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Journal articles on the topic 'Strontium (Sr)'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Fujihara, Emi, Masayuki Kon, and Kenzo Asaoka. "Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Cements Prepared with Strontium-Containing Solutions." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.795.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if a strontium (Sr)-containing mixing liquid could be used as an exchanging agent for calcium phosphate cement crystallized with Sr-replacing hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAP). Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) powder was mixed with Srcontaining and phosphorous (P)-containing solutions, that is, SrCl2 or SrCl2+CaCl2 solution and NaH2PO4 or Na2HPO4 solution. After storage in the incubator for 7 days, the α-TCP crystals in all set cements were confirmed to have been transformed to HAP crystals by the mixing liquids. The XRD patterns of the set cements implied that the Sr-HAP could be precipitated by using Srcontaining solutions as the mixing liquid because of the chemical shift of a peak (002) in XRD of the HAP crystal. The solubility (shaking immersion in physiological saline) of set cements containing Sr was markedly higher than that of set cement not containing Sr. These results revealed that the Sr-containing solutions used as mixing liquids for α-TCP cement acted as precipitating agents for Sr-HAP. Sr-HAP-precipitating cement could be useful because of its pharmacological activity with high solubility.

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2

Okamoto, H. "Al-Sr (Aluminum-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 26, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/154770305x56926.

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3

Okamoto, H. "Ge-Sr (Germanium-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/154770306x136629.

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4

Okamoto, H. "Si-Sr (Silicon-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/154770306x97768.

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5

Okamoto, H. "Sn-Sr (Tin-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/154770306x97786.

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6

Okamoto, H. "Al-Sr (Aluminum-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 26, no. 4 (October 2005): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-005-0099-z.

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7

Okamoto, H. "Si−Sr (Silicon-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 27, no. 2 (March 2006): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-006-0065-4.

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8

Okamoto, H. "Sn−Sr (Tin-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 27, no. 2 (March 2006): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-006-0066-3.

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9

Okamoto, H. "Ag-Sr (Silver-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 6 (November 2, 2007): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9188-5.

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10

Okamoto, H. "Sr-Zn (Strontium-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 29, no. 1 (November 14, 2007): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9235-2.

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11

Okamoto, H. "B-Sr (Boron-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 29, no. 3 (March 25, 2008): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-008-9304-1.

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12

Okamoto, H. "Ca-Sr (Calcium-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 31, no. 5 (June 22, 2010): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-010-9757-x.

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13

Okamoto, H. "Ge-Sr (Germanium-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 5 (July 25, 2012): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0081-5.

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14

Okamoto, H. "Cu-Sr (Copper-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 22, no. 2 (April 2001): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497101770339193.

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15

Okamoto, H. "O-Sr (Oxygen-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 19, no. 3 (June 1998): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342526.

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16

Okamoto, H. "Ge-Sr (Germanium-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 27, no. 5 (October 2006): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02736474.

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17

Pemmer, Bernhard, Jochen G. Hofstaetter, Florian Meirer, Stephan Smolek, Peter Wobrauschek, Rolf Simon, Robyn K. Fuchs, et al. "Increased strontium uptake in trabecular bone of ovariectomized calcium-deficient rats treated with strontium ranelate or strontium chloride." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 18, no. 6 (September 15, 2011): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s090904951103038x.

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Based on clinical trials showing the efficacy to reduce vertebral and non-vertebral fractures, strontium ranelate (SrR) has been approved in several countries for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hence, it is of special clinical interest to elucidate how the Sr uptake is influenced by dietary Ca deficiency as well as by the formula of Sr administration, SrRversusstrontium chloride (SrCl2). Three-month-old ovariectomized rats were treated for 90 days with doses of 25 mg kg−1d−1and 150 mg kg−1d−1of SrR or SrCl2at low (0.1% Ca) or normal (1.19% Ca) Ca diet. Vertebral bone tissue was analysed by confocal synchrotron-radiation-induced micro X-ray fluorescence and by backscattered electron imaging. Principal component analysis andk-means clustering of the acquired elemental maps of Ca and Sr revealed that the newly formed bone exhibited the highest Sr fractions and that low Ca diet increased the Sr uptake by a factor of three to four. Furthermore, Sr uptake in bone of the SrCl2-treated animals was generally lower compared with SrR. The study clearly shows that inadequate nutritional calcium intake significantly increases uptake of Sr in serum as well as in trabecular bone matrix. This indicates that nutritional calcium intake as well as serum Ca levels are important regulators of any Sr treatment.

