Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Strontium (Sr)'

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1

El, Meknassi Sofia. "Enregistrement des isotopes du Sr dans les coquilles et l'eau de mer côtière : réévaluation multi-échelles du cycle du Sr pour des implications paléoenvironnementales et chimiostratigraphiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30200.

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Les reconstitutions passées de la composition isotopique en Sr (87Sr/86Sr) des squelettes carbonatés d'organismes marins (MCS) sont très largement utilisées par les chimiostratigraphes et les paléoenvironnementalistes car elles permettent de reconstituer les variations du rapport 87Sr/86Sr de l'océan au cours des temps géologiques. Les reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales et les datations chimiostratigraphiques reposent sur le consensus que les MCS précipitent leurs tests carbonatés à l'équilibre isotopique avec l'eau de mer qui est homogène à l'échelle globale en raison d'un temps de résidence du Sr (2 Ma) supérieur au temps de brassage océanique (1600 ans). Leur fiabilité en tant qu'outils chimiostratigraphiques peut être remise en question, notamment parce qu'aucune évaluation formelle des biais biologiques et environnementaux n'a été réalisée à l'échelle mondiale. Cette étude propose donc une réévaluation à l'échelle globale de la signature isotopique en Sr des MCS et de l'eau de mer d'environnements côtiers. La signature isotopique des MCS et de l'eau côtière est largement influencée par des apports continentaux qui peuvent modifier les signatures isotopiques de ces derniers. De fait, au vu de ces hétérogénéités cette étude a recalculé le temps de résidence du Sr à plusieurs échelles spatiales. Elle propose de façon générale une meilleure compréhension des processus côtiers sur la signature isotopiques de l'eau et des MCS
Past reconstructions of the isotopic Sr composition (87Sr / 86Sr) of marine carbonate skeletons (MCS) are very widely used by chemostratigraphs and palaeoenvironmentalists because they allow to reconstruct variations of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the ocean across geological time. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions and chemostratigraphic dating are based on the consensus that MCS precipitate their carbonate skeletons at the isotopic equilibrium with surrounded seawater, that is considered as homogeneous at global scale due to a residence time of Sr (2 Ma) higher than the global ocean mixing duration(1600 years). Their reliability as chemostratigraphic tools can therefore be questioned, in particular because no formal evaluation of biological and environmental biases has been carried out at a global scale. This study proposes a global reassessment of the Sr isotopic composition of both MCS and seawater of coastal and oligotrophic environments. The isotopic signature of MCS and coastal water is largely influenced by continental inputs that can modify their isotopic signatures. In fact, given these heterogeneities, this study has recalculated the Sr residence time. Finally, this study propose a better understanding of the global strontium cycle at different time scale
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2

Dennebouy, Stéphane. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation de la variabilité haute fréquence du rapport 87 Sr / 86 Sr du strontium océanique." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1102.

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3

Dennebouy, Stéphane. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation de la variabilité haute fréquence du rapport ⁸⁷Sr : ⁸⁶Sr du strontium océanique /." Paris : École des mines de Paris, Centre de géotechnique et d'exploitation du sous-sol - sédimentologie, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391803290.

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4

Avila, Teresa D. "Seafloor weathering and the Middle to Late Ordovician seawater 87Sr/86Sr inflection point preserved in conodont apatite." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565961269717394.

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5

Borkar, Hemant. "Texture and microstructure on magnesium-magnase-strontium (Mg-Mn-Sr) extrusion alloys." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114461.

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Wrought Mg alloys have received increasing attention for automotive body applications for the past few years due to their potential for weight reduction. The Mg-1%Mn (M1) alloy is one of the few conventional Mg alloys that may offer good formability; however, its low strength is a major concern. One disadvantage of most extruded Mg alloys is their crystallographic orientation which influences formability. The extrusion of Mg alloys gives strong final texture where basal planes align with the extrusion axis resulting in tensile-compressive yield asymmetry. It has been experimentally established that the addition of rare earth (RE) elements such as Ce and Nd to Mg alloys weakens the texture and improves the formability in both extrusions and in rolled materials. Sr, an effective grain refiner, forms a phase diagram with Mg, which is similar to Mg-RE phase diagrams. Furthermore, unlike REs, Sr forms second phases that are thermally stable due to the negligible solubility of Sr in Mg at elevated temperatures. Hence, Mg-Sr second phases are expected to be more effective than REs in nucleating recrystallization and in potentially weakening the texture. This research was focused on developing new extrusion alloy compositions based on the Mg-Mn-Sr alloy system. The objective was to investigate the effect of Sr on the properties of extruded Mg-1Mn alloys by studying the microstructure and texture evolution of extruded Mg-Mn-Sr alloys and by detecting the role of precipitates in the mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization during extrusion. First, the effect of Sr addition on hot deformation characteristics and texture evolution of Mg-1Mn (M1) alloy, via hot compression tests at 400 ºC and 0.1/s strain rate was studied. Flow curves of M1 and M1-Sr alloys showed softening behavior indicating dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The texture of M1 alloy after hot compression was strong basal in nature but it weakened with increasing Sr additions. The second part of the research focused on the effect of Sr (up to 2.1 wt %) on the texture and mechanical properties of M1 alloy extruded at 350 °C.M1-Sr alloys showed weakened texture by developing random texture components during extrusion. The texture randomization was attributed to particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) around Mg-Sr intermetallics during recrystallization. M1-Sr compositions were found to show improved strength and ductility as well as reduced yield asymmetry. In the final part of the study, effect of extrusion parameters on texture evolution, recrystallization and mechanical properties of extruded alloys was analyzed. M1-1.6Sr alloy developed weaker textures at all extrusion temperatures 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C as a result of PSN. In second sub-section, three alloys M1, M1-1.3Sr and M1-2.1Sr were subjected to different extrusion temperatures and extrusion speeds. The three extrusion temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C and two ram speeds of 4 mm/s and 8 mm/s were used at constant extrusion ratio of 7. M1 exhibited strong basal texture under some conditions especially after extrusion at higher speed and at 350 °C and 400 °C. At 350 °C and 400 °C, grain boundary bulging is major recrystallization mechanism in alloy M1 while it occurs in combination with PSN in M1-Sr alloys. Yield symmetry and ductility were found to be dependent on combination of several factors including grain size, extent of recrystallization and texture. At selected extrusion parameters, M1-Sr alloys had weaker textures, improved strength, higher ductility and reduced yield asymmetry. The final task in this phase was the industrial extrusion trials at the Industrial Partner's extrusion plant in Mexico. The optimum alloy compositions in both cases (lab-scale and industrial) were the same at 350 °C i.e, Mg-1Mn-2.1Sr.
Les alliages de magnésium pour l'extrusion ont reçu une attention toute particulière au cours des dernières années pour ce qui a trait aux applications automobiles étant donné leur potentiel pour la réduction de poids. L'alliage de Mg-1%Mn (M1) offre une bonne formabilité, cependant, la faible résistance offerte par cet alliage est un problème majeur. L'extrusion des alliages de magnésium démontre une texture finale avec des plans de base alignés avec l'axe d'extrusion qui ainsi résulte dans une asymétrie des propriétés de tension et de compression. Il a été démontré expérimentalement que des additions de terres rares telles que Ce et Nd aux alliages de magnésium affaiblissent la texture et améliorent la formabilité pour l'extrusion et le laminage. Le strontium (Sr) qui est un affineur de grains utile possède un diagramme de phase similaire aux autres éléments des terres rares et est présumé avoir le même effet dans les alliages de Mg-Mn. Ce travail de recherche a été orienté vèrs le développement de nouvelles compositions d'alliages de magnésium basées sur le système Mg-Sr. L'objectif de ce projet a été d'analyser l'effet du Sr sur le comportement des alliages lors de l'extrusion et les propriétées des alliages de Mg-1Mn. Cet effet a été étudié par l'analyse de la microstructure et l'évolution de la texture lors de l'extrusion des échantillons d'alliages Mg-Mn-Sr et par la détection du rôle des précipités dans les mécanismes de recristallisation dynamique lors de l'extrusion. Ce travail a été suivi par l'étude de l'effet des additions de strontium sur les caractéristiques de la déformation à chaud et l'évolution de la texture de l'alliage Mg-1Mn (M1). Ceci a été analysé par la réalisation d'essais de compression à chaud effectués à 400 ºC et à une vitesse d'allongement de 0.1mm/s. La texture de l'alliage M1 après l'essai de compression à chaud était de type basale mais affaiblie lors de l'augmentation des additions de Sr.Dans la seconde partie de ce travail de recherche, l'effet de l'addition de Sr jusqu'à 2% poids sur la texture et sur les propriétées mécaniques de l'alliage M1 après extrusion a été étudié. L'extrusion a été effectuée à une température de 350 ºC. Les alliages M1-Sr ont montré un affaiblissement de la texture par le développement de composés avec une texture aléatoire lors de l'extrusion. La variation aléatoire de la texture a été attribuée à la stimulation des particules de nucléation autour des composés intermétalliques Mg-Sr au cours de la recristallisation. Les compositions M1-Sr ont été celles qui ont montré une augmentation de la force de résistance et aussi de la ductilité ainsi que la réduction du cédage asymétrique. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude l'effet de la température d'extrusion sur l'évolution de la texture et la recristallisation des alliages M1 et M1-1.6Sr a été analysé. L'alliage M1 a montré une texture plus faible après l'extrusion à 300 ºC, mais a développé une structure basale forte à 350 et 400 ºC. L'alliage M1-1.6Sr a développé des textures plus faibles à toutes les températures d'extrusion et ceci a donné comme résultat une formation préférentielle de PSN à cause des composés intermétalliques Mg-Sr qui ont formé des grains avec des orientations aléatoires.Dans la dernière partie de l'étude, l'effet des paramètres d'extrusion sur évolution de la texture, recristallisation et les propriétés mécaniques des alliages extrudés a été analysée. M1-Sr alliages eu les plus faibles, des textures résistance améliorée, une plus grande ductilité et un rendement réduit l'asymétrie. La dernière tâche de cette phase était l'extrusion industrielle des alliages M1-Sr à l'usine d'extrusion du partenaire industriel au Mexique.Les compositions d'alliage optimales dans les deux cas (l'échelle du laboratoire et industriel) étaient les mêmes à 350 °C i.e, Mg-1Mn-2.1Sr.
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6

Ward, Brittany Marie. "Reconstruction of Holocene coupling between the South America Monsoon System and local moisture variability from speleothem δ¹⁸O and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr records:." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108373.

