Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structural blockages

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Structural blockages'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 October 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Structural blockages"

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Bin Ali, M. T., K. V. Horoshenkov, and S. J. Tait. "Rapid detection of sewer defects and blockages using acoustic-based instrumentation." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 1700–1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.183.

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Sewer flooding incidents in the UK are being increasingly associated with the presence of blockages. Blockages are difficult to deal with as although there are locations where they are more likely to occur, they do occur intermittently. In order to manage sewer blockage pro-actively sewer managers need to be able to identify the location of blockages promptly. Traditional closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspection technologies are slow and relatively expensive so are not well suited to the rapid inspection of a network. This is needed if managers are to be able to address sewer blockages pro-actively. This paper reports on the development of an acoustic-based sensor. The sensor was tested in a full scale sewer pipe in the laboratory and it was shown that it is able to find blockages and identify structural aspects of a sewer pipe such as a manhole and lateral connection. Analysis of the received signal will locate a blockage and also provide information on its character. The measurement is very rapid and objective and so inspections can be carried out at much faster rates than using existing CCTV technologies.
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Altarabsheh, Ahmad, Mario Ventresca, Amr Kandil, and Dulcy Abraham. "Markov chain modulated Poisson process to stimulate the number of blockages in sewer networks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 12 (December 2019): 1174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0104.

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Blockage failure is the most common type of operational failure in sewer networks that can cause loss of service and flooding, which can result in environmental pollution, health risks, property damage, and traffic disruption. There are currently very few blockage prediction models that are either deterministic in nature or depend only on static factors in predicting blockages. This study aims to overcome these drawbacks in the current blockage prediction models and proposes a methodology that aims to predict the expected number of blockages in sewer networks as a function of pipe conditions (dynamic variable) and pipe physical attributes (static variables) using a Markov chain modulated Poisson process modeling framework. The framework is applied to case study sewer network in the city of Sahab, Jordan, that contains information about the pipes’ physical attributes and their current condition. Bayesian analysis is then performed to evaluate the proposed framework.
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Rosin, T. R., Z. Kapelan, E. Keedwell, and M. Romano. "Near real-time detection of blockages in the proximity of combined sewer overflows using evolutionary ANNs and statistical process control." Journal of Hydroinformatics 24, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2022.036.

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Abstract Blockages are a major issue for wastewater utilities around the world, causing loss of service, environmental pollution, and significant clean-up costs. Increasing telemetry in combined sewer overflows (CSOs) provides the opportunity for near real-time data-driven modelling of wastewater networks. This paper presents a novel methodology, designed to detect blockages and other unusual events in the proximity of CSO chambers in near real-time. The methodology utilises an evolutionary artificial neural network (EANN) model for short-term CSO level predictions and statistical process control (SPC) techniques to analyse unusual level behaviour. The methodology was evaluated on historic blockage events from several CSOs in the UK and was demonstrated to detect blockage events quickly and reliably, with a low number of false alarms.
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DREBLOW, KERSTIN, NIKOLINA KALCHISHKOVA, and KONRAD J. BÖHM. "KINESIN BYPASSING BLOCKAGES ON MICROTUBULE RAILS." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 04, no. 01n02 (April 2009): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048009000958.

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Kinesins are motor proteins which convert the chemical energy of ATP into mechanical energy to move along proteinaceous microtubule rails and to transport different cargoes to defined intracellular destinations. It is well documented that following the track of a single protofilament is the thermodynamically most effective mechanism of kinesin movement along microtubules. However, the question arises what happens when a kinesin molecule encounters a hindrance along the protofilament. The present study describes a simple, cell-free approach which enables to study the effects of structural blockages on kinesin-based transport. This experimental approach uses dimeric conventional kinesin moving nanometre-sized gold beads along immobilized microtubules whose surface has been irreversibly decorated by blocking proteins. We demonstrated that the continuous bead transport temporarily stopped at sites of blockages, but usually continued after a certain resting time. Our results suggest that single dimeric kinesin molecules are able to change to another protofilament if the next tubulin dimer where the second head should bind is blocked. A bypassing mechanism is discussed which is considered to be one fundamental prerequisite to realize a kinesin-mediated cargo-transport along microtubules over long distances, required for e.g., the fast axonal transport in motor neurons.
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Marlow, D. R., F. Boulaire, D. J. Beale, C. Grundy, and M. Moglia. "Sewer Performance Reporting: Factors That Influence Blockages." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 17, no. 1 (March 2011): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000041.

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Martins, Nuno M. C., Dídia I. C. Covas, Silvia Meniconi, Caterina Capponi, and Bruno Brunone. "Characterisation of low-Reynolds number flow through an orifice: CFD results vs. laboratory data." Journal of Hydroinformatics 23, no. 4 (May 3, 2021): 709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2021.101.

