Journal articles on the topic 'Structural Eccles'

The present study evaluated a cognitive expectancy-value model of achievement behavior in a physical activity setting. Based on Eccles et al.'s (1983) framework, expectancy variables and task value variables were hypothesized to predict indices of achievement behavior. Two samples of male and female university students (N1 =315; N2 = 146) enrolled in a required physical education skills program served as subjects. Two-sample structural equation modeling procedures showed no significant differences in the fit of the hypothesized model across samples, providing initial support for cross-validation. The overall fit of the model to the data was much better for Sample 2 than for Sample 1. Also, the expectancy components had a greater impact than the task value components on performance indices, a prediction consistent with Eccles et al.'s (1983) position. Future studies are needed to evaluate this model in a more free-choice situation involving nonrequired activities.

Expectancy beliefs and task values are two essential motivators in physical education. This study was designed to identify the relation between the expectancy-value constructs (Eccles & Wigfield, 1995) and high school students’ physical activity behavior as associated with their energy balance knowledge. High school students (N = 195) in two healthful-living programs (i.e., combination of physical and health education) responded to measures of expectancy-value motivation, energy balance knowledge, in-class physical activity, and after-school physical activity. The structural equation modeling confirmed positive impact from expectancy beliefs and interest value to in-class physical activity (Path coefficient range from .19 to .26, ps < .01). Cost perception was found exerting a negative impact on after-school physical activity but a positive one on lower level of understanding of energy balance (Path coefficient range from -.33 to -.39, ps < .01). The findings painted a complex but meaningful picture about the motivational impact of expectancy-value constructs on physical activity and energy balance knowledge. School healthful-living programs should create motivational environments that strengthen students’ expectancy beliefs and interest value and alleviate their negative perceptions and experiences.

The necessity for realistic constitutive models that represent ECC's behavior under load grows as research in ECC progresses from material creation to structural applications. Constitutive models of ECC can be used to simulate structural responses when paired with the finite element approach. These simulations are helpful in gaining a better understanding of how ECC's unique features, such as tensile ductility and fracture width controlling, may be translated into enhanced structural performance. In this work, phenomenological models for 1D are presented which includes the constitutive models for plain ECC under tension compression, as well as reinforced beams behavior under bending. The models given lay the groundwork for more growth in this subject, which is desperately needed. as result, monotonic loading applications for specific structures showed their variety, weaknesses were also found. These include the tendency to predict a tougher and stronger structural reaction than experimental findings. This is because the multiple cracks can only deform in the opening mode, but not in the sliding mode.

In opere scientifico professoris Mariani Żurowski scripta problemata fundamentalia iuris canonici attingentia non deficiunt. Quapropter aequum iustumque videtur memoriam eius etiam expositione quidem brevissima fundamentis radicumque iuris ecclesialis honorare. Primo problema ipsum ponitur. Religio christiana unica est quae proprium, a civili independens, ius producit et evolvit. Cum ius proprium ad religionem uti talem necessario non pertineat explorandae sunt rationes legum propriarum quibus christiani vivunt. Secundo quaestiones methodologicae elucidantur. Minus recta videtur methodus quae praefixa notione iuris laborat et elementa ei correspondentia in Ecclesia invenire conatur. Exploranda est autoconscientia Ecclesiae et in luce ponendum est quod in Ecclecia ipsa ut ius percipitur et denominatur. Non a iure ad Ecclesiam sed ab Ecclesia ad notionem iuris eius procedendum est. Postremo fundamenta iuris ecclesialis considerantur. Analysi subiicitur conscientia christianorum qui sciunt ipsos divinitus ut universale salutis sacramentum signumque et instrumentum unitatis vocatos esse. Populum in perspectiva salutis et actualizationis propositi Patris constituunt. Communio quam ipsi participant donum et munus ipsis commissum est. Munere hoc structura Ecclesiae relationesque sociales fidelium determinantur. Vocationem suam prosequens populus iste in mundo huius temporis vivit. Experientia istius mundi, scientiarum profectus, variae formae culturae humanae — immo et culturae iuridicae — Ecclesiae quoque prosunt. Confrontatio cum experientia iuris mundi sed autem cum iure veterotestamentorio quaestionem de sensu iuris gignit. Christiani sciunt sensum istum ab eis qui in Christo renati sunt efficiendum esse. Fidem testando et canitatem in praxim deducendo iustificantur et sensum finemque iuris explent. Iure relationes interpersonales amplectuntur quae tamen dono communionis nituntur et structuram communicationis gratiae fideique constituunt, cuius fons ih divino proposito salvifico perspicitur et ad quod significandum notio iuris divini utitur. Historica actualizatione iuris divini Ecclesia locum in historia iuris tenet. Ius Ecclesiae non dependet ab alio iure neque ulla notione iuris, quapropter apertum ad notiones, formae experientiam culturae iuridicae mundi manet. Tamen nec notionibus his nec experientia civili iuridica indoles iuris ecclesialis praefinitur sed conscientia propria christianorum.

