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Journal articles on the topic 'Structural Nevada'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

BHATTACHARYYA, TAPAS, and SCOTT R. PATERSON. "Timing and structural expression of the Nevadan orogeny, Sierra Nevada, California: Discussions and reply." Geological Society of America Bulletin 96, no. 10 (1985): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1346:taseot>2.0.co;2.

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2

TOBISCH, OTHMAR T., and RICHARD S. FISKE. "Timing and structural expression of the Nevadan orogeny, Sierra Nevada, California: Discussions and reply." Geological Society of America Bulletin 96, no. 10 (1985): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1348:taseot>2.0.co;2.

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3

SCHWEICKERT, RICHARD A., NICHOLAS L. BOGEN, GARY H. GIRTY, RICHARD E. HANSON, and CHARLES MERGUERIAN. "Timing and structural expression of the Nevadan orogeny, Sierra Nevada, California: Discussions and reply." Geological Society of America Bulletin 96, no. 10 (1985): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1349:taseot>2.0.co;2.

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4

Loulakis, Michael C., and Lauren P. McLaughlin. "Nevada Supreme Court Dismisses Suit against Structural Engineer." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 83, no. 11 (December 2013): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0000726.

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5

Huesca, Margarita, Keely L. Roth, Mariano García, and Susan L. Ustin. "Discrimination of Canopy Structural Types in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Central California." Remote Sensing 11, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091100.

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Accurate information about ecosystem structure and biogeochemical properties is essential to providing better estimates ecosystem functioning. Airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) is the most accurate way to retrieve canopy structure. However, accurately obtaining both biogeochemical traits and structure parameters requires concurrent measurements from imaging spectrometers and LiDARs. Our main objective was to evaluate the use of imaging spectroscopy (IS) to provide vegetation structural information. We developed models to estimate structural variables (i.e., biomass, height, vegetation heterogeneity and clumping) using IS data with a random forests model from three forest ecosystems (i.e., an oak-pine low elevation savanna, a mixed conifer/broadleaf mid-elevation forest, and a high-elevation montane conifer forest) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. We developed and tested general models to estimate the four structural variables with accuracies greater than 75%, for the structurally and ecologically different forest sites, demonstrating their applicability to a diverse range of forest ecosystems. The model R2 for each structural variable was least in the conifer/broadleaf forest than either the low elevation savanna or the montane conifer forest. We then used the structural variables we derived to discriminate site-specific, ecologically meaningful descriptions of canopy structural types (CST). Our CST results demonstrate how IS data can be used to create comprehensive and easily interpretable maps of forest structural types that capture their major structural features and trends across different vegetation types in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The mixed conifer/broadleaf forest and montane conifer forest had the most complex structures, containing six and five CSTs respectively. The identification of CSTs within a site allowed us to better identify the main drivers of structural variability in each ecosystem. CSTs in open savanna were driven mainly by differences in vegetation cover; in the mid-elevation mixed forest, by the combination of biomass and canopy height; and in the montane conifer forest, by vegetation heterogeneity and clumping.

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6

Sebaaly, Peter E., Edgard Hitti, and Dean Weitzel. "Effectiveness of Lime in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1832, no. 1 (January 2003): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1832-05.

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The pavement community has recognized that moisture damage of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) has been a serious problem since the early 1960s. Numerous additives have been evaluated with the objective of reducing the potential of moisture damage in HMA mixtures; lime has been one of the most common ones. The Nevada Department of Transportation has been using lime in HMA mixtures since the mid-1980s. The objective of this research was to quantify the improvements in pavement performance that have been realized through the addition of lime to HMA mixtures. The program evaluated field samples and pavement performance data from untreated and lime-treated pavements. The properties of untreated and lime-treated mixtures from field projects in the southern and northwestern parts of Nevada indicate that lime treatment of Nevada's aggregates significantly improves the moisture resistance of HMA mixtures. The study showed that lime-treated HMA mixtures become significantly more resistant to multiple freeze–thaw cycles than do the untreated mixtures. Long-term pavement performance data indicate that under similar environmental and traffic conditions, the lime-treated mixtures provide better-performing pavements with fewer requirements for maintenance and rehabilitation activities. The analysis of the impact of lime on pavement life indicates that lime treatment extends the performance life of HMA pavements by an average of 3 years. This extension represents an average increase of 38% in the expected pavement life.