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Abstract Pressurised pipe systems transport fluids daily over long distances and sediment deposits are responsible for narrowing the cross-sectional area of the pipe. This reduces the carrying capacity in gravity pipes and increases the energy consumption in rising mains. As partial blockages do not give rise to any external evidence, they are considered the most insidious fault occurring in pipe systems. Thus, the refinement of reliable techniques for detecting partial blockages at an early stage is of great interest to water utilities. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based analysis of the steady-state flow through a sharp-edged orifice which corresponds to the most straightforward partial blockage feature in a pipe. The main motivation is the fact that the interaction between pressure waves and a partial blockage – on which Transient Test-Based Techniques for fault detection are based – is strongly influenced by the pre-transient conditions at the partial blockage. The refined CFD model has been validated by considering experimental data selected from the literature. The comparison of obtained results demonstrates good performance of the numerical model. This authorised exploring in detail the features of the flow through the orifice as a necessary premise to its use within the successive transient analysis.
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Irshad, Ali, Libo Zhu, Bhatti Huma, Aziz Asad, and Quanjun Liu. "Electrical Sensing and Discrimination of Different States of Myoglobin Through Solid-State Nanopore." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.3002.

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Proteins are structurally dynamic macromolecules that exist in various conformations of similar energies. The function of protein usually depends upon its structural formation which is often induced by ligand binding. These conformational changes are of great interest in proteomics and biochemistry. In this work, we extended our knowledge to effectively detect structural perturbations of Mb (Myoglobin) in the presence of OA (Oleic acid) by using a ∼20 nm (diameter) silicon-nitride (Si3N4) nanopore. This interaction can be either specific or non-specific depending upon the concentration of OA in Mb solution. Results of nanopore relied on the succession of current blockages as characterized by their duration, amplitude and event's number. In order to detect the interaction, three kinds of experiments were performed under three different OA/Mb ratios and various event readouts were obtained. First of all, we took the volume ratio of OA/Mb as 4:1 and found that values of dwell time (td ) and current blockage (ΔIb ) were similar to Mb (only) translocation. Secondly, giving an increment in the volume ratio of OA/Mb to 10:1 resulted in a significant increase in dwell time (td ) and current blockage (ΔIb ) level. Furthermore, a dramatic decrease in amplitude of ionic current blockage (ΔIb ) and dwell time (td ) was observed at the ratio 20:1 of OA/Mb which indicated that OA/Mb interaction can cause structural instability of myoglobin. This may also disturb charge distributions on amino acid residues which results in variation of above-mentioned parameters. This approach of nanopore sensing can be extensively employed in screening FABPs (Fatty acid binding proteins) and protein conformational studies.
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Schmitz, Joseph, and Kelly Whitworth. "Collaborative Self-assessment in the Academy: Coping with Structural Blockages to Self-discovery." Communication Education 51, no. 2 (April 2002): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634520216507.

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Louis, Skayu. "Sensory access at sxxnitk: Blockages, fluidities and futures." Journal of Environmental Media 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 9.1–9.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00057_1.

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In the summer of 2020, tensions rose at sxxnitk, an ancestral fishing village site, for the Syilx Okanagan Peoples due to a landowner seeking to exclude access to a portion of qawsitk (Okanagan) river. Access to sxxnitk is integral for Syilx Nation building and realizing embodied relationships with the Salmon peoples, which have been hindered by a multiplicity of factors that almost removed salmon completely from the Territory. Sensory access throughout the village site is not only important to rebuild relations with the salmon, but also those with the place itself. sxxnitk remains a portal of relationality with waterscapes from the high mountains into the Pacific Ocean. Waterscapes connect peoples, polities and humans/more-than-humans throughout their spaces of motion. In an era of altered river pathways, intensified relationships grounded in particular waterscapes can help to build relations beyond the structural blockages that fragment the flow of the river and its ecologies. These relationships are important for collaborative healing throughout the watershed. Renewing relations with ecologies of flow and motion bring to question the fragmented jurisdictions that seek to carve up Indigenous territories.
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Podd, F. J., M. T. B. Ali, K. V. Horoshenkov, A. S. Wood, S. J. Tait, J. C. Boot, R. Long, and A. J. Saul. "Rapid sonic characterisation of sewer change and obstructions." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.741.

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This paper reports on the development of a low-cost, rapidly deployable sensor for surveying live sewers for blockages and structural failures. The anticipated cost is an order of magnitude lower than current techniques. The technology is based on acoustic normal model decomposition, The instrument emits short coded acoustic signals which are reflected from any sewer wall defect. The acoustic signals can be short Gaussian pulses or longer sinusoidal sweeps and pseudo-random noise. The processing algorithms used on the reflected signal can predict the extent and geometry of the pipe deformation, and the locations and approximate size of common blockages. The effect of the water level on the frequency of the fundamental mode has also been investigated. It is shown that the technique can be adapted to work reliably in relatively large 600 mm diameter sewer pipes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural blockages"

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Ed-Dahbi, Malika. "La structuration et le développement du sport au Yémen : Contexte et contraintes." Grenoble, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00567221.