Complete blood-gas barrier breaks (BGBBs) and epithelial-epithelial cells connections breaks (E-ECCBs) were enumerated in the lungs of free range chickens, Gallus gallus variant domesticus after vascular perfusion at different pressures. The E-ECCBs surpassed the BGBBs by a factor of ~2. This showed that the former parts of the gas exchange tissue were structurally weaker or more vulnerable to failure than the latter. The differences in the numbers of BGBBs and E-ECCBs in the different regions of the lung supplied with blood by the 4 main branches of the pulmonary artery (PA) corresponded with the diameters of the blood vessels, the angles at which they bifurcated from the PA, and the positions along the PA where they branched off. Most of the BGBBs and the E-ECCBs occurred in the regions supplied by the accessory- and the caudomedial branches: the former is the narrowest branch and the first blood vessel to separate from the PA while the latter is the most direct extension of the PA and is the widest. The E-ECCBs appeared to separate and fail from tensing of the blood capillary walls, as the perfusion- and intramural pressures increased. Compared to the mammalian lungs on which data are available, i.e., those of the rabbit, the dog, and the horse, the blood-gas barrier of the lung of free range chickens appears to be substantially stronger for its thinness.

Notum est quod thema de origine potestatis in Ecclesia necnon de relationibus inter potestatem et ius, inter sic dictum momentum sacramentale et iuridicum, inter ius divinum et ius humanum, Samper particulari attentione ex parte doctrinae canonicae gavisum esto Post Concilium, obviis de causis, haec quaestio iterum proposita est tamquam elementum praevium et fundamentale super quod in alterutro sensu fundamenta totius structurae iuridicae Ecclesiae iacere possibile sit. Positio quae quoad hanc quaestionem sumatur necessario in maiorem partem solutionum repercutit quae posterius pro concretis suppositis, situationibus, institutionibus, etc., sugeruntur. In hoc contextu amplum et documentatum opus Petri A. Bonnet inseritur. Etiamsi observationes personales frequentes sint, tamen auctor directe visionem generalem positionum doctrinalium recentiorum super thema oferre praetendit. Cohaerenter cum fine persecuto, opus circa sequentia capita evolvitur: 1) Doctrina traditionalis et theoria de duplici origine potestatis hierarchicae in Ecclesia. 2) Duplex linea organizationis ecclesiasticae (Hervada et Souto). 3) Doctrina de complementarietate potestatum (Mörsdorf). 4) Bertrams et doctrina de unitate potestatum. In fine, per modum conclusionis, sermonem generalem introductionis resumendo, proprium sententiam de re, quae in controversiam venit, breviter ponit, praefiniendo hoc modo etiam propriam mentem circa positiones doctrinales anteriores

ECHO (the European network of Cybersecurity centres and competence Hub for innovation and Operations) is one of the four pilot projects under the European Commission’s H2020 Program. This work-in-progress paper relates to the project’s task “ECHO Early-Warning Systems (E-EWS) / ECHO Federated Cyber Range (E-FCR) Demonstration Workshops” that will be implemented during 2021 and 2022. As the healthcare industry becomes more connected to the Internet, the possibilities for disastrous cyber-attacks rise accordingly. Well-performing warning systems and robust information sharing between different parties are essential tools to help prevent these attacks. The aim of this paper is to find out how to utilize E-EWS as a tool in the healthcare sector. We started by mapping out the existing Early Warning Systems related to healthcare. At the same time, we researched the different implementations of E-EWS into already existing national systems and how possible information sharing could be done. As a result, we found that there does not seem to be any widely used international Early Warning Systems in use in the healthcare field and can conclude that implementing E-EWS could have significant benefits for the whole industry. A working Early Warning System can help to prevent cyber threats and save lives. However, there are many challenges involved in the implementation. First, the healthcare field is very fragmented with many different private and national actors, and second, the structural differences between different EU countries bring their own problems. Thus, the successful implementation of E-EWS in healthcare depends mainly on how all the different actors can cooperate.