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7

Kumar, Ravhi S., Weldu Gabrimicael, and Andrew L. Cornelius. "Materials Research at University of Nevada, Las Vegas." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.386.

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High-pressure studies on thermoelectric materials allow the study of the relationship between structural, elastic, and electronic properties. The High Pressure Science and Engineering Center (HiPSEC) at UNLV performs interdisciplinary research on a wide variety of materials at high pressures. One such system, CrSi2 is an indirect band gap semiconductor that has potential applications in solar cells.

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8

Nordland, Andrew, Alexander Paz, and Alauddin Khan. "Vehicle Miles Traveled Fee System in Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2345, no. 1 (January 2013): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2345-06.

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Several barriers are associated with the implementation and deployment of a vehicle miles traveled (VMT) fee system; these barriers range from technology issues to public acceptance. Technology-related barriers are easier to address compared with public-related barriers. In addition, addressing technological barriers requires explicit consideration of the public's attitudes and preferences in relation to various technological options. Public perceptions of and billing preferences for a VMT fee system in Nevada were studied. A survey questionnaire was developed to capture these perceptions and preferences. A series of discrete choice models—ordered, probit, and logit models—were tested to determine the best model to use for evaluating the results of the survey. Multinomial logit models provided the best explanatory power. Modeling assumptions were tested to ensure adequate results. The model provided several interesting insights about public perceptions and preferences in regard to the VMT system. On the basis of these insights, some policy recommendations are provided.

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9

Vickery, Vernon R. "REVISION OF TIMEMA SCUDDER (PHASMATOPTERA: TIMEMATODEA) INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 4 (August 1993): 657–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125657-4.

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AbstractThe nine species; of Timema Scudder known previously from California, Arizona, and Nevada are redescribed and three new species are added: Timema nakipa from Baja California, Mexico: T. tahoe from Nevada; and T. cristinae from Santa Barbara County, California. Timema nakipa and T. podura Strohecker are the only representatives of Timema known from Mexico. Keys and identification tables are presented for identification of species.

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10

Berger, B. R., J. V. Tingley, and L. J. Drew. "Structural Localization and Origin of Compartmentalized FluidFlow, Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Nevada." Economic Geology 98, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.387.

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11

BODEN, DAVID R. "Eruptive history and structural development of the Toquima caldera complex, central Nevada." Geological Society of America Bulletin 97, no. 1 (1986): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<61:ehasdo>2.0.co;2.

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12

Elison, Mark W., and Robert C. Speed. "Structural development during flysch basin collapse: the fencemaker allochthon, East Range, Nevada." Journal of Structural Geology 11, no. 5 (January 1989): 523–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90085-0.

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13

Picard, M. "Remembering First Oil in Nevada." Earth Sciences History 28, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.28.2.3568120856325474.

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In June 1954 Nevada became the twenty-ninth oil-producing state in the United States (Picard 1955). Interestingly, production was from volcanic rocks from the open-hole interval 6,450 to 6,730 ft (1,966 to 2,051 m) in the Oligocene Garrett Ranch volcanics, an unexpected reservoir in the kind of rocks rarely productive anywhere in the world. The pour-point (65-80° F) and gravity (26-29° API) of the crude were high, similar to oils found in the Eocene Green River Formation of the Uinta Basin, northeast Utah. Cumulative production in the field through September 1978 was 3.3 million barrels of oil. An early estimate of ultimate primary reserves was four million barrels of oil (Bortz and Murray, 1979). The trap is a faulted truncated wedge of Oligocene and Cretaceous-Eocene rocks with a top seal of impermeable valley fill, a bottom seal of Paleozoic rocks, and an east-side seal formed by a basin boundary fault and impermeable Paleozoic rocks. The new field in Railroad Valley of east-central Nevada, finally totaling fourteen producing wells, was called Eagle Springs after the locality and the name of the discovery well drilled by the Shell Oil Company. Twenty-two years after the Eagle Springs discovery a larger oil field, Trap Spring, was discovered by Northwest Exploration Company less than ten miles west of Eagle Springs, in Tertiary ash-flow tuffs. Two hundred dry holes had been drilled in Nevada between the two discoveries. In 1982, six years after the Trap Spring discovery, Amoco Production Company drilled the first well outside of Railroad Valley at Blackburn field on the east side of Pine Valley in Eureka County. Blackburn, a structural trap above a Tertiary low-angle extensional fault, produces from Devonian reservoirs. In 1983, Northwest Production brought in the Grant Canyon field about 10 mi (6 km) south of Eagle Springs. The oil reservoir of Devonian carbonates there is entrapped in a ‘buried-hill’. The discovery in 2004 of the Covenant field in Central Utah, because of similarities to large oil fields in the thrust belt of Wyoming and Utah and some resemblance to the Nevada fields of the Great Basin, ignited a frenzy of leasing which still goes on when land is available. Located along the thrust-belt (hingeline), Covenant produces oil from the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone that apparently originated in the Paleozoic.

