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Rapelanoro, Nady. "Essai empirique sur les conséquences de l’expansion de la liquidité globale dans les pays destinataires." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100073/document.
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Depuis l’article séminal de Baks et Kramer (1999), le concept de la liquidité globale est souvent revenu au cœur de l’actualité, car les facteurs de son développement ont été considérés comme ayant indirectement participé aux développements des déséquilibres précédents la crise financière de 2008. Face à ces enjeux, la littérature s’est largement concentrée sur l’approche de la stabilité financière dans les pays émetteurs. Contrairement à cette approche, les recherches développées dans cette thèse se concentrent la perspective des pays destinataires de la liquidité globale, en particulier les pays émergents. Ainsi pour répondre à la problématique principale de l’identification des effets de reports de la liquidité globale, cette thèse propose une analyse en trois chapitres du phénomène. Premièrement, à travers une généralisation de l’analyse de la problématique de la stabilité financière dans les pays émergents. Deuxièmement, en analysant comment le comportement d’accumulation des pays destinataires affecte les conditions de la liquidité globale dans les pays émetteurs. Troisièmement, en analysant au niveau national le comportement des autorités monétaires pour prémunir leurs économies des effets de l’expansion de la liquidité globaleSince the seminal paper by Baks and Kramer (1999), the concept of global liquidity catch once again the attention because the factors of its expansion are considered in the literature as having contributed to the development of vulnerabilities prior to the global financial crisis. Given the importance of global liquidity issues, the literature has largely focused on the financial stability approach in the issuing countries. Contrary to this approach, the research developed in this Ph.D. thesis relies principally on the receiving countries perspective, particularly the emerging countries. Accordingly, in order to answer our main problematic regarding the identification of global liquidity spillovers into the receiving countries, this thesis proposes a three chapters analysis of the phenomenon. First, we focus on a generalization of the financial stability concerns into the emerging countries. Second, we analyze how the reserve accumulation behavior in the receiving countries affects the global liquidity conditions in the main issuing country. Third, we center on the monetary authorities behavior in order to isolate their economies from the effects of the global liquidity expansion
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Mortatti, Caio Marcos. "Fatores condicionantes do crescimento econômico no Brasil: um estudo empírico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-20122011-095151/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar empiricamente os principais fatores condicionantes do crescimento econômico brasileiro, no período de 1970 a 2010, a partir de um modelo de autoregressão vetorial estrutural seguindo especificação neoclássica da teoria macroeconômica de crescimento. Para isso, o estudo inicia-se com o enfoque teórico dos modelos de crescimento econômico e prossegue com a análise empírica do caso brasileiro utilizando o ferramental de séries temporais. Os principais resultados empíricos obtidos sugerem que: (i) a formação bruta de capital fixo, o capital humano e o grau de abertura da economia são instrumentos importantes de formulação de políticas de crescimento econômico; (ii) há um efeito da curva J na dinâmica da taxa de câmbio; e (iii) há diferenças nas elasticidades de curto e longo prazo, promovendo diferentes abordagens para políticas de planejamento econômico entre as variáveis.This research aims to empirically analyze the main conditioning factors of the Brazilian economic growth for the period 1970-2010 using a structural vector autoregression model following a neoclassical specification for the macroeconomic theory of economic growth. In order to do it, the analysis starts with the theoretic approach of the economic growth models and part to the empirical approach to the Brazilian case, using time series analysis. The mean partial empirical results suggest that: (i) gross fixed capital formation, followed by human capital and trade openness are important instruments of economic growth policy; (ii) there is an J curve e_ect on the dynamics of the exchange rate; and (iii) there are di_erences in the short and long-run elasticities, promoting di_erent approaches to economic planning policies between the variables.
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Östhem, Frida, and Emelie Fredell. "Kapitalcirkus : Vad påverkar svenska börsnoterade företags val av kapitalstruktur?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2813.
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Kutin, Nikola. "Market structure in the Container Liner Shipping Industry : an analysis of the maritime network, port efficiency and competition." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2025/document.
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La présente thèse a pour ambition d’évaluer la structure de marché du transport maritime de lignes régulières, en particulier au regard de l’intégration maritime au sein de l’ASEAN. Les problématiques principales abordées dans le cadre de ce travail sont liées aux déterminants fondamentaux des taux de fret, à la connectivité maritime, à l’efficacité portuaire et à la compétition sur les routes maritimes. Les analyses reposent sur l’utilisation d’outils méthodologiques précis tels que les modèles Markov-Switching Vecteur Autorégressifs, la Théorie des graphes, l'Analyse d'enveloppement des données, l'Analyse en composantes principales et le partitionnement de données. Les résultats permettent d’identifier trois cycles économiques entre 2003 et 2017, et montrent que le développement de la flotte a eu des effets négatifs non négligeables sur les taux de fret. L’étude illustre que le classement portuaire change en fonction des différents coefficients de centralités. Les résultats de l’analyse de la modularité confortent l’intuition d’une bonne connectivité maritime intra-ASEAN. De plus, le réseau maritime de l’ASEAN possède des attributs similaires aux flux d’échanges commerciaux. Cette analyse de l’intégration maritime régionale est complétée par une étude plus approfondie permettant de visualiser les ports les plus efficaces de la communauté. Une dernière analyse de la compétition sur les routes maritimes met en avant les trajets sur lesquels le nombre d’entreprises en concurrence est le plus élevé. Au final, la thèse permet de mieux comprendre comment est organisé le transport de conteneurs au niveau mondial et régional, et comment s’effectue l'intégration maritime de l’ASEAN dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondialeThis dissertation aims to analyze the structure and the evolution of the Container Liner Shipping Industry by paying particular attention to the maritime integration of ASEAN member states. The factors behind freight rates, maritime connectivity, port efficiency and competition on maritime routes are the central topics of research. Methodological tools such as Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressive Approach, Graph Theory, Data Envelopment Analysis, as well as Principle Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis are employed. The findings from the research show that between 2003 and 2017 three economic cycles occurred and that fleet development had the most profound negative impact on freight rates. The Network Analysis of 153 ports confirms a hub-and-spoke nature of the shipping network. The study illustrates that port rankings change according to different centrality measures. It also demonstrates that ASEAN member states form a cluster of interconnected ports, and their shipping network has the same features as the intra-regional country exports. To complete the analysis of ASEAN maritime integration, this research outlines the most efficient ports within the community and the optimum container handling capacity. Competition on maritime routes, with respect to the country and region of origin and the destination, is also evaluated by highlighting the most concentrated routes in terms of number of competing firms. Moreover, the findings of this dissertation provide key answers to understanding how the industry is organized at global and regional levels, and the extent of maritime integration of the ASEAN region within the global supply chain
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Capek, Jan, and Cuaresma Jesus Crespo. "We just estimated twenty million fiscal multipliers." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6451/1/WP268.pdf.
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We analyse the role played by data and specification choices as determinants of the size of the fiscal multipliers obtained using structural vector autoregressive models. The results, based on over twenty million fiscal multiplier estimated for European countries, indicate that many seemingly harmless modelling choices have a significant effect on the size and precision of fiscal multiplier estimates. In addition to the structural shock identification strategy, these modelling choices include the definition of spending and taxes, the national accounts system employed, the use of particular interest rates or inflation measures, or whether data are smoothed prior to estimation.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Han, Jing. "Essays on Business Cycles and Monetary Policy." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243891082.
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FUKUDA, REGINA KAZUMI. "ESTIMATING VAR MODELS FOR THE TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9633@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRONessa dissertação seguimos o artigo de Evans e Marshall (1998) e propomos novas abordagens para modelar o desenvolvimento conjunto de variáveis macroeconômicas e retornos de títulos de renda fixacom diversas maturidades. Os modelos são estimados e comparados com outros, já tradicionais na literatura, baseados em modelos auto- regresivos univariados ou de correção de erros. em seguida, os novos modelos são utilizados para avaliar se a informação contida nas variáveis macroeconômicas e na estrutura a termo das taxas de juros ajuda a melhorar a capacidade de previsão. A principal conclusão é que, se o interese maior está em previsões de curto prazo, então não há melhoria significativa ao agregar outras informações que não sejam aquelas já contidas em observações passadas do próprio rendimento em questão. se, no entanto, o interesse maior está em previsões de longo prazo (que é o caso de fundos de previdência, sejam eles abertos ou fechados), então a informação inerente às variáveis macroeconômicas consegue melhorar o desempenho preditivo.