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18

Hennings, Erik, Horst Schmidt, and Wolfgang Voigt. "Crystal structures of Sr(ClO4)2·3H2O, Sr(ClO4)2·4H2O and Sr(ClO4)2·9H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 12 (November 15, 2014): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814024726.

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The title compounds, strontium perchlorate trihydrate {di-μ-aqua-aquadi-μ-perchlorato-strontium, [Sr(ClO4)2(H2O)3]n}, strontium perchlorate tetrahydrate {di-μ-aqua-bis(triaquadiperchloratostrontium), [Sr2(ClO4)4(H2O)8]} and strontium perchlorate nonahydrate {heptaaquadiperchloratostrontium dihydrate, [Sr(ClO4)2(H2O)7]·2H2O}, were crystallized at low temperatures according to the solid–liquid phase diagram. The structures of the tri- and tetrahydrate consist of Sr2+cations coordinated by five water molecules and four O atoms of four perchlorate tetrahedra in a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic coordination mode. The asymmetric unit of the trihydrate contains two formula units. Two [SrO9] polyhedra in the trihydrate are connected by sharing water molecules and thus forming chains parallel to [100]. In the tetrahydrate, dimers of two [SrO9] polyhedra connected by two sharing water molecules are formed. The structure of the nonahydrate contains one Sr2+cation coordinated by seven water molecules and by two O atoms of two perchlorate tetrahedra (point group symmetry ..m), forming a tricapped trigonal prism (point group symmetrym2m). The structure contains additional non-coordinating water molecules, which are located on twofold rotation axes. O—H...O hydrogen bonds between the water molecules as donor and ClO4tetrahedra and water molecules as acceptor groups lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network in each of the three structures.

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19

Fitzsimmons, J. M., D. G. Medvedev, and L. F. Mausner. "Specific activity and isotope abundances of strontium in purified strontium-82." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 2 (2016): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00419e.

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20

Hill, Robert G., Adam Calver, Stephen Skinner, Artemis Stamboulis, and Robert V. Law. "A MAS-NMR and Combined Rietveldt Study of Mixed Calcium/Strontium Fluorapatite Glass-Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.305.

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Strontium is one of the most common substituents in apatite crystals. The presence and behavior of Sr in apatite-group phases are of considerable significance in biology. The present paper investigates the substitution of strontium for calcium in a glass-ceramic of the following composition 4.5SiO23Al2O31.5P2O54CaO1CaF2. The glasses were characterized using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), neutron diffraction (ND) and 19F Resonance Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR). The all calcium glass crystallized to calcium fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F). Substituting strontium partially for calcium resulted in the formation of a mixed strontium/calcium fluorapatites. In contrast complete substitution resulted in the formation of strontium fluorapatite. MAS-NMR showed the the F to be present as F-Ca(3) representing a fluoride ion surrounded by three Ca2+ ions in the all calcium glass and was present as F-Sr(3) in the all strontium glass. In the mixed glasses fluorine was present as FCa( 3), F-Ca(2)Sr, F-CaSr(2) and F-Sr(3). Ca had a higher tendency to occupy the F-M(3) sites than Sr which may reflect the higher charge to size ratio of Ca2+ relative to Sr2+ and its greater affinity for F- ions.

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21

Neran F. Abd Jabbar, Raid A. Ismail, and N.K.Hassan. "Optical and Electrical Properties of Sr-doped In2S3 Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Technique." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 26, no. 4 (July 10, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v26i4.165.

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Strontium doping indium sulfide thin films (In2S3:Sr) were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrate at temperature 310C0.The films were prepared by varying the( Sr) ratio from (0.1 , 0.5, 1.5 )% .The effect of Strontium concentration on optical and electrical properties of In2S3:Sr thin films have been studied in detail visible (UV-Vis) transmittance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the optical transmittance of films exceeds 70% in the visible and near infrared region and also the direct band gap energy of the films it decreases with doping Strontium from (2.9ev) to (2.4ev).the mobility and conductivity is increases with doping Strontium and resistivity decreased from (8.5 to 1.74) ᾩcm .

