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Journal articles on the topic 'Structural Engg'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Liang, Dong, Bingkui Chen, Chengli Hua, and Ruijin Liao. "Retraction notice to Generation and analysis of gear drive with tubular tooth surfaces having double contact points Arc. Civ. Mech. Engg. 17 (2017) 318–325." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (March 2019): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2018.12.001.

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CHAN, CHING-CHAO, CHOU-CHING K. LIN, and MING-SHAUNG JU. "ESTIMATION OF ANKLE JOINT ANGLE FROM PERONEAL AND TIBIAL ELECTRONEUROGRAMS — A MUSCLE SPINDLE MODEL APPROACH." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 04 (September 2012): 1250080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412005046.

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This study develops a method for estimating the angle of a passively stretched ankle joint from electroneurograms (ENGs) based on structural muscle spindle models of the tibial and peroneal nerves. Passive ramp-and-hold and alternating stretches of the ankle joint are performed on an anesthetized rabbit. Two cuff electrodes are employed to measure the ENGs of peroneal and tibial nerves simultaneously. From the two ENG signals and the joint angle trajectory, two intrafusal muscle fiber models are constructed and their inverse models are derived. The results of the two models are combined to generate the final angle estimate. An optimization method, called sequential quadratic programming, is employed to find the model parameters that minimize the squared errors between the ankle angles predicted by the model and the measured ankle angles. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with those of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and an artificial neural network model. The results reveal that the proposed model has the best performance in estimating the ankle joint angle in large-range movements and the smallest tracing error. The proposed method effectively estimates the passive ankle joint angle using the inverse physiological model of an intrafusal muscle fiber.

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3

Ruol, Piero, Luca Martinelli, and Paolo Pezzutto. "LIMITS OF THE NEW TRANSMISSION FORMULA FOR PI-TYPE FLOATING BREAKWATERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.47.

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The aim of this work is to assess, by means of available experimental results and numerical simulations, the possible extension of the range of application of the formula proposed by Ruol et al. (J. Wat. Port, Coast. Ocean Eng., 1, 2013), giving wave transmission for chain-moored -type floating breakwaters. The formula is here applied out of the range used for its calibration and even to other types of FBs. The error between predicted and measured values is described and discussed with reference to the main geometrical variables. It appears that the formula performs fairly well for the box-type FB, but not in cases characterized by very different mooring stiffness compared to the one used for calibration. For instance in case of fixed or tethered FBs, the formula significantly overestimates the wave transmission.

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dos Santos Dias, Lucas, Hannah E. Dobson, Brock Kingstad Bakke, Gregory C. Kujoth, Junfeng Huang, Elaine M. Kohn, Cleison Ledesma Taira, et al. "Structural basis of Blastomyces Endoglucanase-2 adjuvancy in anti-fungal and -viral immunity." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e1009324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009324.

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The development of safe subunit vaccines requires adjuvants that augment immunogenicity of non-replicating protein-based antigens. Current vaccines against infectious diseases preferentially induce protective antibodies driven by adjuvants such as alum. However, the contribution of antibody to host defense is limited for certain classes of infectious diseases such as fungi, whereas animal studies and clinical observations implicate cellular immunity as an essential component of the resolution of fungal pathogens. Here, we decipher the structural bases of a newly identified glycoprotein ligand of Dectin-2 with potent adjuvancy, Blastomyces endoglucanase-2 (Bl-Eng2). We also pinpoint the developmental steps of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T responses augmented by Bl-Eng2 including expansion, differentiation and tissue residency. Dectin-2 ligation led to successful systemic and mucosal vaccination against invasive fungal infection and Influenza A infection, respectively. O-linked glycans on Bl-Eng2 applied at the skin and respiratory mucosa greatly augment vaccine subunit- induced protective immunity against lethal influenza and fungal pulmonary challenge.

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Dilek, Hasan, and Ali Sadeghpour. "A Comparison of Different Linear and Non-linear Structural Analysis Methods." ENG Transactions 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/engt.3.2208102112805.

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6

Han, Kyoung-Bong. "Structural Reanalysis of Dynamic Systems Using Model Updating Method." Engineering 03, no. 10 (2011): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.310122.