In this dissertation we follow Evans and Marshall (1998) and propose new approaches for modeling the joint development of macro variables and the returns of government bond yields of several maturities. The models are estimated and compared with other forecasting schemes previously proposed in the literature, especially those relying on univariate, VAR and error correction methods. The models are then used to judge the hypothesis that the information content of macro variables and the term structure of interest rates as a whole helps improving forecasting performance. Our main conclusion is quite simple: if one is interested in computing short term forecasts, then there is no significant improvement in incorporating information other than the one already present in past observations of the yield at hand; however, if one worries about long term forecasts (which is frequently the case of pension insurance companies), then the information content of macro variables and the term structure can improve forecasting performance
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Bassil, Charbel. "Politique monétaire et changement structurel aux Etats-Unis." Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2010CERG0486.pdf.
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Cette thèse consiste d’abord à faire le point sur la théorie économétrique des tests de racine unitaire autorisant ou non la possibilité d’une ou de plusieurs ruptures. Ces tests sont ensuite appliqués à un ensemble de séries macroéconomiques américaines. Ensuite nous étendons l’analyse au cas multivarié de type VAR, afin d’examiner la stabilité ou non des mécanismes de propagation des impulsions monétaires. Nous envisagerons alors la possibilité de ruptures multiples, à des dates inconnues a priori. La pertinence de cette extension sera examinée à la lumière de l’analyse de la politique monétaire américaine depuis le début des années soixante. Dans un premier temps, nous considérons deux modèles structurels, dans lesquels nous identifions une règle de Taylor. Dans le premier modèle nous utilisons l’output gap, le taux des fonds fédéraux et le taux d’inflation courante comme variables endogènes. Dans le deuxième modèle nous utilisons l’output gap, le taux des fonds fédéraux et le taux d’inflation anticipée comme variables endogènes. Ceci devrait permettre d’une part de contribuer à l’évaluation des effets d’un changement de politique monétaire sur l’output gap américain et les deux taux d’inflation, et d’autre part de comparer l’efficacité de la politique monétaire américaine entre différentes périodes. Dans un deuxième temps, nous considérons les mêmes modèles mais cette fois nous supposons trois chocs estimés simultanément, un choc de demande, un choc d’offre et un choc monétaire. Nous cherchons par cela à identifier les sources de fluctuations dans les variables en questionThis thesis summarizes first the econometric theory of unit root tests whether it allows or not one or multiple structural breaks. These tests are then applied to a set of U. S. Macroeconomic series. Then we extend the analysis to the multivariate model, such as a VAR, to examine the stability of the propagation mechanisms of a contractionary monetary shock. Thus, we will consider the possibility of multiple breaks at unknown dates. The relevance of this extension will be considered in light of the analysis of U. S. Monetary policy since the early sixties. Initially, we consider two structural models, in which we identify a Taylor rule. In the first model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the current inflation rate as endogenous variables. In the second model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the expected inflation rate as endogenous variables. This should firstly help to assess the effects of monetary policy change on the output gap and the two U. S. Inflation rates, and secondly to compare the effectiveness of the American monetary policy between different periods. In a second step, we consider the same models but this time we assume three shocks estimated simultaneously, a demand shock, a supply shock and a monetary shock. This should help us to identify the sources of fluctuations in the variables in interest
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de, Silva Timothy H. "Are Volatility Expectations in Different Countries Interdependent? A Data-Driven Solution to Structural VAR Identification for Implied Equity Volatility Indices." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1772.
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Over the past couple of decades, the number of volatility indices has increased rapidly. These indices seek to represent the market’s expectation of realized volatility over the coming month, based on the prices of options traded on each underlying equity index. Although the dynamics of realized volatility spillover have been studied extensively, very few studies exists that examine the spillover between these volatility indices. By using DAG-based structural vector autoregression, this paper provides evidence that implied volatility spillover differs from realized volatility spillover. Through solving the well-known VAR identification problem for these indices, this paper finds that Asia, more specifically Hong Kong, plays a central role in implied volatility spillover during and after the 2008 financial crisis.
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Sullivan, Melinda Jo. "Characterization and Management of the Race Structure of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10292004-152059/.
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Deployment of tobacco cultivars with single-gene (Ph), complete resistance to race 0 of the tobacco black shank pathogen has resulted in a rapid increase in the occurrence of race 1 in N.C. A four-year cultivar rotation study was conducted in three fields to assess how different levels and types of resistance affected the race structure and population dynamics of the pathogen. In a mixed race field, the high level of partial resistance in ?K 346? was most effective in reducing disease and race 1 populations decreased. The deployment of complete resistance in ?NC 71? resulted in intermediate levels of disease, and race 1 increased. ?K 326?, with a low level of partial resistance, had the highest levels of disease, and race 0 was dominant. In a field where no race 1 was detected initially, disease incidence was high with the use of partial resistance. Complete resistance was very effective in suppressing disease, but race 1 was recovered after only one growing season. By the end of the third growing season, race 1 was recovered from most ?NC 71? treatments. In a field where race 1 was predominant, a high level of partial resistance was most effective in controlling disease and race 0 increased rapidly. A rotation of single-gene resistance and a high level of partial resistance was the most effective rotation for disease management and it minimized race shifts in the pathogen. This may serve to prolong the usefulness of the Ph gene. Populations of race 1 decreased relative to race 0 when cultivars with partial resistance were rotated with complete resistance, suggesting that race 1 isolates are not as fit as race 0 isolates. Experiments were conducted to compare their pathogenic and ecological fitness. Forty isolates of race 0 and 20 isolates of race 1 were used to inoculate tobacco cultivars with low, moderate, and high levels of partial resistance. Race 0 isolates were more aggressive than the race 1 isolates; incubation period was shorter and root rot severity greater with race 0 isolates than with race 1 isolates. Isolates of race 1 caused greater stunting of plants than race 0 isolates. Field microplots were infested with either a single race or an equal mixture of each race. Soil samples were collected and populations determined at the end of each growing season and again the following spring. There were no statistical differences in survival between races, but over both years of the study there was a trend for race 0 to survive better than race 1. One-hundred ninety five isolates of P. parasitica var. nicotianae were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis to characterize the genetic diversity among isolates and within pathogen races 0 and 1. Isolates included 20 diverse isolates and an additional 175 isolates obtained over years from a field in Duplin Co., N.C. From all isolates evaluated, 256 of 304 markers (85%) were polymorphic and provided 106 AFLP profiles. The AFLP phenotypes initially detected within each plot were maintained throughout the study but additional phenotypes were recovered over years. At least 6 race 0 and race 1 isolates collected from a single test plot were similar and clustered together in the unweighted pair-group mean analysis phenogram. Examination of the AFLP profiles showed race 0 and race 1 isolates differed by only 2 to 4 markers. Results indicated that P. parasitica var. nicotianae is diverse and that the multiple occurrences of race 1 that were recovered throughout this field over years were independent events where race 1 was selected from within the pathogen population.
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Burke, Jocelyn W. "Isolation and structure elucidation of diterpenes from Kalmia angustifolia L. (var. caroliniana) /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487586889188629.
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Modin, Johan. "An Interest Rate Benumbed : Evidence from a structural VAR; can a structural break be found in recent monetary policy transmission?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376792.
