Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structural change'
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Wang, Bo. "Structural change detection via penalized regression." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6520.
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This dissertation research addresses how to detect structural changes in stochastic linear models. By introducing a special structure to the design matrix, we convert the structural change detection problem to a variable selection problem. There are many existing variable selection strategies, however, they do not fully cope with structural change detection. We design two penalized regression algorithms specifically for the structural change detection purpose. We also propose two methods involving these two algorithms to accomplish a bi-level structural change detection: they locate the change points and also recognize which predictors contribute to the variation of the model structure. Extensive simulation studies are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in a variety of settings. Furthermore, we establish asymptotic theoretical properties to justify the bi-level detection consistency for one of the proposed methods. In addition, we write an R package with computationally efficient algorithms for detecting structural changes. Comparing to traditional methods, the proposed algorithms showcase enhanced detection power and more estimation precision, with added capacity of specifying the model structures at all regimes.
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Oughton, Christine. "Profitability and structural change." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239102.
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Demers, Frédérick. "Taylor rule and structural change." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9441.
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We evaluate the Taylor rule and investigate its stability for the period 1963Q2 to 1999Q4. Using a benchmark model, we demonstrate that the equation cannot be evaluated over this period without taking into account parameter instability and structural changes, which reflect changing monetary policy preferences. Neglecting to allow for at least one shift in the equation can lead to artificial results by ignoring the heterogeneity of the long-run relationship, while it is not capturing the changes in monetary policy preferences. To estimate the equation over the 1963 Q2--1999Q4 period, we follow Bai and Perron's (1998) recent methodology, with which we find evidence for up to five breaks.
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Abra, Gordon. "Structural Change in Exchange Relations." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1411%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Meier, Thomas. "Theory change and structural realism." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-179692.
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Decker, Olufemi Sally Anne. "Structural change in French banking." Thesis, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363406.
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Zeileis, Achim, and Torsten Hothorn. "Permutation Tests for Structural Change." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1182/1/document.pdf.
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The supLM test for structural change is embedded into a permutation test framework for a simple location model. The resulting conditional permutation distribution is compared to the usual (unconditional) asymptotic distribution, showing that the power of the test can be clearly improved in small samples. Furthermore, generalizations are discussed for binary and multivariate dependent variables as well as model-based permutation testing for structural change. The procedures suggested are illustrated using both artificial and real-world data (number of youth homicides, employment discrimination data, structural-change publications, and stock returns).Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Williams, Peter. "Structural change and economic development." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11266.
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xiii, 124 p. : ill. (some col.)This dissertation emphasizes three aspects of structural change in economic development. Structural change is the process by which the distribution of economic output shifts from one sector to another and is crucial to understanding overall economic growth. The first chapter demonstrates that property rights and the relative value of land in rural credit markets have significant implications for the rate and level of economic development. When borrowers have little net worth, access to credit is limited and the transition from agriculture to industry proceeds at a slower rate. A quantitative model provides estimates of the welfare cost of such frictions. The second chapter argues that differential costs of technology adoption across developing countries can explain the failure of some import-substitution strategies. An analytical model demonstrates the importance of such adoption costs, and an empirical section finds evidence in support of it. The primary result is that import-substituting policies aimed at rapid industrialization may in fact inhibit economic growth, explaining why some countries have experienced lower rates of economic development. The third chapter uses a robust econometric procedure to estimate sector-specific productivity growth for a sample of OECD countries. It finds that the sources of productivity growth vary widely across countries. Productivity growth is not concentrated in industrial sectors alone but can also result from advances in service sectors.
Committee in charge: Dr. Shankha Chakraborty, Chair; Dr. Chris Ellis, Member; Dr. Bruce Blonigen, Member; Dr. Jean Stockard, Outside Member
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Blien, Uwe, and Helge Sanner. "Structural change and regional employment dynamics." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1442/.
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A casual look at regional unemployment rates reveals that there are vast differences, which cannot be explained by different institutional settings. Our paper attempts to trace these differences in the labor market performance back to the regions' specialization in products that are more or less advanced in their product cycle. The model we develop shows how individual profit and utility maximization endogenously yields higher employment levels in the beginning. In later phases, however, employment decreases in the presence of process innovation. Our model suggests that the only way to escape from this vicious circle is to specialize in products that are at the beginning of their "economic life". The model is based on an interaction of demand and supply side forces.
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Westin, Lars. "Vintage models of spatial structural change." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73665.
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In the study a class of multisector network models, suitable for simulation of the interaction between production, demand, trade, and infrastructure, is presented. A characteristic feature of the class is a vintage model of the production system. Hence, the rigidities in existing capacities and the temporary monopolies obtainable from investments in new capacity at favourable locations are emphasized.As special cases, the class contains models in the modelling traditions of "interregional computable general equilibriunT, Hspatial price equilibrium**, "interregional input-output" and transportation networks.On the demand side, a multihousehold spatial linear expenditure system is introduced. This allows for an endogenous representation of income effects of skill-differentiated labour.The models are represented by a set of complementarity problems. This facilitates a comparison of model properties and the choice of an appropriate solution algorithm.The study is mainly devoted to single period models. Such equilibrium models are interpreted as adiabatic approximations of processes in continuous time. A separation by the time scale of the processes and an application of the slaving principle should thus govern the choice of endogenous variables in the equilibrium formulation.digitalisering@umu
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Cei, Angelo. "Structural prespectives. theory change and beyond." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494117.
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Gabriel, Vasco Joaquin da Cruz Ricardo de Assuncas. "Long run relations and structural change." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268808.
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Ma, Xiaofei. "Structural Change, Mobility and Economic Policies." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2073/document.