E-textiles based on yarn-based sensors have been a topic of intense research. In our previous paper, a straightforward way for fabricating tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs) with a unique architecture applicable to yarn-based sensors was proposed using a modified ring-spinning frame. Herein, a comparative analysis of the physical characteristics of t-ECCY, bi-component elastic composite yarn (b-ECY), bi-component conductive composite yarn (b-CCY), and single rayon yarn (s-RY) are presented, in detail, in terms of tensile behavior, elastic recovery, electrical resistance, unevenness, and hairiness. In particular, a systematic study of the tensile and conductive properties of yarns appropriate for e-textiles, that is, t-ECCY and b-CCY, are highlighted. In addition, a non-invasive structure verification technique is conducted to identify the dispositions of constituents inside the yarn. It is found that the t-ECCY exhibits a remarkable improvement over the other yarns, having robust tensile properties, super elasticity, stable electrical durability, lower unevenness, and hairiness. A simple tensile model has been proposed to predict the t-ECCY’s tensile strength, and the substantial improvement in the tensile properties of t-ECCY compared with the b-CCY can be associated with the distinctive yarn structure. The stretch-deformation mechanism of coils in the t-ECCY is, initially, separation of adjacent surfaces of coils and gradual unwinding till free. Benefiting from its superior conductivity and elasticity after single/cyclic stretch tests as well as other properties, the t-ECCY itself can serve as a sensing element, which could be a highly valuable use for specific purposes in smart textiles.

AbstractThe paper presents the analysis of the functional abilities of measurement tools with ellipsoidal reflectors for Raman spectroscopy. The investigated structural scheme of the setup is intended for use in Raman spectroscopy in vivo by ellipsoidal reflectors. The setup can be used as a prototype for development of a device for non-invasive control of sugar level. Additionally, the investigation demonstrates the efficiency of ellipsoidal photometry method for registration of Raman scattering signal on test-solutions. The testing was performed for different sugar concentrations with the laser radiation wavelength 980 nm. In addition, the selecting principles of laser radiation source parameters (including beam diameter and power) were investigated. During the research, the data about spatial distribution of the backscattered light in human shoulder and finger tissues during photometry by ellipsoidal reflectors were received. The procedure involves application of Monte Carlo simulation. The dependency of the external and middle ring illuminance of photometric images on the diameter and power of the laser beam is represented based on the zone analysis.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis has rarely been reported for herbicide resistance, and no case of quinclorac resistance has been reported so far. Synthetic auxin-type herbicide quinclorac is used extensively to control rice weeds worldwide. A long history of using quinclorac in Chinese rice fields escalated the resistance in E. crus-galli var. mitis against this herbicide. Bioassays in Petri plates and pots exhibited four biotypes that evolved into resistance to quinclorac ranking as JS01-R > AH01-R > JS02-R > JX01-R from three provinces of China. Ethylene production in these biotypes was negatively correlated with resistance level and positively correlated with growth inhibition. Determination of the related ethylene response pathway exhibited resistance in biotypes that recorded a decline in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content, ACC synthase oxidase activities, and less inducible ACS and ACO genes expressions than the susceptible biotype, suggesting that there was a positive correlation between quinclorac resistance and ethylene biosynthesis inhibition. Cyanides produced during the ethylene biosynthesis pathway mainly degraded by the activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS). Resistant biotypes exhibited higher β-CAS activity than the susceptible ones. Nucleotide changes were found in the EcCAS gene of resistant biotypes as compared to sensitive ones that caused three amino acid substitutions (Asn-105-Lys, Gln-195-Glu, and Gly-298-Val), resulting in alteration of enzyme structure, increased binding residues in the active site with its cofactor, and decreased binding free energy; hence, its activity was higher in resistant biotypes. Moreover, these mutations increased the structural stability of the enzyme. In view of the positive correlation between ethylene biosynthesis inhibition and cyanide degradation with resistance level, it is concluded that the alteration in ethylene response pathway or at least variation in ACC synthase and ACC oxidase enzyme activities—due to less relative expression of ACS and ACO genes and enhanced β-CAS activity, as well as mutation and increased relative expression of EcCAS gene—can be considered as a probable mechanism of quinclorac resistance in E. crus-galli var. mitis.