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The reliability of monetary policy as an economic stabilisation tool depends on the understanding of the empirical effects of policy intervention on macroeconomic aggregates. Since investigating the interdependencies between macroeconomic variables necessarily involves studying their interactions over time, time series analysis is an important tool. This thesis sets out to examine the presence and effects of nonstationarity in the form of a structural break in a basic VAR of four endogenous variables. Specifically, the transmission of a monetary policy shock on the macroeconomic aggregate of 11 Euro Area countries is estimated for the period 1999–2017, employing variables based on previous studies. A Quandt-Andrews breakpoint test is used to identify the break date, and a comparison is made between the periods. This study finds support for the presence of a break in the regression estimate from the breakpoint test, although the reults from the IRFs cannot be shown to be statistically significant, nor to be bias-free.
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Meuris, Patrick. "Vormen van verklaren : de globale structuur van alledaagse verklarende teksten /." Gent : Koninklijke academie voor Nederlandse taal- en letterkunde, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390390263.
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Stockhammer, Engelbert, and Özlem Onaran. "Accumulation, distribution and employment. A structural VAR approach to a Post-Keynesian Macro Model." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1220/1/document.pdf.
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The paper investigates the relation between effective demand, income distribution and unemployment empirically. Its aim is to evaluate Keynesian, Kaldorian and neoclassical hypotheses about the determination of labor market variables. To do so, a vector autoregression model consisting of capital accumulation, capacity utilization, the profit share, unemployment and the growth of labor productivity is estimated. A general post-Keynesian model following the lines of Kalecki and Kaldor is presented and provides the specification for a structural VAR. The model is estimated for the USA, UK and France. (authors' abstract)Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"
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Akusuwan, Mutita. "A small quarterly macroeconometric model for the Thai economy : a structural cointegrating VAR approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614921.
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Neri, Stefano. "Structural VARs and DSGE models: applications to macroeconomics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7334.
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Los argumentos de la tesis son los modelos VAR estructurales y los modelos dinámicos de equilibrio general ambos aplicados a la macroeconomía.El primer capítulo analiza, por medio de modelos VAR, los efectos de la políticas monetaria y fiscal sobre el producto interior bruto (PIB) y
el nivel de los precios en la economía norteamericana a partir de los años sesenta. Ambas políticas producen efectos pequeños. El capítulo demuestra que si en un modelo VAR para el análisis solo de la política monetaria se incluyen variables fiscales, sus efectos se educen de la mitad.
El segundo capítulo analiza los efectos de aumentos de los tipos de interés a corto plazo sobre los índices de bolsas en los países que forman el G-7 y en España. Los efectos, en general negativos y transitorios, son diferentes en termino de reducción de los índices entre los países analizados. Variaciones exógenas de los tipos de interés no parecen ser responsables de los principales movimientos en los índices de bolsa.
El tercer capítulo presenta un modelo de equilibrio económico general en el cual las familias consumidoras pueden invertir en acciones y en depósitos bancarios. El modelo, calibrado sobre los datos de la economía norteamericana es capaz de reproducir, desde un punto de vista cualitativo, los efectos de la política monetaria sobre el índice de la bolsa.
El ultimo capítulo confronta tres modelos de equilibrio económico general alternativos del ciclo económico. En el primero las fricciones financieras determinan endógenamente costes para variar el nivel de capital. En los otros dos estos costes son exógenos. Los modelos son estimados mediante el método de la máxima verosimilitud utilizando datos sobre la economía norteamericana de 1966 hasta el 2001. El resultado principal es que el primer modelo no parece explicar mejor que los modelos alternativos las dinámicas de las principales variables del modelo.
Chapter 1 investigates if and how the standard results of the VAR literature on the macroeconomic effects of monetary policy, which typically overlooks fiscal policy, are affected when monetary and fiscal policy are jointly considered. To this end, structural VAR models are set up using U.S. post-war data. It is found that the magnitude of the responses of output and price to a monetary policy shock are halved once fiscal policy is considered. Both monetary and fiscal policy shocks have small effects on output and the prices.
Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of monetary policy shocks on stock market indices in the G-7 countries and Spain using structural VARs. A contractionary shock has a negative and transitory effect on stock market indices.
In Chapter 3 a limited participation model with households trading in stocks is set up and validated by means of impulse responses using U.S. data.
The model is able to account for the empirical response of stock prices to monetary policy shocks.
Chapter 4 compares three alternative models of the business cycle that rely on sticky prices and real rigidities in the form of adjustment costs for investment. In the first model these costs arise endogenously as the result of asymmetric information and agency costs. In the second model the costs for adjusting the level of investment are exogenously imposed while in the last model these costs are imposed on the changes in investment. The models are estimated with maximum likelihood using U.S. post-war data. The model with exogenous adjustment costs on the level of investment seems to provide the best representation of the U.S. business cycle and the responses to technology and monetary policy shocks.
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Clairmont, François. "Structure of the insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-73." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/NQ48094.pdf.
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Haenen, Paul. "Weefsels van wederkerigheid : sociale structuur bij de Moi van Irian Jaya /." [S. l.] : [s. n.], 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38927443h.
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Papaikonomou, Dimitrios. "Identifying UK aggregate demand and aggregate supply relations within the long-run structural VAR framework." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9448.
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This thesis is inspired by the ESRC-Cambridge project "Structural Modelling of the UK Economy within a VAR Framework using Quarterly and Monthly Data" and, in particular, the studies by Garratt et al (1998, 2001). The primary aim is to apply the Long-Run Structural Cointegrating VAR approach, developed within the ESRC-Cambridge project, in order to empirically investigate UK Aggregate Demand and Supply. The empirical analysis is intended to complement the recently developed macro-econometric model of the UK in Garratt et al (1998, 2001) by (i) addressing the issue of structural change and (ii) providing an explicit model of the supply-side of the economy. The recently developed techniques in Johansen and Nielsen (1994), Hansen (2000) and Johansen, Mosconi and Nielsen (2000) are utilised in order to control for and assess the possible long-run effects of different exchange rate regimes. In the light of the well documented finite-sample bias, statistical inference relies in large part on simulation methods along the lines of, inter alia, van Giersbergen (1996), Li and Maddala 1997 Harris , and Judge (1998), Mantalos and Shukur (1998), Gredenhoff and Jacobson (1998), Fachin (2000), Jacobson et al (2001) and Greenslade et al (2002). A practical problem concerning the use of these methods for inference on the cointegrating parameters is identified and a solution is proposed. The Generalised Impulse Responses developed in Koop et al (1996) and Pesaran and Shin (1998) and the Persistence Profiles proposed by Lee et al (1992) and Lee and Pesaran (1993a) are used in order to illustrate the dynamic properties of the estimated systems and provide an informal comparison with the Garratt et al (1998, 2001) models.
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Perez, Tomas Rene. "Oil Price and the Stock Market: A Structural VAR Model Identified with an External Instrument." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1595877677072786.
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Bergh, Nestlog Ewa. "Var är meningen? : Elevtexter och undervisningspraktiker." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-22166.
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This is about how pupils in years 4 to 6 of compulsory school and their teachers make meaning in teaching activities and texts. The aim of the study is to investigate the teaching and learning of writing and the pupils’ discursive texts. Another aim is to use linguistic theories and develop methods and analytical concepts for studying teaching practices. Sources for the material are the teaching practices in two classes, the teachers and the pupils. The field studies lasted for two years, consisting of observations and interviews. Twelve pupils’ texts and four writing projects are studied in depth. The theoretical framework is linked to systemic functional linguistics, critical discourse analysis, dialogical conception of language and new literacy studies. Analytical tools are also derived from rhetorical structure theory, relief theory and theory of text sequences. These tools have been adapted and are also applied in the analysis of the teaching practice. To analyse pupils’ meaning making in their texts, a theory of mobility in texts is used. The analyses show two different categories of texts and teaching practices. The hierarchically composed texts are characterized by hierarchies concerning the entire text. The sequentially coupled texts are characterized by many vague relations between text entities. One conclusion is that the students in the hierarchically composed texts develop knowledge during writing. They make meaning recursively when writing and they seem to grasp the text as a whole in a way they do not in the sequentially coupled ones. In the sequentially coupled texts, pupils seem to develop knowledge mostly before they write the text, rather than during the writing. In the hierarchically composed practice the pupils deepen their knowledge about text. The result can be interpreted as showing that pupils primarily need education about global text levels in order to develop text knowledge and subject knowledge. Teaching practice seems to promote all pupils’ meaning making if the practice is characterized by many interpersonal relations in the chains of spoken and written texts and if pupils learn to write texts that can structure their meaning making in a functional way.