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De « l'Arabie Heureuse » à la République du Yémen, le Yémen contemporain réunifié de 1990 connaît des difficultés de développement et de croissance, et reste un des pays les plus pauvres du monde marqué par d'importantes inégalités. Parmi les secteurs prioritaires de développement, le sport et son modèle occidental peut-il connaître un développement au Yémen ? Depuis son introduction vers 1900, par l'occupation Britannique au Yémen du Sud, le sport connaît une histoire coloniale jusqu'à sa réunification avec le Yémen du Nord. Le Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, le mouvement sportif (fédérations et clubs), le mouvement olympique s'attèlent au développement du sport pour des fins de renforcement d'appartenance à la nation et de représentations internationales. Cependant, une multitude des blocages structurels est constatée aussi bien par les dirigeants que par la population jeune représentant les trois quarts de la population. Là où la place de la femme est souvent discriminatoire et réduite à l'espace clos de l'espace familial, la possibilité d'une pratique sportive féminine peut-elle être envisagée ? Entre culture occidentale et culture arabo-musulmane, comment le sport au Yémen se structure-t-il et se développe-t-il ?
From « Arabia Felix » to the Republic of Yemen, contemporary Yemen reunified in 1990 know difficulties of development and growth, and remains one of the poorest country in the world with major inequalities. Among the priority areas of development, sport and Western model know a development in Yemen? Since its introduction around 1900 by the British occupation of South Yemen, the sport has a colonial history until its unification with North Yemen. The Ministry Youth and Sports, the sport (federations and clubs), the Olympic movement getting down to the development of sport for strengthening of national unity and international performances, in respect of Islam. However, a multitude of structural blockages is observed as well by leaders that by youth people representing three quarters of the population. Where the place of women is discriminatory and often reduced to the closed space of family's space, the possibility of women's sport can be considered? Between occidental culture and Arabo-Muslin culture, how sports in Yemen are structured and how can it be the development?
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Ergin, Tuluhan. "A Methodology For Real-time Sensor-based Blockage Assessment Of Building Structures During Earthquakes." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615418/index.pdf.

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During and after earthquakes, occupants inside a damaged building should be evacuated rapidly and safely whereas related units outside the buildings (e.g. first responders) should know the current condition of the building. Obviously, this information should be as accurate as possible and accessed timely in order to speed up the evacuation. Unfortunately, absence of such information during evacuation and emergency response operations results in increased number of casualties. Hence, there arises a need for an approach to make rapid damage and blockage assessment in buildings possible. This study focuses on sensor-based, real-time blockage assessment of buildings during earthquakes and it is based on the idea that
the blocked units of a building (e.g. corridors) can be assessed with the help of different types of sensors. The number and locations of these sensors are arranged in such a way that it becomes possible to picture the current condition of the building. Sensors utilized in this study can be listed as accelerometer, ultrasonic range finder, gyro sensor, closed cable circuit and video camera. The research steps of this thesis include (1) examination of the damage indicators which can cause blockage, (2) assessment of the monitoring devices, (3) expression of the conducted experimental studies in order to assess blokage condition of a corridor unit, (4) proposing an sensor fusion approach, and (5) presentation of the performed case study as an implementation of the blockage assessment. The findings of this research can be made use of in future studies on sensor-based blockage assessment.
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Acquah, Phyllis V. "Inhibition of Margination and Diapedesis of Neutrophils by Protein Synthesis Blockade." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1439.

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), an age-old clinical problem facing the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Units of all health systems, is a common debilitating lung condition consequent upon severe systemic inflammation. Although several studies have gone into understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease thus making way for new advances in treatment strategies, there seems to be no known study tailored to its prevention. Neutrophil extravasation within the tissues during inflammation is the hallmark of this syndrome. Our study sought to block excessive neutrophil infiltration by inhibiting the biosynthesis of some essential proteins necessary for the process. In this initial study, neutrophil transmigration was successfully reduced by 66% using protein synthesis inhibitors, a combination of puromycin and anisomycin. Our strategy, if fine-tuned, could form the basis of a new clinical strategy for the prevention of ARDS.
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Ahn, Hee Seok. "Heat transfer enhancement in single-phase forced convection with blockages and in two-phase pool boiling with nano-structured surfaces." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5869.

