kanak people. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2001.
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Piano, Fondazione Renzo, ed. Nouméa: Centre culturel Jean-Marie Tjibaou. [Genoa, Italy]: Fondazione Renzo Piano, 2008.
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Piano, Renzo. Nouméa: Centre culturel Jean-Marie Tjibaou. [Genoa, Italy]: Fondazione Renzo Piano, 2008.
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Renzo, Piano. Nouméa: Centre culturel Jean-Marie Tjibaou. [Genoa, Italy]: Fondazione Renzo Piano, 2008.
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Barr, S. M. Field relations, petrology, and structure of Neoproterozoic rocks in the Caledonian Highlands, southern New Brunswick. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada, 1999.
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Architecture et ethnographie, le centre culturel tjibaou à Nouméa. Adam Biro, 2000.
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Gaston, Barbault, Perret André père, Reuillard Henri, Comité paroissial de Koumac, and Société d'études historiques de la Nouvelle Calédonie., eds. Koumac et son église. [S.l: s.n., 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Structural New Caledonia"
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Nicolas, A. "Bogota Peninsula and NE Districts of New Caledonia — Wadi Tayin in Oman Coastal Complex of Newfoundland: Possible Origin in Transform Faults." In Structures of Ophiolites and Dynamics of Oceanic Lithosphere, 127–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2374-4_5.
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Johnston, Stephen T. "The New Caledonia–D'Entrecasteaux orocline and its role in clockwise rotation of the Vanuatu–New Hebrides Arc and formation of the North Fiji Basin." In Special Paper 383: Orogenic curvature: Integrating paleomagnetic and structural analyses, 225–36. Geological Society of America, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2383-3(2004)383[225:tncoai]2.0.co;2.
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Willner, A. P., C. R. van Staal, J. Glodny, M. Sudo, and A. Zagorevski. "Conditions and timing of metamorphism near the Baie Verte Line (Baie Verte Peninsula, NW Newfoundland, Canada): Multiple reactivations within the suture zone of an arc-continent collision." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2554(09).
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ABSTRACT The Baie Verte Line in western Newfoundland marks a suture zone between (1) an upper plate represented by suprasubduction zone oceanic crust (Baie Verte oceanic tract) and the trailing continental Notre Dame arc, with related upper-plate rocks built upon the Dashwoods terrane; and (2) a lower plate of Laurentian margin metasedimentary rocks with an adjoining ocean-continent transition zone (Birchy Complex). The Baie Verte oceanic tract formed during closure of the Taconic seaway in a forearc position and started to be obducted onto the Laurentian margin between ca. 485 and 476 Ma (early Taconic event), whereas the Birchy Complex, at the leading edge of the Laurentian margin, was subducted to maximum depths as calculated by pseudosection techniques (6.7–11.2 kbar, 315–560 °C) by ca. 467–460 Ma, during the culmination of the Taconic collision between the trailing Notre Dame arc and Laurentia, and it cooled isobarically to 9.2–10.0 kbar and 360–450 °C by 454–449 Ma (M1). This collisional wedge progressively incorporated upper-plate Baie Verte oceanic tract rocks, with remnants preserved in M1 high-pressure, low-temperature greenschist-facies rocks (4.8–8.0 kbar, 270–340 °C) recording typical low metamorphic gradients (10–14 °C/km). Subsequently, the early Taconic collisional wedge was redeformed and metamorphosed during the final stages of the Taconic cycle. We relate existing and new 40Ar/39Ar ages between 454 and 439 Ma to a late Taconic reactivation of the structurally weak suture zone. The Taconic wedge on both sides of the Baie Verte suture zone was subsequently strongly shortened (D2), metamorphosed (M2), and intruded by a voluminous suite of plutons during the Salinic orogenic cycle. Calculated low- to medium-pressure, low-temperature M2 conditions in the Baie Verte oceanic tract varied at 3.0–5.0 kbar and 275–340 °C, with increased metamorphic gradients of ~17–25 °C/km during activity of the Notre Dame arc, and correlate