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Jennings, Linda Gail. "Structural integration and harmonic progression in Beethoven's string trio in C minor /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Sele, Céleste. "Caractérisation structurale des interactions moléculaires au sein du complexe de réplication du virus de la vaccine." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV085.
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Le virus de la vaccine (VACV) est un grand virus à ADN, modèle du genre orthopoxvirus, et partage plus de 97% d'identité de séquence avec le virus de la variole (VARV), un pathogène humain majeur éradiqué en 1977 grâce au programme de vaccination mondial avec le VACV. Celle-ci ayant été stoppée dans les années 80, un pourcentage significatif de la population mondiale est aujourd'hui considérée comme immunologiquement naïf vis à vis du virus de la variole, ce qui fait de lui un agent bioterroriste potentiel. De plus, la vaccination implique un grand nombre de complications, particulièrement graves chez les personnes immunodéprimées ; et les antiviraux disponibles sont peu développés, ce qui souligne le besoin de nouvelles molécules. Le complexe de réplication apparait comme étant une cible privilégiée, de par son importance dans le cycle viral mais aussi par sa localisation cytoplasmique qui le rend plus accessible aux molécules antivirales. Nous nous sommes intéressés à 4 protéines essentielles de ce complexe : l'ADN polymérase E9, le facteur de processivité composé de la protéine A20 et de l'uracile ADN glycosylase D4 et l'hélicase-primase D5. Nous avons pu exprimer ces protéines de manière recombinante, seules ou en complexe ainsi que les caractériser biochimiquement et biophysiquement. Nous avons finalement abouti à une reconstruction strcuturale du complexe A20D4E9 à basse résolution grâce à la technique de SAXS, ce qui nous a permis de proposer le premier modèle structural de la fourche de réplication du virus de la vaccineVaccinia virus (VACV) is a large DNA virus, prototypic virus of the orthopoxvirus genus, and shows over 97% amino acid sequence identity with the variola virus (VARV), a major human pathogene eradicated in 1977 thanks to the universal vaccination program with VACV. As this vaccination was halted in the 1980s, a significant percentage of the world population is now immunologically naïve, which makes the VARV a potent bioterrorist agent. Vaccination against smallpox may result in a variety of complications, particularly in immunologically depressed patients, and the available antiviral therapeutics are rare, which enhance the need of new molecules. The replication complex appears as an ideal target because of its importance in the viral cycle and its cytoplasmic localization, more accessible for the molecules. We have focused our study on 4 essential proteins of this complex: the DNA polymerase E9, the processivity factor composed by the A20 protein and the uracil DNA glycosylase D4 and the helicase-primase D5. We could express these recombinant proteins, alone and in complex, and characterize them biochemically and biophysically. Using the SAXS technic, we finally reached a low resolution model of the A20D4E9 complex which allow us to propose the first structural model of the vaccinia virus replication fork
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Toumi, Kaouther. "Structure de capital, profitabilité et risques des banques islamiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10064.
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L'objectif de notre thèse est d'étudier les différences qui existent entre les banques islamiques et les banques conventionnelles en termes de structure de capital, de profitabilité et de profil de risque. Les principes qui régissent un système financier islamique sont différents de l'esprit de la finance conventionnelle. Si en finance conventionnelle, la norme qui préside les décisions d'un agent économique est l'optimisation du couple rendement-risque, cette norme n'est pas l'unique ni le principal critère de décision dans l'univers de la finance islamique. L'interdiction des taux d'intérêt et l'exigence d'une certaine éthique dans les transactions financières islamiques (exigence de transparence, partage équitable des profits, interdiction de la spéculation et prise de risque excessive, etc.) représentent les principes fondamentaux de la finance islamique. Nous avons fait émerger un cadre conceptuel nous permettant de comprendre la structure de capital et la profitabilité des banques islamique islamiques grâce à une revue de littérature théorique et empirique. Les théories mobilisées sont liées, d'une part aux théories de structure de capital notamment la théorie de tarde off, la théorie de Pecking Order et la théorie d'agence, d'autres part les théories liées à la profitabilité, notamment les théories de marché et de portefeuille. Les modèles économétriques (la régression logistique binaire, l'analyse discriminante et les modèles de régression sur données de panel) montrent l'existence des différences au niveau de structure du capital et de profitabilité entre les banques islamiques et les banques conventionnelles. Ces différences sont expliquées par les déterminants classiques révélés par la littérature financière. En plus, elles sont déterminées par les caractéristiques propres aux banques islamiques. Notre thèse avait pour objectif également d'identifier un nouveau risque propre aux banques islamiques, le risque commercial déplacé. Ce risque résulte de la gestion des comptes de nature unique, les comptes d'investissement participatifs. Il se manifeste lorsqu'une banque islamique n'assure pas une rentabilité suffisante aux détenteurs de ces comptes. Le modèle interne que nous avons proposé pour la quantification de ce risque, est basé sur la mesure VaR. Il repose sur les pratiques de la banque islamique en termes de rétention de réserves et de partage de profits avec les titulaires des comptes d'investissement. Notre modèle représente une alternatif à la mesure du risque commercial déplacé, à caractère arbitraire et forfaitaire proposé par l'IFSB (2005)The objective of this thesis is to study differences between Islamic and conventional banks. The principles governing an islamic financial system are different from the spirit of conventional finance. If in conventional finance, the standard that preside decisions is the optimization of the risk-return couple, this standard is neither the only nor the main decision criterion in the world of Islamic finance. The fundamental principles of Islamic finance are the prohibition of interest and the requirement of a certain ethic (transparency, fair distribution of profits, prohibition of speculation and excessive risk taking, etc.) in financial transactions. These features impact significantly the capital structure, profitability and risk profile of Islamic banks. We made the emergence of a conceptual framework that allows us to understand the capital structure and profitability of Islamic banks, with a review of theoretical and empirical literature. Theories mobilized are related, first to the theories of capital structure including the theory of trade off, the Pecking Order theory and agency theory, and second on the other theories related to profitability, including the theories of market portofolio. Econometric models (binary logistic regression, discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression) show that there are differences in capital structure and profitability between Islamic banks and conventional. These differences are explained by traditional determinants of capital structure and profitability. In addition, they are explained by the specific characteristics of Islamic banks such as the new agency relationships that are created in an Islamic bank. Islamic banks are exposed to displaced commercial risk, a specific risk in these institutions. This risk results from the Profit sharing investment accounts PSIA and occurs when Islamic bank does not provide sufficient returns to PSIA holders. The internal model proposed to quantify this risk is based on the VaR measure. The proposed measure of risk depends on the practices of Islamic banking in terms of retention of reserves and profit sharing with PSIA holders
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Schlössels, Raymond. "Het specialiteitsbeginsel : over de structuur van bestuursbevoegdheden, wetmatigheid van bestuur en beleidsvrijheid /." DenHaag : Sdu Uitg, 1998. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/270164359.pdf.
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Jiang, Tao. "Capital structure determinants and governance structure vatiety in franchising = Determinanten van vermogensstructuur en variëteit van beheersstructuur in franchise-organisaties /." Rotterdam : Erasmus Universiteit, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789058921994.
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Sparrman, Erika. "Sambandet mellan masurbjörkens (Betula pendula var. carelica) exteriöra struktur och interiöra kvalitét." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76515.