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Thesis advisor: Corinne I. Wong
Investigating controls on past variability of South American hydroclimate is critical to assessing its response to future warming scenarios. δ¹⁸O records from South America offer insight into past variability of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). The controls on precipitation δ¹⁸O values, however, can be decoupled from precipitation amount and thereby limit investigations of variability in local moisture conditions. Here we use a principle components analysis to assess the coherence of speleothem and lake core Holocene δ¹⁸O records in tropical South America to evaluate the extent to which δ¹⁸O variability reflects changes in SAMS intensity at different sites across the region. The main mode of variability across Holocene δ¹⁸O records (PC1) closely tracks austral summertime insolation, consistent with existing work. PC1 is strongly expressed at sites towards the periphery of the continent, while variability at interior sites bear little similarity that implicates controls, in addition to monsoon intensity, on these δ¹⁸O records. Further, we develop speleothem ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr records spanning the Holocene from Tamboril Cave (Brazilian Highlands), Paraíso Cave (eastern Amazon Basin), Jaraguá Cave (Mato Grosso Plateau), and Botuverá Cave (Atlantic coastal plain) to investigate coupling between reconstructed monsoon variability and local moisture conditions. Speleothem ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variability is interpreted as a proxy of local moisture conditions, reflecting the degree of water-rock interaction with the cave host rock as driven by variations in water residence time. Speleothem ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr records from all the sites, except Botuverá cave, do not co-vary with PC1, suggesting that local moisture conditions do not necessary follow variations in monsoon intensity at these interior sites. These speleothem ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr records, however, generally suggest dry mid-Holocene conditions, consistent with interpretations of other paleo-moisture records in the region. These results highlight that dynamics, in addition to SAMS variability, might influence δ¹⁸O variability as well as local moisture conditions at interior sites, and highlight the need for δ¹⁸O-independent reconstructions of moisture conditions
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
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7

Porter, Courtney. "Solute Inputs to Soil and Stream Waters in a Seasonally Snow-Covered Mountain Catchment Determined Using Ge/Si, ⁸⁷SR/⁸⁶SR and Major Ion Chemistry: Valles Caldera, New Mexico." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265377.

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Weathering releases lithogenic elements to soil and stream waters that support life in catchment ecosystems. Seasonal and inter-annual variations in hydrologic conditions change subsurface flowpaths, modifying the influence of weathering on stream waters. This study, over two climatically variable years, determined seasonal and inter-annual changes in solute sources to streams using a multi-tracer approach including major cations, strontium isotopes, germanium (Ge)/silica ratios, carbon species, and trace metals. Stream water cations display constant concentrations although discharge response was highly variable, suggesting that there is a consistent subsurface water supply. However, Sr isotope ratios, and concentrations of Ge, Fe, Al, and dissolved organic carbon, which originate from shallow soil waters, increase with the hydrograph during a wet winter snowmelt. This indicates that during a year with a thick snowpack, stream waters contain components of both shallow soilwater and groundwater during snowmelt, whereas during all other times groundwater contributes predominantly to the stream.
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8

Bouchard, Laurianne. "Rb-Sr Age Estimates of Pore Fluids in Sedimentary Rocks, DGR Site, Kincardine, Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32271.

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This study is part of a project aiming for the long-term burying of nuclear wastes in Kincardine, Ontario. Bedrock formations as well as their associated waters were analyzed in drill cores from the Michigan sedimentary basin, southwest Ontario. This research utilizes geochemistry combined to strontium and rubidium isotope ratios in order to determine the origin of porewaters from Ordovician shales and limestones. It is demonstrated that these waters are the result of a mixing line between the Silurian (Guelph) and Cambrian groundwaters. This last end-member was also mixed with Precambrian brines to some extent. Strontium and rubidium isotopes also demonstrated rubidium in clays were leached by porewaters over time. Once in solution, radioactive rubidium decayed into strontium over time. This process explains the accumulation of radiogenic strontium observed in porewaters. An age estimate for the deposition of carbonates and other evaporates was calculated with the Rb-Sr isotope system. The calculated age is 453.7 million years before present for dolomites, which is consistent with the history of the site. It was possible to gen an approximate age of 339.7 million years for the formation of illites. This corresponds to the illitization process that occurred after the deposition of rocks, when the Silurian brines infiltrated the deeper Ordovician shale. It was also possible to estimate of porewaters ages.
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9

Herman, Staci. "Isolation and Fate of Sr-90 in a High-Calcium, Post-Detonation Matrices." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554121065195439.

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10

MARTINELLI, ANTONIO E. "Efeito da adicao de chumbo na formacao de fases supercondutoras em ceramicas de Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1991. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10260.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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11

Zattoni, Ana Paula. "Separation and analysis of Sr-90 and Zr-90 for nuclear forensic applications." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26052.

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Le présent travail porte sur le développement technologique pour déterminer l'âge des sources de radiostrontium à travers du rapport [Zr-90]/[Sr-90], en utilisant les techniques de spectrométrie de masse et scintillation liquide pour quantifier les deux isotopes. Parce que Sr-90 et Zr-90 sont des interférences isobariques en spectrométrie de masse, une séparation radiochimique est nécessaire pour isoler du Zr-90 avant son analyse. Parmi quatre résines commerciales, la résine DGA a fourni la meilleure performance pour isoler le Zr-90 du Sr-90. Des récupérations supérieures à 99% pour le Zr-90 ont été obtenues. La résine DGA était aussi l'approche la plus rapide et la plus efficace pour éliminer les interférences isobariques du Sr-90 et aussi de l’Y-90 potentiellement présents dans des échantillons contenant des niveaux élevés de radioactivité. Des expériences impliquant l’utilisation d’une cellule de collision pour éliminer des interférences isobariques ont fourni des facteurs de décontamination insuffisants pour des applications en criminalistique nucléaire.
In this work, a technological development to determine the age of radioactive strontium sources through the [Zr-90]/[Sr-90] ratio using mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation to quantify both isotopes is presented. Because Sr-90 and Zr-90 are isobaric interferences in mass spectrometry, a radiochemical separation to isolate Zr-90 has been shown to be mandatory prior to analysis. Four commercial resins (AG50W-X9, Dowex1-X8, Sr and DGA resins) were tested to isolate Zr-90 from Sr-90. Best performance was observed for the DGA resin, including recoveries higher than 99% for Zr-90. DGA has also demonstrated to be the faster approach and the most efficient not only to eliminate isobaric interferences from Sr-90, but also from Y-90, potentially present in samples containing high levels of radioactivity. Experiments using a collision cell to eliminate isobaric interferences in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (ICP-QQQMS) have also been carried out, but results have demonstrated insufficient decontamination factors for nuclear forensic applications.
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12

Wise, Peter Leonard. "Structure-microwave dielectric property relations in Sr and Ca titanates." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391169.

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13

Al-Nasri, Salam Khudhair Abdullah. "Treatment of wastewater containing cobalt (Co-59) and strontium (Sr-89) as a model to remove radioactive Co-60 and Sr-90 using hierarchical structures incorporating zeolites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/treatment-of-wastewater-containing-cobalt-co59-and-strontium-sr89-as-a-model-to-remove-radioactive-co60-and-sr90-using-hierarchical-structures-incorporating-zeolitesa(ff5cff3e-1366-4a35-9b15-0246811d6ad1).html.

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Zeolites were used in this study to remove two types of non-radioactive ions (Cobalt-59 and Strontium-89) from wastewater. This was designed to model the use of ion-exchange technique to remove radioactive Co-60 and Sr-90 from low level wastewater from Al-Tuwaitha site. Al-Tuwaitha site is a nuclear research in Iraq was used for radio-medical and radio-chemical purposes before 1990. In this study, hierarchical microporous/macroporous structures were developed to overcome the diffusivity problem using zeolite. Diatomite and carbon were used to prepare the composite adsorbents by incorporating them with three types of zeolites (A, Y and clinoptilolite). From the XRD, SEM and EDAX measurement it was confirmed that successfully prepared of Iraqi palm tree leafs-Clinoptlolite (IPClinp) and Tamarind stones-Clinoptilolite (TSClinp) composites were obtained in this study as there is no evidence in literature of this being carried out before. The carbons were prepared successfully through the Pyrolysis method for 2h at 900°C in an inert atmosphere from two types of raw waste plant materials of Iraqi Palm Tree leafs (IP) and Tamarind stones (TS). For both types of carbons, the SEM images show organised porosities in different shapes. A third material used as a zeolite scaffold was diatomite (Celatom FW-14) a readily available natural material (dead algae).A hydrothermal treatment was used to build the hierarchical structure of zeolite onto carbon and diatomite materials, the scaffolds were seeded with nano-zeolite crystals prior to the treatment and thereafter mixed with the zeolite gel composition mixture in a stainless steel autoclave. Zeolite seeds were prepared using ball mill method to reduce the particle size of the commercial zeolite to sub-micron range for each type of zeolite. The surface area, morphology, element compositions and structure for each type of zeolite and composite material were characterised using BET method, SEM, EDAX and XRD. The amounts of each type of zeolite on the carbon composites were determined using TGA while that of the diatomite composite was determined by gravimetric analysis. The results show that each type of zeolite was successfully deposited and uniformly organised onto the surface of all support materials. All pure zeolites and composite materials were successfully tested to remove Co2+ and Sr2+ ions from aqueous solutions. It was found that the composite materials had higher ability to remove both ions relative to the pure zeolites. This increase is attributed to the deposition of zeolite (microporous) onto the macroporous structure (carbon and diatomite) which increased the flow accessibility within zeolite in the hierarchical structured composites. Comparison of the removal between the two metal ions indicates that all of the materials had higher uptake for Sr2+ than Co2+ ions. The highest adsorption capacities were realised with Tamarind Stone–ZeoliteA (TSA) in the order 120mg.gz-1and 290mg.gz-1 for Co2+ and Sr2+ ions, respectively. The effect of the experimental variables shows increasing uptake with increasing pH and initial ion concentrations while it decreased with increasing the solution temperature. The Co2+ loaded composites was subjected to vitrification process at 12000C for 2h. The encapsulated composites were leached for 90 and 120 days and no significant Co2+ was recorded in the leached solution. The results show that the composite materials can be used effectively to remove the radioactive ion of Co-60 and Sr-90 ion as they display the same chemical behaviour as Co-59 and Sr-89 studied in this work.
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BUSTAMANTE, ANDREA N. P. "Yb sup3+:Sr sub5(VOsub4)sub3 F .Crescimento, caracterizacao espectroscopica e desenvolvimento do laser." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10732.

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Tese(Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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15

Umholtz, Nicholas Moehle. "Middle to Late Ordovician δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr stratigraphy in Virginia and West Virginia: implications for the timing of the Knox unconformity." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1400681920.

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16

Robson, Matthew. "Statistical mechanics of the square lattice planar rotator model and metamagnetism in bilayer strontium ruthenate Sr₃Ru₂O₇." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8072/.

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We have investigated the thermodynamics of the square lattice planar rotator model. By calculating a variety of thermodynamic quantities for the planar rotator model on a sequence of one-dimensional geometries using transfer functions, we find evidence that the square lattice model exhibits an ordinary thermodynamic phase transition, with power-law singularities in the thermodynamics described by the usual set of critical exponents. This is in contrast to the widely-held view that the phase transition in the model should be of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. We have constructed a Hubbard-type model of bilayer strontium ruthenate Sr₃Ru₂O₇. We find that the HartreeFock mean field solution of our model can be made to exhibit a metamagnetic jump that matches that seen in Sr₃Ru₂O₇, and this is clearly associated with a certain quasi one-dimensional feature in the electronic structure. We therefore suggest that this is the origin of the metamagnetism in Sr₃Ru₂O₇. The metamagnetism in our modelling is associated with a phase-separated mixture of low- and high-magnetisation solutions, which we suggest corresponds to the nematic phase in Sr₃Ru₂O₇.
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17

Ashworth, Hollie. "Partitioning of Sr-90 and Cs-137 in nuclear fuel storage ponds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/partitioning-of-sr90-and-cs137-in-nuclear-fuel-storage-ponds(8ed21ee5-009d-4cd2-813a-bebad75e7a15).html.