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The first study researched turbulent forced convective heat (mass) transfer down- stream of blockages with round and elongated holes in a rectangular channel. The blockages and the channel had the same cross section, and a distance equal to twice the channel height separated consecutive blockages. Naphthalene sublimation experiments were conducted with four hole aspect ratios (hole-width-to-height ratios) and two hole-to-blockage area ratios (ratios of total hole cross-sectional area to blockage area). The effects of the hole aspect ratio, for each hole-to-blockage area ratio, on the local heat (mass) transfer distribution on the exposed primary channel wall between consecutive blockages were examined. Results showed that the blockages with holes enhanced the average heat (mass) transfer by up to 8.5 and 7.0 times that for fully developed turbulent flow through a smooth channel at the same mass flow rate, respectively, in the smaller and larger hole-to-blockage area ratio (or smaller and larger hole diameter) cases. The elongated holes caused a higher average heat (mass) transfer and a larger spanwise variation of the local heat (mass) transfer on the channel wall than did the round holes. The second study explored the heat transfer enhancement for pool boiling on nano-structured surfaces. Experiments were conducted with three horizontal silicon surfaces, two of which were coated with vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with heights of 9 and 25 ¹m, respectively, and diameters between 8 and 15 nm. The MWCNT arrays were synthesized on the two silicon wafers using chemical vapor deposition. Experimental results were obtained over the nucleate boiling and film boiling regimes under saturated and sub-cooled (5±C and 10±C) boiling conditions. PF-5060 was the test fluid. Results showed that the MWCNT array with a height of 25 ¹m enhanced the nucleate and film boiling heat fluxes on the silicon surface by up to 380% and 60%, respectively, under saturated boiling conditions, and by up to 300% and 80%, respectively, under 10±C sub-cooled boiling conditions, over corresponding heat fluxes on a smooth silicon surface. The MWCNT array with a height of 9 ¹m enhanced the nucleate boiling heat flux as much as the taller array, but did not significantly enhance the wall heat flux in the film boiling regime.
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Banting, James Douglas. "Assessment of the impact of acute and chronic nitric oxide synthase blockade on functional and structural components of the cardiovascular system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27815.pdf.

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Usmani, Suhail. "Charge transport in the assemblies of magnetic, non-magnetic and spin-cross over nano-structures." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0012.

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La compréhension des propriétés de transport de charge des nanostructures métalliques et magnétiques est très importante pour le développement et la miniaturisation des dispositifs fonctionnels modernes. En particulier, les nanostructures synthétisées chimiquement sont intéressant car elles permettent de mieux contrôler leur forme et leur taille, ce qui peut être utilisé pour ajuster leurs propriétés de transport de charge. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les aspects différents des propriétés de transport de charge qui résultent de la petite taille et de la nature magnétique de différents types de nanostructures comprenant des nanoparticules de Pt (1,3-3 nm), des particules magnétiques FeCo (⁓10 nm), et complexe de coordination à base de triazole Fe (II). Pour préciser davantage, des phénomènes tels que le blocage de Coulomb, la magnétorésistance tunnel et la transition de spin seront mis en évidence. En fonction de la propriété souhaitée, ces nanostructures peuvent être exploitées pour leurs applications dans divers capteurs, actionneurs et dispositifs spintroniques, etc
Understanding charge transport properties of metallic and magnetic nano-structures is highly important for the development and miniaturization of modern functional devices. In particular, chemically synthesized nano-structures are in focus as they provide better control over their shape and size, which can be used to tune their charge transport properties. The aim of this thesis is to study the various aspects of charge transport properties which emerge due to the small size and magnetic nature of different types of nanostructures which include Pt nanoparticles (1.3-3 nm), FeCo magnetic particles (⁓10 nm), and Fe (II) triazole based coordination complex. To further specify, phenomenon such as Coulomb blockade, tunnel magnetoresistance and spin-transition will be in focus. Depending on the desirable property, these nanostructures can be exploited for their applications in a variety of sensors, actuators and spintronic devices etc
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Ho, Chun-Wei, and 何俊瑋. "Total Capacitance Minimization Clock Synthesis with Blockage-Avoiding Hybrid-Structure Network." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uzw34k.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
105
Circuit delay has become a crucial concern in high performance VLSI system, and is increasingly affected by process variation at nano-node technologies. Additionally, power dissipation of clock tree should be minimized in order to meet the system power requirement. Clock distribution networks share a huge portion of power among all chip elements. The power consumption of the clock distribution network can account for up to 40\% of the entire chip power budget. The tradeoff between the circuit delay and power consumption is hard to be dealt with. In addition, as the technology node scale below 65nm, the on-chip-variation (OCV) has become a serious concern, especially for the skew of clock network. Since the higher skew has the negative influence on the maximum clock frequency, reducing the skew variation can improve timing yield. Among the different methods suggested for process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations reduction, clock mesh provides high robustness to variations due to the redundant path. However, clock meshes suffer from several drawbacks such as high power dissipation, difficulty in analyzing and automating because of multiple paths and many mesh nodes. By contrast, conventional clock tree structure is commonly used due to low power consumption, less routing resource usage. Nevertheless, a tree-based network is highly sensitive to PVT variations. In this thesis, we propose to use the hybrid structure that combines tree-based and mesh-based structures for power and skew trade-off methodology. First, the mesh pitch is determined initially that is based on the local skew distance provided by the ISPD 2010 contest. Next, the sink loading contained in each lattice is evaluated. If the maximum sink loading within each mesh lattice is too large to be driven by the biggest size buffer, the pitch size will be re-compute in order to shrink until the sink loading is drivable. Then, we propose a mesh loading balance algorithm to minimize the difference of sink loading in each lattice. While the construction of the mesh is settle down, the local tree in each lattice will be constructed and the local tree root will simply connect to the nearest mesh stub as the tapping point. We will treat the tapping points as the top-level tree sinks for building the top-level tree, and then we adopt extended-DME algorithm to handle the obstacle routing. Experimental results suggest that hybrid-structured clock network can minimize the total capacitance under skew constrains.
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Lin, Z., D. Pokrajac, Yakun Guo, D.-S. Jeng, T. Tang, N. Rey, J. Zheng, and J. Zhang. "Investigation of nonlinear wave-induced seabed response around mono-pile foundation." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11244.