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Björk är ett av Sveriges mest vanliga trädslag med en uppdelning av två huvudarter, glasbjörk och vårtbjörk. Vilka är etablerade i hela landet. Utöver dessa två björkarter finns i Sverige även underarter. En av dessa är masurbjörk, en variant av vårtbjörken. Masurbjörken finns framför allt i södra Sverige och kan knytas an till gamla kulturmarker inom såväl jordbruks- som svedjebrukslandskapet. Masurbjörken har ett mycket speciellt och karaktäristiskt utseende vilket beror på en genetisk störning i tillväxten, något som medför bristningar i kambiet. Det var just detta speciella utseende som gjorde att masurbjörken blev väldigt populär i de svenska folkhemmen. Inom den svenska möbelindustrin har masurbjörk efterfrågats under hela 1990-talet. Det finns ett flertal olika typer av masurbjörk; knölmasur, halsmasur, ringmasur, randmasur och buskmasur vilka skiljer sig åt i både utseende, kvalitativa och egenskaper. Vanligaste är knölmasur. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva den exteriöra och interiöra karaktären hos några utvalda trädindivider vid ett klonförsök av masurbjörk anlagt år 2002 i Bispgården, Jämtland. Samt att analysera sambandet mellan dessa. Detta examensarbete var upplagd som en fältstudie där såväl mätningar som fotografisk dokumentation ägt rum. Den genomförda kvalitetsundersökningen visade att 77% av de undersökta trädindividerna hade exteriöra och interiöra tecken på masurbildning. Av de utvalda träden saknade 22% de exteriöra tecknen medan 6% saknade masur interiört samtidigt fanns en andel om 6% där masurbildningen saknades helt, både exteriört och interiört. Kvalitetsundersökningen visade också att det fanns ett visst samband mellan trädindividernas dimension och höjdtillväxt. Vilket gällde såväl den totala höjdtillväxten som masurbildningens höjdsträckning. När det gällde lämpliga användningsområden för de undersökta trädindividerna visade undersökningen att 40% passade till faner, 27% som knivämnen medan de resterande 33% ansågs lämpliga för övriga slöjdändamål. Ett av det mest överraskande resultatet i kvalitetsundersökningen var den trädindivid som inte visade några som helst tecken på masurbildning varken exteriört eller interiört. Detta var mycket anmärkningsvärt, hur kunde detta komma sig? Med hypotesen att de klonförökade trädindividerna hade 100% masurbildning och masurstruktur, av mer eller mindre omfattning och utbredning. Visade dock studiens utfall på överraskade resultat. Naturen skapar inte alltid förutsättningarna för att generera högkvalitativa träd även om plantorna i utgångsläget hade dessa förutsättningar.Curly birch has a very special and characteristic appearance, which is due to the genetic growth disturbance of the silver birch, which causes rupture in the cambia. This caused the curly birch to become very popular in Swedish family homes throughout the 1990s. Which meant that the Swedish furniture industry demanded curly birch during this period. The most common type of curly birch is the knotted. The purpose of this study was to describe the exteriors and interiors of some selected tree subjects in a cluster of curly birch and to analyze the relationship between them. The quality survey showed that 77% of the tree species surveyed had exterior and interior signs of curly birch formation. 22% lacked exterior characters, 6% lacked interior signs and 6% lacked both exterior and interior signs of curly birch formation. Of the tree species surveyed, 40% fit the category veneers, 27% as knives and 33% were suitable for other handicraft objects. Nature does not always create high-quality trees, even if the material at the outset had those conditions, the most important conclusion of the study.
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Maleček, Petr. "Cross-Border Effects of Fiscal Policies." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199301.
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This study seeks to analyse and quantify cross-border effects of discretionary fiscal policies from two major points of view. The aggregate approach rests on the use of the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR) and its extension, the global vector autoregression model (GVAR). The discretionary fiscal impulse itself is then defined as a change in cyclically adjusted balance of the government sector, calculated at quarterly frequencies. This section is then complemented by a case study of a single measure: the German car scrapping scheme during 2009 and its effects on the Czech economy. It was found that cross-border effects of discretionary fiscal policies may be indeed present, in case certain conditions are met. Importantly, a fiscal impulse has to originate from a sufficiently large economy and there needs to be a tight trade linkage between examined countries. In most cases, cross-border effects have also been found of lesser magnitude than direct impacts of fiscal policies on the domestic country. Finally, as demonstrated on the German-Czech case, even a single fiscal measure can trigger substantial cross-border spillovers. It was estimated that this measure positively contributed to real GDP growth in 2009 in the Czech Republic by 0.44 pp.
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Eld, Möller Adam, and Kewin Framzén. "Var går gränsen? : En fallstudie om gränsproblematik i ett kommunalt samhällsbyggnadsprojekt." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139966.
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Bakgrund: Kommuner har tidigare varit i en förvaltningsfas där de fokuserat på att förvalta samhället och de byggnader som finns. I och med att kommuner har ökat sina investeringar markant de senaste åren indikerar det på att kommuner befinner sig i en ny fas, vilket är samhällsbyggnadsfasen. I den nya fasen handlar kommunernas verksamhet om att förbättra samhället med nya investeringar samt rusta upp de befintliga byggnaderna för att öka kvalitén för medborgarna. De flesta byggnationerna sker i projektform där flera olika förvaltningar och nämnder i kommunen är involverade. Förvaltningar och nämnder har ofta olika intressen och motivationer vilket gör att gränser behöver dras för att precisera projektets innebörd. Med ökade investeringar ökar också risken hos kommunen och gränsproblematiken är en viktig faktor för att lyckas med projektet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med ökad förståelse kring kommunala samhällsbyggnadsprojekt gällande de strukturella och konceptuella gränserna. Vidare syftar studien mer specifikt att bidra med förståelse för nämnda gränser vid etableringsfasen av ett kommunalt samverkansprojekt. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie av ett kommunalt samhällsbyggnadsprojekt. Studien bygger på fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer samt dokumentstudie och observation. Den har en övergripande abduktiv forskningsansats och utgår således från teori och empiri. Slutsats: Studien visar att kommunen använder sig av direktiv och riktlinjer i projekt som skapar gränser för projektgruppen. De upplevs porösa och oklara då projektgruppen inte vet vad som förväntas av dem. Därmed behövs det en tydlig ansvarsfördelning inom projektorganisationen eftersom kommunen är ovana att arbeta i stora investeringsprojekt.Background: For a long time, municipalities have been in an administration phase where the focus have been to administrate the community and existing buildings. Since municipalities in recent years have increased their investments it indicates that municipalities are in a new phase, which is the phase of social structure. The municipality’s work in the new phase is to improve the community with new investments and improve the existing buildings in order to increase quality for the citizens. The municipality’s work is done in projects where several departments are involved. The departments have often different interests and motivations which means that boundaries are required to define the meaning of the project. Increased investment results in higher risk for the municipality and therefore boundaries are an important factor for the project to succeed. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to increase the understanding of boundaries in a municipally social structure projects. Furthermore, the aim is to increase the understanding of boundaries in the establishment phase of a collaboration project. Methodology: This is a qualitative case study of a municipal social structure project. The study is based on semi structured interviews, document studies and an observation. The thesis has an abductive approach. Conclusion: The thesis shows that municipally use directions and guidelines, which creates boundaries for the project organization. However, the boundaries are vague and the project organization do not know what is expected of them. Therefore, it is important with a distinct responsibility distribution within the project organization because of municipality's unfamiliarity to work in large investment projects.
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Bisognini, Kátia Vieira. "Dinâmica da dívida pública do Brasil: uma aplicação do modelo VAR estrutural." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17025.
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The public debt sustainability is essential for the development and growth of a country. Countries that seek economic expansion in the short/medium term without maintaining a sustainable fiscal policy can incur to the problem of explosive trajectory of public debt, compromising their development and growth in the long term. This work aims to analyze the dynamics of Brazilian public debt through the structural vector autoregressive approach (SVAR) during the period of 2003 to 2015. For that, the model proposed by Apergis and Cooray (2015) to analyze the Greek public debt will be used as reference. However, adaptations were necessary to adequate the model to the Brazilian reality. Even if the adequacy of the model, the results obtained did not have adherence compatible with the economic theory, possibly due to the shocks that occurred in Brazil during this period. It is suggested the development of future studies to improve the model in order to get consistent results, like the reference model results.