with M2 assemblages in the Birchy Complex. These conditions are associated with existing Salinic S2 white mica 40Ar/39Ar ages of ca. 432 Ma in a D2 transpressional shear zone and synkinematic intrusions of comparable age. A third metamorphic event (M3) was recorded during the Devonian with calculated low-pressure, low-temperature conditions of 3.2–3.8 kbar and 315–330 °C under the highest metamorphic gradients (23–30 °C/km) and associated with Devonian–early Carboniferous isotopic ages as young as 356 ± 5 Ma. The youngest ages are related to localized extension associated with a large-scale transtensional zone, which reused parts of the Baie Verte Line suture zone. Extension culminated in the formation of a Middle to Late Devonian Neoacadian metamorphic core complex in upper- and lower-plate rocks by reactivation of Baie Verte Line tectonites formed during the Taconic and Salinic cycles. The Baie Verte Line suture zone is a collisional complex subjected to repeated, episodic structural reactivation during the Late Ordovician Taconic 3, Silurian Salinic, and Early–Late Devonian Acadian/Neoacadian orogenic cycles. Deformation appears to have been progressively localized in major fault zones associated with earlier suturing. This emphasizes the importance of existing zones of structural weakness, where reactivation took place in the hinterland during successive collision events.
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Maher, Harmon, Alvar Braathen, Morgan Ganerød, Per Terje Osmundsen, Tim Redfield, Per Inge Myhre, Christopher Serck, and Sara Parcher. "Core complex fault rocks of the Silurian to Devonian Keisarhjelmen detachment in NW Spitsbergen." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2554(11).
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ABSTRACT A Silurian–Devonian metamorphic core complex has recently been recognized in northwest Spitsbergen, on the northwest corner of the Barents Shelf at the junction between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The associated Keisarhjelmen detachment, a major, ductile-brittle fault zone, is 200–500 m thick and has a map trace >150 km. A top-to-the-north transport direction is parallel to the axis of a large-scale, shallowly north-plunging, detachment corrugation. This detachment zone separates overlying faulted Silurian–Devonian aged cover strata from underlying migmatitic rocks in the core. The detachment shows a diverse array of fault and metamorphic rocks with structural ascent, ranging from sheared migmatite, mylonite, ultramylonite, foliated cataclasite, pseudotachylite, and breccia. Footwall post-kinematic granitic intrusions occurred shortly prior to, and likely during, deposition of the older cover strata. Variably deformed, syn-kinematic granitic sheets and veins within the detachment zone are considered coeval. Thin sections show significant grain size reduction, porphyroclasts, and well-developed composite fault surfaces. Relict garnet sigma porphyroclasts associated with chlorite and sericite indicate retrogression. Feldspar porphyroclasts show significant sericite alteration, undulose extinction and limited recrystallization low in the detachment, and brittle deformation throughout. Quartz deformation textures and grain size vary considerably within and between samples. Deformation during retrogression continued into the brittle realm with the development of thick foliated cataclasites, fault breccias, and local pseudotachylites concentrated at the top of the detachment. Biotite in particular shows grain size reduction, concentration along C-surfaces, and shredding and redistribution, suggesting it played a significant role in both ductile and brittle faulting. Veins, micro-veins, and fluid inclusion planes are ubiquitous throughout the detachment, indicating substantial fault-related fluid flow. Given existing geochronologic and P-T (pressure-temperature) data from the basement rocks of the area, the kinematics, retrogression, and ductile-brittle transition are consistent with exhumation of a core complex developing by orogen-parallel extension associated with transtension during the Late Silurian and Early to Middle Devonian in northwest Spitsbergen. Remaining questions include how this core complex connects with coeval plate-scale strike-slip faults in Svalbard, and its relationship to mainland Norwegian core complexes and Devonian basins to the south.