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Yes
Stability and safety of offshore wind turbines with mono-pile foundations, affected by nonlinear wave effect and dynamic seabed response, are the primary concerns in offshore foundation design. In order to address these problems, the nonlinear wave effect on dynamic seabed response in the vicinity of mono-pile foundation is investigated using an integrated model, developed using OpenFOAM, which incorporates both wave model (waves2Foam) and Biot’s poro-elastic model. The present model was validated against several laboratory experiments and promising agreements were obtained. Special attention was paid to the systematic analysis of pore water pressure as well as the momentary liquefaction in the proximity of mono-pile induced by nonlinear wave effects. Various embedment depths of mono-pile relevant for practical engineering design were studied in order to attain the insights into nonlinear wave effect around and underneath the mono-pile foundation. By comparing time-series of water surface elevation, inline force, and wave-induced pore water pressure at the front, lateral, and lee side of mono-pile, the distinct nonlinear wave effect on pore water pressure was shown. Simulated results confirmed that the presence of mono-pile foundation in a porous seabed had evident blocking effect on the vertical and horizontal development of pore water pressure. Increasing embedment depth enhances the blockage of vertical pore pressure development and hence results in somewhat reduced momentary liquefaction depth of the soil around the mono-pile foundation.
Energy Technology Partnership (ETP), Wood Group Kenny, and University of Aberdeen; the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51425901) and the 111 project (B12032).
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Komárková, Zuzana. "Nejčastější problémy v oblasti pletence ramenního u basketbalistek a možnosti fyzioterapeutického ovlivnění." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338014.

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Title The most often problems in shoulder girdle of women basketball players and options of physiotherapeutic affect. Objectives The main goal of the thesis is in theoretical part to summarize potentional problems in shoulder girdle of basketball players, options and solutions of these problems. There is complex examination of shoulder girdle of dominant upper limb of women basketball players in an experimental part and figure out where is the main problem in this part. Methods There are two parts of the thesis, the first one is the theoretical background for second experimental part where complex functional physiotherapeutic examination of shoulder girdle with using of aspection, palpation and special tests for shoulder girdle were made. The most often problems in shoulder girdle of women basketball player has been determined by using the results of testing process. Results Testing of shoulder girdle of women basketball players showed how often blockage of ribs is. Blockage of fifth rib was present in 90% of the probands, frequent was also decentred position of shoulder and shoulder blade, hypertone of upper fixators of shoulder blade and pectoral muscles. Most of probands had restriction of passive motion to segment in thoracic spine and hypermobility of shoulder. Often was present weakness of...
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Books on the topic "Structural blockages"

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African Forum & Network on Debt & Development., ed. Trade and debt blockages--which way forward?: Financing for development & debt. Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe: African Forum & Network on Debt & Development, 2003.

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Commission, Health &. Safety. Review of Current Blockage Effects on Space-Frame Structures. Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 1997.

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Lerman, Imanuel R., Joseph Hung, Dmitri Souzdalnitski, Bruce Vrooman, and Mihir Kamdar. Celiac Plexus Blockade and Neurolysis: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0032.

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Image-guided celiac plexus neurolysis can provide substantial and long-lasting pain relief in patients suffering from malignant pain from upper abdominal viscera. When performed by experienced hands, celiac plexus neurolysis also appears to be a relatively safe procedure with a limited side effect profile. Multiple imaging modalities are available for this procedure, though no single approach has systematically been proven superior in terms of efficacy or side effect profile. Each imaging guidance modality has advantages and disadvantages. Given the ability to visualize soft-tissue structures, CT guidance is recommended over fluoroscopy when intentionally transgressing into the retroperitoneum for celiac plexus neurolysis. It is also recommended in those patients with complicated anatomy, where anatomic distortion may complicate successful celiac blockade. However, in the patient without significant tumor burden involving the celiac axis and/or pancreatic body/tail, the fluoroscopy-guided retrocrural approach has been demonstrated to be efficacious, and complications are exceedingly rare.
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Tumber, Paul Singh, and Philip W. H. Peng. Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0037.