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14

Sebaaly, Peter E., Gabriel Bazi, Edgard Hitti, Dean Weitzel, and Sohila Bemanian. "Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling in Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1896, no. 1 (January 2004): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1896-16.

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15

Ferguson, John F., Roger N. Felch, Carlos L. V. Aiken, John S. Oldow, and Holly Dockery. "Models of the Bouguer gravity and geologic structure at Yucca Flat, Nevada." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 2 (February 1988): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442458.

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The Bouguer gravity anomaly at Yucca Flat, Nevada, has been modeled by two different techniques: the Cordell‐Henderson and Parker‐Oldenburg methods. The three‐dimensional model has incorporated known density and structural information where possible. These models predict the structural relief on the Cenozoic‐Paleozoic contact to within 150 m or about 15 percent of the actual depth. The three‐dimensional Parker‐Oldenburg method has been found to be efficient in an application involving a large (9000 sample) data base. Numerical stability was ensured by the application of a consistent regularization (a low‐pass filter tuned to suppress the noise‐dominated portion of the data spectrum) of the downward continuation operator. The use of a single regularizing filter for the entire model is not completely satisfactory due to the oversmoothing of shallow regions of the basin. The model is useful in the delineation of the geologic history of the area. Structural features in the model support the hypothesis that regional stress fields rotated significantly during the Tertiary. Major structural elements of the basin are well defined on the Cenozoic‐Paleozoic interface. The principal basin‐bounding fault is the large‐throw Carpetbag fault on the west. This fault was most active during the earliest phases of subsidence. The Yucca fault is seen to be a much smaller feature in the model presented here. The basin is rotated down to the west, with normal hinge faults on the eastern margin.

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16

Habbouche, Jhony, Elie Y. Hajj, Peter E. Sebaaly, and Nathan E. Morian. "Damage Assessment for ME Rehabilitation Design of Modified Asphalt Pavements: Challenges and Findings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 40 (June 5, 2018): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777090.

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The overall objective of this study was to assess the use of Level 1 analysis for mechanistic-empirical (ME) rehabilitation designs of deteriorated polymer-modified asphalt concrete (AC) pavements in Nevada using the AASHTOWare® Pavement ME software. This research also explored the possible implementation of a hybrid approach for AC damage characterization to overcome the challenges associated with the use of the Witczak model for estimating the undamaged dynamic modulus master curve of the existing AC layer. Two rehabilitation field projects were used as part of this study. The experimental plan involved falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing in the right wheelpath before rehabilitation, analysis of core samples, estimation of an equivalent undamaged dynamic modulus, and estimation of equivalent damaged dynamic modulus from FWD backcalculation. The proposed hybrid approach consisted of conducting laboratory dynamic modulus testing on the collected core samples and estimating an equivalent undamaged dynamic modulus at the same FWD testing temperature and loading frequency. The pre-overlay damage, characterized based on the approach in Pavement ME Design software (i.e., using a Witczak prediction model and backcalculated modulus), showed overly high values that did not match with the collected pre-overlay distress data on either of the rehabilitation projects. Based on the findings from this study, the hybrid approach was recommended for implementation by Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) when designing AC overlay over polymer-modified asphalt pavements in Nevada. Recommendations for user inputs were also provided for future consideration in Pavement ME Design software.

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17

Berger, B. R. "Structural Localization and Origin of Compartmentalized Fluid Flow, Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Nevada." Economic Geology 98, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/98.2.387.

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18

Cheong, Sangwon. "General characteristics and structural evolution of metamorphic goldquartz veins in northwestern Nevada, U.S.A." Geosciences Journal 4, no. 2 (June 2000): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02910133.

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19

Sebaaly, Peter E., Adam J. T. Hand, W. Marty McNamara, Dean Weitzel, and Jon A. Epps. "Field and Laboratory Performance of Superpave Mixtures in Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1891, no. 1 (January 2004): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1891-11.