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Sr-90 and Cs-137 are two key fission products that are important in a number of radioactive waste or contamination clean-up scenarios. This thesis investigates the sorptiondesorption behaviour of these two radionuclides with a number of sorbents relevant to one of the legacy waste storage ponds on the Sellafield site. Sorption-desorption studies were undertaken on brucite (Mg(OH)2), UO2 and UO3 powders to represent components of the fine particulate sludge that has accumulated on the bottom of the pond, resulting from corrosion of the Magnox fuel elements. Brucite was found not to have a significant interaction with Sr-90 or Cs-137. However, organic molecules in the form of humic acid and Pseudanabaena catenata cyanobacterial growth supernatant were both found to enhance sorption interactions of Sr-90 with brucite. The effect of humic acid was pH dependent and appeared to control both sorption and desorption behaviour at pH 11.5. Uranium oxides had the most significant effect on controlling Sr-90 and Cs-137 sorption-desorption behaviour. In this work X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) showed that 90Sr sorbed strongly to both uranium oxides as a bidentate inner-sphere complex. Humic acid did not appear to alter the interaction of Sr-90 with UO2. For Cs-137 there was a significant, reversible interaction with both oxides, although the interaction was far stronger with UO3. Successful detection of stable Sr and Cs isotopes on uranium oxides was achieved with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS).
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18

Visser, Gledus. "The application of Sr-spec resin in the analysis of 90Sr in effluent and environmental samples at KNPS." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2327.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Radiostrontium (90Sr and 89Sr) has been released to the environment by global fall-out following atmospheric nuclear explosions, by waste discharges and fall-out from the Chernobyl. 89Sr, with a half-life of 50.5 days, quickly decays to undetectable levels, while 90Sr is radiobiologically more important because of its longer half-life of 28.78 years, and because it behaves chemically similar to Ca, and accumulates in bones and teeth. Cost effective and relatively simple procedures for determination of radiostrontium are desirable. An accurate determination of radionuclides from various sources in the environment is essential for assessment of the potential hazards and suitable countermeasures both in case of accidents, authorised releases and routine surveillances. Reliable radiochemical separation and detection techniques are needed for accurate determination of alpha and beta emitters. Rapid analytical methods are needed in case of an accident for early decision-making. At the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (KNPS), 90Sr analysis are performed on liquid effluent samples making use of the traditional fuming nitric acid method, and subsequent counting of particulate samples on an alpha/beta proportional counter. This method is often at times very time – consuming, and involves many precipitation steps. The use of fuming nitric acid is also very dangerous and could lead to severe personnel injuries in the event of an accident. This project focussed on the application of Sr-Spec resin in the analysis of 90Sr. This work presents the methods for 90Sr analysis for both effluent samples as well as environmental samples. This research also focussed on the calibration of the different radiometric instruments, which are the Liquid Scintillation Counter, the Alpha/Beta Counter as well as the Gamma Detector.
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19

Warham, Joseph O. "Mapping biosphere strontium isotope ratios across major lithological boundaries. A systematic investigation of the major influences on geographic variation in the 87Sr/86Sr composition of bioavailable strontium above the Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks of England." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5500.

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Strontium isotope analysis has provided archaeologists with an unprecedented opportunity to study the mobility of humans and animals in the past. However, a lack of systematic environmental baseline data has seriously restricted the full potential of the analytical technique; there is little biosphere data available against which to compare measured skeletal data. This thesis examines the extent to which geographic variation in biosphere 87Sr/86Sr composition can be spatially resolved within the lowland terrain of England, in a geographically and geologically coherent study area. Systematically collected samples of vegetation, stream water and surface soils, including new and archived material have been used. The potential of these sample media to provide reliable estimates of the 87Sr/86Sr composition of bioavailable strontium are evaluated under both high-density and low-density sampling regimes, and against new analyses of local archaeological material. Areas lying south of the Anglian glacial limit, display a pattern of geographic 87Sr/86Sr biosphere variation (0.7080¿0.7105) controlled by solid geology, as demonstrated by high-density biosphere mapping. Data collected at a wider geographic scale, including above superficial deposits, indicate the dominant influence of re-worked local rocks on the biosphere. These methods have enabled a reclassification of the archaeologically important Cretaceous Chalk domain. Analysis of rainwater and other indicators of atmospheric deposition show that, in this setting, local biosphere variation is not significantly perturbed by atmospheric inputs. Time-related data from archaeological cattle and sheep/goat tooth enamel suggest that the modern biosphere data can be used to understand livestock management regimes and that these are more powerful than using an average value from the enamel. A more complete understanding of possible patterns of mobility in a group of humans has been achieved through analysis of material from Winchester and comparison with the Chalk biosphere domain.
British Geological Survey¿s British University Funding Initiative (BUFI) and the School of Life Sciences at the University of Bradford joint funding.
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20

Warham, Joseph Olav. "Mapping biosphere strontium isotope ratios across major lithological boundaries : a systematic investigation of the major influences on geographic variation in the 87Sr/86Sr composition of bioavailable strontium above the Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks of England." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5500.

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Strontium isotope analysis has provided archaeologists with an unprecedented opportunity to study the mobility of humans and animals in the past. However, a lack of systematic environmental baseline data has seriously restricted the full potential of the analytical technique; there is little biosphere data available against which to compare measured skeletal data. This thesis examines the extent to which geographic variation in biosphere 87Sr/86Sr composition can be spatially resolved within the lowland terrain of England, in a geographically and geologically coherent study area. Systematically collected samples of vegetation, stream water and surface soils, including new and archived material have been used. The potential of these sample media to provide reliable estimates of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr composition of bioavailable strontium are evaluated under both high-density and low-density sampling regimes, and against new analyses of local archaeological material. Areas lying south of the Anglian glacial limit, display a pattern of geographic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr biosphere variation (0.7080-0.7105) controlled by solid geology, as demonstrated by high-density biosphere mapping. Data collected at a wider geographic scale, including above superficial deposits, indicate the dominant influence of re-worked local rocks on the biosphere. These methods have enabled a reclassification of the archaeologically important Cretaceous Chalk domain. Analysis of rainwater and other indicators of atmospheric deposition show that, in this setting, local biosphere variation is not significantly perturbed by atmospheric inputs. Time-related data from archaeological cattle and sheep/goat tooth enamel suggest that the modern biosphere data can be used to understand livestock management regimes and that these are more powerful than using an average value from the enamel. A more complete understanding of possible patterns of mobility in a group of humans has been achieved through analysis of material from Winchester and comparison with the Chalk biosphere domain.
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21

Chen, Xiyong. "Thermo-mechanical/structural properties and oxygen permeation behavior of mixed ionic electronic conductors La(1-x)Sr(x)CoO(3-delta) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9893.

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22

Fontaine, Chantal. "Heteroepitaxie par jets moeculaires : systeme (ca,sr)f::(2) - gaas." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30135.

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Dans la premiere partie du memoire sont etudies les mecanismes de formation de defauts pendant la croissance cristalline, les contraintes s'exercant sur les couches heteroepitaxiales, la possibilite de relaxation de ces contraintes par creation de defauts ainsi que les solutions pratiques envisagees pour eliminer ces defauts. Dans la seconde partie sont presentes et analyses les resultats experimentaux obtenus sur les structures (ca,sr)f::(2)/gaas et gaas/(ca,sr)f::(2) realisees par epitaxie par jets moleculaires. Sont consideres les proprietes des interfaces, les relations d'epitaxie, les mecanismes de croissance et les contraintes. Finalement, sont discutees les applications potentielles de ce type de structures et leur compatibilite avec les proprietes optiques et electriques des deux materiaux elabores
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23

Salas, Valero Lady Maria 1981. "Elaboração e caracterização de filmes a base de alginato de sódio, reticulados com íons bário (Ba²+), estrôncio (Sr²+) ou alumínio (Al³+)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256486.

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Orientadores: Florencia Cecilia Menegalli, Theo Guenter Kieckbusch
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Alginatos são polissacarídeos extraídos de algas pardas que apresentam uma grande gama de aplicações tecnológicas devido a sua conhecida habilidade em formar géis fortes, biodegradáveis e insolúveis em água ao ser reticulado com Ca2+. Biofilmes baseados nesse mecanismo podem ser confeccionados, formando estruturas transparentes e de alta resistência mecânica, mas que exigem considerável quantidade de plastificante para adequar sua flexibilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar filmes de alginato reticulados com cátions Ba2+, Sr2+ ou Al3+ e seus atributos funcionais foram comparados aos de filmes de alginato de cálcio. Filmes de diferentes espessuras foram elaborados por casting em processo em duas etapas: um protótipo de filme foi inicialmente formado, vertendo alíquotas de uma solução aquosa contendo alginato de sódio, glicerol como agente plastificante e uma pequena quantidade de íons cálcio para promover uma pré-reticulação, em placas quadradas de acrílico e submetidas a secagem a 40°C. A reticulação destes pré-filmes foi complementada por imersão em soluções de cloreto de bário, de estrôncio ou de alumínio. Filmes com diferentes graus de reticulação, e diferentes concentrações de glicerol foram caracterizados em relação a suas propriedades, tais como: aspecto visual, conteúdo de umidade, massa solubilizada, permeabilidade ao vapor de água, intumescimento em água, resistência mecânica à tração, alongamento, observações por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, opacidade e cor. O estudo indica que o cloreto de bário é uma alternativa eficiente como agente reticulante por apresentar rápida e intensa reticulação da camada superficial dos filmes de alginato formando filmes com boas propriedades funcionais, excelente manuseabilidade, e altos valores de alongamento, porém menos transparentes. Filmes reticulados com Sr2+ apresentaram características funcionais superiores aos filmes reticulados com Ca2+ de mesma espessura, exceto quanto à permeabilidade ao vapor d¿água, que foi ligeiramente mais alta. O uso do íon trivalente Al3+, que é pequeno e lábil, como agente reticulante formou filmes densos devido à reticulação em todo o seu volume, exibindo limitados atributos funcionais, sobretudo em relação a flexibilidade, pois sua compacta estrutura tridimensional impedia a incorporação de glicerol
Abstract: Alginates are polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds with a large range of technological applications due to their well known ability to form strong gels that are biodegradable and insoluble in water when crosslinked with calcium ions. Films based on this mechanism can be confectioned, forming transparent structures with high mechanical resistance, but require considerable amount of plasticizers in order to become flexible. This work evaluated the development and characterization of alginate films reticulated with Ba2+, Sr2+ or Al3+ and their functional attributes were compared to films of calcium alginate. Prototypes of films with distinct thicknesses were confectioned by casting in a two-step procedure: different aliquots of an aqueous solution containing sodium alginate, glycerol as plasticizer and a small amount of calcium chloride in order to promote a weak crosslinking were poured in Plexiglas square dishes and dried at 40ºC. The crosslinking of these pre-films were further complemented by immersion in solutions containing barium, strontium or aluminum chloride. Films of different degrees of reticulation and different concentration of glycerol were characterized as to visual appearance, water content, swelling degree, soluble mass, water vapor permeability, mechanical resistance to tension and elongation, opacity, color and were also submitted to SEM observation. This investigation selects barium as an excellent alternative crosslinking agent, since it promotes a fast and intense surface reticulation producing films with good physical attributes and handling, due to their high values of elongation. Films reticulated with Sr2+ show slightly better functional properties compared to calcium alginate films of the same thickness. The use of the small and labile trivalent Al3+ ion as reticulant led to very dense structures due to its ability to crosslink the film core. The films formed, however, were brittle due to lack of flexibility, since the tight tridimensional structure hindered the incorporation of glycerol
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
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24

Efstathiou, Paraskevi. "Investigating Sr₁₋ₓNbO₃ for H₂ evolution and as part of systems attempting water splitting under visible light irradiation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6314.