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Ultrasound-guided nerve blockade for chronic pain offers advantages over blind landmark-based and fluoroscopic techniques. It allows visualization of soft-tissue structures and spread of the injectate while limiting ionizing radiation exposure. Interventionalists must have both a clear understanding of the anatomy that is being visualized on the ultrasound image and the ability to safely place a needle to the desired target site. Neural blockade of the suprascapular nerve can be useful in the management of chronic shoulder pain such as adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tear, and glenohumeral arthritis. Intercostal nerve blocks can be helpful for painful conditions that affect the thorax or upper abdomen. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve local anesthetic block may provide analgesia for procedures involving the region, such as skin harvesting. The pudendal nerve block may be useful for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in certain cases of chronic pelvic pain involving pudendal neuralgia.
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Backman Rogers, Anna. Still Life: Notes on Barbara Loden's "Wanda" (1970). punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0326.1.00.

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There is indeed a "miracle" in the 1970 film Wanda. This film has survived, despite decades of neglect, to emerge into the fuliginous light of an era that may just be ready to strain at grasping its harsh and brutal truths -- truths that reveal the imbrication of the psychic in the social and the experiential in political structures. Barbara Loden's film dares to suggest that the social and ethical functions of art should not necessarily be redemptive – that salvation is a cheap and spurious form of consolation that few can afford in this world. This film, made by a woman who knew all too well what it means to be defined through and by her material circumstances (and her relationships to men), and that is so relentlessly ferocious in its refusal to assuage and comfort the viewer, has always been a form of future feminism. Wanda does not brook the comforts of positivity, of aspiration, or even the luxury of selfhood. This film, Still Life contends, is so radical in its feminist-anti-capitalist politics of refusal that we are still struggling to keep up with it. It delineates precisely how the personal is political and why this matters now more than ever. Wanda, a film about a woman who refuses to be saved or to save herself, who lacks the means and energy to alter anything in her life, who lives in a permanent state of blockage, impasse and failure is, as this publication suggests, the film of our contemporary moment.
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Mease, Philip. Biologic treatments for psoriatic arthritis apart from TNF inhibition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0030.

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Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immunologically mediated inflammatory disease characterized by arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, spondylitis, and psoriasis. Prior to the introduction of targeted biologic medications, such as TNF inhibitors, the ability to control disease activity was limited, with only modest effects noted with traditional oral medications such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine. The introduction of TNF inhibitors substantially changed the outlook of PsA patients, yielding significant response in all relevant clinical domains and demonstrating the ability to inhibit progressive structural damage of joints. However, not all patients responded to these agents and many patients displayed initial response which waned over time, partly due to immunogenicity (development of antibodies which blocked full therapeutic effect of the biologic protein), or because of tolerability and side effect issues. Thus, it has been important to develop new medicines which target other key cytokines and immunologic pathways. Several medicines with a different mechanism of action have been approved or are in development for the treatment of PsA. Ustekinumab inhibits both IL12 and IL23 and thus is felt to work in both the TH1 and TH7 pathways of inflammation. The oral medicine apremilast inhibits phosphodiesterase 4, thus modulating the cyclic AMP pathway in immunologic cells, yielding an anti-inflammatory effect. Both of these medicines have been approved for the treatment of PsA as well as psoriasis. An emerging group of therapies, the IL17 inhibitors, has demonstrated significant effectiveness in psoriasis and PsA and one of these, Secukinumab, has been approved for psoriasis, PsA, and AS. Other medicines in development include the co-stimulatory blockade agent, abatacept, oral Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and an emerging group of therapies which inhibit IL23. As modulators of immune cell function, these agents have the potential to increase risk for infection, as well as other side effects. These must be discussed with the patient and considered when determining overall risk benefit analysis regarding their use. The emergence of medicines with a different mechanism of action than TNF inhibition has broadened and strengthened our ability to effectively treat PsA.
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Book chapters on the topic "Structural blockages"

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Weinmann, Dietmar, Wolfgang Häusler, Kristian Jauregui, and Bernhard Kramer. "Spin Blockades in Electron Transport." In Quantum Dynamics of Submicron Structures, 297–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0019-9_24.

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Wharam, D. A., and T. Heinzel. "Coulomb Blockade in Quantum Dots." In Quantum Dynamics of Submicron Structures, 311–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0019-9_25.

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Hanke, Ulrik, Yu Galperin, and K. A. Chao. "Intrinsic Noise in Coulomb-Blockaded Devices." In Quantum Dynamics of Submicron Structures, 411–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0019-9_32.

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Abusch-Magder, David, M. A. Kastner, C. L. Dennis, W. F. Dinatale, T. M. Lyszczarz, D. C. Shaver, and P. M. Mankiewich. "Coulomb Blockade in a Silicon Mosset." In Quantum Transport in Semiconductor Submicron Structures, 251–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1760-6_12.

