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Journal articles on the topic 'Structural geometry'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Structural geometry.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

McRobie, Allan. "The geometry of structural equilibrium." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 3 (March 2017): 160759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160759.

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Building on a long tradition from Maxwell, Rankine, Klein and others, this paper puts forward a geometrical description of structural equilibrium which contains a procedure for the graphic analysis of stress resultants within general three-dimensional frames. The method is a natural generalization of Rankine’s reciprocal diagrams for three-dimensional trusses. The vertices and edges of dual abstract 4-polytopes are embedded within dual four-dimensional vector spaces, wherein the oriented area of generalized polygons give all six components (axial and shear forces with torsion and bending moments) of the stress resultants. The relevant quantities may be readily calculated using four-dimensional Clifford algebra. As well as giving access to frame analysis and design, the description resolves a number of long-standing problems with the incompleteness of Rankine’s description of three-dimensional trusses. Examples are given of how the procedure may be applied to structures of engineering interest, including an outline of a two-stage procedure for addressing the equilibrium of loaded gridshell rooves.

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2

Pauly, Mark, Niloy J. Mitra, Johannes Wallner, Helmut Pottmann, and Leonidas J. Guibas. "Discovering structural regularity in 3D geometry." ACM Transactions on Graphics 27, no. 3 (August 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1360612.1360642.

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3

Dela Haije, Tom, Peter Savadjiev, Andrea Fuster, Robert T. Schultz, Ragini Verma, Luc Florack, and Carl-Fredrik Westin. "Structural Connectivity Analysis Using Finsler Geometry." SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 2019): 551–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/18m1209428.

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4

MIKI, Mitsunori, Yoshisada MUROTSU, and Hiroyuki TAGO. "Knowledge-Based Approach to Geometric and Structural Analysis of Variable Geometry Trusses." Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 44, no. 515 (1996): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.44.712.

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5

Gui, Baoling, Dengfa He, Yongsheng Zhang, Yanpeng Sun, Jingyi Huang, and Wenjun Zhang. "Geometry and kinematics of extensional structural wedges." Tectonophysics 699 (March 2017): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.01.013.

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6

Stepanyants, Armen, Patrick R. Hof, and Dmitri B. Chklovskii. "Geometry and Structural Plasticity of Synaptic Connectivity." Neuron 34, no. 2 (April 2002): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00652-9.

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7

McRobie, Allan. "Correction to ‘The geometry of structural equilibrium’." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 170338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170338.

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8

Pushnov, A. S., M. G. Berengarten, A. M. Kagan, and A. S. Ryabushenko. "Helicoid-structural packing with varied stacking geometry." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 80, no. 11 (November 2007): 2005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s107042720711050x.

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9

Ma, Zhenyu, Pingze Zhang, and Jianxun Zhu. "Investigation of the classification and properties of three-dimensional textile fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019889960.

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Three-dimensional textile fabrics are used as the reinforcing phase of the textile structural composites, and their geometry affect the physical and mechanical properties of composites. Based on the curvature and directions of the fiber tows in three-dimensional textile fabrics, four representative geometric units are proposed, namely, the orthogonal geometric unit, the curved geometric unit, the skew geometric unit, and the uniform distribution unit, respectively. Other units are the combinations or derivations of these representative geometric units. The relationship and performance characteristics of these representative geometric units are discussed in section “The relationship of RGUs.” The structural features of three-dimensional textile fabrics are illustrated on the mesoscopic scale, and the models are established to predict the geometric properties. The concepts of fabrics with stable structure, flexible structure, elastoplastic structure, and uniform structure are proposed. The fiber volume fractions and elastic characteristics of different structural fabrics are discussed. The classification of three-dimensional textile fabrics is conducive to investigate the relationship between geometry and property, forming a technical system and providing a theoretical basis for the selection of three-dimensional structural textile composites with different performance.