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20

Gabet, Emmanuel J. "Lithological and structural controls on river profiles and networks in the northern Sierra Nevada (California, USA)." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 3-4 (July 15, 2019): 655–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35128.1.

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Abstract In this study, the strong lithological heterogeneity of the northern Sierra Nevada (California, USA) is exploited to elucidate the role of lithology on river profiles and patterns at the mountain-range scale. The analyses indicate that plutonic, metavolcanic, and quartzite bedrock generally host the steepest river reaches, whereas gentle reaches flow across non-quartzite metasedimentary rocks and fault zones. In addition, the largest immobile boulders are often in the steepest reaches, suggesting that wide joint spacing plays a role in creating steep channels, and a positive relationship between boulder size and hillslope angle highlights the coupling of the hillslope and fluvial systems. With respect to river network configurations, dendritic patterns dominate in the plutonic bedrock, with channels aligned down the slope of the range; in contrast, river reaches in the metamorphic belts are mainly longitudinal and parallel to the structural grain. River profiles and patterns in the northern Sierra Nevada, therefore, bear a strong lithological imprint related to differential erosion. These observations indicate that attempts to infer uplift and tilting of the range based on the gradients and orientations of paleochannel remnants should first account for the effect of bedrock erodibility. Indeed, the differences in gradients of Tertiary paleochannel remnants used to argue for late Cenozoic uplift of the range can be wholly explained by differences in lithology.

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21

Chen, Carl W., Luis E. Gomez, and Lanny J. Lund. "Acidification Potential of Snowpack in Sierra Nevada." Journal of Environmental Engineering 117, no. 4 (July 1991): 472–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1991)117:4(472).

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22

Bogen, Nicholas L., Dennis V. Kent, and Richard A. Schweickert. "Paleomagnetism of Jurassic rocks in the Western Sierra Nevada Metamoprhic Belt and its bearing on the structural evolution of the Sierra Nevada Block." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 90, B6 (May 10, 1985): 4627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb090ib06p04627.

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23

Habbouche, Jhony, Elie Y. Hajj, Murugaiyah Piratheepan, Peter E. Sebaaly, and Nathan E. Morian. "Field Performance and Economic Analysis of Rehabilitated Pavement Sections with Engineered Stress Relief Course Interlayers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (March 24, 2019): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119835801.

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Previous studies showed that the use of a stress relief course asphalt concrete (AC) interlayer (fine-graded asphalt mixture) between an AC overlay and the milled AC surface is a promising technique to mitigate reflective cracking. A performance-based mix design specification for an engineered stress relief course (ESRC) AC interlayer was developed and implemented in Nevada on two field projects. The projects were completed in summer of 2015 and 2016 on a U.S. route (US95, Las Vegas) and a residential road (Hidden Valley, Reno) in Nevada, respectively. The performance evaluation of field-produced mixtures collected during construction showed good stability, and increased resistance to fatigue and reflective cracking that can be attributed to the increased asphalt binder content and the finer aggregate gradation, thus making ESRC a promising technique to mitigate reflective cracking. This was also supported by the distress survey data collected throughout the up-to-date service life of the projects. The pavements with ESRC interlayer showed excellent performance thus far (after 2 to 3 years) when compared with the control sections, as demonstrated with a much lower level of cracking reflected in the AC overlay. A simple life cycle cost analysis was performed based on the observed field distresses from each project. The cost analysis showed that even though the ESRC mixture has a higher initial cost of materials, the agency and user life cycle costs per lane mile are lower and resulted in an average cost saving of 23%. In summary, based on the findings from this study, interlayer AC mixes designed using the presented ESRC performance-based mix design method should be used in Nevada.

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24

Bird, John W. "Equitable Apportionment between Nevada and California." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 117, no. 2 (March 1991): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1991)117:2(253).

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25

Zuza, Andrew V., Charles H. Thorman, Christopher D. Henry, Drew A. Levy, Seth Dee, Sean P. Long, Charles A. Sandberg, and Emmanuel Soignard. "Pulsed Mesozoic Deformation in the Cordilleran Hinterland and Evolution of the Nevadaplano: Insights from the Pequop Mountains, NE Nevada." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8850336.