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Golding, Brian. "Introduction." In Towards the “Perfect” Weather Warning, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98989-7_1.

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AbstractWe outline the objectives of the book, setting them in the context of disaster risk management in a changing world and introducing the role of warnings in mitigating weather-related disasters. We describe the warning value chain, linking the needs of the decision-maker with forecasting capability; identify the blockages where information is lost, which we call the “valleys of death”; and introduce partnership as the core theme of the book. We then summarise the structure of the book and of each chapter, concluding by emphasising the importance of having a governance framework to monitor performance, inform troubleshooting and determine investment.
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Deamer, David W., Hugh Olsen, Mark A. Akeson, and John J. Kasianowicz. "Mechanism of Ionic Current Blockades during Polymer Transport through Pores of Nanometer Dimensions." In Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymers, 165–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0401-5_10.

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Wexler, Paul. "The advantages of a blockage-based etymological dictionary for proven or putative relexified languages." In Structure and Variation in Language Contact, 183–99. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.29.10wex.

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Clark, David E. "Chapter 12. Computational Prediction of Aqueous Solubility, Oral Bioavailability, P450 Activity and hERG Channel Blockade." In Computational and Structural Approaches to Drug Discovery, 207–22. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847557964-00205.

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Srikrishnan, S., V. Jayakumar, and P. K. Dash. "Feasibility Study of Detonation Wave Initiation by Multiple Structured Blockages in a Plain Tube." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 11–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3254-2_2.

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Baumgardt, Douglas R. "Sedimentary Basins and the Blockage of Lg Wave Propagation in the Continents." In Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Regional Wave Propagation and Crustal Structure, 1207–50. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8262-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structural blockages"

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Yu, Xiaoyong, Yonghao Zhang, Peiyao Qi, Yusheng Liu, Shouxu Qiao, and Sichao Tan. "Experimental Study of Characteristics of Flow Field in Rod Bundle Channel Under Blocking Conditions." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-65498.

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Abstract The rod bundle fuel is characterized by compact structure and narrow flow passage. The fragments and corrosion products, flowing with the coolant, can cause local blockage accident, threaten the integrity of the fuel cladding. Therefore, it is necessary to use the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to visualize and measure the flow fields downstream of the blockages. The results show that partial blockages will cause flow reversal. In the backflow zone, vortices are generated downstream of the blockage, causing increase in the resistance. The length of backflow zone increases with the increase of the Reynolds number. The wake area formed downstream of the blockage presented periodic changes with the time and the period is about 0.8s. For the blockage of the interior subchannels, in the backflow zone, two rows of asymmetrically distributed vortices, and the vortices interfere with each other and cause squeeze deformation. For the blockage of the side and corner sub-channels, the formed vortices have irregular shape and nonuniformed distribution, and the flow field is more complex and changeable. This is believed to be caused by the high intensity turbulence and the influence of the wall.
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Ling, Julia, Sayuri D. Yapa, Michael J. Benson, Christopher J. Elkins, and John K. Eaton. "3D Velocity and Scalar Field Measurements of an Airfoil Trailing Edge With Slot Film Cooling: The Effect of an Internal Structure in the Slot." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68364.

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Measurements of the 3D velocity and concentration fields were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging for a pressure side cutback film cooling experiment. The cutback geometry consisted of rectangular slots separated by straight lands; inside each of the slots was an airfoil-shaped blockage. The results from this trailing edge configuration, the “island airfoil,” are compared to the results obtained with the “generic airfoil,” a geometry with narrower slots, wider, tapered lands, and no blockages. The objective was to determine how the narrower lands and internal blockages affected the average film cooling effectiveness and the spanwise uniformity. Velocimetry data revealed that strong horseshoe vortices formed around the blockages in the slots, which resulted in greater coolant non-uniformity on the airfoil breakout surface and in the wake. The thinner lands of the island airfoil allowed the coolant to cover a larger fraction of the trailing edge span, giving a much higher spanwise-averaged surface effectiveness, especially near the slot exit where the generic airfoil lands are widest.
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Bhopte, Siddharth, Bahgat Sammakia, Madhusudan K. Iyengar, and Roger Schmidt. "Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Under Floor Blockages on Flow Distribution in a Data Center Cell." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33540.