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10

Li, Zhengning, Ge Chen, Haichen Lyu, Chenwang Yuan, and Frank Ko. "Structural Characterization of Hexagonal Braiding Architecture Aided by 3D Printing." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815308004.

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Hexagonal braiding method has the advantages of high shape compatibility, interlacing density and high volume fraction. Based on hexagonal braiding method, a hexagonal preform was braided. Then, by following the characteristics of repeatability and concentricity of hexagonal braided preform, the printed geometry structure was got in order to understand and optimize geometric structure to make it more compact like the braided geometric structure. Finally, the unit cells were defined with hexagonal prism to analyze the micro-geometric structure of hexagonal braided preform.

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11

Sánchez-Cuenca López, Luis. "Geometría flexible para las estructuras de barras." Informes de la Construcción 45, no. 430 (April 30, 1994): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1994.v45.i430.1140.

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12

Szydłowski, Marek, Orest Hrycyna, and Aleksander Stachowski. "Scalar field cosmology — geometry of dynamics." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 02 (February 2014): 1460012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887814600123.

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We study the Scalar Field Cosmology (SFC) using the geometric language of the phase space. We define and study an ensemble of dynamical systems as a Banach space with a Sobolev metric. The metric in the ensemble is used to measure a distance between different models. We point out the advantages of visualization of dynamics in the phase space. It is investigated the genericity of some class of models in the context of fine tuning of the form of the potential function in the ensemble of SFC. We also study the symmetries of dynamical systems of SFC by searching for their exact solutions. In this context, we stressed the importance of scaling solutions. It is demonstrated that scaling solutions in the phase space are represented by unstable separatrices of the saddle points. Only critical point itself located on two-dimensional stable submanifold can be identified as scaling solution. We have also found a class of potentials of the scalar fields forced by the symmetry of differential equation describing the evolution of the Universe. A class of potentials forced by scaling (homology) symmetries was given. We point out the role of the notion of a structural stability in the context of the problem of indetermination of the potential form of the SFC. We characterize also the class of potentials which reproduces the ΛCDM model, which is known to be structurally stable. We show that the structural stability issue can be effectively used is selection of the scalar field potential function. This enables us to characterize a structurally stable and therefore a generic class of SFC models. We have found a nonempty and dense subset of structurally stable models. We show that these models possess symmetry of homology.

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13

Huang, Can, Yi Zhi Bu, and Qing Hua Zhang. "The Verification of Geometry Control Method for Cable-Stayed Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.992.

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Based on the energy method and beam-element theory, the nonlinear strain are considered, non-stress length and non-stress curvature of element of geometry control method are introducted in the integration process of stain energy. The static equilibrium equation of the geometry control method is established. Take the impacts of structural geometric profile induced by temporary loads and temperature field during the construction procedure are investigated, the correctness of the geometry control method is verified by the numerical simulation analysis.

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14

Aydın, Utkun, and Behiye Ubuz. "Structural model of metacognition and knowledge of geometry." Learning and Individual Differences 20, no. 5 (October 2010): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.06.002.

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15

ADACHI, Taiji, Masao TANAKA, and Yoshihiro TOMITA. "Structural Geometry/Topology Suggested by Bone Adaptation Model." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 8, no. 8 (1995): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.8.399.

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16

Briot⁎, K., C. Benhamou, and C. Roux. "Effect of strontium ranelate on hip structural geometry." Bone 44 (June 2009): S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.250.

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17

Gasser, Deta, Kurt Stüwe, and Harald Fritz. "Internal structural geometry of the Paleozoic of Graz." International Journal of Earth Sciences 99, no. 5 (May 7, 2009): 1067–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-009-0446-0.

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18

Ovid'ko, I. A. "Structural geometry of grain boundaries in icosahedral quasicrystals." Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter 95, no. 3 (September 1994): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01343960.