A sustentabilidade da dívida pública de um país é essencial para seu desenvolvimento e crescimento econômico. Países que buscam uma expansão econômica no curto/médio prazo sem manter uma política fiscal sustentável podem incorrer ao problema de trajetória explosiva da dívida pública, comprometendo seu desenvolvimento e crescimento no longo prazo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a dinâmica da dívida pública do Brasil através da ótica do modelo de vetor autorregressivo estrutural (SVAR) durante o período de 2003 a 2015. Para isto será utilizado como referência o modelo proposto por Apergis e Cooray (2015) para analisar a dinâmica da dívida pública grega. No entanto, adaptações foram necessárias para adequar o modelo a realidade do Brasil. Mesmo com a adaptação do modelo, os resultados obtidos não tiveram uma aderência compatível com a teoria econômica, possivelmente devido aos choques que ocorreram no Brasil durante este período. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de estudos futuros para o aperfeiçoamento do modelo, a fim de se obter um resultado consistente e mais próximo aos resultados do modelo de referência.
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Pérez, Forero Fernando José. "Essays in structural macroeconometrics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119323.
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This thesis is concerned with the structural estimation of macroeconomic models via Bayesian methods and the economic implications derived from its empirical output. The first chapter provides a general method for estimating structural VAR models. The second chapter applies the method previously developed and provides a measure of the monetary stance of the Federal Reserve for the last forty years. It uses a pool of instruments and taking into account recent practices named Unconventional Monetary Policies. Then it is shown how the monetary transmission mechanism has changed over time, focusing the attention in the period after the Great Recession. The third chapter develops a model of exchange rate determination with dispersed information and regime switches. It has the purpose of fitting the observed disagreement in survey data of Japan. The model does a good job in terms of fitting the observed data.Esta tesis trata sobre la estimación estructural de modelos macroeconómicos a través de métodos Bayesianos y las implicancias económicas derivadas de sus resultados. El primer capítulo proporciona un método general para la estimación de modelos VAR estructurales. El segundo capítulo aplica dicho método y proporciona una medida de la posición de política monetaria de la Reserva Federal para los últimos cuarenta años. Se utiliza una variedad de instrumentos y se tienen en cuenta las prácticas recientes denominadas políticas no convencionales. Se muestra cómo el mecanismo de transmisión de la política monetaria ha cambiado a través del tiempo, centrando la atención en el período posterior a la gran recesión. El tercer capítulo desarrolla un modelo de determinación del tipo de cambio con información dispersa y cambios de régimen, y tiene el propósito de capturar la dispersión observada en datos de encuestas de expectativas de Japón. El modelo realiza un buen trabajo en términos de ajuste de los datos.
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Huber, Florian, and Manfred M. Fischer. "A Markov switching factor-augmented VAR model for analyzing US business cycles and monetary policy." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4626/1/wp201.pdf.
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This paper develops a multivariate regime switching monetary policy model for the US economy. To exploit a large dataset we use a factor-augmented VAR with discrete regime shifts, capturing distinct business cycle phases. The transition probabilities are modelled as time-varying, depending on a broad set of indicators that influence business cycle movements. The model is used to investigate the relationship between business cycle phases and monetary policy. Our results indicate that the effects of monetary policy are stronger in recessions, whereas the responses are more muted in expansionary phases. Moreover, lagged prices serve as good predictors for business cycle transitions.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Du, Plessis Maria Engela. "Die aanwending van die vier skeppingselemente as tiperend van die novelle / M.E. du Plessis." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2584.
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Gaulin, Elodie. "Etude fonctionnelle de CBEL éliciteur de Phytophthora parasitica var. Nicotianae." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30230.
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Balbino, Christian Eduardo. "A política monetária sob o regime de metas de inflação: uma análise com Time Varying Structural VAR." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4323.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-09T00:00:00ZO trabalho analisa a evolução da política monetária desde a implementação do regime de metas de inflação no período de 1999 a 2009 com o intuito de avaliar se há diferenças na condução de política monetária entre as gestões Armínio Fraga e Henrique Meirelles. Um modelo de equilíbrio geral novo-keynesiano baseado em expectativas racionais é utilizado para modelar a economia brasileira e deriva-se uma regra de Taylor para encontrar a condição suficiente para a convergência da inflação. O processo de analise empírica consiste em estimar um modelo de vetores auto-regressivos, cujos parâmetros variam ao longo do tempo assim como as inovações na matriz de variância-covariância. Para tanto, será utilizado um algoritmo de simulação de Monte Carlo. Os resultados empíricos mostram que (i) não há diferenças significativas na condução de política monetária durante as gestões Armínio Fraga e Henrique Meirelles; (ii) A partir de 2003, a taxa de juros permaneceu acima da necessária para a convergência da inflação de acordo com a condição de estabilidade; e (iii) a gestão Armínio Fraga agiu de acordo com a regra de estabilização na crise de 2002, porém a inflação permaneceu acima da meta por causa da magnitude dos choques exógenos.
This paper has analyzed the dynamic of monetary policy since the beginning of inflation target in Brazil to evaluate some differences between chairmen’s Armínio Fraga and Henrique Meirelles policies. The methodology developed to model Brazilian economy is a New-Keynesian inter temporal optimizing general equilibrium framework based in rational expectations and a Taylor type rule to derive a sufficient condition to convergence of inflation. The strategy is estimate a time variant structural vector autoregressive and the law of motion of variance covariance matrix. An efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm has been used to achieve numerical evaluation and posterior likelihood distributions. The main empirical conclusions are: (i) there are no significant differences in monetary policy between Fraga and Meirelles chairmanships; (ii) From 2003 interest rate remains higher than sufficient convergence condition of inflation; and (iii) During the 2002 expectation crises, Arminio Fraga policies were in accord to Taylor rule of inflation equilibrium and inflation risen because of the magnitude of exogenous innovations.
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Gajic, Ruzica. "Macroeconomic Shocks and Monetary Policy : Analysis of Sweden and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-184682.
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External economic shocks cause domestic macroeconomic aggregates to fluctuate. This may call for a macroeconomic policy intervention. Since the early 1990s an increasing number of countries have adopted an inflation targeting framework. In reality, inflation targeters do not have perfect information when determining the interest rate in order to maintain their goal of price stability and stable economic growth. Therefore it is relevant to understand how shocks affect the domestic macroeconomic aggregates theoretically and investigate whether the theoretical predictions hold empirically. I use the New Keynesian model by Clarida, Galí and Gertler from 1999 and investigate explicitly the theoretical effects of expected and unexpected supply and demand-side shocks on the monetary policy instrument and the two monetary policy target variables – the interest rate, output gap and inflation rate. By analysing the impulse-response functions of a structural VAR model applied to quarterly Swedish and British data from 1994 to 2011, I test empirically the theoretical predictions according to the New Keynesian model. I find that the empirical results are in line with the theoretical predictions.
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Schäfer, Ingmar Bastian. "Structural insights into the function of the Varp/Vamp7 complex." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609037.
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Hoetink, Harmannus. "Het patroon van de oude Curaçaose samenleving /." Amsterdam : S. Emmering, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371477704.
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Hermans, Monique Maria Petra. "Structural and functional analysis of lysosomal [alpha]-glucosidase in relation to glycogen storage disease type II." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13746.
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Hultén, Staffan. "Vad bestämmer de svenska exportmarknadsandelarnas utveckling?" Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Marknadsföring, Distributionsekonomi och Industriell Dynamik (D), 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-766.