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Due to the increase in the rack power of computer equipment, in recent years, thermal management of data centers has become a challenging problem. Data center facilities with raised floor plenums are the most popular configuration from a ducting configuration perspective. The under floor plenum serves as a distribution chamber for the cooling air. Plenums are also used to route piping, conduits and cables that bring power, server network connections, and supply coolant to the air conditioning units. Computational modeling studies have shown that, these under floor blockages impede the flow of cold air from the air conditioning units and yield unpredictable air flow patterns. In this paper, the impact of under floor blockages on flow distribution in a data center is experimentally investigated. A data center experimental cell with one server rack and one air conditioning unit is examined. A number of perforated tiles and their resistances are altered to achieve variable flow patterns under the raised floor. Using previously established guidelines for the placement of under floor structures (piping, etc.) three different scenarios are studied, i.e. no blockages, blockages in critical flow path and blockages in safe flow path are considered. Experiments were carried out for two different tile designs, with free area ratios of 16% and 30%, respectively, and three tile configurations. A detailed comparison between the experimental and CFD model results are presented for several different cases, showing good agreement. Blockages if placed in critical path are shown to significantly reduce the supply tile flow rates which directly affects the thermal performance of the corresponding server. Blockages are shown to have minimal impact when they are placed in safe path. Based on CFD model and experimental results, guidelines on managing under floor blockages are verified. Emphasis has been given to the routing the blockages from safe paths and to keeping critical paths blockage free.
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Bang, Sami, Sarah Mouring, and Tori Tomiczek. "Wave Forces on Coastal Structures: Blockage Effects." In OCEANS 2021: San Diego – Porto. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans44145.2021.9705905.

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Kozlov, Alexey V., Hafiz M. Atassi, Amr A. Ali, and David Topol. "Modelling Fan Noise Produced by Downstream Mounting Structural Blockage." In 23rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3871.

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Ye, Yi, Xueying Li, Jing Ren, and Hongde Jiang. "Effect of Holes Shape on Cooling Performance of Trailing Edge of Gas Turbine Blade With Perforated Blockages With Inclined Holes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63219.

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In this paper, we conduct an experimental and computational study about trailing edge cooling of a gas turbine blade with perforated blockages with inclined holes. The internal cooling passage is modeled as a wide square channel with 2 parallel blockages. There are 7 inclined holes in each blockages. The holes have an inclined angle of 30°, and the adjacent impingement holes have opposite orientations with each other, so that both up and down wall could be cooled. There are 2 patterns of configurations. The basic one has round shape holes with a diameter of 20 mm (D). The second one has oval shape hole which is made up of two parallel lines with the length of 20mm and two opposite semicircle with a diameter of 20 mm. This design is aimed at enlarging the opening area of the blockages. The height of the cooling channel is 2D and the width of the cooling channels is 20D. The space between each hole is 3D. The distance between two blockages is 5D. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of holes shape on heat transfer performance, both heat transfer coefficient and friction factor are evaluated. Heat transfer coefficient is measured using transient liquid crystal method. And pressure dissipation is measured by three holes probe. The Reynolds Number ranges from 10000 to 20000. The result shows that round shape structure has the highest average heat transfer coefficient as well as the highest friction factor. And oval shape structure has the lowest average heat transfer as well as the lowest friction factor. The main reason of this phenomenon is opening area ratio. Oval shape structure has bigger opening area and lower flow resistance. Round shape structure has a lower opening area ratio which result in stronger impingement flow. To investigate the flow characteristic of these structures in detail, numerical simulations was conducted. The mesh for each structure contains approximately 4 million cells. The result shows a clear picture of flow inside the inclined holes.
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Wang, Yifan, Guangwu Tang, Armin K. Silaen, Albert J. Kirk, and Chenn Q. Zhou. "Investigation of Hot Water Injection Effects on Reducing Frozen Blockage in a Water Intake Unit." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71033.

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The major issues affecting lake water intake structures and pipelines are frazil ice events during the winter time that reduce the intake water flow. These events can completely block the trash rack and unexpectedly shut down the intake facility. The blockages of intake trash racks occur in cold weather and under water, making them difficult to observe and measure. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models provide a valuable method of understanding the operating conditions and phenomena that occur inside the water intake with different blockage percentages. Hot flow is simulated to be injected into the water intake to against the frazil ice formation. Simulation results include the flow velocity, mass flow rate and the water temperature distribution. The injected flow includes hot water and steam bubbles. It is concluded that hot water injection can only heat the water flow below the trash rack, but steam bubble injection rises throughout the geometry and produces turbulences along the bubble paths.
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Taylor, P. H. "Current Blockage: Reduced Forces on Offshore Space-Frame Structures." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/6519-ms.

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Bryant, Renae. "Educational Blockade: Structural Inequities in Segregated Southern High Schools." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1444849.

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Ho, Chun-Wei, and Shao-Yun Fang. "Capacitance Minimization Clock Synthesis with Blockage-Avoiding Hybrid-Structure Network." In 2019 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispacs48206.2019.8986407.

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Reports on the topic "Structural blockages"

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Standifer, Kelly M., Hibah O. Awwad, Vanessa I. Ramirez, Courtney Donica, Larry Gonzalez, Vibhudutta Awasthi, Paul Tompkins, Daniel Brackett, and Megan Lerner. Blockade of Nociceptin Signaling Reduces Biochemical, Structural and Cognitive Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546266.

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