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Nugroho Soebandrija, Khristian Edi, Allen Pranata Kusuma, and Ririn Antika Hayanto. "Performance Excellence in Business: Perspectives of Industrial and Systems Engineering Using Fuzzy ServQual and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5874.

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First, as background of this paper, PT. Angkasa Pura II as part of Soekarno Hatta International Airport (SHIA) management in Indonesia, has been preparing for Asean Economic Community (AEC) 2015. The objective of this paper is to assess airport performance through evidences that Industrial and System Engineering (SYS Eng) influences mentioned Performance (PER Frm). Second, the method utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through interviews, questionnaires, and statistical method as its exposition about SYS Eng that influences Performance. Third, the Result in SEM, represents Validity Test of Indicator, Reliability Test, and Level of Suitability Model. Fourth, as Conclusion, SYS Eng influences Performance of 0.81 Level. That influence level is acceptable level and proven by results of SEM Model by its Variables of SE and Performa; Constructs and Questionnaires. Those results are beneficial for SHIA and larger audience as benchmark and future research. Thus, this paper achieves its objectives to assess airport performance.

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8

Lakho, Nawab Ali, and Muhammad Auchar Zardari. "Structural Properties of Baked Clay Bricks Fired with Alternate Fuels." Engineering 08, no. 10 (2016): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.810061.

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9

Yang, Changmin, Xia Zhao, Yanfang Yao, and Zhongqiang Zhang. "Application of Fractal Theory in Brick-Concrete Structural Health Monitoring." Engineering 08, no. 09 (2016): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.89058.

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10

Lakshmanan, Vinoth-Kumar, Byoungkwon Kim, Shreesh Ojha, Ahmed M. Al-Abd, Myung Geun Shin, and Young Do Jung. "Preparation and characterization of an elastin nanogel with enhanced biocompatibility and improved entrapment efficiency in prostate cancer cells." Materials Express 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1879.

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Nanogels represent an emerging class of drug delivery systems with enhanced renal clearance and serum half-life. However, synthetic polymeric nanogels are immunogenic and less biodegradable than other systems. Protein nanogels, being non-immunogenic; biodegradable; biocompatible; and mechanically, spatially, and temporally tunable, are gaining widespread attention. Elastin, a natural structural component of connective tissue, has enhanced vascular mobility and is highly biodegradable, biocompatible, temperature and pH sensitive, inert in the bloodstream, able to self-assemble, and able to permeate the blood-brain-barrier. In this study, the development of an Elastin Nanogel (ENG) and its functional capacity as a next generation injectable nano-drug carrier was studied. ENG was prepared via an inverse mini-emulsion technique and was characterized and found to be stable at room temperature and cytocompatible with five different prostate cancer cell lines of varied etiologies. Rhodamine-loaded ENG showed enhanced cellular uptake. Blood smear, hemolysis, CBC, PT/APTT, and C3a complement activation assays showed that ENG is vascular tissue compatible and hence meets the objectives of injectable nanogels. The formulated ENG can be efficiently used as an injectable nano-drug carrier for cancer therapy. Moreover, ENG has the potential to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs for targeted drug delivery.

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11

Yang, Wenwei, and Qili Yang. "Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Light Steel Residential Structural System." Engineering 09, no. 06 (2017): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2017.96037.

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12

Koungang, Bernard Morino Ganou, Dieunedort Ndapeu, Gilbert Tchemou, Paul William Huisken Mejouyo, Bernard Wenga Ntcheping, Josepha Tendo Foba, Luc Courard, and Ebenezer Njeugna. "Physical, Water Diffusion and Micro-Structural Analysis of “Canarium Schweinfurthii Engl”." Materials Sciences and Applications 11, no. 09 (2020): 626–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2020.119042.

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13

Rajasri, I., AVSSKS Gupta, and YVD Rao. "Influence of Structural Aspects on the Generation Process in Planetary Gear Trains." Engineering 03, no. 10 (2011): 1018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.310126.