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19

Ding, Chensen. "Isogeometric independent coefficients method for fast reanalysis of structural modifications." Engineering Computations 37, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 1341–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2019-0121.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide designers/engineers, in engineering structural design and analysis, approaches to freely and accurately modify structures (geometric and/or material), and then quickly provide real-time capability to obtain the numerical solutions of the modified structures (designs). Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an isogeometric independent coefficients (IGA-IC) method for a fast reanalysis of structures with geometric and material modifications. Firstly, the authors seamlessly integrate computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) by capitalizing upon isogeometric analysis (IGA). Hence, the authors can easily modify the structural geometry only by changing the control point positions without tedious transformations between CAE and CAD models; and modify material characters simply based on knots vectors. Besides, more accurate solutions can be obtained because of the high order degree of the spline functions that are used as interpolation functions. Secondly, the authors advance the proposed independent coefficients method within IGA for fast numerical simulation of the modified designs, thereby significantly reducing the enormous time spent in repeatedly numerical evaluations. Findings This proposed scheme is efficient and accurate for modifying the structural geometry by simply changing the control point positions, and material characters by knots vectors. The enormous time spent in repeated full numerical simulations for reanalysis is significantly reduced. Hence, enabling quickly modifying structural geometry and material, and analyzing the modified model for practicality in design stages. Originality/value The authors herein advance and propose the IGA-IC scheme. Where, it provides designers to fasten and simple designs and modify structures (both geometric and material). It then can quickly in real-time obtain numerical solutions of the modified structures. It is a powerful tool in practical engineering design and analysis process for local modification. While this method is an approximation method designed for local modifications, it generally cannot provide an exact numerical solution and its effectiveness for large modification deserves further study.

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20

Fong, Celesta, Aurelia W. Dong, Anita J. Hill, Ben J. Boyd, and Calum J. Drummond. "Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS): a probe for molecular organisation in self-assembled biomimetic systems." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 27 (2015): 17527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01921d.

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Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been shown to be highly sensitive to conformational, structural and microenvironmental transformations arising from subtle geometric changes in molecular geometry in self-assembling biomimetic systems.

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21

Kobryń, Andrzej, and Piotr Stachera. "S-Shaped Transition Curves as an Element of Reverse Curves in Road Design." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 14, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2019-14.454.

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A road designing involves horizontal and vertical alignment. The horizontal geometry is formed by straight and curvilinear sections that are traditionally formed using circular and transition curves (mainly the clothoid). Different geometric systems that are designed using circular and transition curves are between others circular curves with symmetrical or unsymmetrical clothoids, combined curves, oval curves and reverse curves. Designing these systems is quite complex. Therefore, so-called S-shaped transition curves are an alternative to traditional approaches. These curves are known from literature and are modern geometric tools for the shaping of reverse curves. The paper analyses the basic geometric properties of these curves as well as compare to the geometry of the appropriate geometric systems, which are formed with clothoid or using S-shaped transition curves. In addition, a procedure for designing reverse curves using S-shaped transition curves was proposed. Another research topic was the comparison of the analysed reverse curves (created using polynomial transition curves) with traditional curves (created using the clothoid). The results of the studies, despite the noticeable differences in the geometry of the compared components, confirm the practical usefulness of the S-shaped transition curves for designing the geometry of the route.

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22

Romano, M., I. Ehrlich, and N. Gebbeken. "Structural mechanic material damping in fabric reinforced composites: a review." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 88 (November 1, 2017): 12–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7747.