AbstractThis paper investigates the local and global forces acting on the coil structure of a low-speed modular permanent magnet generator for wind energy application. Two different configurations of the coil structure are studied. The first one consists of separately replaceable single-coil modules, whereas the second consists of three-phase coil-module assemblies. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration in terms of vibrations and mechanical robustness. The investigations also provide the load for the mechanical analysis needed in the design of the retaining structure of the generator. The results show that there are strong fluctuations in the radial forces acting on the single-coil structure. The three-phase coil-module assembly reduces the fluctuations of the radial forces, but it results in an increase of the cogging torque, which is not suitable for the slotless design. Namely, the advantage of the slotless design is to reduce the cogging torque. The computed forces are then used in a structural mechanical simulation, the results of which are validated through strain measurements. The validation procedure is carried out on a specially built mock-up as accessing the generator on site is not possible.

Abstract. Use of an ocean parameter and state estimation framework – such as the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) framework – could provide an opportunity to learn about the spatial distribution of the diapycnal diffusivity parameter (κρ) that observations alone cannot due to gaps in coverage. However, we show that the inclusion of misfits to observed physical variables – such as in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure – currently accounted for in ECCO is not sufficient, as κρ from ECCO does not agree closely with any observationally derived product. These observationally derived κρ products were inferred from microstructure measurements, derived from Argo and conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) data using a strain-based parameterization of fine-scale hydrographic structure, or calculated from climatological and seafloor data using a parameterization of tidal mixing. The κρ products are in close agreement with one another but have both measurement and structural uncertainties, whereas tracers can have relatively small measurement uncertainties. With the ultimate goal being to jointly improve the ECCO state estimate and representation of κρ in ECCO, we investigate whether adjustments in κρ due to inclusion of misfits to a tracer – dissolved oxygen concentrations from an annual climatology – would be similar to those due to inclusion of misfits to observationally derived κρ products. We do this by performing sensitivity analyses with ECCO. We compare multiple adjoint sensitivity calculations: one configuration uses misfits to observationally derived κρ, and the other uses misfits to observed dissolved oxygen concentrations. We show that adjoint sensitivities of dissolved oxygen concentration misfits to the state estimate's control space typically direct κρ to improve relative to the observationally derived values. These results suggest that the inclusion of oxygen in ECCO's misfits will improve κρ in ECCO, particularly in (sub)tropical regions.

Notio sic dicta Status lurls, orta patrocinio doctrinae de tripartita potestatum separatione (legislativae, exsecutivae et iudicialis), pro Summo legjs imperio est; Status scilicet iuris Status quidem est legi pi ene subiectus. Haec notio Status necessario fontium hierarchiam ponit. Fons dicitur veluti productionis iuridicae; si autem normae iuridicae effectus fontium iuridicae pro ductionis intelliguntur, distinguendae sunt fontium productionis hierarchia (ordo cum sit fontium productionis secundum potestatem qua complectuntur et ordo etiam sit potestatum atque munerum) ac normarum iuridlca rum formalis hierarehia. Hierarchia fontium, principii legalitatis quod in statu iuris regit postulatio, via est apta ad iuridicam securitatem consequendam ac civium iurium tutelam adversus potestatis exercitationem arbitrariam. In ordinamento Ecclesiae fontium hierarchia non est nec normarum forma'lis hierarchia; quoquo modo organorum hierarchia gradu innixa quo in organizatione potitur. Sed ecclesiasticum magisterium uberius est in petitionibusa civili societate de iuridica curan da securitate civium ac de tutela iurium fundamentalium personae humanae. Huius doctrinae conscia sunt Principia quae Codicois luris Canoniei recognitionem dirigant, in I Synodo Episcoporum anno 1967 disputata. Ouamobrem necesse est in ordinamentum canonicum fontium hierarchiam indu. cere, ad huius rei partes transitis maximi nominis viris in doctrina canonica. Ouod in 'Ecclesia nec separatio potestatum exsistat huic proposito obex non est quia in eius sinu possibilis distinctio munerum et ea de causa legiferorum organorum, exsecutionis et iudicialium. De hoc sensu quidem servanda semper divinae constitutionis Ecclesiae structura et ordinamenti Ecclesiae species. Haec indagatio concluditur plurimis suggestis de iure ¡contiendo super ratione ordinamenti ECclesiae applicandi principii fontium hierarchiae. Fontium hie. rarchia in canonico ordinamentoesset: 1) lex funda. mentalis; 2) Ordinarie leges normativae; 3) Normae pro administratione; 4) Negotia administrativa; 5) Consue. tudo. Ut vero fidem nullam normam inferiorem aliae superioriexcellere opus est fontium hierarchiae iuris• dictionalem vigilantiam etiam introducere.