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14

Gourinat, Yves, Laura Christon, and Frédéric Lachaud. "Structural Dynamics in Biology: A Bridge Given by Implicit Vibratory Crossed Models." Engineering 13, no. 05 (2021): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2021.135018.

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15

Silva, Evandro Pereira da, Fábio Moreira da Silva, and Ricardo Rodrigues Magalhães. "Application of Finite Elements Method for Structural Analysis in a Coffee Harvester." Engineering 06, no. 03 (2014): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2014.63017.

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Beshr, Ashraf Abd El-Wanis. "Structural Deformation Monitoring and Analysis of Highway Bridge Using Accurate Geodetic Techniques." Engineering 07, no. 08 (2015): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2015.78045.

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17

Akeke, Godwin A. "Optimization of the Structural Properties of RHA-Concrete Using Osadebe’s Mathematical Program." Engineering 15, no. 07 (2023): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2023.157034.

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18

BERRAIS, ABBES. "Artificial Neural Networks in Structural Engineering: Concept and Applications." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences 12, no. 1 (1999): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.12-1.4.

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19

SASMAL, Saptarshi, and K. RAMANJANEYULU. "Detection and Quantification of Structural Damage of a Beam-Like Structure Using Natural Frequencies." Engineering 01, no. 03 (2009): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2009.13020.

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20

Zhao, Zaili, Jinsheng Xiao, Ying Wu, Xiaojun Zhang, and Zhiming Wang. "Structural Analysis and Optimal Design for Water Tube Panel in an Alkali Recovery Boiler." Engineering 02, no. 05 (2010): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2010.25046.

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21

Ippolitova, E. G., T. K. Verkhozina, and Z. V. Koshkareva. "Significance of EMG and ENMG in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Degenerative-Dystrophic Diseases of the Spine (Literature Review)." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 3, no. 6 (January 5, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2018-3.6.8.

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The article presents the review of domestic and foreign literature on the use of neurophysiological diagnostic methods – electroneuromyography (ENMG) and electromyography (EMG) in degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. The ENMG method is of great importance for theoretical neurology, obtaining new data on the structural and functional organization of the central and peripheral nervous system in the process of individual development. Electromyography as a diagnostic method studies the electrical activity of the peripheral apparatus of the nervous system. With these methods we directly evaluate both voluntary bioelectric activity of muscles at rest and during their activation (EMG), and caused by stimulation (ENMG). Most authors believe that modifications of stimulation electromyography are objective diagnostic methods that allow to assess the functional state of the peripheral nervous system. Interesting is the fact that changes in EMG and ENMG parameters for osteochondrosis of the spine are recorded even in the absence of external manifestations of the disease. At the same time, for patients with myofascial syndrome in lumbar osteochondrosis, a bilateral decrease in the direct and reflex excitability of motoneurons is characteristic, a slowing down of the pulse along the arc of the H-reflex on the side of the pain and a two-sided local acceleration of the pulse on the distal part of the efferent part of the H-reflex arc from the popliteal pits to soleus muscle. Noteworthy is the fact that the pathological process in the nervous tissue according to ENMG in patients with osteochondrosis of the spine with unilateral radicular syndromes is bilateral. The work of our clinic has shown that diagnostic electroneuromyography can be considered as a medical procedure – electropuncture, according to its results, tactics of both surgical and conservative treatment can be determined. Data of EMG and EMG, carried out after the end of any of the listed types of treatment, serve as an objective control of their effectiveness.

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22

Prabowo, Aditya Rio, Hyun Jin Cho, Seung Geon Lee, Seung Jun Baek, Jung Hoon Byeon, Dong Myung Bae, Jung Min Sohn, and Bangun IR Harsritanto. "Evaluating structural crashworthiness and progressive failure of double hull tanker under accidental grounding: bottom raking case." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (July 27, 2018): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0024.