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Purpose: A review regarding the acting mechanisms of structural dynamic material damping in fabric reinforced composites is presented. Design/methodology/approach: Mechanical acting principles identified by different investigations are considered. Aspects of the determination and calculation of structural mechanical material properties of fabric reinforced composites are described. Approaches intending the description and classification of ondulations in fabrics reinforced single layers are demonstrated. Findings: The mesomechanic geometry of fabrics is not considered sufficiently by relatively simple homogenization approaches. Yet, it significantly affects its structural dynamic material properties, especially the dynamic ones. Research limitations/implications: In each case the different damping mechanisms act coupled and occur at the same time. Therefore a separation procedure is required in any case. Practical implications: Against the background of the comparison and remarks of the presented papers a reasonable further procedure is recommended. Thereby, FE-calculations with a parametrical variation of the mesomechanic geometry in order to identify kinematic correlations due to geometric constraints are suggested. Originality/value: The idea of the representation of the geometric conditions in terms of a degree of ondulation is described. Such a non-dimensional specific value representing the intensity of the ondulation would enable the comparability of the results of different kinds of investigations.

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23

Reddy, Rohit G., O. Burak Ozdoganlar, Shiv G. Kapoor, Richard E. DeVor, and Xinyu Liu. "A Stability Solution for the Axial Contour-Turning Process." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 3 (July 11, 2002): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1480415.

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This paper presents an investigation of the stability variations in contour turning process. An equivalent chip-area formulation has been developed, and is used to model the dynamic machining forces. In order to establish a frequency domain solution for stability in the presence of geometric and structural variations along the tool path, the tool path is discretized into a finite number of portions, each of which possess constant geometric and structural properties. The stability solution developed here is capable of accommodating the effects of cutting conditions (axial and radial feed, depth of cut, and spindle speed), tooling geometry (lead angle and corner radius), workpiece geometry (contour tool path) and structural parameters (the mass, stiffness, damping ratio and orientation of the dominant mode). The stability solution is experimentally validated by machining a workpiece with a concave-convex contour combination. The solution has been applied to achieve productivity improvements via spindle speed regulation. A case study that includes contour turning of an aluminum wheel is also presented.

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24

Vonderohe, Alan P. "Geometry of Solar Envelopes." Journal of Surveying Engineering 112, no. 1 (June 1986): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1986)112:1(3).

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25

Zhang, Jun, Benjamin D. Gardner, and Christie G. Enke. "Simple geometry gridless ion mirror." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 11, no. 9 (September 2000): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-0305(00)00146-x.

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26

SEKINE, Hideki, Masaki SATO, and Kyoji SHINTATE. "Global Geometric Optimization of Variable Geometry Trusses of Multiple Units for Maximizing Structural Stiffness." Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 48, no. 553 (2000): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.48.47.

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27

Mikhaylov, Aleksandr, Roman Grubka, Aleksey Lahin, Alexander Nedashkovskiy, and Ahmed Guitouni. "Structural and Technology Support Quality Improvement of Gear Coupling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.3.

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In this work the question of sharing use a thermo-mechanical treatment method and forming spatial tool based on a kinematic method researches gearings, is considered. Also, the method of thermo mechanical treatment a gear couplings teeth, with the receiving a spatial teeth geometry and ensuring required physical- mechanical properties of them, is presented. For implementation of this method, the scheme of the device and the special tool is developed, which allows to fair blanking of spatially modified teeth. The design procedure a teeth tool’s geometric parameters of the line addendum modification are offered.

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28

Nurkenov, O. A., L. K. Abulyaissova, and G. Sh Zhaksybayeva. "Structural and spectral properties of quinolizidine alkaloids: quantum chemical calculations." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb1089.

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Structural and spectroscopic properties of quinolizidine alkaloids lupinine and epilupinine stereoisomers were studied theoretically. The influence of the calculation method and structural change in the molecule on the results of geometry and other properties of compounds was considered. The equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities were obtained by means of density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations with the splitvalence medium-sized 6-31G(d) basis and Dunning’s correlation consistent basis set cc-pVDZ. From the optimized structure of the (+)-lupinine and (+)-epilupinine molecules, geometric parameters were compared with the literature X-ray experimental data. Structural and vibrational parameters for the (-)-lupinine and (-)-epilupinine molecules are predicted by theoretical calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/cc-pVDZ levels of theory. Some physical characteristics for the title compounds, such as total electronic energy, zero-point energy, rotational constants and dipole moments were also defined by DFT methods. The thermodynamic functions of the title compounds were performed at the same theory levels. Stationary points are identified by the solution of the oscillatory problem.