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22

Sangchan, Atchara, Thawatchai Plookphol, Jessada Wannasin, and Sirikul Wisutmethangoon. "Effect of Strontium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Semi-Solid A356 Al Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.353.

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Effect of strontium (Sr) addition on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy produced by GISS process were investigated in this study. Strontium addition resulted in both grain refinement and modification of eutectic Si. The maximum average ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 291.06 MPa and 17.31%, respectively, were obtained from the T6 heat-treated specimen containing 0.08wt%Sr. The excessive addition of strontium (0.2wt%Sr), however, seemed to deteriorate the mechanical properties of the alloy as a result of the Al2Si2Sr particle formation.

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23

Miyazoe, T., M. Enami, T. Nishiyama, and Y. Mori. "Retrograde strontium metasomatism in serpentinite mélange of the Kurosegawa Zone in central Kyushu, Japan." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 3 (June 2012): 635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.3.14.

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AbstractStrontium-rich epidote, including epidote-(Sr) and epidote with major amounts of Sr (i.e. epidote containing up to 17.3 wt.% SrO), was found in pumpellyite schist and epidote blueschist in a tectonic block in the serpentinite mélange of the Kurosegawa Zone, central Kyushu, Japan. The tectonic block is 20 m wide and made primarily of lawsonite blueschist, with subordinate amounts of pumpellyite schist and epidote blueschist. The pumpellyite schist typically occurs at the edge of the block and is composed mainly of pumpellyite with subordinate amounts of strontium-poor epidote, albite and chlorite, and thin veins of fine-grained calcite and clinopyroxene. Epidote-(Sr) forms rims around strontium-poor epidote, fills fractures in strontium-poor epidote and also occurs interstitially between pumpellyite aggregates and along the boundaries between pumpellyite and calcite-clinopyroxene veins. The epidote blueschist is found between the pumpellyite schist and lawsonite blueschist, and consists mainly of sodic amphibole, epidote and titanite, with albite veining. Strontium-rich epidote occurs as rims, replacing Sr-poor epidote near the albite vein. The bulk strontium contents of the rocks are as follows: lawsonite blueschist (200 ppm), epidote blueschist (2800 ppm) and pumpellyite schist (~10,700 ppm). The chemical and petrological characteristics of the Sr-rich epidote-bearing metabasites suggest that the infiltration of a metamorphic fluid promoted extensive Sr metasomatism during the later stages of high-pressure metamorphism.

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24

Liu, Waiching, Ting Wang, Yuhui Shen, Haobo Pan, Songlin Peng, and William W. Lu. "Strontium Incorporated Coralline Hydroxyapatite for Engineering Bone." ISRN Biomaterials 2013 (December 12, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/649163.

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Goniopora was hydrothermally converted to coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) and incorporated with Sr (Sr-CHA). The pore size of Goniopora was in the range of 40–300 μm with a porosity of about 68%. Surface morphologies of the coral were modified to flake-like hydroxyapatite structures on CHA and the addition of Sr detected on Sr-CHA as confirmed by SEM and EDX. As the first report of incorporating Sr into coral, about 6%–14% Sr was detected on Sr-CHA. The compressive strengths of CHA and Sr-CHA were not compromised due to the hydrothermal treatments. Sr-CHA was studied in vitro using MC3T3-E1 cells and in vivo with an ovariectomized rat model. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly promoted by Sr-CHA as compared to CHA. Moreover, higher scaffold volume retention (+40%) was reported on the micro-CT analysis of the Sr-CHA scaffold. The results suggest that the incorporation of Sr in CHA can further enhance the osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of corals. Strontium has been suggested to stimulate bone growth and inhibit bone resorption. In this study, we have successfully incorporated Sr into CHA with the natural porous structure remained and explored the idea of Sr-CHA as a potential scaffolding material for bone regeneration.

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25

Yogui, Fernanda Costa, Ana Cláudia Ervolino-Silva, Letícia Pitol-Palin, Juliana Zorzi Coléte, Jaqueline Suemi Hassumi, Naara Gabriela Monteiro, Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista, Pedro Henrique Silva Gomes-Ferreira, and Roberta Okamoto. "Strontium ranelate promotes increased peri-implant bone formation in ovariectomized rats." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): e7539109092. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9092.