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Abstract Remarkable consequences of maritime accident can be various, including structural damage, loss of life and marine pollution. During an accidental phenomenon, such as ship grounding, the amount of oil spillage indicates casualties’ extent of surrounding sea water. Effort to provide protection for sea environment against such event has been conducted actively by developing navigational instruments, and passively using structural development and assessment. The accidental grounding is, however, a very complicated process with high sensitivity to given factors during its occurrence. Variety in ship type, location, obstruction etc. affected by advance improvement in naval technology, invites sustainable analysis for structural crashworthiness and failure to produce evaluation data. This work aims to perform an assessment on double hull tanker subjected accidental grounding with oceanic seabed as the obstruction. Fundamental concept of bottom raking is used to design grounding scenario using numerical experiment. Non-Linear Finite Element Method (NLFEM) is deployed to idealise tanker structure and obstruction geometry. The selected crashworthiness criteria in grounding are summarised to provide structural prediction in moment double hull members are experiencing crushing process. Influence of geometrical parameters’ variation to progressive failure is presented with contribution of double bottom members to structural behaviour in final part. Result data of the current work can be a reasonable reference to understanding double bottom performance in grounding, especially in raking case. Insight of such accidental phenomenon is very useful in further effort to minimise grounding consequences.

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23

Al-Dikheeli, Mohammed Riyadh, Hasanein M. Thaib, and Layth AbdulRasool Alasadi. "Mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete using artificial clay aggregate." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0019.

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Abstract This work intends to make structural lightweight aggregate concrete by using artificial expanded clay aggregate with different replacement levels from normal coarse aggregate and improve it with a high-performance superplasticizer to increase its strength. The mechanical characteristics covered in the present work were compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength in addition to freezing and thawing resistance. Different densities were found for all mixes ranging between normal and lightweight concrete and that depends on the replacement of normal aggregate with lightweight aggregates. Mixes with replacement exceeding 25% give compressive strength less than 17 MPa and cannot be regarded as structural lightweight concrete. Modified mixes give higher values of mechanical properties, and also some non-structural lightweight concrete mixes were improved to structural lightweight concrete by using PC-superplasticizer in this study. The research also includes freezing and thawing cycles on reference mixes and lightweight mixes. Lightweight mixes give high durability against freeze-thaw cycles where the reduction in compressive strength was 6.2, 4.6, and 5.5% for 10% rep, 15% rep, and 20% rep mixes, respectively, compared with 32.2% reduction for reference mix.

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24

Schmid, Joachim, and Andrea Frangi. "Structural Timber In Compartment Fires – The Timber Charring and Heat Storage Model." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0043.

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Abstract The influence of exposed timber surfaces on compartment fires has been well documented in various studies in recent decades. Yet available design concepts still typically neglect the influence of an additional fire load from linear structural timber elements such as beams and columns. As rules for large shares of exposed timber surfaces, e.g. by panels, are rare, authorities and fire safety engineers demand often mock-up compartment fire experiments to estimate the fire safety of a particular design. Such experiments, however, are costly, time consuming, and give limited insights into the potential fire scenarios and may fail to represent properly the fundamental effects arising from exposed structural timber elements in a fire. An approach to overcome these existing limitations is presented, which is able to estimate the contributions from structural timber to a fire from its fully developed- and decay phase until burnout. The model input is developed from an experimental campaign where the relevant effects of fire exposed structural timber could be isolated and measured. It was found that the energy stored in the char layer is a key characteristic for describing the fire dynamics of compartment fires with exposed structural timber. Consequently, the proposed approach describes a framework for the Timber Charring and Heat storage, the TiCHS-model. The validation of the model is shown in this paper by means of existing compartment experiments. A current limitation is the bond line integrity of the fire exposed components as the combustion characteristics of failed char pieces on the floor are currently unknown.

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25

Mohan, Turup Pandurangan, and Krishnan Kanny. "Using Image Analysis for Structural and Mechanical Cha-racterization of Nanoclay Reinforced Polypropylene Com-posites." Engineering 02, no. 10 (2010): 802–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2010.210103.

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Luo, Suhuai, Xuechen Li, and Jiaming Li. "Improvement of Liver Segmentation by Combining High Order Statistical Texture Features with Anatomical Structural Features." Engineering 05, no. 05 (2013): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.55b014.

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27

Kim, Hee Seok, Young Jin Kim, Won Jong Chin, and Hyejin Yoon. "Development of Optimal Structural System for Hybrid Cable-Stayed Bridges Using Ultra High Performance Concrete." Engineering 05, no. 09 (2013): 720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.59086.