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29

Abdul Muthalib, Amirah Faizah, Ibrahim Baba, Hamid Khaledi, Hapipah Mohd Ali, and Edward R. T. Tiekink. "Structural systematics of RSn(S 2CN R′ R″) 2Cl compounds." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 229, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkr_i-2013-1682.

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Abstract Three new organotin(IV) structures of general formula RSn(S 2CN R′ R″) 2Cl, where R′ ≠ R″, namely MeSn · [S 2CN(Me)(Cy)] 2Cl ( 1), MeSn[S 2CN( i-Pr)(CH 2Ph)] 2Cl ( 2) and PhSn[S 2CN(Et)( i-Pr)] 2Cl ( 3) are described. Each structure features tin in a distorted octahedral geometry defined by a C ClS 4donor set as a result of two chelating dithiocarbamate ligands. In all cases the tin-bound carbon and chloride atoms are cis. The shorter Sn–S bond lengths in 3are correlated with the presence of the relatively more electronegative Sn-bound phenyl substituent. The new structures conform to the structural motif adopted by all other compounds with the formula RSn(S 2CN R′ R″) 2Cl, where R′ = R″, suggesting the unsymmetrical substitution pattern of the dithiocarbamate ligands in the present study does not influence the adoption of this structural motif. The homogeneity in the structural motif notwithstanding, non-systematic variations in geometric parameters are found in these structures indicating an overall influence of crystal packing upon molecular geometry.

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30

Blaga, Adara M., and Mircea Crăşmăreanu. "The Geometry of Product Conjugate Connections." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Mathematics 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10157-012-0026-7.

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Abstract Properties of pairs of product conjugate connections are stated with a special view towards the integrability of the given almost product structure. We define the analogous in product geometry of the structural and the virtual tensors from the Hermitian geometry and express the product conjugate connections in terms of these tensors. Some examples from the geometry of a pair of complementary distributions are discussed and for this case the above structural and virtual tensors are expressed in terms of O’Neill-Gray tensor fields.

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31

Kemiklioğlu, U. "Novel Design and Comparison of Structural and Modal Analyses of Auxetic Geometry versus Honeycomb Geometry." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-4067.

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Abstract Auxetic structures are popular, since they have many applications in defense, textile and sport industries. The advantages of providing comfort and protection to people for the impact energy increase the usability of auxetic structures in these areas. Within the scope of this study, two structures were designed as honeycomb and auxtetic structures with lateral displacements in opposite directions. The auxetic and honeycomb structures were modeled in Ansys software by keeping the boundaries of these two structures close to each other. Structural and modal analysis were applied to these structures and the auxetic structure gave better results in terms of the tensile strength.

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32

Cruzeiro, Ana-Bela, and Paul Malliavin. "Renormalized Differential Geometry on Path Space: Structural Equation, Curvature." Journal of Functional Analysis 139, no. 1 (July 1996): 119–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfan.1996.0081.

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33

Burdet, G., and M. Perrin. "Structural invariance of the Schrödinger equation and chronoprojective geometry." Journal of Mathematical Physics 26, no. 2 (February 1985): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.526657.

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34

Wada, Hirofumi. "Structural mechanics and helical geometry of thin elastic composites." Soft Matter 12, no. 35 (2016): 7386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01090c.

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35

Zhu, W. J., and C. L. Henley. "Effective potentials for 6-coordinated boron: Structural geometry approach." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 51, no. 2 (July 15, 2000): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2000-00522-9.

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36

Laskey, M. A., R. I. Price, B. C. C. Khoo, and A. Prentice. "Proximal femur structural geometry changes during and following lactation." Bone 48, no. 4 (April 2011): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.11.016.