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This study aimed to evaluate the systemic effect of strontium ranelate (SR) on peri-implant bone tissue. Thirty-six adult rats were divided into three experimental groups: sham (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX) and ovariectomized rats treated with strontium ranelate (OVX-Sr). Strontium ranelate (625mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage on a daily basis. The implants were installed on the tibiae. The euthanasia occurred 42 and 60 days after the implants were installed, and the biomechanical (reverse torque); PCR-RT; histological; immunohistochemical; confocal microscopy and histometric analysis were performed. Quantitative data was subjected to statistical tests with significance level set at p<0.05. Significant increase in implant reverse torque in OVX-Sr was observed when compared to OVX. PCR analysis showed an increase in the genetic expression of the proteins responsible for bone formation in OVX-SR. In the histological analysis, SHAM and OVX-Sr showed a higher degree of maturation of peri-implant bone tissue. Ran-Sr presented higher immunolabeling for ALP and OPN proteins when compared to OVX. In the confocal microscopy, OVX-Sr there was good bone neoformation showed by incorporation of Alizarin red fluorochrome. The histometric analysis, bone implant contact (BIC) and neoformed bone area (NBA) presented statistically difference among all groups, and the Ran-Sr presented the highest BIC. Thus, strontium ranelate improves osseointegration and quality of neoformed bone tissue around implants in estrogen deficient rats.

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26

Голованова, Ольга Александровна. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF Sr-CONTAINING TRYCALCIUM PHOSPHATE." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 13 (December 23, 2021): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2021.13.829.

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Sr -замещенный трикальцийфосфат был получен методом осаждения из водных растворов. Синтетические твердые фазы исследовали с помощью рентгеннофазового анализа, ИК-Фурье спектроскопии, сканирующей электронной микроскопии, энергодисперсионного анализа. Надосадочная жидкость была исследована на наличие ионов Ca и PO для вычисления Са/Р соотношения. Выявлено, что ионы стронция входят в состав трикальцийфосфата, однако не изменяют его фазовый состав. Добавление ионов стронция в исходный раствор способствует уменьшению размеров кристаллитов и увеличению их пористости. Данные по энергодисперсионному анализу подтвердили, что ионы стронция входят в состав образцов ТКФ. Но при увеличении их концентрации, полного замещения ионов кальция на ионы стронция в структуре ТКФ не происходит. При изучении биорезорбируемости полученных образцов с помощью прямой потенциометрии установлено, что образцы, содержащие ионы стронция в своем составе, имеют меньшее значение скорости резорбции. При этом, наибольшие значения скорости растворения фиксируются в кислых средах. Sr -substituted tricalcium phosphate was obtained by precipitation from aqueous solutions. Synthetic solid phases were investigated using X-ray phase analysis, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis. The supernatant was examined for the presence of Ca and PO4 ions to calculate the Ca/P ratio. It was revealed that strontium ions are part of tricalcium phosphate, but do not change its phase composition. The addition of strontium ions to the initial solution contributes to a decrease in the size of crystallites and an increase in their porosity. When studying the bioresorbability of the obtained samples using direct potentiometry, it was found that the samples containing strontium ions in their composition have a lower value of the rate of resorption. Energy dispersive analysis data confirmed that strontium ions are included in the composition of TCP samples. But with an increase in their concentration, complete replacement of calcium ions with strontium ions in the TCP structure does not occur. At the same time, the highest values of the dissolution rate are recorded in acidic media.

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27

Chang, Li-Ching, Chiu-Yen Chung, Chun-Hui Chiu, Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin, and Jen-Tsung Yang. "The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 4873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094873.