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Il y a quatre chapitres dans cette thèse.Dans le premier chapitre, nous analysons les intéractions entre le marché interbancaire et le risque de défaut souverain dans un modèle d’équilibre général à deux pays, en focalisant sur la transmission de la crise financière récente et la politique monétaire non conventionnelle.Dans le deuxième chapitre, les effets de la dévaluation fiscale sur les indicateurs macroéconomiques et le bien être sont analysés en utilisant un modèle à deux pays en union monétaire o`u les variétés de biens et le commerce sont endogènes.Dans le troisième chapitre, l’impact du facteur démographique sur la croissance du secteur des services à long terme est mis en exergue.Dans le quatrième chapitre, on étudie les effets de la mobilité des travailleurs et de la mobilité du capital dans une union monétaireThis thesis studies challenges for modern developped economies, including the structural change toward services, population ageing, weak labor mobility in the EMU and unconventional monetary policies after the 2008 financial crisis. The manuscript is divided into four chapters.In the first chapter, we analyze the interaction between interbank markets and default risk using a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model, with a focus on the transmission of the recent financial crisis and unconventional monetary policies.In the second chapter, we investigate the effects of fiscal devaluations on key macroeconomic aggregates and welfare using a two-country monetary-union model with endogenous varieties and endogenous tradability.In the third chapter, we study the impact of demographic factor and the growth of service sector by using a multi-sectoral OLG model, and effectuate counterfactual experiments in which the annual growth rate of young generation is ±1pp than the actual growth rate.In the fourth chapter, we study the potential interactions between financial integration and labor mobility in a currency union facing asymmetric shocks, and simulate the impacts of 2008 financial crisis under different mobility costs
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Wu, Chen. "Environment, fertility, structural change, and growth." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263419.
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COVERI, ANDREA. "Structural change, Technology and Income Distribution." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/263520.
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Il presente lavoro propone un’analisi del cambiamento strutturale e delle dinamiche inerenti la distribuzione del reddito combinando l’approccio Neo-Schumpeteriano all’innovazione tecnologica con la prospettiva Post-Keynesiana riguardo al ruolo della domanda effettiva e ai meccanismi che determinano la dinamica di salari e profitti. Da un lato ci rifacciamo alla letteratura evolutiva e distinguiamo tra input e output dell'innovazione e tra innovazione di prodotto e processo, enfatizzando la differenza tra strategie finalizzate ad aumentare la qualità dei prodotti e aprire nuovi mercati e strategie basate sulla competitività di costo, che mirano principalmente ad aumentare l’efficienza produttiva per ridurre i costi di produzione. Dall’altro lato teniamo conto della specifica struttura della domanda delle industrie e della natura conflittuale della distribuzione del reddito, indagando alcuni dei fattori strutturali e istituzionali che influiscono sul tasso di crescita di salari e profitti. Inoltre, si tiene conto dei cambiamenti intervenuti su scala globale nelle ultime tre decadi (liberalizzazione dei mercati di merci e capitali e forte riduzione dei costi di comunicazione e trasporto), che hanno reso sempre più rilevanti fenomeni come la delocalizzazione della produzione all’estero e dunque la disintegrazione globale dei processi produttivi. Viene quindi analizzata la relazione tra le diverse strategie di offshoring perseguite dalle industrie e le loro performance in termini di crescita; nondimeno, ci si sofferma sull'impatto che la frammentazione internazionale della produzione ha sulla distribuzione del reddito. Sul piano empirico utilizziamo il Sectoral Innovation Database (SID), sviluppato presso l’Università di Urbino, che include dati su 21 settori manifatturieri e 17 settori dei servizi per sei paesi europei (Francia, Germania, Italia, Paesi Bassi, Spagna e the United Kindgom) dal 1994 al 2014.Our dissertation proposes an integrated approach to structural change and distributional dynamics combining a Neo-Schumpeterian perspective on technological change and a Post-Keynesian view on demand and income distribution. We build on evolutionary literature and distinguish between the input and output of innovation and between product and process innovation, proxying a technology-driven and cost-based competitiveness strategy, respectively. In line with Post-Keynesian theory, we account for the specific demand structures of industries and the conflictual nature of income distribution, investigating the structural and institutional factors which shape the balance of power between capital and labour and therefore the dynamics of wages and profits. In addition, we account for the modern process of global fragmentation of production spurred by the worldwide liberalization of trade and capital markets and the strong reductions of communication and transport costs. Accordingly, we investigate the relationships between offshoring strategies of industries – focusing on their technological dimension – and their growth performance and inquire the impact that the former have on the wage and profit dynamics. On the empirical ground, we use the Sectoral Innovation Database (SID), which has been developed at the University of Urbino and including data for 21 manufacturing and 17 service sectors for six major European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kindgom) from 1994 to 2014. This dataset provides a comprehensive view of industries’ dynamics, allowing to properly investigate the changing composition of the economies and the structural transformations related to the internationalization of production. Moreover, our analysis properly accounts for the role of sectoral systems of innovation allowing to assess the dominant competitiveness strategy pursued by industries and shed light on their different distributive outcomes.
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Andrea, Coveri. "Structural Change, Technology and Income Distribution." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2697993.
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Galli, Rossana. "How economies change : the measurement of structural change in disaggregated panels." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286398.
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Hills, Jonathan Frederick Francis. "Structural realism : continuity of structure over theory-change in generative linguistics." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533733.
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Avelino, Bacao Pedro Miguel. "Monetary policy, inflation persistence and structural change." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409327.
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Zheng, Pingping. "Bayesian analysis of structural change in trend." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391001.
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Zeileis, Achim, Friedrich Leisch, Christian Kleiber, and Kurt Hornik. "Monitoring structural change in dynamic econometric models." SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1296/1/document.pdf.
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The classical approach to testing for structural change employs retrospective tests using a historical data set of a given length. Here we consider a wide array of fluctuation-type tests in a monitoring situation - given a history period for which a regression relationship is known to be stable, we test whether incoming data are consistent with the previously established relationship. Procedures based on estimates of the regression coefficients are extended in three directions: we introduce (a) procedures based on OLS residuals, (b) rescaled statistics and (c) alternative asymptotic boundaries. Compared to the existing tests our extensions offer better power against certain alternatives, improved size in finite samples for dynamic models and ease of computation respectively. We apply our methods to two data sets, German M1 money demand and U.S. labor productivity.Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Hüttel, Silke. "Structural change in agriculture an empirical analysis." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999465678/04.