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37

HORSTMANN, M. "Geometry effects on corrosion-fatigue in offshore structural steels." International Journal of Fatigue 17, no. 4 (May 1995): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(95)00007-g.

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38

Alforno, Marco, Fiammetta Venuti, and Alessia Monaco. "The Structural Effects of Micro-Geometry on Masonry Vaults." Nexus Network Journal 22, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 1237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-020-00499-9.

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39

Gibbons, Tom J., Erdem Ozturk, Liangji Xu, and Neil D. Sims. "Chatter avoidance via structural modification of tool-holder geometry." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 150 (March 2020): 103514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2019.103514.

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40

Rafiq, M. Y., and I. A. MacLeod. "Automatic structural component definition from a spatial geometry model." Engineering Structures 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(88)90014-4.

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41

Cheng, Jung-Ho. "Adaptive grid optimization for structural analysis—Geometry-based approach." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 107, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(93)90166-u.

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42

Upadhayay, Aman, and Dr Savita Maru. "A review of the fractal geometry in structural elements." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 8, no. 7 (2021): 028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.87.3.

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43

Melník, Milan, and Marian Koman. "Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylates in monomeric iron complexes – structural aspects." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 40, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2019-0017.

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AbstractThis review includes 70 monomeric high-spin complexes of the following general compositions: [Fe(II)(η3-pdc)(L)3], [Fe(III)(η3-pdc)(L)3]+, [Fe(II)(η3-pdc)2]2− and [Fe(III)(η3-pdc)2]− (pdc = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (−2)). Each Fe(II) atom has a distorted octahedral geometry. The Fe(III) atoms have a distorted octahedral geometry (most common) and in some examples have a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry. The chelating donor ligands create varieties of n-membered metallocyclic rings: ONO, OCO, NC2N, OC2N, OC2NO and OC3O. Some cooperative effects between Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes were found and discussed. There are complexes that are examples of distortion isomerism.

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44

Bryant, Steven, and Sue Raikes. "Prediction of elastic‐wave velocities in sandstones using structural models." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 2 (March 1995): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443781.

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Elastic‐wave propagation in fluid‐saturated sandstones depends upon two sets of rock features: (1) the volume fractions and elastic constants of the rock constituents (quartz, clay, water, etc.) and (2) microstructural geometry (grain contacts, pore aspect ratios). While the former data are usually obtainable, the latter are relatively inaccessible. We present a new method for determining microstructural data using idealized but physically representative models of sandstone. The key to the method is the simulation of certain depositional and diagenetic processes in a manner that completely specifies the geometry of the resulting models. Hence, the geometric features of the grain space and void space required for various theories of elastic propagation can be calculated directly from the models. We find good agreement between predictions and measurements of compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities in both clean and clay‐bearing saturated sandstones. In contrast with previous efforts at predicting velocities, we use no adjustable parameters and require no additional measurements on samples, such as dry velocities or analysis of thin‐section images. The results suggest that it is feasible to predict elastic velocities directly from geological models in the absence of rock samples.

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45

Wester, Ture. "3-D Form And Force Language Proposal For A Structural Basis." International Journal of Space Structures 11, no. 1-2 (April 1996): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119601-227.

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The usually declared archetype for structural behaviour is the lattice (bar-and-node) structure. It is true that structural manifestations in general - with great clarity - may be reduced to the two interconnected structural nuclei, the pin-jointed bar and the hinged node. The relation to the geometrical archetypes, the five regular Platonic polyhedra, is obviously unsatisfactory, as only the three triangulated polyhedra have particular structural qualities in being kinematically stable. The two remaining, the cube and the dodecahedron, are unclear and usually considered as structurally inferior or incomplete. This “Fullerian cosmology” – as it may be called – has dominated basic structural understanding for many years. The structural dual to the lattice type, the plate structure, which fits perfectly with the geometrical plane-to-point duality, not only at the level of topology and kinematic stability, but also at the level of metric geometry, magnitude of forces and elastic properties, is rarely taken into consideration. This structural duality, which was discovered around 20 years ago, has mostly been used to describe the particular qualities of the plate structure and not for its unifying qualities with the lattice structure, creating an entirety at the archetypical level of 3-D structures. This quality forms the basis for some simple unique correlations betwen geometry and structural mechanics, but it also implies that the usual basic hierarchy of 3-D geometry has to be altered accordingly. The paper will discuss some of the possibilities of creating a Form-and-Force Language on this basis.