In response to the current global energy crisis and environmental problems, fuel cells are an optional solution. Among them, polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has high expectations because of its low operating temperature and suitability for applications in households and mobility devices. Since PEFC requires the use of proton exchange membranes, the transmission efficiency and durability of the exchange membrane is a major concern. To improve the proton transport efficiency, which is generally required, a catalytic layer is integrated into the PEFC. The catalyst layer of PEFC generally contains platinum catalyst covered with the ionomer membrane. Proton conductivity increases with ionomer thickness, while oxygen permeability decreases with ionomer thickness. Therefore, in order to improve the power generation efficiency of PEFC, it is important to design the catalyst layer. In addition, the fluorinated ionomer membrane material (such as Nafion) used for PEFC has good proton conductivity and chemical stability, but the synthesis cost is relatively high. As a consequence, new materials such as composite materials and non-fluorine-based materials have received a lot of attention in recent years. In this study, we focus on a new ionomer material of aromatic hydrocarbon (named SPP-BP) and elucidate the adsorption state of the ionomer on the platinum surface on a nanoscale using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Then, the structural properties and water diffusion characteristics of the ionomers of new material (SPP-BP) and conventional Nafion were analyzed based on the MD simulation results. The degree of polymerization (m, p, s) of the monomers were given as 20, 5, and 23 (molecular weight 7.38 kDa), respectively, based on the reported experimental values of SPP-BP. For the polymer composition, molecular models of a random type (r-type), which shows a randomness of monomers, were used. A molecular model of Nafion was also created as the conventional fluorinated membrane materials for comparison with the SPP-BP. The platinum surface was built with a three layers of platinum atoms in a face-centered cubic lattice structure. Regarding the calculation potentials, the DREIDING forcefield was used for the interactions with the molecules. While for the intermolecular potential, the Spohr potential was used for Pt-H2O and Pt-H3O+ interactions, and the others were applied with the Lennard Jones (LJ). The parameters of those potentials were based on the previous studies. In the ionomer membrane, water content is an important indicator that affects the transfer of protons and substances. Based on the water absorption results obtained in the experiment, the water content of SPP-BP was calculated to be between 1.8 and 7.2. Therefore, the water content during the MD simulation was used 3, 5, and 7. The computational size was 55.5 Å × 52.9 Å in the transverse direction of the ionomer membrane (X and Y directions), and the thickness of the membrane adsorbed on the platinum surface was about 50-60 Å. A vacuum region of about 40 Å was set at the top of the system. To calculate the diffusion coefficient and the cluster character of water, multiple simulations with different initial structure were considered. Furthermore, in order to compare to the Nafion, the number of polymers and the computational size was adjusted for containing the same water content. Based on the simulation results, the density distribution of water, hydrophilic sulfo groups, and main body of polymer was analyzed. By the analysis of density distribution, the structure of the ionomer at the interface-vacuum, near the Pt surface and inside was studied. In addition, the orientation of the sulfo group of SPP-BP and Nafion near the Pt surface was analyzed. Besides, the water cluster characteristics and water diffusion properties of the ionomers of SPP-BP and Nafion were also investigated. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan through the fund for ECCEED'30 Projects (No. JPNP20003). Numerical simulations were performed on the Supercomputer system "AFI-NITY" at the Advanced Fluid Information Research Center, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University.

Tourism has become the main driver of economic growth and employment and the most important source of income in the ECCU. Preserving and, possibly, enhancing the competitiveness of the tourism product is key for these countries. Unfortunately, the evidence shows that tourism arrivals to the ECCU have been declining slightly while global demand for tourism is on the rise. The objective of this paper is to study the structural determinants of competitiveness for the ECCU, defined as the relative cost advantage over other touristic regions (Di Bella, Lewis, and Martin 2007). Using a gravity model, we show that proximity to North American and European markets is indeed an important competitive advantage for the ECCU. However, despite this advantage, and, in some cases, specialization in high-end tourism, regression analysis shows that arrivals to the ECCU are sensitive to relative prices. Our simulations show that mitigating supply-side constraints would improve the ECCU’s competitiveness and allow the region to regain global market shares.