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Two main subjects are addressed in this study. The ability of a bright red material with metallic behaviour to be used as a visible light photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and the feasibility of visible light photocatalytic water splitting using Z-schemes constituted from different kinds of photocatalysts and materials used as mediators. Strontium niobate (Sr₁₋ₓNbO₃) is an A-site deficient perovskite with intense red colour. It is an unusual material that displays both metallic type conduction and- as we present- photocatalytic activity. Specifically, photocatalytic visible light hydrogen production with oxalic acid as a sacrificial reagent is achieved from this material even without the need for a co-catalyst or other alteration. This photocatalytic activity is screened with time and related to different parameters that might influence it, like crystal structure, surface area and surface chemistry. The crystal structure of strontium niobate is A site stoichiometry dependant and the materials acquires a cubic symmetry for Sr≤ 0.92 and orthorhombic for 0.92≤ Sr≤ 0.97. The change of crystal structure from cubic to orthorhombic symmetry seems to have a negative effect on the photocatalytic activity, as the NbO₆ octahedra become distorted and unfavourable for d-orbital overlapping. The highest photocatalytic activity is exhibited at the turning point of one structure to the other. Increase in the photocatalytic activity is also exhibited by enlarging the surface area through ball milling, nevertheless, a clear trend for surface area effect on activity is not obtained among samples with different Sr content. Additionally, an enrichment of Sr on the surface of strontium niobate is observed by XPS, which apart from the fact that seems to be a governing factor improving stability it is also considered a key point for the exhibited photocatalytic activity altogether. Full water splitting under visible light from Z-schemes is studied by fabricating three general categories of systems. These three different categories depend on the mediator used to fabricate the Z-schemes and are: redox couple Z-schemes (with Fe⁺³/Fe⁺²), solid mediator Z-schemes (with GO) and no mediator Z-schemes. The materials used as photocatalysts for the fabrication of the Z-schemes are: Sr₀.₉₂NbO₃ for hydrogen production and both WO₃ and BiVO₄ independently for oxygen production. The photocatalytic activity for water splitting is evaluated in production of hydrogen and oxygen with time and the ratio of their production rates is frequently checked to see whether the ideal hydrogen to oxygen 2:1 is achieved. The general idea acquired from the results of all the three types of systems is that, water splitting with Z-schemes is a complicated process and in most cases governed by many subreactions. More specifically, in all cases of redox couple Z-schemes we got hydrogen to oxygen ratio imbalances and with the most prominent one being the lack of hydrogen production. Thankful is the fact that a certain type of system, the one consisting of WO₃ as oxygen photocatalyst and Fe⁺² as initial mediator species gives results very close to the ideal one and with a high degree of reproducibility indicating this way the probable formation of a Z-scheme that has overcome more of the imbalances. In between the two other categories, solid mediator and no mediator Z-schemes, subreactions seem to be the governing factor hence imbalances are always present. A case study in the no mediator Z-schemes on an attempt to investigate sources of imbalances, reveals that a big source of imbalance is most probably from the trapping of protons from WO₃.
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Inglês, Daniella. "ESTRUTURA E PROPRIEDADES ÓPTICAS DO SISTEMA TITANATO-ESTANATO DE ESTRÔNCIO [Sr(Ti1-xSnx)O3 x = 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1]." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2013. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2109.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Titanates have perovskite crystalline structure very known for electrical and optical properties used in the electronic devices such as sensors, capacitors, nonvolatile and dynamic random access memories. In particular, titanates structures are characterized for the ABO3 formula being A crystallographic site formed by 12 atoms neighbors and B crystallographic site formed by 6 atoms neighbors. However, researches about strontium titanate-stannate system are found minimally in the literature. Articles discussing synthesis, characterization and compositions are insufficiently presented. This project shows a theoretical study of the structure and optical properties of the strontium titanate-stannate system for different substitutions [Sr(Ti1-xSnx)O3 x = 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1]. It was used theoretical-computational methodology based on, Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional to calculate the structure of the models SrTiO3 (STO), Sr(Ti1-xSnx)O3 (STS) and SrSnO3 (SSO). Theoretical data of parameter lattice, cell unit angles, volume, band gap, overlap population, charges and free energy are presented as well as analysis and discussion of the results for band structure (EB), density of states (DOS), electron density maps. Thus, one may present the data obtained and investigate the properties of the materials.
Titanatos possuem estrutura cristalina perovskita muito conhecida pelas propriedades elétricas e ópticas utilizadas em dispositivos eletrônicos como sensores, capacitores, memória de acesso randômico dinâmica e não volátil. Em particular, as estruturas de titanatos são caracterizadas pela fórmula ABO3 sendo A sítio cristalográfico formado por 12 átomos vizinhos e B o sítio cristalográfico formado por 6 átomos vizinhos. No entanto, pesquisas sobre o sistema titanato-estanato de estrôncio são encontradas minimamente na literatura. Artigos que discutem a síntese, caracterização e composições são insuficientemente apresentados. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo teórico da estrutura e propriedades ópticas do sistema titanato-estanato de estrôncio para diferentes substituições [Sr(Ti1-xSnx)O3 x = 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1]. Utilizou-se metodologia teórico-computacional baseada em, Teoria do Funcional de Densidade (DFT) com funcional B3LYP, para cálculo da estrutura dos modelos SrTiO3 (STO), Sr(Ti1-xSnx)O3 (STS) e SrSnO3 (SSO). Dados teóricos de parâmetro de rede, ângulos da célula unitária, band gap, recobrimento populacional, cargas e energia livre são apresentados como também a análise e discussão dos resultados por meio de estrutura de bandas (EB), densidade de estados (DOS), mapas de densidade eletrônica. Desta forma, podem-se apresentar os dados obtidos e investigar as propriedades dos materiais.
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26

De, roubin Antoine. "Mass measurements of neutron-rich strontium and rubidium isotopes in the A ≈ 100 and development of an electrospray ionization ion source." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0426/document.

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Une extension de la surface de masses atomiques dans la région A ≈ 100 est présentée par l’intermédiaire des mesures de masse des isotopes 100-102Sr et 100-102Rb. Les mesures ont été effectuées avec le spectromètre de masse ISOLTRAP constitué de différents pièges à ions. Les premières mesures directes des masses des 100-102Sr et du 100-102Rb sont rapportées ici. Ces mesures confirment la continuité de la région de déformation nucléaire avec l’augmentation du nombre de neutrons jusqu’à N = 65.De sorte à interpréter la déformation dans la chaine isotopique du strontium et à déterminer si une déformation peut apparaitre pour des isotopes de krypton plus lourds, une comparaison est faite entre les données expérimentales et des résultats de calculs théoriques disponibles dans la littérature. Pour compléter ces comparaisons, des calculs Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov pour des isotopes pairs et impairs sont aussi présentés, illustrant la compétition entre formes nucléaires dans la région.Le développement d’une source d’ions à ionisation par électro nébuliseur est présenté. Cette source peut produire un large panel de masses isobariques destinées à la calibration. La première mise en service de la source est présentée, incluant les résultats des premiers balayages en masse détectés derrière le spectromètre de masse quadripolaire. Une résolution de quelques unités de masses atomiques a été atteinte
An extension of the atomic mass surface in the region A ≈ 100 is performed via massmeasurements of the 100-102Sr and 100-102Rb isotopes with the ion-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAPat CERN-ISOLDE. The first direct mass measurements of 102Sr and 101;102Rb are reported here. Thesemeasurements confirm the continuation of the region of nuclear deformation with the increase of neutronnumber, at least as far as N = 65.In order to interpret the deformation in the strontium isotopic chain and to determine whether an onsetof deformation is present in heavier krypton isotopes, a comparison is made between experimentalvalues and theoretical calculations available in the literature. To complete this comparison, Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations for even and odd isotopes are also presented, illustrating the competitionof nuclear shapes in the region.The development of an electrospray ionization ion source is presented. This source can delivera large range of isobaric masses for calibration purposes. The early commissioning of the sourceis discussed, including the results from the first mass scans detected behind the quadrupole massspectrometer. A resolution of a few atomic mass units is reached
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27

Forsberg, Sverker. "Behaviour of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr in agricultural soils : influence of ageing and soil type on availability, migration and plant uptake /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5735-1.pdf.

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28

Brazier, Jean-Michel. "Rôle des phases minérales des sols en tant que réservoirs de nutriments : approche expérimentale (abiotique), en milieu naturel et multi-isotopique (isotopes stables Ca-Sr)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH005/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a appréhendé les mécanismes de stockage/libération, d’un point de vue élémentaire et isotopique, du calcium (Ca) et du strontium (Sr) sur ou dans des phases minérales communes des sols (minéraux primaires, minéraux argileux, oxy-hydroxydes, carbonate pédogénétiques). Une méthode de mesure robuste du δ88Sr a dû être développée et validée par la mesure de matériaux de références internationaux, pour la plupart jamais mesuré dans la littérature. Les résultats montrent que l’adsorption du Ca sur des minéraux phyllosilicatés génère un fractionnement isotopique par prélèvement préférentiel de l’isotope léger (40Ca) dans nos conditions expérimentales lorsque les minéraux possèdent une charge structurale et une surface spécifique importante et/ou un espace interfoliaire ouvert à l’adsorption de cations hydratés. Une étude sur des rhizolithes en milieu naturel a mis en avant que l’utilisation des isotopes du Ca et du Sr permet un traçage de source et de mécanismes efficaces dans les thématiques touchant au stockage de ces deux éléments dans les sols
This PhD thesis examined the mechanisms of storage and release, from and elementary and isotopically point of view, of calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) onto or into mineral phases commonly encountered within soils (primary minerals, clay minerals, oxy-hydroxides, pedogenic carbonate). A robust δ88Sr measurements method had to be developed in the laboratory and validated by the measurement of international reference materials, mostly never measured in the literature. The results of this work show that Ca adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals generates a quantifiable isotopic fractionation by preferential uptake of the light isotope (40Ca) under our experimental conditions when the minerals have a significant structural charge and specific surface area and/or an interlayer space open to hydrated cations adsorption. A study on rhizoliths in natural environment has also highlighted that the combination of Ca and Sr isotopes allows an effective tracing of sources and mechanisms in the problematic related to the storage of these two elements within soils
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29

Amsellem, Elsa. "Le fractionnement isotopique du Ca et du Sr à haute température : apport sur la formation et l’évolution de la Terre." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=3979&f=25544.