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Abstract Mesozoic crustal shortening in the North American Cordillera’s hinterland was related to the construction of the Nevadaplano orogenic plateau. Petrologic and geochemical proxies in Cordilleran core complexes suggest substantial Late Cretaceous crustal thickening during plateau construction. In eastern Nevada, geobarometry from the Snake Range and Ruby Mountains-East Humboldt Range-Wood Hills-Pequop Mountains (REWP) core complexes suggests that the ~10–12 km thick Neoproterozoic-Triassic passive-margin sequence was buried to great depths (>30 km) during Mesozoic shortening and was later exhumed to the surface via high-magnitude Cenozoic extension. Deep regional burial is commonly reconciled with structural models involving cryptic thrust sheets, such as the hypothesized Windermere thrust in the REWP. We test the viability of deep thrust burial by examining the least-deformed part of the REWP in the Pequop Mountains. Observations include a compilation of new and published peak temperature estimates (n=60) spanning the Neoproterozoic-Triassic strata, documentation of critical field relationships that constrain deformation style and timing, and new 40Ar/39Ar ages. This evidence refutes models of deep regional thrust burial, including (1) recognition that most contractional structures in the Pequop Mountains formed in the Jurassic, not Cretaceous, and (2) peak temperature constraints and field relationships are inconsistent with deep burial. Jurassic deformation recorded here correlates with coeval structures spanning western Nevada to central Utah, which highlights that Middle-Late Jurassic shortening was significant in the Cordilleran hinterland. These observations challenge commonly held views for the Mesozoic-early Cenozoic evolution of the REWP and Cordilleran hinterland, including the timing of contractional strain, temporal evolution of plateau growth, and initial conditions for high-magnitude Cenozoic extension. The long-standing differences between peak-pressure estimates and field relationships in Nevadan core complexes may reflect tectonic overpressure.

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26

Maurer, Gayle, Sohila Bemanian, and Patty Polish. "Alternative Strategies for Rehabilitation of Low-Volume Roads in Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1989-2, no. 1 (January 2007): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1989-78.

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27

Loria, Luis, Peter E. Sebaaly, and Elie Y. Hajj. "Long-Term Performance of Reflective Cracking Mitigation Techniques in Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2044, no. 1 (January 2008): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2044-10.

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28

Bemanian, Sohila, and Peter Sebaaly. "Cost-Effective Rehabilitation of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement in Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1684, no. 1 (January 1999): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1684-18.

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29

Wernicke, Brian, J. Douglas Walker, and Mark S. Beaufait. "Structural discordance between neogene detachments and frontal sevier thrusts, central Mormon Mountains, southern Nevada." Tectonics 4, no. 2 (February 1985): 213–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc004i002p00213.

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30

HUDEC, MICHAEL R. "Mesozoic structural and metamorphic history of the central Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex, Nevada." Geological Society of America Bulletin 104, no. 9 (September 1992): 1086–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1086:msamho>2.3.co;2.

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31

HACKER, BRADLEY R. "Evolution of the northern Sierra Nevada metamorphic belt: Petrological, structural, and Ar/Ar constraints." Geological Society of America Bulletin 105, no. 5 (May 1993): 637–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0637:eotnsn>2.3.co;2.

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32

Saleeby, Jason, and Zorka Saleeby. "Late Cenozoic structure and tectonics of the southern Sierra Nevada–San Joaquin Basin transition, California." Geosphere 15, no. 4 (June 13, 2019): 1164–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02052.1.

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AbstractThis paper presents a new synthesis for the late Cenozoic tectonic, paleogeographic, and geomorphologic evolution of the southern Sierra Nevada and adjacent eastern San Joaquin Basin. The southern Sierra Nevada and San Joaquin Basin contrast sharply, with the former constituting high-relief basement exposures and the latter constituting a Neogene marine basin with superposed low-relief uplifts actively forming along its margins. Nevertheless, we show that Neogene basinal conditions extended continuously eastward across much of the southern Sierra Nevada, and that during late Neogene–Quaternary time, the intra-Sierran basinal deposits were uplifted and fluvially reworked into the San Joaquin Basin. Early Neogene normal-sense growth faulting was widespread and instrumental in forming sediment accommodation spaces across the entire basinal system. Upon erosion of the intra-Sierran basinal deposits, structural relief that formed on the basement surface by the growth faults emerged as topographic relief. Such “weathered out” fossil fault scarps control much of the modern southern Sierra landscape. This Neogene high-angle fault system followed major Late Cretaceous basement structures that penetrated the crust and that formed in conjunction with partial loss of the region’s underlying mantle lithosphere. This left the region highly prone to surface faulting, volcanism, and surface uplift and/or subsidence transients during subsequent tectonic regimes. The effects of the early Neogene passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction were amplified as a result of the disrupted state of the region’s basement. This entailed widespread high-angle normal faulting, convecting mantle-sourced volcanism, and epeirogenic transients that were instrumental in sediment dispersal, deposition, and reworking patterns. Subsequent phases of epeirogenic deformation forced additional sediment reworking episodes across the southern Sierra Nevada–eastern San Joaquin Basin region during the late Miocene break-off and west tilt of the Sierra Nevada microplate and the Pliocene–Quaternary loss of the region’s residual mantle lithosphere that was left intact from the Late Cretaceous tectonic regime. These late Cenozoic events have left the high local-relief southern Sierra basement denuded of its Neogene basinal cover and emergent immediately adjacent to the eastern San Joaquin Basin and its eastern marginal uplift zone.