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Brown, Dennis, Jeroen van Gool, Tom Calon, and Toby Rivers. "The geometric and kinematic development of the Emma Lake thrust stack, Grenville Front, southwestern Labrador." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-012.

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The Emma Lake thrust stack is a duplex structure consisting of basement-cored fold nappes with thrust-through overturned limbs developed in greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks. Geometric relationships between fold nappes and thrust surfaces indicate both regular-sequence and out-of-sequence thrusting occurred during development of the thrust stack. Microstructural analysis shows that regular-sequence thrusts developed under ductile conditions, whereas out-of-sequence thrusts developed in a brittle–ductile field.The structural geometry and metamorphic grade of the Emma Lake thrust stack indicate that it developed under ductile conditions at upper midcrustal levels. The geometry of the Emma Lake thrust stack suggests that structural styles common to higher level fold and thrust belts may be traced into deeper levels of the crust.

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Błazik-Borowa, E., A. Borowa, B. Kawecki, M. Kotowicz, and A. Robak. "Geodesic inventory of scaffolding geometry." Engineering Structures 196 (October 2019): 109360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109360.

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Yang, J., L. X. Yu, M. Y. Rennie, J. G. Sled, and R. M. Henkelman. "Comparative structural and hemodynamic analysis of vascular trees." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 298, no. 4 (April 2010): H1249—H1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00363.2009.

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The availability of detailed three-dimensional images of vascular trees from mammalian organs provides a wealth of essential data for understanding the processes and mechanisms of vascular patterning. Using this detailed geometric data requires the ability to compare individual representations of vascular trees in statistically meaningful ways. This article provides some comparisons of geometry and also of simulated hemodynamics, enabling the identification of similarities and differences among 10 individual specimens (5 placenta specimens and 5 lung specimens). Similar comparisons made with a series of models (starting with the simplest and increasing in complexity) enable the identification of essential features that are needed to account for the patterns and function of vascular arborization.

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Chen, Shu Lin, Fang Fang Yu, Guo Lei Zheng, Bao Rui Du, and Hong Zhen Chu. "Machining Feature Sequencing for Aircraft Structural Parts." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.361.

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To improve quality and efficiency of NC machining sequencing, an approach to order the machining features of aircraft structural parts is introduced in accordance with the principle of hierarchical planning, knowledge and geometry-based reasoning method. The main contents consist of: (1) Machining cell and its geometric descriptions are established, and the method for decomposing generalized pocket (GP) into machining cells is proposed. (2) Based on the GP relationship tree, data model and algorithm for generating machining chain are presented. (3) Machining process segmenting, feature grouping and sequencing rules are formulated by communicating with related experts. (4) Priority graph and relationship matrix of features are applied to describe the machining precedence. The developed approach has been applied in Intelligent NC Programming System of Aircraft Structural Parts and is validated through a case study.

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López-García, Patricia, Melis Goktas, Ana E. Bergues-Pupo, Beate Koksch, Daniel Varón Silva, and Kerstin G. Blank. "Structural determinants of coiled coil mechanics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 18 (2019): 9145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00665f.

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In shear geometry, the sequence–structure–mechanics relationship of rationally designed coiled coil heterodimers is determined by the helix propensity of the individual helices and the packing density at the hydrophobic core.

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