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La formation du Système Solaire et son évolution restent peu connues aujourd’hui malgré le grand nombre de missions d’exploration spatiale mises en place depuis la deuxième moitié du 20ème siècle. Pour obtenir des informations sur les premières phases de la formation de la Terre et l’évolution du manteau terrestre, les météorites et les roches ignées sont de bons objets d’étude: les premières sont des témoins des conditions de la formation du Système Solaire et sont formées avant les planètes, les secondes nous renseignent sur la composition du manteau terrestre. Ces travaux de thèse se consacrent à l’analyse isotopique du calcium (Ca), du strontium (Sr) et du rubidium (Rb) d’une grande variété de roches terrestres et extra-terrestres en utilisant le MC-ICP- MS. Les isotopes stables du Ca et Sr permettent de tracer des processus physico-chimiques liés à la formation des roches. Le système Rb-Sr permet quant à lui de dater des évènements liés à l’histoire de ces roches. Les chondres, composants majoritaires des chondrites, ont été étudiés par analyse isotopique du Ca pour tes- ter et confirmer un modèle récent d’accrétion planétaire, le pebble accretion model. D’autres phénomènes peuvent affecter les corps qui peuplent notre système solaire. Notamment les chondrites peuvent subir des épisodes de chauffage et donc subir un métamorphisme thermique. La chronologie Rb-Sr permet de dater ces évènements de chauffage et d’en révéler l’origine qu’on estime alors liée à des impacts dans la ceinture d’astéroïdes. Les échantillons terrestres, des komatiites, MORBs et OIBs sont analysés pour estimer la composition isotopique du manteau en Ca et Sr ainsi que son évolution. La composition des isotopes stables du Sr dans le manteau semble homogène dans le temps alors que les isotopes du Ca révèlent la préservation d’hétérogénéités datant du début de l’histoire de la Terre. Les carbonatites, roches magmatiques contenant au moins 50% de minéraux carbonatés, sont étudiées en isotopie du Ca dans l’optique de révéler leur origine. L’enrichissement en isotopes légers du Ca des carbonatites comparé à la valeur moyenne du manteau reflète une contribution de matériel recyclé dans leur source mantellique. Ces travaux de recherche visent à explorer les grandes applications du fractionnement isotopique du Ca et du Sr à haute température
The formation of the Solar System and its evolution remain poorly known despite the explosion of space exploration in the mid 20th century. Meteorites and terrestrial igneous rocks are particularly useful objects of study for gaining insights into the formation and evolution of the Earth: the former existed before the planets and the latter reflect the composition of the terrestrial mantle. For this thesis, we performed Ca, Sr and Rb isotopic analyses using MC-ICP-MS technique on a variety of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial rocks. The fractionation of Ca and Sr stable isotopes allows for tracing processes and source effects and Rb-Sr system enables us to date primordial events. Chondrules, a major component of chondrites, are analysed for Ca isotopic composition to test and confirm the pebble accretion model for the formation of the Earth. The timing of the heating event of thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites is estimated using Rb-Sr chronology and reveals the process of the event as impacts in the asteroid belt. From Earth, komatiites, OIBs and MORBs samples are analysed to estimate the Ca and Sr isotopic composition and evolution of the mantle. The stable isotopic composition of Sr in the mantle is homogenous through the evolution of the mantle while Ca isotopes reveal preservation of early heterogeneities. Carbonatites, rare igneous rocks containing 50 % of carbonate minerals, are studied for Ca isotopic composition in order to indicate their origin. We suggest that the enrichment in lighter Ca isotopes of the carbonatites compared to the bulk silicate Earth’s value derives from a contribution of recycled components through subduction in their mantle source. This thesis explores the wide applications of Ca and Sr isotopic fractionation in high temperature geochemistry
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OLIVEIRA, ELAINE M. de. "Avaliacao do efeito biologico da radiacao beta do sup[90]Sr em celulas sanguineas humanas e elaboracao de curva dose resposta." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10815.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Potot, Cécile. "Étude hydrochimique du système aquifère de la basse vallée du Var : apport des éléments traces et des isotopes (Sr, Pb, O, Ra)." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4004.

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L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’améliorer les connaissances sur le système aquifère de la basse vallée du Var, principale ressource d’eau potable dans une région soumise à des influences méditerranéennes et alpines. La composition des éléments majeurs et traces, des isotopes de l’O, du Pb et du Sr a été déterminée à différentes périodes hydrologiques dans les eaux du fleuve Var, de ses affluents, de la nappe alluviale de la basse vallée, et des aquifères des calcaires jurassiques et des poudingues pliocènes, qui constituent le substratum des alluvions. Les concentrations mesurées sont souvent proches du fond géochimique naturel, ce qui fournit pour chaque type d’eaux un point de référence de la qualité et permet, grâce à la sensibilité de la mesure des traces, de détecter la moindre pollution émergente. Des pollutions agricoles et / ou domestiques ont été détectées, en particulier dans les eaux des poudingues, ceci même en profondeur. Le fleuve constitue la principale source d’alimentation de la nappe alluviale, essentiellement à l’amont de la vallée. La recharge de la nappe par l’aquifère des poudingues représente 20 % environ, ce qui est inférieur aux estimations précédentes. L’utilisation conjointe des éléments traces et majeurs met en évidence l’hétérogénéité des eaux des poudingues, et permet d’évaluer les proportions de mélange. L’alimentation de la nappe par les calcaires semble faible. La forte influence chimique des évaporites triasiques limite l’utilisation des isotopes du Sr comme marqueur d’origine des eaux. Les isotopes du Pb ont fourni des résultats complexes qui semblent montrer une origine à la fois naturelle et anthropique, cette dernière apparemment liée aux pluies. Les isotopes du Ra ont été utilisés afin d’estimer le temps de parcours dans la nappe alluviale. La faisabilité analytique de la méthode semble acquise. Malgré d’importants échanges avec le milieu traversé, l’utilisation des rapports isotopiques semble s’affranchir de certains processus complexes
The main goal of this study is to improve the knowledge of the Lower Var Valley aquifers, under both Mediterranean and Alpine influences. Majors, trace elements, and O, Sr and Pb isotopes have been analysed under various hydrological conditions in water of the Low Var Valley including the alluvial aquifer, the Var River, its tributaries and groundwaters from Jurassic limestones and Pliocene conglomerates, which are the substrate of alluvia. Concentrations of most majors and trace elements are often close to the natural background, which gives a baseline quality of waters. High sensitivity in trace element measurement may allow to early detect contamination in any water body. Agricultural and / or residential contaminations have been detected in limestone and above all in conglomerate groundwater. The Var River is the main source of water of the alluvial aquifer, especially in upstream part. Conglomerate groundwater inputs stand for about 20 % of alluvial water recharge, which is lower than previously estimated. The use of both major and trace elements gives evidences of high heterogeneity in conglomerate groundwater and leads to estimate the proportions of inputs to the alluvial aquifer. Recharge of the alluvial aquifer by Jurassic limestones seems to be significant. Strong influence of Triassic evaporates in most samples gives limitation to the use of strontium isotopes as tracers of water origin. Pb isotopes gave complex results, which could suggest both a natural origin and an anthropogenic one that could be related to rainwater. Radium isotopes were used to estimate the flow velocity in the alluvial aquifer. Several techniques demonstrate the analytical feasibility of this approach and despite important exchanges with aquifer matrix, the use of isotopic ratios apparently minimizes the effect of complex processes
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32

Salgado, Souto Sergio Adrian, and Souto Sergio Adrian Salgado. "A Re-Os Geochronology and Multi Stable Isotope (C, N, S, Sr, Pb) Systematics of Source Rocks and Crude Oils from the Sonda de Campeche Petroleum System, Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626760.

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In this work, I present a multi-isotopic study (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, strontium and lead) and Re-Os geochronology in rocks and crude oils of the Sonda de Campeche Petroleum System (SCPS). Since crude oils are complicated chemical systems easily disturbed, the Re-Os isotopic system could be affected if secondary processes perturb crude oils. Therefore, the multi stable isotopic study allows the identification of the presence and grade of these secondary processes in crude oils. The δ13C values of crude oils from the SCPS distinguish between: 1) crude oils with the fingerprint of source rocks of hydrocarbons (-28.3 to -26.7 ‰), and 2) crude oils with the fingerprint of the reservoir rocks (-25.5 to -24.9 ‰). Similarly, the δ15N values reveal that crude oils, during migration or trapping processes mimic the isotopic composition of the reservoir rocks of the Ek-Balam Formation. Furthermore, the δ34S values of crude oils from the SCPS (-8.0 to -2.5 ‰) show an absence of a thermal sulfate reduction (TSR) signature, which likely means that the use of Re-Os systematics in crude oils and rocks in the SCPS is appropriate. Strontium and lead measurements show crude oils have an isotopic composition different from rocks from the Edzna Formation but similar to rocks of the Akimpech and Ek-Balam formations, indicating that crude oils received Sr and Pb from the trapping rocks during migration or trapping processes, producing a isotopic mixing trend with rocks of these formations. Specifically, the lead isotope composition allows the identification of a source of lead never recorded before, the Guichicovi Complex. The isotopic data suggest that this Grenville Complex has been feeding with detrital material to the sedimentary rocks from Bacab, Ek-Balam and Akimpech formations in the SCPS, and in consequence contributing to the final isotopic composition of crude oils as well. Re-Os geochronology of rocks from the Edzna and Akimpech formations (152 ± 4 Ma; and 158.6 ± 5.5 Ma, respectively) provides precise ages of deposition that coincide with the ages proposed in previous studies based on the fossil record. Re-Os geochronology in crude oils yield ages with low uncertainty and moderate MSWD values, reflecting a rapid formation and migration process that occurred during evolution of the SCPS. The age of crude oils (28.3 ± 5.5 Ma) broadly agrees with petroleum generation models proposed by PEMEX.
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33

ITEPAN, NATANAEL M. "Aplicacao da tecnica de fluorescencia de raios X na marcacao com Mn, Sr e Cu, do parasitoide e do hospedeiro: Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan e Legner, 1970 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) e Musca domestica L., 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11144.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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34

Bernard, Caroline. "Synthèse hydrothermale d'oxydes La(1-x)Sr(x)MnO(3+8) et ZrO(2)-8%Y(2)O(3) sous forme de poudre et de couches minces et caractérisations." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30098.