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Background: Dental implants are commonly used for missing teeth, for which success depends heavily on the quality of the alveolar bone. The creation of an ideal implant site is a key component in shortening the treatment time, which remains clinically challenging. Strontium ranelate (Protos) is an anti-osteoporotic agent which has previously been used to promote bone formation, however the systemic use of Protos has been linked to serious cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic events, thus local delivery strategies may be better suited for this purpose. In this study, a biodegradable, and biocompatible nanocarrier “polybutylcyanoacrylate” (PBCA) loaded with strontium was constructed and its ability to promote bone formation was assessed. Methodology: PBCA nanoparticles loaded with strontium (PBCA-Sr NPs) were synthesized using the emulsion polymerization method, and their physical properties (zeta potential, size and shape) and entrapment efficiency were characterized. Committed MSCs (osteoblasts) were derived from the differentiation of cultured rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which were tested with the PBCA-Sr NPs for cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, bone formation and mineralization. Scanning electron microscopy was performed following a 7-day treatment of PBCA-Sr NPs on decellularized procaine mandibular bone blocks grafted with osteoblasts. Results: Spherical PBCA-Sr NPs of 166.7 ± 2.3 nm, zeta potential of −1.15 ± 0.28 mV with a strontium loading efficiency of 90.04 ± 3.27% were constructed. The presence of strontium was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Rat committed MSCs incubated in PBCA-Sr NPs for 24 hrs showed viabilities in excess of 90% for concentrations of up to 250 ug/mL, the cellular expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were 1.4 and 1.3 times higher than the untreated control, and significantly higher than those treated with strontium alone. Bone formation was evident following osteoblast engraftment on the decellularized procaine mandibular bone block with PBCA-Sr NPs, which appeared superior to those treated with strontium alone. Conclusion: Treatment of committed MSCs with PBCA-Sr NPs showed higher expression of markers of bone formation when compared with strontium alone and which corresponded to greater degree of bone formation observed on the 3-dimensinal decellularized procaine mandibular bone block. Further quantitative analysis on the extent of new bone formation is warranted.

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28

Cao, Wei Ye, and Jun Fen Sun. "Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals Synthesized in Ultrasonic Field: Use for Protein Adsorption." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.224.

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Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAP) is widely applied in a biomaterial because of its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, all properties of HAP, especially the adsorption properties can be tailored by modifying the composition with ionic substitutions. Among many cations that can substitute for calcium in the structure of HAP, strontium is a kind of essential trace elements in human body. It has been known as one of the cationic substitute for calcium in the HAP lattice. The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAP) is formed when strontium is doped in HAP structure. The bioactivity, biocompatibility, and adsorption properties are improved when the original lattice of HAP is destroyed. In this study, we focus on synthesis of strontium-substituted HAP nanocrystals in ultrasonic field which is a mild and simple synthesis method. The Sr-HAP with different Sr contents was synthesized. The effects of reaction temperature, sintering temperature and reaction time on protein adsorption of Sr-HAP were studied. In addition, the crystalline phase, chemical compound, surface area and morphology were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM and BET. The results indicate that the original lattice of HAP was destroyed and the structure of HAP doped with strontium formed. Sr-HAP with smaller crystal size, larger specific surface area and homogeneous distribution was prepared. Especially, it has great adsorption to target protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA).

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29

Miao, Shun Dong, Wen Jian Weng, Kui Cheng, Pi Yi Du, Ge Shen, and Gao Rong Han. "Preparation of Nano-Sized Strontium Containing Tricalcium Phosphate Particles." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.263.

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In this work, nano-sized strontium containing tricalcium phosphate (SrTCP) particles with different strontium content were prepared using co-precipitation method in an ice-water bath and then 800°C calcination. The AAS results show that the relative Sr/(Sr+Ca) ratios are consistent with the amount of strontium added in the initial solution but larger than the designed molar percentage. The TEM micrographs demonstrate the size of the SrTCP particles is in the region of 150-400 nm while the pure TCP particle is about 500nm. The SEM photographs show the morphology of the particles before and after incorporation of strontium and it is obvious that the particle size of SrTCP decrease with the increasing of strontium content.

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30

Huang, Deqiu, Fujian Zhao, Wendong Gao, Xiaofeng Chen, Zhouyi Guo, and Wen Zhang. "Strontium-substituted sub-micron bioactive glasses inhibit ostoclastogenesis through suppression of RANKL-induced signaling pathway." Regenerative Biomaterials 7, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbaa004.