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33

Sebaaly, Peter E., Stephen Lani, Sohila Bemanian, and Christopher Cocking. "Flexible Pavement Overlays: The State Experience." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1568, no. 1 (January 1997): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1568-17.

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The design and construction of flexible overlays has become a popular exercise. However, there is not a simple, straightforward, and yet reliable design procedure that the design engineer can implement on a routine basis. The data needed for overlay design are not easily accessible to the design engineer, and yet the accessible data are not fully reliable in most cases. The process by which the design engineers at the Nevada Department of Transportation handle overlay design is presented. The various steps followed and the obstacles that the design engineer encounters in the search for the necessary data and the final design process are described. Major assumptions must be made along the way that could significantly affect the final design. Three case studies are presented. Each project was designed using three different design methods, including the AASHTO nondestructive testing method, the AASHTO condition survey method, and the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) mechanistic overlay design method. All three methods used the same data gathered by the design engineer for each project. The analysis indicates that there is a significant discrepancy between the two AASHTO methods, whereas the NDOT method and the AASHTO condition survey method agreed on one project.

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34

Asch, Theodore H., and Donald S. Sweetkind. "Audiomagnetotelluric characterization of range-front faults, Snake Range, Nevada." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 1 (January 2011): B1—B7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3511358.

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Two controlled-source audio-magnetotelluric (CSAMT) profiles were collected on the eastern flank of the Snake Range in eastern Nevada across geologically complex terrain to investigate the suspected presence of faults along the range front. The location of the range-bounding faults is not easily determined on geologic grounds because of the presence of extensive young sedimentary cover and overall geologic complexity. Characterization of the presence, location, and structural style of the range-front faults is critical to assessment of connectivity of groundwater aquifers near the mountain front and in adjacent alluvial basins. A total of 48 CSAMT soundings were recorded along two lines that were chosen to maximize subsurface geologic information. Two generations of faults were interpreted based on the CSAMT data: an older, low-angle fault that is cut by a younger, more steeply dipping fault. Lack of deep boreholes in the region required that the subsurface interpretation rely on analogy from surface outcrops within and adjacent to the study area. The success of the CSAMT method as applied in this study hinged on near-ideal collection conditions, the relatively high contrast in electrical resistivity provided by the rock types involved, and well-developed geologic conceptual models of the region.

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35

Thornley, John D., Raj V. Siddharthan, Barbara Luke, and J. Mark Salazar. "Investigation and Implications of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Corrosion in Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2186, no. 1 (January 2010): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2186-17.

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Woolhiser, David A., Stuart A. Stothoff, and Gordon W. Wittmeyer. "Channel Infiltration in Solitario Canyon, Yucca Mountain, Nevada." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 5, no. 3 (July 2000): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2000)5:3(240).

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37

Kaufhold, S., G. Färber, R. Dohrmann, K. Ufer, and G. Grathoff. "Zn-rich smectite from the Silver Coin Mine, Nevada, USA." Clay Minerals 50, no. 4 (September 2015): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2015.050.4.01.

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AbstractMore than 100 minerals have been reported from the Silver Coin Mine, Nevada USA; five new minerals have been discovered here, due to the unusual geochemical environment. The present study reports on the investigation of a greenish clayey sample from the Silver Coin Mine. After the separation of a fine fraction to enrich the clay minerals, sauconite, a rare Zn-rich smectite, was found by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and was further characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Zn-rich smectite is accompanied by illite, minor kaolinite/halloysite and traces of gibbsite (as was indicated by the IR spectroscopy). The occurrence indicates an acidic environment probably caused by oxidation of sulfides.The determination of the structural formula, to further characterize the Zn-rich smectite, was difficult because of the multi-clay mineral assembly. However, different SEM-EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) approaches as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-EDX analysis helped to characterize the smectite as Al-rich sauconite with some exchangeable K+.