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I traditionella analyser av exportmarknadsandelsutvecklingen antas den vara bestämd av det exporterande landets kostnadsutveckling eller av den strukturella sammansättningen i det exporterande landets export. Utredningar baserade på dessa typer av analyser lyckades inte på ett tillfredsställande sätt förklara de svenska exportmarknadsandelarnas utveckling under andra hälften av 1970-talet och under 1980-talet. I denna avhandling diskuteras uppläggningen och resultaten av de ovanstående slagen av analyser och lanseras ett tidigare oprövat angreppssätt för att förklara exportmarknadsandelarnas utveckling. Detta angreppssätt är baserat på industriell omvandlingsteori, vilket för analyser av exportmarknadsandelarnas utveckling innebär att denna antas vara bestämd av det enskilda landets industriella omvandling. Utifrån detta angreppssätt genomförs ett antal analyser. Syftet med dessa är att undersöka samband mellan å ena sidan av industriell omvandlingsteori bestämda faktorer och å andra sidan exportmarknadsandelarnas utveckling. Avhandlingen avslutas med en diskussion om hur exportmarknadsandelarnas utveckling kan studeras med en ansats som både tar hänsyn till strukturella förhållanden – arbetskraftskostnader och exportens strukturella sammansättning – och den industriella omvandlingen.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.
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Sabta, Houyem. "Fluctuations internationales et conjoncture économique tunisienne." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2003/document.
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L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier les cycles économiques en Tunisie en se centrant principalement sur les questions suivantes : quel est leur degré de synchronisation avec les fluctuations économiques des pays développés et quels sont les mécanismes de transmission de ces fluctuations sur l’économie tunisienne ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, le travail est divisé en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre cherche à retracer les cycles économiques tunisien comparés aux cycles économiques mondiaux, représentés par quatre pays développés (PDE) : la France, l'Italie, l'Allemagne (qui sont les principaux partenaires commerciaux de la Tunisie) et les Etats-Unis (du fait de leur poids dans l'économie mondiale). Dans le deuxième chapitre, le travail introduit l’extraction des composantes cycliques d’autres variables macro-économiques internes (globales et sectorielles) et externes à l’économie tunisienne, afin d’identifier les sources des chocs et les canaux à travers ces chocs sont transmis. Le dernier chapitre a pour objet une validation économétrique des résultats descriptifs des faits stylisés données au premier et au deuxième chapitre, et de savoir à quel degré la nouvelle synthèse néoclassique peut être appliquée à l'économie tunisienne. Les résultats des faits stylisés montrent que le cycle économique tunisien est sensible aux trois catégories de variables étudiées, réelles, monétaires et financières, confirmant ainsi la théorie de la nouvelle synthèse néoclassique. L'application des modèles, VAR structurel et modèle dynamique à composante inobservable, valide les résultats des faits stylisés. En effet, les estimations du modèle VAR structurel montrent que les trois chocs qui contribuent le plus à la variance du PIB tunisien sont les chocs d'offre, les chocs monétaires et les chocs extérieurs. Concernant l'évaluation de la synchronisation du cycle tunisien avec ceux des PDE à partir du modèle à facteur inobservable de Stock et Watson, les résultats montrent un rôle significatif du facteur commun sur le cycle tunisien. Pour les déterminants de la synchronisation du cycle tunisien avec ceux des PDE, la transmission des fluctuations des pays partenaires commerciaux paraît se faire à travers les demandes intérieures, l'indice des prix des matières premières et le taux du marché monétaire en zone euro. Les exportations et les importations tunisiennes n'ont montré un rôle significatif qu'avec le premier partenaire commercial, la France. Pour les Etats-Unis, les fluctuations sont transmises à travers deux variables "européennes", le taux du marché monétaire en zone euro et les envois de fonds des immigrés, suggérant le rôle intermédiaire des pays partenaires commerciaux européens dans la transmission des fluctuations américaines et internationales à l'économie tunisienneThe aim of the thesis is to study the Tunisian business cycles. We focus mainly on the following questions: To what extent do they synchronize with the economic fluctuations of the developed countries and what are transmission mechanisms of such fluctuations on the Tunisian business cycles? To tackle this problem, the work is organized into three chapters. The first chapter seeks to compare the Tunisian business cycles to international business cycles, represented by four developed countries: France, Italy, Germany (which are the main trade partners of Tunisia) and the United States (due to their importance in the world economy). In the second chapter, the work introduces the extraction of cyclical components of domestic and external macroeconomic variables (global and sector levels) in order to identify the sources of shocks and channels through which these shocks are transmitted. The last chapter deals with an econometric validation of the stylized facts presented in the first and second chapter and seeks to find out the degree to which the new neoclassical synthesis can be applied to the Tunisian business cycles. The stylized facts show that the Tunisian business cycle is sensitive to three categories of variables, (real, monetary and financial variables), this result confirms the theory of the New Neoclassical Synthesis. The structural VAR model and the dynamic latent factor model validate the stylized facts. Indeed, the estimation of the structural VAR model shows that the three shocks that contribute the most to the variance of the Tunisian GDP are supply shocks, monetary shocks and external shocks. Concerning the synchronization of the Tunisian business cycle with those of developed countries according to unobservable factor model of Stock and Watson, the results show a significant role of the common factor on the Tunisian business cycle. For the determinants of synchronization of the Tunisian business cycle with those of developed countries, the transmission of fluctuations in trading partner countries seems to be carried out through domestic demand, the international price index of raw materials and the money market rates in the Euro zone. Tunisian exports and imports showed a significant role with the first trading partner, France. For the United States, the fluctuations are transmitted through two "European" variables, the money market rates in the euro zone and remittances of immigrants, suggesting the intermediary role of European trade partners in the transmission of American and international fluctuations to the Tunisian economy
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Samuel, Marco Antonio Castelo Branco. "Mudanças de Estado e Multiplicadores Fiscais no Brasil entre 1999-2012." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9006.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEste trabalho avalia o comportamento dos multiplicadores fiscais no Brasil entre 1999-2012. Para tanto, utiliza a metodologia desenvolvida por Sims, Waggoner e Zha (2008), que é um procedimento Bayesiano de estimação no qual os parâmetros do modelo mudam com alterações no estado da economia e os estados (regimes) seguem um processo de mudança de regime markoviano. Ou seja, foi estimado um modelo VAR Estrutural Bayesiano com mudança de regimes Markoviana (Markov Switching Structural Bayesian Vector Autoregression - MS-SBVAR). A base de dados é composta pelo consumo da administração pública, pela formação bruta de capital fixo da administração pública, pela carga tributária líquida e pelo Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), das três esferas do governo (federal, estadual, incluindo o Distrito Federal, e municipal). O software MATLAB/Dynare foi utilizado na estimação dos modelos e os resultados sugerem a ocorrência de 2 ou 3 regimes nos dois modelos que melhor se ajustaram aos dados. Os multiplicadores estimados apresentaram os sinais esperados e os diferentes tipos de multiplicadores fiscais calculados apresentaram valores maiores para a resposta do PIB a choques na formação bruta de capital fixo da administração pública que são eficazes, uma vez que possuem valores maiores do que um e impacto de longo prazo no PIB - quando comparado aos choques no consumo da administração pública, que possuem pouca persistência e são ineficazes (menores do que um), além de uma resposta negativa e persistente do PIB a choques na carga tributária líquida. Os resultados obtidos não indicam, ainda, multiplicadores fiscais maiores em regimes com maior variância nos resíduos do modelo.
This dissertation evaluates the behavior of fiscal multipliers in Brazil from 1999 to 2012. It uses a methodology developed by Sims, Waggoner e Zha (2008), which is a Bayesian estimation procedure that allows for state (regime) dependent endogenous change in models parameters and the states follow a markovian process of regime change. It estimates a Structural Bayesian VAR model with Markov Switching regimes (MS-SBVAR). The database comprises the consumption of public administration, the fixed capital gross formation of the public administration, the net tax burden and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the three levels of government (federal, state, including the Federal District, and municipalities). The software MATLAB / Dynare was used to estimate the model and the results suggest the occurrence of 2 or 3 regimes in the two best data fitting models. The different estimated multipliers show the correct signs and, as expected, they are higher for exogenous shocks to public administrations fixed capital gross formation which are effective, since they have values higher than one and long-term impact on GDP - when compared with exogenous shocks to public administrations consumption, which have a small persistence and are ineffective (less than one), and a negative and persistence response of GDP to shocks in net tax burden. The results do not also show a higher fiscal multiplier in regimes with higher models residuals variance.