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Hollocher, Kurt, Peter Robinson, Maria Van Nostrand, and Emily Walsh. "The Blåhø Nappe, central Norwegian Scandinavian Caledonides: An oceanic arc–back-arc assemblage distinct from the Seve Nappe Complex." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2554(13).
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ABSTRACT The Scandinavian Caledonides have a complex latest Proterozoic–Early Devonian history, but they were finally assembled during the Silurian–Devonian (Scandian orogeny) collision between Baltica and Laurentia. Their dominant structural components are the Lower (Baltican margin), Middle (Baltican and farther outboard), Upper (Iapetan arcs), and Uppermost (Laurentian margin) Allochthons. This study examined the Blåhø Nappe, a complex unit of metamorphosed, intensely deformed igneous and sedimentary rocks assigned to the Middle Allochthon. Metamorphic grades are regionally amphibolite facies, but granulite- and eclogite-facies rocks are locally found. Although most metamorphic ages span a range from Middle Ordovician to Devonian, Blåhø eclogite and other high-pressure rock ages are exclusively Scandian. We analyzed 95 samples of Blåhø Nappe metamorphosed igneous rocks, which were mostly mafic rocks, composed of a minor arc-derived set and a major set transitional between arc and depleted to enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB), a range characteristic of back-arc basins. Historically, the Blåhø Nappe has been assigned to the Seve Nappe Complex, the upper part of the Middle Allochthon as mapped in western Sweden and easternmost Norway. In contrast to the Blåhø Nappe, eclogites and other high-pressure rocks in the Seve Nappe Complex have yielded exclusively pre–Scandian orogeny Cambrian and Ordovician ages. Additionally, post–mid-Proterozoic igneous rocks of the Seve Nappe Complex are overwhelmingly dike swarms that were emplaced during the latest Proterozoic breakup of Rodinia, which have rift and MORB-type chemical signatures rather than arc and back-arc signatures, as has the Blåhø Nappe. We hypothesize that the Blåhø Nappe precursors formed on the upper plate, above a west-directed, late Cambrian to Ordovician subduction zone off the Baltican margin. Subduction of the Baltican margin, and possibly rifted fragments on the lower plate, produced the older Seve Nappe Complex eclogites and thrust the Blåhø and Seve Nappe Complex materials onto Baltica. This left the Blåhø Nappe and Seve Nappe Complex precursors on the lower plate during Scandian subduction and collision with Laurentia, allowing exclusively Scandian eclogite formation in the Blåhø Nappe. The Blåhø Nappe and Seve Nappe Complex thus seem to have distinct origins and should not be correlated with one another.
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Riggs, Nancy, Brian McConnell, and John Graham. "Sedimentary provenance of Silurian basins in western Ireland during Iapetus closure." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2554(16).
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ABSTRACT Three Silurian basin fills, the Llandovery–Wenlock Croagh Patrick and Killary Harbour–Joyce Country successions and the Ludlow–Pridoli Louisburgh–Clare Island succession, overstep the tectonic contacts between elements of the Grampian (Taconic) accretionary history of the Caledonian-Appalachian orogeny in western Ireland. New U-Pb detrital zircon data from lower strata of these Silurian rocks provide insight into basin evolution and paleogeography. The shallow-marine Croagh Patrick succession unconformably overlies the Clew Bay Complex and the northern part of the Ordovician South Mayo Trough. Two samples have zircon populations dominated by Proterozoic grains typical of the Laurentian margin, with few younger grains. Up to 13% of the grains form a cluster at ca. 950–800 Ma, which is younger than known Grenville magmatism on the local Laurentian margin and older than known magmatism from Iapetan rifting; these may be recycled grains from Dalradian strata, derived from distal Tonian intrusions. The Killary Harbour–Joyce Country succession overlies the structural contact between the Lough Nafooey arc and the Connemara Dalradian block and records a transgressive-regressive cycle. Four samples of the Lough Mask Formation show contrasting age spectra. Two samples from east of the Maam Valley fault zone, one each from above Dalradian and Nafooey arc basement, are dominated by Proterozoic grains with ages typical of a Laurentian or Dalradian source, likely in north Mayo. One sample also includes 8% Silurian grains. Two samples from west of the fault overlie Dalradian basement and are dominated by Ordovician grains. Circa 450 Ma ages are younger than any preserved Ordovician rocks in the region and are inferred to represent poorly preserved arc fragments that are exposed in northeastern North America. Cambrian to late Neoproterozoic grains in association with young Ordovician ages suggest derivation from a peri-Gondwanan source in the late stages of Iapetus closure. The Louisburgh–Clare Island succession comprises terrestrial red beds. It unconformably overlies the Clew Bay Complex on Clare Island and is faulted against the Croagh Patrick succession on the mainland. The Strake Banded Formation yielded an age spectrum dominated by Proterozoic Laurentian as well as Ordovician–Silurian ages. Although the basin formed during strike-slip deformation along the Laurentian margin in Ireland and Scotland, sediment provenance is consistent with local Dalradian sources and contemporaneous volcanism. Our results support ideas that Ganderian continental fragments became part of Laurentia prior to the full closure of the Iapetus Ocean.