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38

Yigit, O., E. P. Nelson, M. W. Hitzman, and A. H. Hofstra. "Structural Controls on Carlin-Type Gold Mineralization in the Gold Bar District, Eureka County, Nevada." Economic Geology 98, no. 6 (September 1, 2003): 1173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1173.

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39

Brueckner, Hannes K., Walter S. Snyder, and Marion Boudreau. "Diagenetic controls on the structural evolution of siliceous sediments in the golconda allochthon, Nevada, U.S.A." Journal of Structural Geology 9, no. 4 (January 1987): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(87)90117-9.

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MALDONADO, FLORIAN. "Structural geology of the upper plate of the Bullfrog Hills detachment fault system, southern Nevada." Geological Society of America Bulletin 102, no. 7 (July 1990): 992–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0992:sgotup>2.3.co;2.

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41

Anastasio, David J., Frank J. Pazzaglia, Josep M. Parés, Kenneth P. Kodama, Claudio Berti, James A. Fisher, Alessandro Montanari, and Lorraine K. Carnes. "Application of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics to determine the kinematics of active tectonics: examples from the Betic Cordillera, Spain, and the Northern Apennines, Italy." Solid Earth 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 1125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1125-2021.

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Abstract. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) technique provides an effective way to measure fabrics and, in the process, interpret the kinematics of actively deforming orogens. We collected rock fabric data of alluvial fan sediments surrounding the Sierra Nevada massif, Spain, and a broader range of Cenozoic sediments and rocks across the Northern Apennine foreland, Italy, to explore the deformation fabrics that contribute to the ongoing discussions of orogenic kinematics. The Sierra Nevada is a regional massif in the hinterland of the Betic Cordillera. We recovered nearly identical kinematics regardless of specimen magnetic mineralogy, structural position, crustal depth, or time. The principal elongation axes are NE–SW in agreement with mineral lineations, regional GPS geodesy, and seismicity results. The axes trends are consistent with the convergence history of the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary. In Italy, we measured AMS fabrics of specimens collected along a NE–SW corridor spanning the transition from crustal shortening to extension in the Northern Apennines. Samples have AMS fabrics compatible only with shortening in the Apennine wedge and have locked in penetrative contractional fabrics, even for those samples that were translated into the actively extending domain. In both regions, we found that specimens have a low degree of anisotropy and oblate susceptibility ellipsoids that are consistent with tectonic deformation superposed on compaction fabrics. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the novel ways that AMS can be combined with structural, seismic, and GPS geodetic data to resolve orogenic kinematics in space and time.

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Hansen, R. O., and Laura Suciu. "Multiple-source Euler deconvolution." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 2 (March 2002): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1468613.

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Rapid three-dimensional (3-D) source location methods can be extremely useful in framing a subsurface structural model from gravity or magnetic data. However, existing implementations of Euler deconvolution are limited to a single source in each window. This can be a significant limitation in areas of complex structure. We have generalized the method to the multiple-source case, and implemented the 3-D algorithm. Results from synthetic data and from the Gold Acres mining district in Nevada suggest that the new algorithm can be a useful interpretive tool.

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Wright, James L., and Steven R. Koehler. "North Bullion: Latest gold discovery on the Carlin Trend, Nevada." Interpretation 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): SL27—SL38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0187.1.

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Gold Standard Ventures Corp. highlighted in their 2014 corporate presentation that “North Bullion and Central Bullion were both gravity- and CSAMT-led discoveries.” The North Bullion gold discovery demonstrates the continued effectiveness of geophysics as applied to gold exploration on the Carlin Trend of northeast Nevada. In combination with geologic understanding and target model development, geophysics provides a cost-effective exploration tool to guide exploration drilling. A sustained, incremental program is critical to realizing the full benefit geophysics brings to the exploration effort. In a program spanning five years, 3587 gravity stations and 51.7 line-km of controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT) data have been acquired in a multistage approach. A major structure, called the Bullion Fault Corridor (BFC), hosts two known gold deposits over an 18-km strike length. Gravity, followed up with CSAMT, defines the BFC in detail, as well as hydrothermal alteration products related to the mineralization process. Drill and geologic confirmation is integrated with the geophysics to refine interpretations and adjust ongoing survey design. Application of gravity along the Carlin Trend has been actively used as a structural mapping tool for many years. However, combining the results with CSAMT is a more recent development, particularly along the Carlin Trend.