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Liepmann, Hannah. "Essays on the Economics of Structural Change." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19748.
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Im ersten Aufsatz dieser Dissertation analysiere ich, wie sich ein negativer Arbeitsmarktnachfrage-Schock auf Fertilität auswirkt. Ich analysiere dies anhand des ostdeutschen Fertilitätsrückgangs nach dem Mauerfall und nutze unerwartete, exogene, und permanente Anpassungen der Arbeitsnachfrage, welche von industriellen Restrukturierungsprozessen resultierten. Ostdeutsche Frauen, die stärker vom negativen Arbeitsnachfrage-Schock betroffen waren, haben in den 1990er Jahren relativ mehr Kinder bekommen als jene Frauen, die von dem Schock weniger stark betroffen waren. Der Schock hat somit nicht nur das aggregierte Fertilitätsniveau gesenkt, sondern auch die Zusammensetzung der Mütter beeinflusst.
Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss staatlicher Hilfen auf den späteren ökonomischen Erfolg junger Flüchtlinge. Wir untersuchen dies anhand von ostdeutschen Flüchtlingen, die von 1946 bis 1961 nach Westdeutschland geflohen sind. Nur „politische Flüchtlinge“ hatten ab 1953 Anspruch auf Flüchtlingshilfen. Somit können wir Identifikations-Probleme adressieren, die durch Selektion entstehen. Es zeigen sich positive Effekte der Flüchtlingshilfen auf die Bildung, Jobs, und das Einkommen von Flüchtlingen, die als junge Erwachsene migriert sind. Wir finden keine vergleichbaren Effekte für Flüchtlinge, die als Kinder migriert sind.
Das letzte Kapitel präsentiert Ergebnisse eines Projektes, das partiell die Lücke schließt, welche derzeit für Ostdeutsche in den deutschen Sozialversicherungsdaten existiert. Durch die Verknüpfung letzterer mit dem „Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen“ der DDR von 1989 haben wir einen neuen Datensatz geschaffen, welcher Analysen von Phänomenen wie Arbeitslosigkeit, beruflicher und regionaler Mobilität ermöglicht. Der neue Datensatz kann auch dazu beitragen, das existierende Wissen über die individuellen Arbeitsmarktkonsequenzen des Mauerfalls zu erweitern.In the first essay of this dissertation, I analyze how a negative labor demand shock impacts fertility. I analyze this question in the context of the East German fertility decline after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. I exploit differential pressure for restructuring across East German industries which led to unexpected, exogenous, and permanent changes to labor demand. I find that throughout the 1990s, women more severely impacted by the demand shock had relatively more children than their less-severely-impacted counterparts. Thus, the demand shock not only depressed the aggregate fertility level, but also changed the composition of mothers. The second essay explores the question of how refugee-specific aid impacts the medium-term economic success of young refugees. We address this question in the context of German Democratic Republic (GDR) refugees who escaped to West Germany between 1946 and 1961, exploiting that only the subgroup of "political refugees" was granted refugee-targeted aid, and that this only occurred after 1953. The quasi-experiment allows us to address identification difficulties resulting from the fact that refugees eligible for aid are both self-selected and screened by local authorities. We find positive effects of aid-eligibility on educational attainment, job quality and income among the refugees who migrated as young adults. We do not find similar effects of aid-eligibility for refugees who migrated as children. The final chapter of this thesis presents results of a project which partially closes a gap that currently exists for East Germans in the German social security data. By linking these data with the GDR's "Data Fund of Societal Work Power" from 1989, we have created a new data set that permits the analysis of phenomena such as unemployment, job mobility, and regional mobility. The new data set can also be used to refine existing knowledge of the individual-level labor market consequences of German reunification.
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Savona, Maria. "Structural change, technology and the growth of services." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412662.
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Sollis, Robert. "Essays on structural change in economic time series." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311668.
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Andreoni, Antonio. "Manufacturing development : structural change and production capabilities dynamics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/19242/.
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Over the last three decades the political economy debate abandoned its focus on manufacturing as the main engine of the technological dynamism and the source of the wealth of nations. However recent years have witnessed a renewed interest in manufacturing production. This has led analysts to announce and welcome a worldwide 'manufacturing renaissance' emerging in different contexts with multiple focuses. The thesis provides new analytical and empirical lenses for disentangling the dynamics of manufacturing development. We do this by showing how learning processes are the fundamental category responsible for production capabilities dynamics which in turn trigger structural change. Essay 1 'The Manufacturing Renaissance: Transforming Industrial Systems and the Wealth of Nations' presents a novel synthesis of two strands of economic research, Structural Economic Dynamics and the Economics of Capabilities. Within this framework we integrate structural change and production capabilities dynamics. The following Essays of this dissertation apply and extend this theoretical synthesis by focusing firstly on learning in production structures and cumulative (non-linear) structural change dynamics (Essays 2 and 3 respectively); secondly, in developing new diagnostics for industrial policies design (Essay 4); finally, in investigating industrial policies for manufacturing development (Essay 5). Essay 2 'Structural Learning: Embedding discoveries and the dynamics of production' extends the current framework by rembedding learning dynamics from which production capabilities are generated in the production structure itself. Essay 3 'Manufacturing Agrarian Change. Agricultural production, intermediate institutions and Intersectoral commons: Lessons from Latin America' than applies the concept of structural learning developed in Essay 2 to the intersectoral interdependencies on the interface of agriculture and manufacturing. Moreover, we show how in the context of Chile and Brazil intersectoral learning from which intersectoral commons derive was facilitated by the development of intermediate institutions. Essay 4 'Production Capability Indicators. Mapping countries' structural trajectories and the assessment of industrial skills in LDCs: The case of Tanzania' addresses the problem of capturing these learning dynamics through production capabilities indicators at the national level. Not only do we propose a new theoretically-sensitive methodology for quantifying learning dynamics but also we apply this to industrial skills assessment in Tanzania. Finally, Essay 5 'Industrial Policy for Manufacturing Development. Structural dynamics and institutional changes in a dual economy: A case of dependent industrialisation in the Italian Mezzogiorno' focuses on the development of industrial policies, the latter understood as mechanisms to trigger learning dynamics at the sectoral and intersectoral level. The Italian 'Mezzogiorno' case is presented to illustrate these dynamics in a context of dependent industrialisation.