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McClelland, William C., Justin V. Strauss, Jane A. Gilotti, and Maurice Colpron. "Paleozoic evolution of the northern Laurentian margin: Evaluating links between the Caledonian, Ellesmerian, and Cordilleran orogens." In Laurentia: Turning Points in the Evolution of a Continent. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.1220(30).
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ABSTRACT The passive margins of Laurentia that formed during Neoproterozoic–Cambrian breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia record subsequent histories of contraction and translation. This contribution focuses on the northern margin of Laurentia, where recent geologic and geochronologic data have provided new insight into the evolution of northern North America. The Laurentian margin in East and North-East Greenland records synorogenic sedimentation and deformation associated with the Caledonian orogeny—the Silurian to Devonian continent-continent collision between Baltica and Laurentia that followed closure of the northern tract of the Iapetus Ocean. The timing of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and simultaneous sinistral and dextral strike-slip faulting in North-East Greenland indicates that the Himalayan-style orogen persisted through the Devonian. In contrast, the Franklinian margin further west records sinistral strike-slip translation of allochthonous crustal blocks and arc fragments starting in the Ordovician–Silurian and culminating with the Devonian– Carboniferous Ellesmerian orogeny, the origin of which remains enigmatic. We suggest that Ellesmerian deformation was related to widespread transpression associated with northward motion of Laurentia during Acadian and Neo-Acadian deformation along the Appalachian margin rather than orthogonal ocean basin closure and microcontinent-continent collision. The Pearya terrane and North Slope subterrane of the Arctic Alaska terrane, separated from the Franklinian passive margin by the Petersen Bay fault and Porcupine shear zone, respectively, best preserve the Paleozoic translational and transpressional history of the northern Laurentian margin. These two major structures record a complex history of terrane accretion and translation that defines the Canadian Arctic transform system, which truncated the Caledonian suture to the east and ultimately propagated early Paleozoic subduction to the Cordilleran margin of western Laurentia.
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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Serpentine Plant Assemblages: A Global Overview." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0015.
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Serpentine substrates are found in many parts of the world, but there is considerable variation in the structure, composition, and diversity of the flora they support. To place western North America in a worldwide context, this chapter provides a brief sketch of global patterns in serpentine plant life, drawing on the reviews by Brooks (1987), Baker et al. (1992), and Roberts and Proctor (1992), as well as other sources. Following this is an overview of some of the main physical factors known to cause variation in the vegetation on serpentine both at the regional and local levels. Finally, we discuss what is known about the roles of competition, fire, herbivory, and other ecological processes in shaping plant assemblages on serpentine. The availability of botanical information varies considerably around the world. In most countries where serpentine occurs, it is possible to name at least some of the plant species and vegetation types found on it. But in countries where surveys are incomplete, or where information has not been synthesized at a national or larger level, it is generally not possible to estimate the number of serpentine-endemic taxa or to describe patterns of variation within the serpentine vegetation. Indonesia, Malaysia, the Phillippines, and Brazil are particularly notable as countries with serpentine floras that are potentially rich but in need of more study. With this caveat, however, some of the major global trends can be described based on available knowledge. Flora and vegetation of selected parts of the world are summarized in table 10-1, and global contrasts between the vegetation of serpentine and other soils are summarized in table 10-2. New Caledonia and Cuba lead the world in known serpentine endemic diversity with 900+ species each, >90% of which are also endemics to these islands. Depending on elevation, rainfall, and fire history, the serpentine vegetation on both islands varies from sclerophyllous scrubland that contrasts visibly with the neighboring vegetation, to medium-stature rainforest that is not strikingly different in appearance from the vegetation growing in other soils.