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Teng, Hualiang (Harry), Xuecai Xu, Xin Li, Valerian Kwigizile, and A. Reed Gibby. "Evaluation of Speed Monitoring Displays for Work Zones in Las Vegas, Nevada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2107, no. 1 (January 2009): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2107-05.

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Teng, Hualiang Harry, Anil Puli, and Yi Grace Qi. "Identification of Influencing Factors of Graffiti Occurrence at Nevada State Highway Bridges and Soundwalls." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 23, no. 4 (December 2017): 05017003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000368.

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46

Kobziar, Leda N., Joe R. McBride, and Scott L. Stephens. "The efficacy of fire and fuels reduction treatments in a Sierra Nevada pine plantation." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 7 (2009): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06097.

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Plantations are the most common means of reforestation following stand-replacing wildfires. As wildfires continue to increase in size and severity as a result of fire suppression or climate change, establishment of plantations will likely also increase. Plantations’ structural characteristics, including dense, uniform spacing and abundant ladder fuels, present significant wildfire hazards. Large-scale fuels reduction techniques may be necessary to reduce potential fire behavior in plantations and to protect surrounding forests. In the present study, four different manipulations aimed at reducing potential fire behavior in a Sierra Nevada pine plantation are compared. The treatments include: mechanical shredding, or mastication, of understorey vegetation and small trees; mastication followed by prescribed fire; fire alone; and controls. Fire behavior modeling shows that mastication is detrimental whereas prescribed fire is effective in reducing potential fire behavior at moderate to extreme weather conditions. Predicted fire behavior was compared with actual values from the prescribed burns in an effort to explore the limitations of fire modeling. Fire behavior predictions were similar to field observations in the more structurally homogeneous stands, but differed greatly where mastication created forest openings and patchy fuels distributions. In contrast to natural stands, the homogeneity of pine plantations make the results of the present work applicable to other regions such as the south-eastern US, where similar fuels reduction techniques are used to increase fire-resistance and stand resilience.

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Paudel, Asha, Michelle Coppoletta, Kyle Merriam, and Scott H. Markwith. "Persistent composition legacy and rapid structural change following successive fires in Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests." Forest Ecology and Management 509 (April 2022): 120079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120079.

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48

Tobisch, Othmar T., Jason B. Saleeby, and Richard S. Fiske. "Structural history of continental volcanic arc rocks, eastern Sierra Nevada, California: A case for extensional tectonics." Tectonics 5, no. 1 (February 1986): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc005i001p00065.

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49

Paterson, Scott R., Othmar T. Tobisch, and Tapas Bhattacharyya. "Regional, structural and strain analyses of terranes in the Western Metamorphic Belt, Central Sierra Nevada, California." Journal of Structural Geology 11, no. 3 (January 1989): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90066-7.

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50

Syed, Imran, Tom Scullion, and Robert B. Randolph. "Tube Suction Test for Evaluating Aggregate Base Materials in Frost- and Moisture-Susceptible Environments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1709, no. 1 (January 2000): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1709-10.

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A simple tube suction test has been developed by the Finnish National Road Administration for evaluating unstabilized granular base material. The test consists of monitoring the capillary rise of moisture within a 150-mm-diameter by 200-mm-high cylinder of compacted aggregate. A probe is used to measure the dielectric constant at the surface of the sample. The dielectric constant is a measure of the free, or unbound, water within the aggregate sample. It is this unbound water that is thought to be directly related to the strength of the material and its ability to withstand repeated freeze-thaw cycling. Measurements of dielectric constants are made over a period of 10 days. The poorest performing materials are those that rapidly reach saturation and exhibit high surface dielectric values. A study was conducted on four marginal aggregates from Alaska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas. These aggregates have been reported to be poor performers in their environments. Each aggregate failed the tube suction test. A mineralogical evaluation was performed to identify the mineral composition of each aggregate and to explain their high affinity for moisture. Subsequently the aggregates were treated with a concentrated liquid stabilizer. Upon treatment the aggregates showed improved performance in the tube suction test. The Alaska, Nevada, and New Mexico aggregates were then used in construction projects. Initial performance reports have been promising. The tube suction test described in this research has the potential to identify moisture-susceptible aggregates and to serve as a guide in selecting the optimal stabilizer type and amount.

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