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Zeileis, Achim, and Christian Kleiber. "Validating multiple structural change models. A case study." Institut für Statistik und Mathematik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/584/1/document.pdf.
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In a recent article, Bai and Perron (2003, Journal of Applied Econometrics) present a comprehensive discussion of computational aspects of multiple structural change models along with several empirical examples. Here, we report on the results of a replication study using the R statistical software package. We are able to verify most of their findings; however, some confidence intervals associated with breakpoints cannot be reproduced. These confidence intervals require computation of the quantiles of a nonstandard distribution, the distribution of the argmax functional of a certain stochastic process. Interestingly, the difficulties appear to be due to numerical problems in GAUSS, the software package used by Bai and Perron.Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Zeileis, Achim, Ajay Shah, and Ila Patnaik. "Exchange Rate Regime Analysis Using Structural Change Methods." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/386/1/document.pdf.
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Regression models for de facto currency regime classification are complemented by inferential techniques for tracking the stability of exchange rate regimes. Several structural change methods are adapted to these regressions: tools for assessing the stability of exchange rate regressions in historical data (testing), in incoming data (monitoring) and for determining the breakpoints of shifts in the exchange rate regime (dating). The tools are illustrated by investigating the Chinese exchange rate regime after China gave up on a fixed exchange rate to the US dollar in 2005 and to track the evolution of the Indian exchange rate regime since 1993.Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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John, Allyson Alisha. "Empirical studies in trade, structural change and growth." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37357/.
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There is a general consensus regarding the positive relationship between trade and productivity growth. Openness to trade encourages an efficient allocation of the factors of production within that trade. This thesis encompasses three studies that analyse the relationships between trade policy and openness and economy-wide productivity growth and its components through different channels. In doing so, we attempt to add to the existing literature on international trade, while accounting for some observed shortcomings in the existing literature. Firstly, empirical studies examining relationships between trade, resource allocation and economy-wide productivity tend to focus only on developing economies and as such our studies comprise a mix of developed and developing nations. Furthermore, in the case of productivity growth, attention is usually biased in favour of looking at aggregate productivity, potentially missing important details at a disaggregated level. We account for this by conducting studies using disaggregated data so that we can identify any patterns or trends that may be masked by aggregate data. In addition to this, the trade-growth literature faces criticisms regarding its inability to identify an exogenous measure of trade and as such we employ the use of an exogenous instrument for trade to conduct a study on trade and productivity. In our first study (Chapter 2), we examine the relationship between trade liberalisation events and structural adjustment in employment and output. To conduct this study, we employ the 3-digit level of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), Revision 2 data for the manufacturing sector, covering the period 1976 to 2004 for a sample of 35 countries. We also investigate the conditioning effects of complementary policies, in particular institutional quality, on the trade-adjustment relationship. We use data on institutions from the Economic Freedom of the World Index. We find that the use of aggregate data indicates the absence of a systematic relationship between trade liberalisation and structural adjustment. However, through disaggregation, we find that the occurrence of a trade liberalisation event reduces adjustment in intermediate goods employment and output and increases adjustment in capital goods output. In our second study (Chapter 3), we use a panel of 38 countries and employ the 10-sector productivity database derived from the Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC) for the period 1990 to 2005, in order to explain labour productivity gaps across developing regions. Specifically, we analyse patterns of economy-wide productivity and its two components across countries within Latin America, Africa and High-Income regional groupings. The first component, structural change, captures changing sectoral shares of employment as labour reallocates across sectors. The second component, the within component, captures the reallocation of resources within sectors as well as technological improvements occurring within sectors. Our findings suggest that differences in economic performances across regions are accounted for by negative structural change occurring in individual countries within these regions. This means a reallocation of employment from high productivity activities in favour of lower productivity ones, thereby contributing negatively to overall productivity growth. Furthermore external shocks such as falling oil prices appear to drive this type of growth reducing structural change. Finally in Chapter 4, we investigate the relationship between trade openness and economy-wide productivity and its structural change and within components as defined in Chapter 3. We use a panel of 38 countries, again employing the GGDC 10-sector productivity database for the period 1965 to 2006, along with the complete gravity dataset provided by Head, Mayer and Ries (2010). Our findings of this study support theories that suggest a positive relationship between trade and economy-wide productivity. Our results also indicate that it is the within component of economy-wide productivity that is driving this results.
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Schurr, Kelly Laural. "Cognitive Structural Change and the Technological Design Process." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22014.
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With increasing challenges from international competition and domestic demands for a technologically literate workforce, pressure is growing on the educational system to produce students that are literate in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Integrative STEM education utilizes design-based pedagogical approaches to teach science/math content and practices concurrently with technology/engineering content and practices (Wells & Ernst, 2012, para. 2). The discipline of technology education has traditionally implemented design-based pedagogical approaches. However, the discipline has not demonstrated through empirical research that its existence and pedagogies are beneficial to student learning and cognition (Lewis, 1999, 2006; Petrina, 1998; Wells, 2008, 2010; Zuga, 1994, 1997, 2001).The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the technological design-based approach to teaching biotechnology literacy supports students\' connections of science and technology concepts. Grounded in Ausubel\'s (1968) theory on meaningful learning and Novak\'s (1980) advanced organizer of concept mapping, this study examined evidence of high school students\' cognitive structural change throughout the technological design-based approach to instruction. At three key intervals throughout the technological design process, students developed concept maps to document their understanding of the biology and technology concepts presented within the instructional materials. Data for this study included the students\' constructed concept maps. To analyze the concept maps, the researcher used Hay et al.\'s (2008) three-method analysis for measuring the quality of students\' learning, and a qualitative analysis.