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Abstract Strontium-substituted bioactive glass (Sr-BG) has shown superior performance in bone regeneration. Sr-BG-induced osteogenesis has been extensively studied; however, Sr-BG-mediated osteoclastogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. It is recognized that the balance of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis is closely related to bone repair, and the receptor activators of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway plays a key role of in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Herein, we studied the potential impact and underling mechanism of strontium-substituted sub-micron bioactive glass (Sr-SBG) on RANKL-induced osteoclast activation and differentiation in vitro. As expected, Sr-SBG inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis significantly with the experimental performance of decreased mature osteoclasts formation and downregulation of osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression. Furthermore, it was found that Sr-SBG might suppress osteoclastogenesis by the combined effect of strontium and silicon released through inhibition of RANKL-induced activation of p38 and NF-κB pathway. These results elaborated the effect of Sr-SBG-based materials on osteoclastogenesis through RANKL-induced downstream pathway and might represent a significant guidance for designing better bone repair materials.

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31

Doublier, Audrey, Delphine Farlay, Mohamed T. Khebbab, Xavier Jaurand, Pierre J. Meunier, and Georges Boivin. "Distribution of strontium and mineralization in iliac bone biopsies from osteoporotic women treated long-term with strontium ranelate." European Journal of Endocrinology 165, no. 3 (September 2011): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-11-0415.

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ObjectiveTo investigate interactions between strontium (Sr) and bone mineral and its effects on mineralization in osteoporotic women treated long-term with Sr ranelate (SrRan).DesignIn this study, 34 iliac bone biopsies were analyzed after 2, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of treatment with SrRan.MethodsSr global distribution was analyzed by X-ray cartography and the percentage of bone area containing Sr was calculated in the bone samples. The focal distribution of Sr in all bone samples was investigated by X-ray microanalysis. The degree of mineralization was assessed by quantitative microradiography.ResultsAbsent from old bone formed before the beginning of treatment, Sr was exclusively present in bone formed during this treatment with a much higher focal Sr content in new bone structural units than in old ones. A progressive increase in the extent of areas containing Sr was observed during treatment. The focal bone Sr content in recently formed bone was constant over treatment. Secondary mineralization was maintained at a normal level during treatment.ConclusionThus, the quality of bone mineralization (density and heterogeneity at tissue level) was preserved after a long-term treatment with SrRan.

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Zhao, Xin Yi, Feng Li, and Shi Bao Li. "Degradation Characteristic of Strontium-Containing Calcium Phosphate Cement In Vivo." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.553.

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The objective of this study is to compare the degradation of three strontium-containing calcium phosphate cement (Sr-CPC) and one calcium phosphate cement without strontium (CPC) in vivo. Three Sr-CPCs, containing 1%, 5%, 10% strontium respectively, and a CPC without strontium were tested in this study. The specimens in rod-shape (2 mm  6 mm) were prepared, and were implanted in the erector spine muscle of 15 New Zealand rabbits. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, 5 rabbits were sacrificed respectively and the specimens were taken out, cleaned, dryed and weighed. The weight losses of the specimens were calculated and the data were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that the CPC containing 5%, 10% strontium showed obviously higher degradation rates at the three observation periods than that containing 1% strontium and that without strontium (P<0.05). Addition of 1% strontium into CPC did not increase degradation rate (P>0.05), and the CPC containing 5% and 10% strontium showed no difference in degradation rate at the three observation periods (P>0.05).

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Rusakov, Aleksei V., Mariya A. Kuzmina, Alina R. Izatulina, and Olga V. Frank-Kamenetskaya. "Synthesis and Characterization of (Ca,Sr)[C2O4]∙nH2O Solid Solutions: Variations of Phase Composition, Crystal Morphologies and in Ionic Substitutions." Crystals 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2019): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120654.

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To study strontium (Sr) incorporation into calcium oxalates (weddellite and whewellite), calcium-strontium oxalate solid solutions (Ca,Sr)[C2O4]∙nH2O (n = 1, 2) are synthesized and studied by a complex of methods: powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Two series of solid solutions, isomorphous (Ca,Sr)[C2O4]·(2.5 − x)H2O) (space group I4/m) and isodimorphous Ca[C2O4]·H2O(sp.gr. P21/c)–Sr[C2O4]·H2O(sp.gr. P 1 - ), are experimentally detected. The morphogenetic regularities of their crystallization are revealed. The factors controlling this process are discussed.