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28

Nosov, A. E., E. M. Vlasova, A. S. Baidina, and O. Yu Ustinova. "Structural peculiarities of metabolic syndrome in workers employed at oil extracting enterprise." Health Risk Analysis, no. 2 (June 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.2.07.eng.

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29

Okafor, Ignatius C., Ronald J. O’Malley, Kaushal R. Prayakarao, and Heshmat A. Aglan. "Effect of Zinc Galvanization on the Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Low and Medium Carbon Structural Steels." Engineering 05, no. 08 (2013): 656–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.58079.

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30

Latifi, Hadi, Yi Min Xie, Xiaodong Huang, and Mehmet Bilgen. "Computational Simulations of Bone Remodeling under Natural Mechanical Loading or Muscle Malfunction Using Evolutionary Structural Optimization Method." Engineering 06, no. 03 (2014): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2014.63015.

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31

Fu, Bingmei M., and Shang Shen. "Structural mechanisms of acute VEGF effect on microvessel permeability." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): H2124—H2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00894.2002.

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To investigate the ultrastructural mechanisms of acute microvessel hyperpermeability by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we combined a mathematical model ( J Biomech Eng 116: 502–513, 1994) with experimental data of the effect of VEGF on microvessel hydraulic conductivity ( L p) and permeability of various-sized solutes. We examined the effect of VEGF on microvessel permeability to a small solute (sodium fluorescein, Stokes radius 0.45 nm), an intermediate solute (α-lactalbumin, Stokes radius 2.01 nm), and a large solute [albumin (BSA), Stokes radius 3.5 nm]. Exposure to 1 nM VEGF transiently increased apparent permeability to 2.3, 3.3, and 6.2 times their baseline values for sodium fluorescein, α-lactalbumin, and BSA, respectively, within 30 s, and all returned to control within 2 min. On the basis of L p (DO Bates and FE Curry. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 271: H2520–H2528, 1996) and permeability data, the prediction from the model suggested that the most likely structural changes in the interendothelial cleft induced by VEGF would be a ∼2.5-fold increase in its opening width and partial degradation of the surface glycocalyx.

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32

Jiao, Yijuan, Mou Leong Tan, and Fei Zhang. "Factors Influencing the Roles of Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (ENGOs) on Environmental Bargaining in Yunnan, China." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 4236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054236.

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Environmental pollution has become a serious problem in China due to the development of industrialization and urbanization since the reform policies and opening of the economy. Nowadays, ENGOs function as a third party for environmental protection through various awareness and bargaining activities. This study aims to analyze the role of ENGOs in environmental bargaining (EB) and the influencing factors by combining the EB theories. A structural equation model of ENGOs participation in EB was established to compare the role of ENGOs in bargaining the “Kunming PX incident” and the “Nujiang dam incident” in Yunnan, China. The findings show that complex powers and interests play a vital role during EB. The relationship network, media, and human resources are among the most significant factors influencing the role of ENGO out of all the other factors such as funding, openness, knowledge, scale and experience. The strength of ENGO relationship network is crucial for solving environmental problems. This study also suggests that in order for ENGOs to effectively engage in EB, they should be placed in the proper context in the negotiating process. It is necessary to set up efficient public involvement platforms and processes for effective EB.

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33

Vizcaíno, Pablo, Cintia Paola Fagundez, and Abraham David Banchik. "Hydrogen Pick up in Zircaloy-4: Effects in the Dimensional Stability of Structural Components under Nuclear Reactor Operating Conditions." Engineering 02, no. 08 (2010): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2010.28073.

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34

Lozano-Muniz, Susana, and Maria del Carmen Urzua-Hernandez. "Structural Bioinformatics of Protein & DNA, as Early Stimulation in Basic Education of Rural and Indigenous Communities of Oaxaca." Engineering 05, no. 10 (2013): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.510b053.

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35

Zhang, Xin. "Numerical Simulation Study on the Detection of Weak Structural Plane of Rock Slope by Using 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography." Engineering 08, no. 07 (2016): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.87041.