Data analysis across all four methods indicated that all participants experienced a varying degree of growth in biology, technology, and integrative concepts and connections. Collectively this study supports the notion that the technological design-based approach to instruction does indeed (1) encourage meaningful learning, and (2) increase students\' use of higher order thinking indicated by their abilities to demonstrate their use of schematic and strategic knowledge within their concept maps. The results of this study have direct implications within the areas of Technology Education, Science Education, classroom practice, and concept mapping. The discussion and implications suggest the need to expand the research conducted within this study, and to improve the methods for concept mapping analysis.
Ph. D.
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Diarra, Lacina. "Essays on Structural Change, Agricultural and Economic Development." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69032.
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Cette thèse étudie d'une part la relation entre les institutions foncières et la transition de la main-d'œuvre du secteur agricole vers le secteur non-agricole. D'autre part, elle explore l'effet de la réallocation du travail en dehors du secteur agricole sur l'efficience sectorielle. Elle se compose de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre utilise les données de l'Ouganda pour identifier l'effet causal de la sécurité foncière sur la probabilité qu'un ménage passe du secteur agricole au secteur non-agricole dans sa stratégie de diversification de ses activités. Nous développons tout d'abord un modèle d'allocation du temps du travail dans lequel les ménages sont confrontés à des coûts hétérogènes dans leur transition de l'agriculture vers le secteur non-agricole. L'utilisation des terres agricoles comme collatéral pour obtenir des prêts peut aider à financer ces coûts à condition que le ménage détienne des droits de propriété sur celles-ci. Nous utilisons par la suite ce modèle théorique pour dériver un modèle empirique de choix binaire estimable. Nous comparons deux modèles qui corrigent l'endogénéité, notamment le modèle biprobit et le régresseur spécial. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'une augmentation d'un pourcent de la proportion de parcelles titrées appartenant à un ménage augmente la probabilité que ses membres participent à une activité non-agricole de 9,02%, pour le modèle biprobit, et de 11,6% pour le régresseur spécial. Le deuxième chapitre utilise les données de la Tanzanie pour analyser l'effet causal de la sécurité foncière du ménage sur les probabilités d'achèvement de l'école primaire pour les enfants en milieux ruraux conditionnellement au genre. Notre stratégie empirique tient compte de la sélection et s'appuie sur le modèle biprobit pour obtenir des estimateurs consitents. Nos résultats montrent que la sécurité foncière affecte positivement et significativement la probabilité d'achèvement des études primaires, avec un effet fortement influencé par le sous échantillon des filles. Ces résultats suggèrent que la sécurité foncière pourrait être un levier iii efficace pour réduire les inégalités liées au genre dans l'accès à l'éducation et augmenter le taux d'achèvement des études dans les zones rurales. Le troisième chapitre examine la relation entre la participation au travail non agricole et l'efficience technique des agriculteurs en Tanzanie. En incorporant l'approche des effets aléatoires corrélés (CRE) au modèle de frontière stochastique "true" de Greene, nous tenons formellement compte des problèmes d'endogénéité potentiels. Nos résultats suggèrent que la participation au travail non-agricole augmente l'efficience technique de 13,32 % points de pourcentage. L'inefficience technique moyenne est de 0,2489, ce qui indique que les agriculteurs produisent en dessous de la frontière technique optimale, avec un écart de 24,89 % par rapport à la frontière des possibilités de production. Ces résultats impliquent qu'à l'échelle nationale, la réallocation de la main-d'œuvre à son meilleur usage possible, combinée à des choix de cultures en fonction des signaux du marché augmenterait la production agricole globale de 24,89 points de pourcentage.This thesis investigates the relationship between land institutions and the agricultural labor transition to the non-agricultural sector. It also explores the effect of a large-scale labor movement out of the farming sector on sectoral efficiency. It consists of three chapters. The first chapter uses micro-level data from Uganda to identify the causal effect of land tenure security on the likelihood that a household switches from the agricultural to the nonagricultural sector as a source of livelihood. We first develop a parsimonious occupational choice model in which households face heterogeneous costs of switching from the agricultural to the non-agricultural sector. Using farmland as collateral for loans can help finance these costs provided the switcher has secured property rights over it. We use this theoretical model to derive the empirical binary-choice model to be estimated. We compare two models that mitigate endogeneity issues, including the biprobit and the special regressor (SR) model. We find that a one percent increase in the proportion of titled plots owned by a household increases the probability that its members engage in off-farm activities by 9.02%, for the biprobit model, and by 11.6% for the SR model. The second chapter uses data from three rounds of the Tanzania Living Standard Survey to analyze the causal effect of household land tenure security on children's primary school completion probabilities conditional on gender. School attendance being considered as a reallocation of child labor to a non-agricultural opportunity. The empirical strategy accounts for educational selectivity and relies on a biprobit model to obtain consistent estimates of this causal effect. I find that land tenure security positively and significantly affects children's primary school completion, with an effect strongly driven by girls. Land tenure security increases girls' primary school completion probabilities by roughly 3.68 − 6.3 percentage points but has an ambiguous effect on boys' probabilities. These results suggest that land tenure security v could be an effective policy lever to reduce the gender gap in education and increase school completion rate in rural areas. The third chapter investigates the relationship between off-farm work participation and technical efficiency among smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Incorporating the correlated random effects (CRE) approach to Greene's "true" stochastic frontier model, I account formally for potential endogeneity issues. The results suggest that participation in non-agricultural work increases technical efficiency by 13.32 percentage points. The average technical inefficiency is 0.2489, indicating that farmers produce below the optimal technical frontier, with a 24.89% deviation from the production frontier. These results imply that there is a potential for rural farmers to increase agricultural output even with the current level of available factors of production. Reallocating labor to its best possible use, combined with crop choices based on market signals, would increase overall agricultural production by 24.89 percentage points.
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Yudiarsah, Efta. "Change transport through molecules structural and dynamical effects /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1219343872.
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Noack, Frederik [Verfasser]. "Structural Change in Resource-Abundant Economies / Frederik Noack." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047096854/34.
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Kinfemichael, Bisrat Temesgen. "CONVERGENCE IN SECTORAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1002.