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Mes travaux de recherche ont pour objectif d'élaborer et d'optimiser les propriétés de matériaux nouveaux sous forme de poudres (ou de couches minces) à rapport surface/volume important. Mon sujet de thèse concerne plus particulièrement la synthèse hydrothermale de manganite de lanthane dopé au strontium La1-xSrxMnO3+d et de zircone yttriée YSZ. En effet cette synthèse à température modérée et sous pression autogène est utilisée depuis longtemps, pour la précipitation ou la cristallisation de poudres alors que son emploi pour le dépôt de films n'est apparu que depuis une dizaine d'années. Dans un premier temps, nous avons abordé la synthèse des poudres. Nous avons ainsi défini les paramètres nécessaires à l'obtention du manganite non dopé monophasé. Les différentes techniques expérimentales classiques ainsi que des méthodes plus originales (W. A. X. S. , S. P. S. , frottement intérieur) utilisées nous ont permis de comprendre les étapes de cristallisation, c'est dire le passage de la poudre brute d'élaboration amorphe à l'oxyde cristallisé. La morphologie et les propriétés des oxydes recuits à différentes températures ont aussi été étudiées. Puis nous avons opté pour la méthodologie de recherches expérimentales, pour la synthèse du manganite de lanthane dopé au strontium et plus précisément La0,7Sr0,3MnO3+d. Ce choix est positif, du fait de l'obtention de l'oxyde désiré après deux plans d'expérimentation originaux. Par la suite, nous avons synthétisé et caractérisé la zircone yttriée. .
The aim of my research work was to develop hydrothermal synthesis procedure to get powders and films of strontium doped lanthanum manganite La1-xSrxMnO3+d, (LSMO) and yttrium stabilized zirconia ZrO2-8mol% Y2O3 (YSZ) and to optimize the properties of materials with significiant ratio surface/volume. The use of hydrothermal synthesis at low temperature under homogeneous pressure appeared recently. For the synthesis of powders, first we defined the parameters leading to single phased un-doped manganite samples. We investigated the crystallization stage of the amorphous powder resulting from the hydrothermal synthesis by W. A. X. S. . We also characterized some physical properties by internal friction technique. For LSMO, the procedure was developped involving the methodology of experimental research. This choice is positive, because we obtain the oxide wished after two plans experimentation originals. We optimized the hydrothermal synthesis and characterized 8 mol % Y2O3 stabilized zirconia. In the second time, we investigated the deposition of films: YSZ layers on polycristalline aAl2O3 and LaMnO3+d substrates; LaMnO3+d layers on polycristalline aAl2O3, YSZ and Mn doped YSZ supports. We obtained covering layers but ould not avoid the formation of cracks
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35

Hammouche, Abderrezak. "Contribution à l'étude de La(1-x)Sr(x)MnO3 comme matériau d'électrode à oxygène à haute température." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0075.

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Les composes la#1##xsr#xmno#3 sont utilises comme materiau d'electrode a oxygene utilisables dans les cellules galvaniques mettant en jeu un oxyde d'electrolytes solides. Leur caracterisation physicochimique a porte sur la determination de la structure cristalline et l'etude des proprietes thermiques et electriques
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36

Kazakov, Serguei. "A la recherche de nouveaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique dans le système Sr-K-Bi-O." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10169.

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La decouverte recente de la supraconductivite a 30 k dans la perovskite cubique ba#0#. #6k#0#. #4bio#3 a attire l'attention sur les oxydes de bismuth en particulier au vu de la difference importante des proprietes par rapport a celles des cuprates supraconducteurs. Le but de ce travail etait de rechercher de nouveaux supraconducteurs dans le systeme sr-k-bi-o. Nous avons effectivement reussi a synthetiser plusieurs nouveaux compose dans ce systeme, dont deux nouveaux supraconducteurs a 12k, et apporte ainsi une connaissance plus approfondie des mecanismes de la supraconductivite dans les oxydes mixtes de bismuth. Le nouveau compose sr#1#. #2bi#0#. #8o#3 a ete prepare sous pression d'oxygene. La structure de srbio#3, determinee par diffraction neutronique, peut etre decrite comme une perovskite distordue de maille ab2a#p, c2a#p (a est le parametre d'une perovskite cubique ideale). Nous avons montre qu'il y a une dismutation partielle du bismuth en deux cations bi#3#+ et bi#5#+ qui occupent deux sites distincts bi1 et bi2. Cette localisation des charges explique la propriete d'isolant du compose. Une substitution partielle de k ou rb sur le site du sr est a l'origine de la supraconductivite dans les composes sr#1##xk#xbio#3(t#c12) et sr#1##xrb#xbio#3(t#c13 k), prepares a haute pression et haute temperature. La substitution par les cations alcalins provoque egalement une diminution des parametres de maille et de l'importance de la distorsion par rapport a la symetrie cubique. Les structures cristallines de sr#1#. #2bi#0#. #8o#3, sr#0#. #7k#0#. #3bio#3, sr#0#. #4k#0#. #6bio#3, sr#0#. #3k#0#. #7bio#3 ont ete determinees a partir de donnees de diffraction de rayons-x et de neutrons. Dans la region supraconductrice la symetrie est tetragonale. Nous avons aussi synthetise le nouveau compose sr#1#. #6k#1#. #4bi#2o#7 qui est le second terme de la serie de ruddlesden-popper serie (sr,k)#n#+#1bi#no#3#n#+#1. La structure a ete affinee a partir de donnees de diffractions de rayons-x sur poudre. La composition cationique (sr,k) ne varie que sur une tres etroite plage ce qui ne permet pas d'atteindre des valeurs suffisamment basse de la valence du bismuth. Ceci est probablement responsable de l'absence de supraconductivite dans les echantillons prepares. Enfin, deux autres nouvelles phases sr#2##xk#xbi#2o#7## et srkbio#4 ont aussi ete trouvees dans le systeme sr-k-bi-o et nous avons determine leur structure.
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37

Hajj, Fadi. "Utilisation des isotopes stables et radiogéniques du strontium pour tracer la provenance des bois : application à des épaves sous-marines." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0334.

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Au début des temps modernes (16ème - 18ème siècles), la construction de grands navires était primordiale pour le développement des rencontres culturelles dans ce qui est devenu l'âge de la découverte et de l'expansion européenne. L’Espagne était une des grandes puissances de l’époque. Le projet européen « ForSEAdiscovery » cherche dans ce contexte à répondre aux questions clés suivantes : les ressources forestières ibériques de l’époque soutenaient-elles la demande croissante de bois, ou bien ce bois était-il importé d’autres pays ? Si ces bois ne provenaient pas de l’Espagne, comment les réseaux de commerce étaient-ils organisés ? Ce projet aborde ces questions à travers un programme de recherche multidisciplinaire et innovant pour améliorer la compréhension de notre passé historique et de notre patrimoine culturel, et développer notre connaissance sur l'utilisation passée des ressources en bois pour la construction navale. L'objectif de cette thèse, qui s’insère dans ce projet, est d’identifier la provenance des bois utilisés dans la construction navale ibérique en utilisant des traceurs géochimiques. L’hypothèse est que les arbres se développant sur des roches et des sols contrastés possèdent des signatures géochimiques spécifiques héritées des roches. Les signatures isotopiques en strontium (87Sr/86Sr) peuvent notamment être des indicateurs de provenance géographique. Dans ce contexte, la démarche suivie dans la thèse a consisté à caractériser la signature isotopique en Sr dans des bois d'épaves de bateaux et dans les bois d’arbres actuels, les sols et roches prélevés dans les principaux peuplements forestiers espagnols pointés comme lieux de production des bois entre le 16ème - 18ème siècles. Les signatures en δ88/86Sr, traceur peu connu encore, ont également été caractérisées dans les échantillons. Les types et les âges des roches ont été caractérisés et les liens entre les rapports isotopiques 87Sr/86Sr et δ88/86Sr dans les roches, sols et arbres ont été étudiés sur les sites espagnols échantillonnés. La signature locale des sites espagnols potentiels de provenance de bois a été déterminée. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que le rapport isotopique 87Sr/86Sr dans les arbres reflète la signature de la fraction échangeable des sols sur lesquels ils croissent alors que le δ88/86Sr est affecté par le fractionnement, les isotopes légers (86Sr) étant préférentiellement incorporés dans les arbres laissant la fraction échangeable du sol enrichie avec les isotopes lourds (88Sr). Ce fractionnement observé pour les chênes, n’est pas marqué dans le bois des pins suggérant que le fractionnement isotopique durant le transfert du Sr entre le sol et l’arbre est dépendant de l’espèce. La contamination des bois d’épaves par les éléments marins a été identifiée. Le Sr marin se retrouve notamment sous forme adsorbée ou dans la structure des minéraux précipités dans les bois immergés. Différentes expériences d’extractions ont été testées et un protocole adapté a été développé pour extraire les éléments marins et retrouver la signature originelle du bois archéologique. Nous avons réussi à valider un protocole d’extraction et retrouver la signature originelle d’un échantillon de bois d’épave. Ce résultat souligne le potentiel et l’importance d’une nouvelle méthode combinant 87Sr/86Sr et δ88/86Sr pour des futures études de provenance de bois ou autres matériaux. Cependant, nos résultats indiquent également que beaucoup de nos échantillons de bois archéologiques n’ont pas conservé leur Sr originel. Partant de ce constat, des préconisations sont proposées pour améliorer la possibilité d’utilisation de ce traceur dans les études futures de provenance de bois archéologiques sous-marins
In the Early Modern Age (16th - 18th centuries), the construction of ocean-going ships was paramount to the development of cultural encounters in what became the Age of Discovery and European expansion. Spain was one of the biggest forces of that time. The European project “ForSEAdiscovery” seeks answers in this context to the following key questions: Could Spanish forest resources sustain the increasing demand of timber, or were the wood imported from elsewhere? If Spanish forests were not the only wood supplier, how were the trade networks organized? This project will address these questions through a multidisciplinary and innovative training research program to improve the understanding of our historical past, our cultural heritage, and our knowledge of the use of resources for shipbuilding. The objective of this PhD thesis, taking part of this project, is to identify the provenance of the Iberian shipbuilding wood using geochemical tracers. The hypothesis is that trees growing on contrasted rocks and soils have specific geochemical signatures, which can be an indicator of geographic provenance. In this context, the Sr isotopic signature (87Sr/86Sr) was characterized in shipwreck wood samples and wood from living trees, soils and rocks collected from the Spanish forest stands indicated as potential source of wood between the 16th - 18th centuries. The δ88/86Sr signatures were also characterized in the samples. The rock types and ages were characterized at the selected sites and the link between the 87Sr/86Sr and δ88/86Sr in rocks, soils and trees was studied on the sampled Spanish sites. The local signature of Spanish potential sites was determined for provenance of wood. Our results indicate that 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in trees reflect the signature of the corresponding soil exchangeable pool while δ88/86Sr was shown to be affected by mass-dependent fractionation with trees taking up lighter (86Sr) isotopes, leaving the soil exchangeable pool enriched with the heavier isotopes (88Sr). This fractionation observed for oak trees, was not found in pines suggesting that the isotopic fractionation during tree uptake is species dependent. The contamination of wood from shipwrecks by seawater elements was identified. Marine Sr was found to be adsorbed on the wood or included in the precipitated minerals in the waterlogged wood. Several extraction experiments were tested and an adapted protocol was developed to extract the seawater elements and retrieve the original signature of the archaeological wood. We succeeded to validate an extraction protocol and retrieve the original signature of one wood sample. This result underline the potential and importance of a new method combining 87Sr/86Sr and δ88/86Sr values for future provenance studies on wood or other materials. However, our results also indicated that most of our shipwreck wood samples did not conserve their original Sr. Therefore, preconizations were suggested in order to extend the use of this tracer in future provenance studies on archaeological wood from shipwrecks
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MURAKAMI, DANIELLA. "Efeitos das radiacoes gama (sup 60 Co) e beta (sup 90 Sr) em celulas de ovario de hamster chines (CHO-K1): inducao de micronucleos e morte celular." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11113.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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39

Vella, Virginie. "Les chronomètres U-Pb, Rb-Sr, K-Ar appliqués à l'évolution d'un gisement uranifère en milieu sédimentaire : cas du bassin permien de Lodève (Hérault)." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20154.