Conference papers on the topic "Structural New Caledonia"
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Guerer, Derya, BÉNÉDICTE Cenki-Tok, Vasileios Chatzaras, Fernando Corfu, Julien Collot, and Pierre Maurizot. "Petrochronological and Structural Constraints on Intra-Oceanic Subduction Initiation from the Metamorphic Sole of the New Caledonia Ophiolite." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.899.
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Djezzar, Sofiane, Aldjia Boualam, Habib Ouadi, Aimen Laalam, Nadia Mouedden, Ahmed Merzoug, and Abderraouf Chemmakh. "Geological Characterization of Lower Devonian Reservoirs in Reggane Basin, Algeria." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210162-ms.
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Abstract In the Reggane basin, the most promising petroleum system is represented by the Lower Devonian, Cambro-Ordovician, and Carboniferous reservoirs. Most of the traps are linked to structures with very complex geometry, generally leaning on reverse faults, under superficial detachment levels. The generation of hydrocarbons took place, in the Paleozoic during the burial period (Upper Devonian-Carboniferous) and probably during the overheating of the Jurassic. The basin architecture is the outcome of a superposition of several tectonic phases from the Caledonian to the Hercynian tectonic events. The main reservoirs are in the North-East part of the basin, namely the Lower Devonian, Ordovician, and Carboniferous. The Gedinnian and the Siegenian are the main reservoirs of the Lower Devonian sequence, with the Emsian as a secondary reservoir. The Carboniferous and Ordovician reservoirs became targets after the discovery of dry gas in the Kahlouche and Anzeglouf areas. The main gas fields in the Reggane basin are Hassi-M’dakane, Feidjet-El-Had, Kahal-Tabalbala, Djebel-Hirane, Kahlouche, Tiouliline, Reggane, Azrafil, and Anzeglouf. The current geometry of the Reggane basin is marked by two major structural axes, resulting from a complex tectonic history. Reggane basin is elongated NW – SE, relatively asymmetric. The southern flank of the basin is characterized by a hallow dip plunging towards the North and affected by rare reverse faults. On the other hand, the northern flank is affected by many faults and folds. These faults arrangement of the various faults that have affected this basin can be broken down into two main sets: NW - SE set: this direction is very important; it all appears along the northern edge of the basin and presents a comparable direction to the Ougarta ridge. A set of submeridian directions: concentrated in the SE part of the basin (eastern periclinal closure constituting the transition zone between the Reggane basin and the Azzel Matti slab). This fault sets form an extension of the major submeridian accidents in the Hoggar shield. Two other directions of less represented the E-W faults forming an accident relay along the edge of the basin with the Ougarta ridge and the NE - SW faults. This study will help to define the quality and extension of the Lower Devonian sandstone reservoirs in the northern part of the Reggane basin, the construction of favorable zone maps for exploration with risk-weighted reservoir spaces, identification, and evaluation of "Tight Gas Reservoir", and trap analysis and petroleum potential the Reggane basin.
Reports on the topic "Structural New Caledonia"
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Barr, S. M., and C. E. White. Field relations, petrology, and structure of Neoproterozoic rocks in the Caledonian Highlands, southern New Brunswick. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210354.
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