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The dissertation examines catching up in labor productivity across countries and across US states. It also studies the role of financial development and inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) on labor productivity and structural change. Chapter one studies unconditional convergence in labor productivity in cross section of countries. Using disaggregated service sector data for 101 countries, we find unconditional convergence in labor productivity for the service sector. The aggregate service sector yields a large unconditional convergence coefficient of -0.028, while for individual sub-sectors we find a similar presence of unconditional convergence. Since the service sector, as part of the "modern" sector now also faces international competition, unconditional convergence in labor productivity in this sector is not totally unwarranted. Given Rodrik's recent findings of unconditional convergence in labor productivity in the manufacturing sector (2013) and the observed failure of unconditional convergence of per capita GDP, our findings of unconditional convergence in the service sector suggest that we need to look carefully at methodological issues such as "aggregation bias" and the huge divergence of other sectors such as the agricultural sector as a potential solution to this anomaly. In chapter two, we investigate secoral unconditional convergence in labor productivity in the US sates using two series of data sets for the period 1987-1997 and 1998-2013. We have found evidence for catching up in labor productivity in the US states for the majority sectors. There is no evidence for unconditional convergence for the mining sector in 1-digit classification for 1980-1997 and manufacturing and utilities sectors in 2-digit classification for the recent data (1998-2013). The aggregate per capita GDP convergence test shows evidence for convergence for the 1980-1997 data but no evidence for convergence in the recent data consistent with the existing literature. The same factors that were considered responsible for regional convergence in the US, such as migration and falling cost of education, could work in the opposite direction to cause divergence in per capita income in recent years. Chapter three considers the relationship between financial development, inflow of foreign direct investment, labor productivity and structural change variables for 41 countries in Groningen Growth and Development 10-sector database for the period 1971-2012 using panel-VAR methodology. The effect of financial development on total labor productivity and employment share in sectors depend on the income level and geographical locations. We find that financial development has a significantly positive effect on total labor productivity of high income European countries, the United States, and for middle income Latin American counties. We do not find evidence for the positive effect of financial development on labor productivity for low income and middle income countries except for Latin American countries. The result does not show a significant effect of financial development on sectoral employment and value added shares. Inflow of FDI has a statistically significant negative effect on employment share of agriculture in middle income countries, and positive effect on the employment share of the manufacturing sector in middle income Asian countries.
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Fernández, Marwil Jhonatan Dávila. "FIVE ESSAYS ON STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1064408.
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This doctoral dissertation is divided in two parts. In part 1, we investigate, from a multi-sectoral perspective, one of the most important processes of structural change of the last fifty years, namely, the increase in relative importance of the financial sector, or financialisation. The term financialisation remains an unclear concept in social science. Our main innovation consists in conceptualise financialisation as an increase in the financial content in monetary terms of each unit of output produced. In this way, we are able to investigate changes in relative importance of financial activities considering interactions among sectors. In part 2, we extend Goodwin's growth cycle model to an open economy set up in a way that incorporates the balance-of-payments constraint to growth, i.e. Thirlwall's (1979) law.
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Barth, Volker. "Integrated assessment of climate change using structural dynamic models." Hamburg : Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorologie, 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968535933.
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Hollstein, Till Ferdinand. "Essays on Industrial Policy, Structural Change, and International Trade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663253.
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The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the impact of patterns of trade on the structural composition of an economy. We show that trade affects an economy’s productivity by shifting labor across broad sectors and reallocating resources across firms within sectors.
In the first chapter, we examine how the introduction of a labor subsidy in the manufacturing sector affects manufacturing employment in a Ricardian trade model. Furthermore, the trade-off between subsidy distortions, dynamic productivity gains in the manufacturing sector and gains from trade are examined. We derive a critical labor subsidy. If a labor subsidy is larger than this critical subsidy, TFP growth in the manufacturing sector is higher than in the agricultural sector and the economy industrializes. Accelerated TFP growth can outweigh the welfare reducing distortions of labor subsidies in the long run.
In the second chapter, we investigate the role of quality of traded goods. We analyze a U.S. import data set and show that firms within a sector may find it profitable to export different quality levels and the quality of exported goods is bimodally distributed within these sectors. We address these results by extending the standard heterogeneous firms trade model with endogenous intermediate input quality choice and assuming that there exists quality complementarity between a firm’s capability and their choice of intermediate input quality.
In the third chapter, we examine the interrelationship between patterns of trade and premature deindustrialization. We develop a multi-sector two-economy model that allows for inter- and intra- industry trade and find an additional channel through which a developing economy may deindustrialize. Manufacturing production requires intermediate inputs that must be imported from high-income economies. The foreign technology embodied in those inputs reduces the relative price of manufactured goods over services. This effect is independent of trade openness in the manufacturing sector.
Summarizing, the thesis emphasizes the role of international trade on economic growth, structural composition, and firm selection and studies the consequences of their interdependence.
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Dahlin, Peter. "Structural change of business networks : developing a structuration technique." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-124.
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Grundmann, Rainer [Verfasser]. "Fertility and structural change in developing countries / Rainer Grundmann." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1090965761/34.
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Hüttel, Silke [Verfasser]. "Structural Change in Agriculture : - An Empirical Analysis - / Silke Hüttel." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1124366229/34.
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Zeileis, Achim, and Christian Kleiber. "Validating multiple structural change models. An extended case study." Institut für Statistik und Mathematik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/280/1/document.pdf.
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In a recent article, Bai and Perron (2003, Journal of Applied Econometrics) present a comprehensive discussion of computational aspects of multiple structural change models along with several empirical examples. Here, we report on the results of a replication study using the R statistical software package. We are able to verify most of their findings; however, some confidence intervals associated with breakpoints cannot be reproduced. These confidence intervals require computation of the quantiles of a nonstandard distribution, the distribution of the argmax functional of a certain stochastic process. Interestingly, the difficulties appear to be due to numerical problems in GAUSS, the software package used by Bai and Perron.Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Pereira, Manuel Bernardo Videira Coutinho Rodrigues. "Effects of fiscal policy: measurement issues and structural change." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3431.