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Les etudes geochronologiques sur les mineralisations u du gisement du bassin de lodeve (sud du massif central francais), ont porte sur 67 echantillons preleves dans quatre gites (rabejac, maas lavayre, saint jean de la blaquiere, les mare). La mineralisation se presente sous forme de bitumes u sur fractures, de nodules bitumineux millimetriques et de pechblende massive ou disseminee dans la roche. Les echantillons ont ete etudies soit systematiquement en prelevant point par point le long d'une fracture, soit en analysant en roche totale. Les resultats obtenus en k-ar et rb-sr sur les argiles confirment l'existence des evenements liasique et cretace
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40

BARRIO, GRACIELA. "Desenvolvimento de tecnologias de preparo de geradores de sup(90)Sr/sup(90)Y na Diretoria de Radiofarmacia do IPEN/CNEN-SP." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9600.

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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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41

Heidinger, Bertrand. "Synthèse par broyage réactif de perovskites (La,Sr,Ce)(Mn,Fe,Co)O3 : Caractérisation et propriétés catalytiques dans la réaction d'oxydation totale du toluène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R057.

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Des matériaux de type pérovskite ABO3 (A : La ; B : Mn, Fe, Co) ont été synthétisés par une méthode originale de broyage réactif, qui possède l’avantage d’être très simple à mettre en œuvre, peu coûteuse et n’implique que peu ou pas de solvant. La synthèse a été réalisée en trois étapes successives : (i) une calcination à haute température permettant l’obtention de la structure pérovskite à partir des oxydes simples respectifs ; (ii) un broyage haute énergie permettant une réduction de la taille de domaine cristallin (Dc), de l’ordre micrométrique à nanométrique, par fractionnement ; (iii) un broyage à basse énergie permettant l’augmentation de surface spécifique par désagglomération des particules. Les matériaux obtenus après ces trois étapes ont montré des tailles de cristallites réduites (Dc ~10-20 nm), une surface spécifique raisonnable (respectivement 10, 19 et 20 m2·g−1 pour LaMnO3,15, LaFeO3 et LaCoO3) ainsi qu’une réductibilité du site B accrue. L’amélioration des propriétés texturales et redox des matériaux conduit à une amélioration significative des performances catalytiques vis-à-vis de la réaction d’oxydation totale du toluène. La composition LaCoO3 a présenté les meilleurs résultats et cette formulation a ensuite été utilisée comme base pour évaluer l’impact de la substitution du site A par le strontium ou le cérium : La1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0,05–0,40) et La1-xCexCoO3 (x = 0,01–0,20). Les matériaux substitués ont montré des propriétés texturales similaires et des propriétés catalytiques supérieures à la référence non substituée (LaCoO3), avec un optimum observé pour La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 et La0.99Ce0.01CoO3. Pour La1-xCexCoO3, seule une faible quantité de cérium peut être insérée dans la structure, une phase secondaire CeO2 se formant au-delà et empoisonnant le catalyseur. Dans le cas de La1-xSrxCoO3, l’incorporation du strontium est complète, induisant : (i) un désordre structural localisé permettant une meilleure mobilité de l’oxygène, ainsi que (ii) une modification importante de la réductibilité du cobalt, allant jusqu’à sa réduction totale à basse température pour les plus fortes teneurs en strontium
Perovskite ABO3 materials (A: La; B: Mn, Fe, Co) have been synthesized by an original reactive grinding method, which has the advantage of being very simple to use, inexpensive and involves little or no solvent. The synthesis was carried out in three successive steps: (i) high temperature calcination to obtain the perovskite structure from the respective single oxides; (ii) high energy grinding to reduce the size of the crystalline domain (Dc) from micrometric to nanometric level by fractionation; (iii) low energy grinding to increase the specific surface area by deagglomeration of the particles. The materials obtained after these three steps showed reduced crystallite sizes (Dc ~10-20 nm), a reasonable specific surface area (respectively 10, 19 and 20 m2·g-1 for LaMnO3,15, LaFeO3 and LaCoO3) and increased reducibility of the B site. The improvement of the textural and redox properties of materials leads to a significant improvement in catalytic performance with respect to the total oxidation reaction of toluene. The LaCoO3 composition presented the best results and this formulation was then used as the starting point for evaluating the impact of the substitution of strontium or cerium at site A: La1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0.05-0.40) and La1-xCexCoO3 (x = 0.01-0.20). The substituted materials showed similar textural properties and catalytic properties superior to the non-substituted reference (LaCoO3), with an optimum observed for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 and La0.99Ce0.01CoO3. For La1-xCexCoO3, only a small amount of cerium can be inserted into the structure, with a secondary CeO2 phase forming beyond and poisoning the catalyst. In the case of La1-xSrxCoO3, the incorporation of strontium is complete, inducing: (i) a localized structural disorder allowing better oxygen mobility, as well as (ii) a significant modification of cobalt reducibility, up to its total reduction at low temperature for the highest strontium contents
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42

Castagné, Jean. "ETUDE DES PREMIERES ETAPES DE LA CROISSANCE PAR JETS MOLECULAIRES SUR LES SYSTEMES HETEROEPITAXIAUX GaAs-(Ca, Sr)F2 ET GaAs/Si." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0025.

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PREPARATION DES SUPPORTS GaAs ET Si. DEPOT DE (Ca, Sr)F2 SUR GaAs (ACCOMMODATION DES RESEAUX) ET SUR SI (DESACCOMMODATION = 5%) ET ETUDE DU MODE DE CROISSANCE PAR SPECTROMETRIE AUGER ET DIFFRACTION RHEED. PUIS ETUDE DE LA REPRISE DE CROISSANCE DE GAAS SUR (Ca, Sr)F2 OU SUR Si EN DEPOSANT D'ABORD UNE FINE COUCHE GaAs AMORPHE QUE L'ON RECUIT. LE MODE DE CROISSANCE, QUI EST TRIDIMENSIONNEL DANS DES CONDITIONS STANDARD, TEND ALORS VERS UN MECANISME 2D ET L'ETUDE RHEED PERMET D'ETABLIR LA QUALITE CRISTALLOGRAPHIQUE DES PREMIERES COUCHES GaAs AINSI ELABOREES
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43

Rutkowski, Mitchell M. "Growth Parameter Dependence and Correlation of Native Point Defects and Dielectric Properties in BaxSr1-xTiO3 Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366299175.

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44

Le, Quilleuc Meryll. "Caractérisation élémentaire et isotopique (Sr et Nd) des dépôts d'aérosols sahariens sur la marge sénégalaise : implications pour la signature géochimique des sources." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R075.

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Les aérosols désertiques émis dans les régions arides et semi-arides constituent un élément actif du système climatique global. En effet, de par leurs propriétés optiques et leur rôle dans les processus de nucléation dans l’atmosphère, ils ont un impact sur le bilan radiatif et le cycle hydrologique. Ils ont également une influence sur les cycles biogéochimiques marins et continentaux par l’apport de micro-nutriments dans les régions où ils se déposent. Par ailleurs, les aérosols désertiques sont des indicateurs des changements paleo-environnementaux dans les archives sédimentaires. L’impact de l’aérosol minéral dans le système climatique dépend de la quantité de particules émises dans l’atmosphère, de leur distribution granulométrique et de leur composition géochimique. Ces paramètres sont cependant souvent insuffisamment quantifiés, en particulier dans la région du Sahara et du Sahel (plus importante source au monde), du fait des très nombreuses zones d’émission et de leur caractère intermittent. Les caractéristiques des retombées de l’aérosol saharien sont singulièrement mal connues ; celles-ci sont pourtant essentielles pour estimer son impact sur les cycles biogéochimiques, faire le lien avec les dépôts sédimentaires, et contraindre les modèles atmosphériques de transport. Une étude de dépôts éoliens a été réalisée sur la côte sénégalaise dans l’objectif d’améliorer nos connaissances sur la composition chimique des aérosols transportés sur la marge ouest africaine et la signature chimique des régions sources. Dans ce cadre, un capteur passif a été mis en place en 2006 à Mbour, permettant de construire une série temporelle continue de dépôts d’aérosols désertiques avec un pas d’échantillonnage d’une semaine ou moins. La composition élémentaire de la fraction silicatée inférieure à 30µm de 221 échantillons de dépôts a été déterminée (incluant une série continue de deux ans entre 2013 et 2015), ainsi que les rapports isotopiques du strontium (Sr) et du néodyme (Nd) de 63 de ces échantillons. En parallèle, une étude des sources alimentant notre site d’étude a été réalisée à l’aide de l’indice satellite IDDI et de rétrotrajectoires de masse d’air (HYSPLIT). L’étude de la série continue de dépôts 2013-2015 a révélé une grande variabilité dans la composition chimique des particules, suggérant une importante diversité géochimique des sources. Cette série temporelle a permis de mettre en évidence des changements saisonniers du flux et de la composition chimique, en lien avec les changements de provenance et de transport des particules entre la saison sèche (hiver-printemps) pendant laquelle les aérosols sont apportés par les alizés qui balayent le continent ouest-africain, et la saison humide (été) au cours de laquelle les dépôts résultent en partie du lessivage par les précipitations de particules transportées à haute altitude dans la Saharan Air Layer (SAL)
Mineral aerosols emitted in arid and semi-arid regions of the Earth represent an active element of the global climate system. In fact, due to their optical properties and their role in nucleation processes in the atmosphere, they have an impact on the radiative budget and the hydrological cycle. They also take part in many biogeochemical cycles in the ocean and on land through the input of micro-nutriments in regions where they are deposited. Mineral dust is also an indicator of paleo-environmental conditions changes in sedimentary archives. Mineral dust impact in the climate system depends on the amount of particles transported in the atmosphere, on their grain size distributions and on their geochemical compositions. Yet, these characteristics are often insufficiently quantified, particularly in the vast Sahara-Sahel domain (the largest source worldwide), due to the numerous emissions areas and to their intermittency. The characteristics of Saharan dust deposits are especially poorly constrained, although they are essentials to estimate the dust impact on biogeochemical cycles, to make the connection with sedimentary deposits, and to validate dust transport model outputs. A study of eolian deposits was carried out on the Senegalese coast in order to improve our knowledge of the chemical composition of mineral aerosols transported over the West African margin and of the geochemical signature of the source regions. For this purpose, a passive collector was set up in 2006 at Mbour, allowing the build up of a long continuous time series dust deposits with a sampling resolution of a week or less (down to 24h). Elemental composition (major and trace elements) of the <30µm carbonate-free, silicate fraction of 221 dust deposit samples was determined (including a two-year continuous time series between March 2013 and February 2015), as well as the Sr and Nd isotopic ratios for 63 of them. Concurrently, investigations on the sources feeding our sampling site were conducted with the help of the IDDI satellite product as well as air masses backtrajectories calculated with the HYSPLIT model. The study of the 2013-2015 continuous time series of dust deposits revealed a large variability in the chemical composition of the dust, suggesting an important diversity in the geochemistry of the contributing sources. This long time series brought to light marked seasonal changes, both in the mass flux and the chemical composition, that can be linked to changes in provenance and transporting wind systems between the dry season (winter-spring) during which aerosols are transported in the trade winds that sweep across West Africa, and the wet season (summer) when dust deposit result to some degree from the scavenging by precipitations of dust transported at high altitude in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL)
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45

DELACARTE, VALERIE, and Daniel Vivien. "Cristallogenese et etude spectroscopique de l'aluminate de strontium lanthane sr#1#-#xla#xmg#xal#1#2#-#xo#1#9 (asl) dope nd, cr, nd-cr ou pr. Proprietes laser de l'asl : nd." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066543.