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36

Radziejowska, Aleksandra, Joanna Sagan, and Anna Sobotka. "Technological and organizational problems in the construction of the radiation shielding concrete and suggestions to solve: A case study." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0082.

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Abstract Protection of buildings against the pernicious radiation types can be achieved by simultaneous structural and shielding parameters. Those shields are mainly made of heavyweight concrete, which causes many serious problems in the areas of technology, supply logistics, financial supply, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, and substitutions of structural and material solutions. This work presents a case study of the construction of the university building with rooms requiring protection against malicious radiations. Apart from that, it presents the problems and solutions that occurred during the construction from the perspective of the works contractor. This study was also expanded to include the analysis of alternatives for construction-materials. The obtained results were used to develop a generalized scheme, which will be helpful in the preparation and implementation of any facilities requiring fixed radiation shields.

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37

Jutman, A., and R. Ubar. "APPLICATION OF STRUCTURALLY SYNTHESIZED BINARY DECISION DIAGRAMS FOR TIMING SIMULATION OF DIGITAL CIRCUITS." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Engineering 7, no. 4 (2001): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eng.2001.4.03.

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38

Shabbar, Rana, Ali A. Al-Tameemi, and Athraa M. J. Alhassani. "The effect of expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) on the physical and mechanical properties of aerated concrete." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0020.

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Abstract There is a significant challenge to developing the strength and durability of the aerated concrete (AC) for structural applications, but to date, no researchers have focussed on the effect of expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) on the AC properties. EPS-AC consists of cement, sand, water and aluminium powder with commercially available spherical small, hollow and impermeable polystyrene beads. In this research, different contents of EPS from 0 to 4% by cement weight were added to create the AC with different densities. It is revealed that the greatest enhancements in the properties of EPS-AC were noticed when the EPS volume fraction was increased to 4%. The compressive, flexural strength and modulus of rupture were enhanced by 48, 37 and 125% respectively, whereas the density was raised slightly. Moreover, it was shown that all EPS-AC mixes could satisfy the requirements of structural lightweight concrete.

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39

Budziński, Rafał, and Lucjan Ślęczka. "Behaviour of steel sheeting connections with self-drilling screws under variable loading." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0058.

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AbstractConnections made by self-drilling screws are often used in steel cold-formed structures and sheeting. Their structural properties, such as resistance, flexibility and ductility are obtained by testing under monotonically increasing loading and can influence on overall behaviour of structures. This paper presents results of experimental study how variable load deteriorates those structural properties of lap shear connections with self-drilling screws. One monotonic and four variable loading histories were utilized, with displacement and force control. Applied loading histories were aimed to simulate persistent design situation, which referred to the conditions of normal use according to EN 1990. Deterioration of resistance and flexibility have been assessed for each variable loading history. It was observed that resistance deterioration is directly proportional to loading range. In case of flexibility, at small displacement range connectors become stiffer. Degradation of flexibility starts to increase at larger displacement range.

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40

Kuck, Katrin, Anna Unterholzner, Bartosz Lipowicz, Sebastian Schwindl, Guido Jürgenliemk, Thomas J. Schmidt, and Jörg Heilmann. "Terpenoids from Myrrh and Their Cytotoxic Activity against HeLa Cells." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041637.

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The oleo–gum resin of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. has a long history of medicinal use, although many of its constituents are still unknown. In the present investigation, 34 secondary metabolites were isolated from myrrh resin using different chromatographic techniques (silica flash chromatography, CPC, and preparative HPLC) and their structures were elucidated with NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, CD spectroscopy, and ECD calculations. Among the isolated substances are seven sesquiterpenes (1–7), one disesquiterpene (8), and two triterpenes (23, 24), which were hitherto unknown, and numerous substances are described here for the first time for C. myrrha or the genus Commiphora. Furthermore, the effects of selected terpenes on cervix cancer cells (HeLa) were studied in an MTT-based in vitro assay. Three triterpenes were observed to be the most toxic with moderate IC50 values of 60.3 (29), 74.5 (33), and 78.9 µM (26). Due to the different activity of the structurally similar triterpenoids, the impact of different structural elements on the cytotoxic effect could be discussed and linked to the presence of a 1,2,3-trihydroxy substructure in the A ring. The influence on TNF-α dependent expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) was also tested for 4–6, 9–11, 17, 18, 20, and 27 in vitro, but revealed less than 20% ICAM-1 reduction and, therefore, no significant anti-inflammatory activity.