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Doutoramento em EconomiaConsiderable uncertainty surrounds the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy. The re-search presented in this dissertation firstly aims at improving on the methods used to measure such effects - which feature vector autoregressions (VARs) as the basic tool. The investigation is partly carried out using structural VARs. The methodological innova¬tions in that part concern the joint identification of fiscal shocks vis-a-vis monetary policy shocks and the estimation of a model with time-varying parameters using a non-recursive identification scheme. I also use reduced-form VARs to assess the effects of a novel shock measure, derived from budget forecasts, that is arguably free of anticipatory movements. The second aim of the dissertation is to present empirical results for the US, focusing on the way the impacts of the government budget on the economy have changed over time. The thesis is divided into three essays. In the first one, I present evidence that taxes and transfers were the most important force attenuating the severity of recessions up to the eighties, surpassing the role of monetary policy. Fiscal policy has, however, become less effective in stimulating output in the course of the last decades. The findings in the second and the third essays corroborate this conclusion. Such a change in effectiveness is particularly marked for the shock measure that is relatively unaffected by anticipation, which features multipliers with non-conventional signs in the recent period. In general, these findings call for more research on the factors that intervene in the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy and can bring about important variation in its impacts.
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Perron, Pierre, and Gabriel Rodríguez. "GLS detrending, efficient unit root tests and structural change." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117533.
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We extend the class of M-tests for a unit root analyzed by Perron and Ng (1996) and Ng and Perron (1997) to the case where a change in the trend function is allowed to occur at an unknown time. These tests M(GLS) adopt the GLS detrending approach of Dufour and King (1991) and Elliott, Rothenberg and Stock (1996) (ERS). Following Perron (1989), we consider two models: one allowing for a change in slope and the other for both a change in intercept and slope. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the tests as well as that of the feasible point optimal tests PT(GLS) suggested by ERS. The asymptotic critical values of the tests aretabulated. Also, we compute the non-centrality parameter used for the local GLS detrending that permits the tests to have 50% asymptotic power at that value. We show that the M(GLS) and PT(GLS) tests have an asymptotic power function close to the power envelope. An extensive simulation study analyzes the size and power in finite samples under various methods to select the truncation lag for the autoregressive spectral density estimator. An empirical application is also provided.Extendemos los estadísticos tipo M para una raíz unitaria analizados por Perron y Ng (1996) y Ng y Perron (2001) al caso donde se permite que el cambio en la función de tendencia ocurra en un punto desconocido. Estos estadísticos (MGLS) adoptan el enfoque GLS para eliminar la tendencia desarrollado por Elliott et al. (1996) (ERS) siguiendo los resultados de Dufour y King (1991). Siguiendo a Perron (1989), consideramos dos modelos: uno que permite un cambio en la pendiente y otro que permite tanto un cambio en el intercepto como en la pendiente. Derivamos las distribuciones asintóticas así como el estadístico óptimo factible en un punto de la hipótesis alternativa (PT GLS) sugerido por ERS. También computamos el parámetro de no centralidad utilizado por el enfoque GLS local a la unidad con el fin de eliminar la tendencia que permite que el estadístico PT GLS tenga 50% de potencia asintótica en ese valor. Asimismo, se han tabulado los valores críticos asintóticos de los estadísticos. Mostramos que los estadísticos MGLS y PT GLS tienen una función de potencia asintótica cercana a la envolvente de potencia. Un estudio de simulación analiza el tamaño y potencia en muestras finitas bajo varios métodos para seleccionar la truncación para estimar la densidad espectral autorregresiva. Finalmente, también se presenta una aplicación empírica.
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Huang, Huilin. "Modelling structural change in the U.S. demand for meat." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42003.
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Recent empirical research on meat demand has debated whether or not
the effects of changing meat prices can explain all the observed changes
in meat consumption patterns. This thesis provides a framework for
modelling and testing for structural change using three commonly used
demand system -- a linear demand system, an inverse demand system, and
the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Emphasis is placed on the
statistical adequacy of the models. Two specific issues are carefully
addressed: consumer concern for cholesterol and its effect on meat
demand, and the dynamics of adjustment in meat consumption.
When modelling the demand for beef, pork, chicken and turkey, none
of the three demand systems are found to be statistically adequate, and
consequently, cannot be used to address structural change issues for
these particular data and commodities. The AIDS models are re-estimated
in an attempt to model the demand for beef, pork, chicken and fish
instead of turkey. The dynamic versions of the AIDS models using either
a gradual shift spline path, a Farley-Hinich path, a variable measuring
cholesterol awareness, or the log of the cholesterol awareness variable
are all statistically adequate. Likelihood ratio tests on these models
indicate that structural change has occurred. The significance of the
cholesterol variable in the demand models indicates that health concern
is an important factor in meat purchasing decisions.
Master of Science
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Ashbolt, Debbie Ann. "Adaptability in architecture : designing for structural and programmable change." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6002.
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Marden, Samuel. "Agriculture, development and structural change in reform-era China." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3264/.