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Duarte Moreira, Ana Paula, Marcia S. Sader, Gloria Dulce de Almeida Soares, and Maria Helena Miguez Rocha Leão. "pH Effect on the Dissolution Behavior of the Microspheres Containing Strontium Ranelate." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.315.

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Strontium is known for efficient actions on bone formation and resorption. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a commercial drug which maintains this balance during bone turnover, reducing the risks of vertebral fractures in the patients. Calcium phosphate bioceramics associated with alginate matrices containing strontium (Sr) could improve bone regeneration due to gradual Sr release. In this report, the strontium ranelate was incorporated on microspheres of alginate (ALG)/β-tricalcium phosphate in a single route of the production. Energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that strontium was incorporated on the surface of the microspheres produced. Thedissolution behaviour into a buffer solution at pH 4.0 and at 7.4 was evaluated, measuring Sr content on the microspheres after in vitro assays by atomic absorption spectrometry. Dissolution tests showed a rapid strontium release in both assays, however, it was more pronounced at pH 4.0. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the presence of a new precipitated phase at pH 7.4 up after 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy of the microspheres submitted to in vitro revealed that the microspheres at pH 4.0 buffer underwent erosion up to 7 days, while the ones in pH 7.4 buffer, eroded in 48h. This behaviour is due to the high swelling rate of the microspheres in neutral pH. The solubility of the microspheres favors its use as a great material for a local strontium release and remodeling bone.

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Guo, Da Gang, Han Yong, and Ke Wei Xu. "Preparation and Characterization of a New Type of Sr-Contained Hydroxyapatite Bone Cement." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.846.

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A novel route is developed to prepare a new type of Sr-contained hydroxyapatite bone cement. Tetracalcium phosphate, strontium hydrogen phosphate or anhydrous strontium chlorite, dicalcium phosphate, phosphoric and water are used as precursors. XRD, FTIR and EDXS are used to characterize the incorporation of 5% or 10% Sr2+ into the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite. Results indicate that the Sr-contained CPC system of TTCP/DCPA/DSPA can set in 0.5M diluted phosphate acid with a final product of non-stoichiometric Sr-contained hydroxyapatite.

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Gumiński, C. "The Hg-Sr (Mercury-Strontium) System." Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/15477030522590.

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Raghavan, V. "Fe-Sb-Sr (iron-antimony-strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 22, no. 6 (November 2001): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-001-0036-8.

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Gumiński, C. "The Hg-Sr (Mercury-Strontium) System." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 26, no. 1 (February 2005): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-005-0070-z.

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Raghavan, V. "Al-Mg-Sr (Aluminum-Magnesium-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 5 (July 20, 2007): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9145-3.

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Raghavan, V. "Al-Ca-Sr (Aluminum-Calcium-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 30, no. 6 (October 29, 2009): 617–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9587-x.

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Raghavan, V. "Ca-Mg-Sr (Calcium-Magnesium-Strontium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 30, no. 6 (October 6, 2009): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9592-0.

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Pelton, A. D. "The Cs−Sr (Cesium-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, no. 1 (February 1985): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02871182.

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Pelton, A. D. "The Na−Sr (Sodium-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, no. 1 (February 1985): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02871185.

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Pelton, A. D. "The Rb−Sr (Rubidium-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, no. 1 (February 1985): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02871186.

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Alcock, C. B., V. P. Itkin, H. Okamoto, and T. B. Massalski. "The Au−Sr (Gold-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 7, no. 5 (October 1986): 452–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02867808.

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Alcock, C. B., and V. P. Itkin. "The Ca−Sr (Calcium-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 7, no. 5 (October 1986): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02867809.

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Pelton, A. D. "The K−Sr (potassium-strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, no. 2 (April 1985): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02869237.

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Bale, C. W., and A. D. Pelton. "The Li-Sr (Lithium-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 10, no. 3 (June 1989): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02877514.

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Alcock, C. B., and V. P. Itkin. "The Al-Sr (Aluminum-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 10, no. 6 (December 1989): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02877629.

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Itkin, V. P., and C. B. Alcock. "The Si-Sr (Silicon-Strontium) system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 10, no. 6 (December 1989): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02877630.

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