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Song, Kee-Nam, Sung-Deok Hong, and Hong-Yoon Park. "Macroscopic Structural Analysis on a 10 kW Class Lab-Scale Process Heat Exchanger Prototype under a High-Temperature Gas Loop Condition." Engineering 05, no. 01 (2013): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.51a017.

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Liu, Shidi, Tianyu Yang, Liang Zhang, Ming Tian, and Yuming Dong. "An intensity demodulated refractive index sensor based on a hollow-core anti-resonant fiber." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 15 (January 24, 2022): 155107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4a36.

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Abstract A robust and simple mid-infrared hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (ARF) based refractive index (RI) sensor with an intensity demodulation method is presented and analyzed for monitoring liquid analytes. The ARF allows liquid analytes to flow through its hollow area for detection. To obtain ideal sensing performance, an epsilon negative (ENG) material is introduced into the selected anti-resonant tube. With the high absorption of the ENG material, only one fundamental mode is available for detection and is sensitive to the RI variation of analytes. Moreover, the effects of structural parameters on the sensing performances are discussed and analyzed to further understand the mechanism and optimization. The final result shows that the ARF sensor can exhibit a high sensitivity of −372.58 dB RIU−1 at a fixed wavelength within a broad RI range from 1.33 to 1.45, which covers most liquid analytes. It is a promising candidate for chemical and environmental analysis. Additionally, it has the potential for deep research to feed diverse applications.

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Messing, Albee, and Michael Brenner. "GFAP at 50." ASN Neuro 12 (January 2020): 175909142094968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759091420949680.

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Fifty years have passed since the discovery of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by Lawrence Eng and colleagues. Now recognized as a member of the intermediate filament family of proteins, it has become a subject for study in fields as diverse as structural biology, cell biology, gene expression, basic neuroscience, clinical genetics and gene therapy. This review covers each of these areas, presenting an overview of current understanding and controversies regarding GFAP with the goal of stimulating continued study of this fascinating protein.

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Lipiński, Tomasz, and Robert Ulewicz. "The effect of the impurities spaces on the quality of structural steel working at variable loads." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2020): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0024.

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AbstractThe quality of carbon steels working at variable loads mainly depend of microstructure, but also of impurities. The quantity and morphology of non-metallic inclusions and spaces between impurities are correlated with the content of admixtures in the alloy, while their phase composition and structure, in particular shape, dimensions and dispersion, are determined by the course of metallurgical processes. Non-metallic inclusions as impurities found in steel can affect its performance characteristics. Their impact depends not only on their quality, but also, among others, on their size and distribution in the steel volume. The literature mainly describes the results of tests on hard steels. The article discusses the results of a study investigating the effect of the number of large non-metallic inclusions (over 10 μm in size) on the fatigue strength of structural steel during rotary bending. The study was performed on 6 heats produced in an industrial plant. Fourteen heats were produced in 140 ton electric furnaces. All heats were desulfurized and refined with argon. The experimental variants were compared in view of the tempering the research steel. The fatigue strength of steel with an impurity spaces was determined during rotary bending: the results revealed that fatigue strength is determined by the impurity spaces and tempering temperature.

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Kononov, P., and I. Kononova. "Modeling of Octahedral Clusters from Structural Units." Geometry & Graphics 11, no. 2 (August 21, 2023): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-2-18-26.