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Market based reforms to China’s agricultural sector, between 1978 and 1984, marked the start of the reform era. The reforms were enormously successful, resulting in dramatic increases in both agricultural productivity and output. The first two chapters of this thesis are an empirical exploration of the consequences of the agricultural reforms for the growth of China’s non-agricultural sector and the pattern of Chinese urbanisation. The third chapter uses the interaction between differential rural income growth and the One Child Policy, to shed light on how declining family size has fuelled the latent demand for sex selective abortion in China and beyond. The first chapter explores the link between agricultural productivity and industrialisation in the context of reform era China. A classic literature argues that, at low levels of development, improvements in agricultural productivity can provide an important stimulus to the nonagricultural sector, however empirical evidence of this is limited. Using a natural experiment provided by China’s agricultural reforms, I show that higher agricultural productivity growth had a substantial positive causal effect on non-agricultural output. I use the predictions of a simple two sector model, which nests the possibility of linkages through demand externalities, the supply of capital, and the supply of labour, to provide additional results indicating that the linkages I observe appear to be driven primarily by increases in the supply of capital. In the second chapter, I ask how higher agricultural productivity affected China’s urbanisation. In 1978, at the time of the reforms, more than 80% of China’s population lived in the countryside. By 2011, fewer than 50% did. Whether agricultural productivity increases the pace of urbanisation is theoretically ambiguous, and depends on whether the effect of higher rural incomes is more than offset by the increased demand for urban goods. I show that increased agricultural productivity not only increased the pace of urbanisation between 1978 and 1995, it also affected the type of cities that formed. Higher agricultural productivity increased the output of the urban service sector, at the expense of the tradable industrial sector. The results are consistent with a simple model where urbanisation and structural transformation are jointly determined. In the third chapter, I use China as a setting to explore the hypothesis that the increase in male-female sex ratios observed in China, and many other parts of the world, over the past fifty years is, at least in part, driven by the demographic transition to smaller family sizes. Since 1979, the One Child Policy has imposed economic, and sometimes non-economic sanctions, for breaching proscribed fertility levels. The economic sanctions have meant that, within a class of households, the 1CP may have constrained the fertility of poor households more than rich ones. Using plausibly exogenous variation in household income, I show that richer, less constrained households, had higher fertility in the wake of the implementation of the One Child Policy. I then show that this increase in fertility is associated with a subsequent decline in sex selection. The decline in sex selection is roughly contemporaneous with the emergence of pre-natal ultrasound which dramatically reduced the costs of sex selective abortion. Together, the results suggest that China’s dramatic decline in fertility in the 1970’s, may have played an important role in fuelling the demand for sex selection from the mid 1980’s onwards.
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Zou, Lijie. "Toward an improved understanding of software change." Thesis, Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo, [School of Computer Science], 2003. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/lzou2003.pdf.
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Thesis (M.Math)--University of Waterloo, 2003."A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Mathematics in Computer Science. Includes bibliographical references.
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Allen, Barbara. "Leading Change Together: Reducing Organizational Structural Conflict through a Dialogic OD Approach using Liberating Structures." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/91.
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As leaders must increasingly find ways to include and engage others in a power-with approach to competently meet today’s complex challenges, the problem occurs when they find themselves stuck within pre-existing systems structured for exclusion and power-over others. These conventional structures are a source of systemic conflict. This participatory action research/cooperative inquiry case study focuses on the topic of leading organizational change collaboratively in the space between formal hierarchical structures and informal human dynamics using a qualitative methodology. The purpose of this study is to understand how a newly developed Liberating Structures Problem Solving (LSPS) model of facilitation helps participants of a contract manufacturing firm navigate this space through a collaborative dialogic organization development (OD) approach to change within a hierarchical organization structure. The theoretical underpinning of this research is a dialogic OD approach to change using Lipmanowicz and McCandless’s liberating structures group processes grounded in complexity science and social constructionism. The methodological approach is cooperative inquiry, a form of radically participative action research. Triangulation of data was employed using video-recordings, observations, reflections and interviews. The study involved 21 participants from different functions and levels within the organization. Findings demonstrate the importance of including diverse participants in dialogic events; improved communication and relationships; reduced tooling costs; and a modified organizational macrostructure to be more inclusive. Implications of this study suggest the LSPS model was instrumental in helping this organization shift from conventional leadership structures towards a shared leadership approach that helped ignite transformational change.
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Gambetti, Luca. "Evolving macroeconomic dynamics and structural change: applications and policy implications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7342.
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The present thesis is a collection of three separate essays, each corresponding to a chapter.Each essay represents an application of structural dynamic analysis within TVC-VARmodels. In the first chapter, coauthored with Fabio Canova, we investigate the relationshipbetween changes in output and inflation and monetary policy in the US. There are variationsin the structural coefficients and in the variance of the structural shocks but only the latterare synchronized across equations. The policy rules in the 1970s and 1990s are similar asis the transmission of policy disturbances. Changes in inflation persistence are only partlyexplained by monetary policy changes. Variations in the systematic component of policyhave limited effects on the dynamics of the system. Results are robust to alterations in theauxiliary assumptions.In the second chapter, coauthored with Fabio Canova and Evi Pappa, we examine thedynamics of US output and inflation. We show that there are changes in the volatility ofboth variables and in the persistence of inflation. Technology shocks explain changes inoutput volatility, while a combination of technology, demand and monetary shocks explainvariations in the persistence and volatility of inflation. We detect changes over time in thetransmission of technology shocks and in the variance of technology and of monetary policyshocks.In the third chapter we study whether hours worked rise or fall after a positive technologyshock. According to the existing evidence it depends on whether they enter the VAR in levels(hours rise) or growth rates (hours fall). We argue that conflicting results may ultimatelyarise because important structural time variations in the US economy are a priori ruledout by empirical models. We identify technology shocks as the only shocks driving long-runlabor productivity using postwar US quarterly data. We find that, under both specificationsfor hours (levels and growth rates), (i) hours fall, and (ii) technology shocks explain about11-23% of total aggregate fluctuations giving rise to positive but small correlations betweenoutput and hours. Differences with respect to fixed coefficients VAR are due to instabilitiesin the relationship between labor productivity and levels of hours.To conclude, the main contribution of the present research work as a whole is twofold.First, from an empirical perspective, we provide new evidence on some important macroeconomicissues of the US economy. In all the applications new interesting results, absentin standard VAR, emerge. Second, from a theoretical perspective, we contribute to developnew tools useful for policy analysis within the class of TVC-VAR models.
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Kauffmann, Albrecht. "Structural change during transition : Is Russia becoming a service economy?" Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1430/.
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This paper analyses the structural change in Russia during the transition from the planned to a market economy. With regard to the famous three sector hypothesis, broad economic sectors were formed as required by this theory. The computation of their shares at GNP at market prices using Input-Output tables, and the adjustment of results from distortions, generated as side effects of tax avoidance practices, shows results that clearly reject claims that Russia would be on the road to a post-industrial service economy. Instead, at least until 2001, a tendency of "primarisation" could be observed, that presents Russia closer to less-developed countries.