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Hwang, Chung-Hoon. "Influences of exogenous shocks on three Asian small open economies : evidence using a structural VAR with block exogeneity /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025625.
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Graham, Austin. "Forecasting the short end of the term structure of interest rates." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4196.
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Gambini, Stefano. "Structural evolution of the Val d'Agri fault system, Southern Apennines, Italy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275696.
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Tahir, Muhammad Naveed. "Essays on Inflation Dynamics and Monetary Policy in a Globalized World." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22025/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser l’effet de la globalisation sur la dynamique de l’inflation et sur la politique monétaire dans un monde de globalisation. Cette thèse porte 3 chapitres :Dans le premier chapitre, nous nous intéressons à l’impact de la globalisation financière sur le comportement du ciblage d’inflation dans les pays émergents, avec une attention particulière portée au taux de change : la Banque centrale répond-elle aux mouvements du taux de change ? Nous nous sommes basés sur des données trimestrielles de six pays émergents qui pratiquent la politique de ciblage d’inflation, depuis la date de l’adoption de cette dernière, jusqu’au dernier trimestre 2009 (2009 Q4). L’étude se base sur un modèle de petite économie ouverte néo-Keynésien à la Gali et Monacelli (2005). Nous utilisons un estimateur GMM à équations multiples pour analyser la relation. Les résultats nous montrent que la réponse de la Banque Centrale au taux de change est statistiquement significatif dans le cas du Brésil, du Chili, du Mexique et de la Thaïlande. En revanche, elle ne l’est pas pour la Corée ni pour la République Tchèque. Théoriquement, le résultat ne devrait pas être significatif même avec un ciblage d’inflation flexible où la banque centrale répond aux écarts d’inflation et de production.Nous pensons que les caractéristiques particulières des pays émergents, telles que la peur du flottement “fear of floating”, le manque de développement du système financier ainsi qu’un manque de crédibilité de la banque centrale, expliquent cette préoccupation des banque centrales pour les variations de change. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions d’une façon empirique l’importance relative des canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire pour le Brésil, le Chili et la Corée. Cette partie se base sur des données mensuelles depuis l’adoption du ciblage d’inflation jusqu’à décembre 2009 (2009 M12). Nous utilisons un modèle SVAR, en incorporant les principaux canaux de transmission monétaire simultanément au lieu de les considérer séparément. Les résultats empiriques indiquent que le canal de taux de change ainsi que canal du prix des actifs ont une importance relativement plus élevée que le canal du taux d’intérêt traditionnel ou le canal du crédit pour la production industrielle. Les résultats sont très différents dans le cas de l’inflation, à l’exception de la Corée. Le classement élevé canal du taux de change et du canal du prix des actifs correspondent aux résultats de Gudmundsson (2007) : le canal du taux de change pourrait avoir pris une importance grandissante avec la développement de la globalisation financière.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions empiriquement le rôle de l’ouverture - réelle et financière - sur la dynamique de l’inflation au Brésil, Chile en Corée du Sud. L’étude se base sur des données mensuelles, depuis l’adoption du ciblage d’inflation jusqu’à décembre 2009. Dans ce dernier chapitre, nous utilisons méthode de moments généralisée (GMM). Le ratio Importation sur PIB est considéré comme étant l’indicateur de l’ouverture réelle. En ce qui concerne l’ouverture financière, nous considérons alternativement l’indice de Chinn et Ito (KAOPEN) mesurant le degré de libéralisation des opérations sur le compte financier, et l’indicateur proposé per Lane et Milesi-Ferreti (2009).Nous concluons dans ce chapitre qu’il existe en général une relation positive entre l’ouverture réelle et l’inflation. En ce qui concerne l’ouverture financière, les résultats sont moins tranchés et dépendent largement de l’indicateur utilisé pour mesurer l’ouverture financièreThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of globalization on the dynamics of inflation and monetary policy in a globalized world. It consists of three essays.In the first essay we investigate the impact of financial globalization on the behaviour of inflation targeting emerging market economies with respect to exchange rate – Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements or not? We use quarterly data for six emerging market inflation targeting economies from the date of their inflation targeting adoption to 2009 Q4. The chapter uses small open economy new Keynesian model à la Gali and Monacelli (2005), and employs multi-equation GMM technique to investigate the relationship. We find that the response of central bank to the exchange rate in case of Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Thailand is statistically significant while insignificant for Korea and Czech Republic. Theoretically, it should not be so as even under flexible inflation targeting central bank responds to inflation deviation and output gap; we think that the peculiar characteristics of emerging markets, like fear of floating, weak financial system and low level of central bank credibility make exchange rate important for these economies. In the second essay we investigate empirically the relative importance of monetary transmission channels for Brazil, Chile and Korea. This chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to 2009 M12. We use a SVAR model incorporating the main monetary transmission channels combined together instead of individual channels in isolation. The empirical results indicate that the exchange rate channel and the share price channel have higher relative importance than the traditional interest rate and credit channel for industrial production. The results are not much different in case of inflation, except for Korea. The high ranking of exchange rate and share price channel is in line with the results by Gudmundsson (2007), which finds that exchange rate channel might have overburdened in the wake of financial globalization.In the third chapter we investigate empirically the role of openness – real and financial – on the inflation dynamics of Brazil, Chile and Korea. The chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to the end month of 2009. In this chapter we employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique. We use imports to GDP ratio as an indicator for real openness whereas Chinn and Ito index (KAOPEN) and total assets plus total liabilities to GDP ratio form the data set of Lane and Milesi-Ferretti are two proxies for financial openness. The chapter concludes that there exists, generally, a positive relationship between real openness and inflation. However, in case of financial globalization the results are inconclusive as they are sensitive to measurement method of financial globalization
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Grundevik, Rick. "Mänsklig säkerhet i Sudan- För vem och mot vad?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1302.
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The concept of security is a contested one. The United Nations definition in UNDPs Development report of 1994 is the most authoritive and commonly cited. The civil war in Sudan has led to 2 million deaths and over 5.5 million refugees. In a resolution from 2005, the UN decided that the war in Sudan was a threat to international security and peace. The 10th of January UN decided that a peace commission ought to be send with 10 000 military and civil men including 700 policemen.
The main purpose of this thesis is to improve our knowledge of those factors which can cause an increased risk of conflict within a state, and how that can affect the social conditions for individuals. First, I analyse which kind of threats to human security that are to be identified in Sudan. Secondly, I discuss and analyse the role of UN in Sudan, focusing on the human security issues. Different information from sources is analyzed through qualitative content analysis, with quantative components. The theoretical perspective is based on Johan Galtungs theory concerning positive and negative peace, but also on the concept of human security.
Based on the collected data and the theoretical framework the conclusions are that it is a clear connection between the direct violence and the structural and cultural violence in south Sudan. It depends on the historical legacy but also because of the deep rooted structures of the institutions in Sudan. The conflict is about the oil and the ethnic and cultural identification. All this is a threat to the human security in Sudan, due to the condition about social equitable and the right to have a decent life. The UN has resolved the immediate military threat in the south of Sudan. There are a lot of things to be done before the security situation reach the UN definition of human security. The Sudan government must be responsible for implementing policies to assure this security.
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Skouteris, Dimitris. "Structure and dynamics of weakly bound complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301422.
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Kwan, Kit-hing Kelina. "Cadenza as reception : stylistic and structural analysis of selected cadenzas for the first movement of Beethoven's piano concerto op. 58 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19390646.
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Dorren, Gabrielle. "Eenheid en verscheidenheid : de burgers van Haarlem in de Gouden Eeuw /." Amsterdam : Uitg. Prometheus / B. Bakker, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40060770t.
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