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Interest in cluster physics increased at the edge of the second half of the 20th century, while the word «cluster» itself appeared (Eng. cluster «cluster, brush, swarm». Recently, the concept of «cluster» has become relevant due to the trend in the development of nanomaterials. Such nanomaterials obtained using unconventional growth mechanisms are extremely interesting in the field of electronics, photonics and are of great interest for catalysis. The structure and properties of nanoobjects, as well as the technologies of their application and modification are determined by the composition, structure, complex of physical (including quantum mechanical) properties, chemical properties and patterns. In the article, using computer graphics, visualization is considered and visual geometric images of nanoclusters are presented, which allow students to avoid a primitive geometric representation of nanoobjects and serve as motivation to study other natural science subjects. The knowledge and skills laid down by students in the course of engineering and computer graphics are applied to the study of the laws of the processes in the nanowire by the example of the principles of constructing geometric models of nanoclusters along an octahedral line using 3D modeling. The features of the morphology of nanoobjects that determine the relevance of the modernization of students' training in the application of interrelated skills of such disciplines as «Nanomaterial Science», «Nanotechnology», «Engineering and computer graphics» are considered. The content of the article is intended for specialists working in the fields of nanotechnology and can be useful for graduate students and students studying in the fields of «Electronics and microelectronics» and «Nanotechnology», as well as for students of technological specialties of mining and geological and architectural and construction profile.

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Chidewe, Cathrine, Uvidelio F. Castillo, and Daniel S. Sem. "Structural Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Chromatographically Separated Fractions of Leaves ofSesamum angustifolium(Oliv.) Engl." Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature 7, no. 6 (November 2, 2017): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22311866.2017.1417057.

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Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Kaige Yan, Yixiao Zhang, Ningning Li, Chengying Ma, Zhifei Li, Yanqing Zhang, et al. "Structural insights into the function of a unique tandem GTPase EngA in bacterial ribosome assembly." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 21 (November 11, 2014): 13430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1135.

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Shen, Chun-Yan, Jian-Guo Jiang, Ming-Qiang Li, Chao-Yang Zheng, and Wei Zhu. "Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium Linn. variant amara Engl." Journal of Functional Foods 35 (August 2017): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.055.

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Barhum, Rabea, Jürgen Büllesbach, and André Müller. "Textilbeton zur Instandsetzung von Balkonbrüstungsplatten aus Stahlbeton/Textile Reinforced Concrete for Repair of a Balcony Panels made of Reinforced Concrete." Bauingenieur 90, no. 06 (2015): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0005-6650-2015-06-33.

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Zur Instandsetzung der Fassade des circa 40 Jahre alten Arabella Hochhauses in München wurde textilbewehrter Beton (engl. Textile Reinforced Concrete – TRC) eingesetzt. Eine dünne Einlage von nicht korrosionsanfälliger Carbonbewehrung eingebettet in feinkörnige Betonmatrix wurde zur Instandsetzung der Fassadenelemente eingesetzt. Der innovative Werkstoff eignet sich aufgrund der geometrischen Anpassungsfähigkeit, hervorragenden Eigenschaften hinsichtlich der Dauerhaftigkeit, und der leichten Applikation auf die instandzusetzenden Brüstungslatten. Die Schadstellen wurden mit einer „Textilbeton-Bandage“ umwickelt um die Verkehrssicherheit im Gebäudeumkreis zu gewährleisten. Die Gesamtdicke der Schicht beträgt circa 6 mm.

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Cao, Yujuan, Jiyou Zhu, Chengyang Xu, and Richard J. Hauer. "Responses of Visual Forms to Neighboring Competition: A Structural Equation Model for Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081073.

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Background: The visual forms of individual trees in peri-urban forests are driven by a complex array of simultaneous cause-and-effect relationships. Materials and Methods: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), as a specialized analytical technique, was used to model and understand the complex interactions. It was applied to find out responses of visual forms to neighboring competition in a peri-urban forest dominated by Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl. in Beijing, China. Research Highlights: Light interception and space extrusion have substantial effects on visual forms, expressed as crown forms and foliage forms. The structural model in SEM tested hypothetical correlations among latent variables, namely neighboring competition, crown forms, and foliage forms. Results: The fitted model suggested a direct negative effect of neighboring competition on crown forms and an insignificant negative direct effect on foliage forms. Moreover, an indirect positive effect on foliage forms mediated by crown forms was revealed. Conclusions: The fitted SEM and associated findings should facilitate peri-urban forest landscape management by providing insight into causal mechanisms of visual forms of individual trees and thereby assisting in the visual quality promotion.

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