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L'asn, sr#1#-#xnd#xmg#xal#1#2#-#xo#1#9 (sr#1#-#xnd#x) est un materiau laser prometteur decouvert recemment. Nous nous sommes interesses a l'asl:nd (sr#1#-#xnd#yla#x#-#y) pour lesquels les taux de strontium et de neodyme, responsables respectivement de la non congruence de la fusion et des proprietes laser, peuvent varier independamment. Les spectroscopies d'absorption et d'emission sont etudiees en fonction de la composition des cristaux synthetises au four a concentration de rayonnement. On assiste a une extinction de la fluorescence due a des interactions fortes entre ions nd#3#+. L'intensite de fluorescence est maximale pour environ 10% de neodyme. Les meilleures compositions sont synthetisees par tirage czochralski. Les cristaux sr#1#-#xnd#yla#x#-#y avec 1-x 0,6 ou 1-x = 0,7 et y 0,1 sont a fusion congruente. Pour les autres compositions, l'ecart a la non congruence est d'autant plus grand que le taux de strontium est eleve et le taux de lanthane faible. Les tests laser en pompage par diode a 796 nm mettent en vedette le cristal sr#0#,#7nd#0#,#1la#0#,#2 pour lequel le rendement differentiel atteint 47%. Un tirage reussi a l'echelle industriel pour la composition sr#0#,#7nd#0#,#1la#0#,#2 permet de dire que l'asl: nd est desormais en phase de developpement. Dans une deuxieme etape, l'etude du chrome dans l'asl: cr revele la presence de 4 sites occupes par cr#3#+, de paires et de triades de chrome. Les cristaux codopes d'asl: nd, cr sont ensuite elabores et on montre l'existence des transferts d'energie cr nd tres efficaces. Ceci laisse prevoir une augmentation forte du rendement de l'emission laser de nd#3#+, en pompage par lampe flash, grace a l'introduction de chrome. Enfin, le cristal de composition sr#0#,#7nd#0#,#1la#0#,#2cr#0#,#0#5 est synthetise par tirage czochralski a l'echelle industrielle. Sa taille et sa qualite permettent de poursuivre ce travail en effectuant des tests laser en pompage par lampe flash. Enfin, les cristaux sr#0#,#7pr#yla#0#,#3#-#y avec y = 0,02 ; 0,05 et 0,10 ont ete synthetises par tirage czochralski et leur proprietes optiques etudiees. Compte tenu des resultats obtenus, on espere observer l'effet laser de l'asl: pr a des longueurs d'onde interessantes en particulier dans le visible
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46

Gangloff, Sophie. "Evaluation of the mechanisms of trace elements transport (Pb, Rare Earth Elements,... ) and the elemental and isotopic fractionation (Ca and Sr) at the interface water-soil-plant." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH002/document.

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Ce travail est axé sur l’étude d’un profil de sol et des solutions de sol prélevés sur une parcelle expérimentale couvertes d’épicéas. Tous ces échantillons proviennent du Bassin Versant du Strengbach (Observatoire HydroGéochimique de l’Environnement – OHGE), ont été échantillonnés à différentes profondeurs (5, 10, 30 et 60 cm) et durant la période comprise entre 2009 et 2013.Les caractérisations des extraits des sols par spectroscopie Infra-Rouge ont permis de mettre en évidence les modifications des groupements fonctionnels organiques avec la profondeur et que ces modifications ont une forte incidence sur le comportement des cations (majeurs et traces) dans le sol. Des expérimentations d’ultra-filtration ont permis d’identifier les flux colloïdaux et dissous du carbone organique ainsi que ceux des éléments majeurs et traces présents dans les solutions de sol. L’utilisation conjointe des traceurs isotopiques (87Sr/86Sr et δ44/40Ca) et chimiques (Terres Rares) ont mis en évidence des processus ayant lieu aux interfaces eau-sol-plante, comme le prélèvement racinaire ou l’altération des sols
This work is focused on the study of a profile of soil and soil solutions collected on an experimental plot covered with spruce. All these samples come from the watershed of the Strengbach (environment - OHGE Hydrogeochimique Observatory), were sampled at different depths (5, 10, 30 and 60 cm) and during the period between 2009 and 2013. Characterizations of soil extracts by infrared spectroscopy allowed to highlight changes in the organic functional groups with depth and that these changes have a significant impact on the behaviour of the cations (major and trace) in the soil. Ultrafiltration experiments helped to identify flows of colloidal and dissolved organic carbon as well as those of the major and trace-element present in soil solutions. The joint use of isotope tracers (87Sr / 86Sr and δ44 / 40 Ca) and chemical (Rare Earth Elements) have highlighted processes taking place at the water-soil-plant interface, as the uptake by root or soil alteration
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47

Medini, Salim. "Traçage géographique des huiles d’olive par les isotopes du Sr : développement analytique et application aux huiles AOP de Nîmes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4306/document.

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Depuis de nombreuses années, une approche a été mise en œuvre reposant sur l'identification de l'origine géographique d'un produit agro-alimentaire via la connaissance de ses isotopes du Sr, notamment via l'analyse du rapport 87Sr/86Sr. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'appliquer cette stratégie de reconnaissance aux huiles d'olive, en s'appuyant sur la production des huiles AOP de Nîmes dans le Sud de la France (Gard). La viscosité, la charge organique élevée, la teneur faible en Sr de cette matrice, rendent néanmoins inadaptés les protocoles de purification du Sr existants. La première approche de l'étude correspond donc à la définition et à la validation d'une méthode de traitement des huiles d'olive en vue de la purification du Sr afin de procéder à l'analyse de sa composition isotopique (CI). La seconde partie de l'étude est consacrée à la définition des processus d'assimilation et de transfert du Sr dans l'olivier. Cette approche, menée grâce à une étude détaillée d'un des moulins AOP de Nîmes, a permis de démontrer que le transfert du Sr des sols vers l'olivier et au sein des oliviers se fait sans fractionnement isotopique.La dernière partie de l'étude s'appuie sur la mesure et la caractérisation des rapports isotopiques 87Sr/86Sr des dix huiles d'olive AOP de Nîmes, et une comparaison de cette signature avec celle des formations géologiques sur lesquelles reposent les parcelles de culture. L'identité de la CI huile-territoire de culture a permis de conclure, dans le contexte de production de l'huile d'olive AOP de Nîmes, que les isotopes du Sr constituent un très bon outil de traçage de l'origine géographique des produits oléicoles
For many years, an approach based on the identification of the geographical origin for food product has been implemented through the knowledge of its Sr isotopes, particularly through the analysis of 87Sr / 86Sr ratio. The objective of this thesis is to develop a similar strategy for the olive oils, from the example of PDO Nimes (Gard), in southern France. A specific methodology is necessary since the existing purification protocols of Sr revealed themselves inadequate because of viscosity, high organic load, low Sr content of this matrix In order to proceed to the analysis of the isotopic composition (IC), the first part of the study highlights the definition and validation of a specific method for the treatment of olive oils and strontium purification. The second part of the study is dedicated to expose the processes of assimilation and transfer of strontium into the olive tree. This approach, conducted through a detailed study of one of Nîmes PDO mills, demonstrated that the transfer of strontium from soils to olive tree, and within the olive tree, occurs without isotope fractionation.The last part of the manuscript studies the isotopic ratios 87Sr / 86Sr of the ten PDO olive oils of Nimes and consists in a comparison of this signature with the geological formations underlying the cultivation soils. This approach allows discussing quality of Sr isotopic tool in the geographical recognition of the olive products. The observed similarity between th IC from oils and soil allow us to conclude that, in this context of production, the Sr isotopes are a efficient tool to trace and certify the geographical origin of the oil
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48

Pachot, Stéphanie. "Etudes structurales des composés à échelles de spins du type A14 Cu24 O[41+(delta)] (A = Sr, Ca, Ba, Nd, Y, Na, K)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10133.

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49

Bentahila, Yasmine. "Sédimentation autour de Taiwan de 35000 ans à l'actuel : variations des sources (isotopes du Pb-Sr-Zn) et des conditions environnementales (isotopes du Cu-Zn)." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00103456.

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Les rapports isotopiques en Sr et Pb dans la fraction terrigène de sédiments marins nous permettent d'identifier les variations spatiales actuelles des apports sédimentaires autour de Taiwan : nous mettons en évidence l'augmentation progressive des apports de Taiwan (de 60% au Sud à 100% à la hauteur de Taiwan). Ces apports sont ensuite, au Nord-Est de l'île, dilués (50-60%) par du matériel de type Loess et particulaire du Fleuve Yangtze. De plus, les analyses des isotopes du Zn effectuées sur des échantillons représentatifs de Taiwan indiquent un enrichissement en isotopes lourds, qui est également observé dans la fraction silicatée de sédiments marins identifiés par les signatures isotopiques Sr-Pb comme provenant essentiellement de l'érosion de cette Chaîne.
A l'échelle des derniers 35ka, d'importantes variations isotopiques en Sr-Pb (terrigène) et en Cu-Zn (carbonate) sont enregistrées dans les échantillons du forage ODP 1202D (Bassin d'Okinawa). Les isotopes du Sr et du Pb mettent en évidence une augmentation des apports lœssiques durant la période du Younger Dryas : cette augmentation est reliée à une intensification de la mousson d'hiver, engendrant des vents plus forts provenant du continent asiatique. Parallèlement, les fractionnements isotopiques importants du Cu et du Zn enregistrés depuis 6.9ka seraient liés à l'incorporation préférentielle des isotopes légers par l'activité biologique dans la zone euphotique. Ainsi, les faibles fractionnements isotopiques mesurés dans les échantillons du Younger Dryas seraient dus à un mélange entre les eaux de surfaces et les eaux plus profondes du fait de l'intensification des vents, provoquant ainsi une homogénéisation isotopique.
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50

Noudem, Jacques Guillaume. "Texturation des céramiques supraconductrices Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O par combinaison des effets du champ magnétique et de la contrainte uniaxiale à haute température." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10169.

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Les ceramiques supraconductrices des composes bi-(pb)-sr-ca-cu-o ont une capacite de transport de courant electrique a 77 k faible qui est due a la presence des porosites et a la desorientation des feuillets. Pour obtenir des densites de courant critique de transport elevees dans ces materiaux, il est necessaire de les densifier et d'induire une orientation cristallographique preferentielle. Un procede permettant de texturer par effet combine du champ magnetique et de la contrainte uniaxiale a haute temperature a ete mis au point. Le dispositif experimental permet d'appliquer une pression uniaxiale de 60 mpa sous un champ magnetique de 8 t jusqu'a une temperature de 1100c. Les echantillons elabores sont obtenus a partir des precurseurs industriels (hoechst) de la phase bi:2223. La technique de texturation par solidification sous champ magnetique s'est averee tres efficace pour obtenir des echantillons massifs polycristallins bi-(pb)-sr-ca-cu-o orientes avec l'axe-c des cristallites parallele au champ magnetique applique. Les densites de courant critiques (jc) obtenues par ce procede sont de 1450 a/cm#2 pour une densite de 5. 1 g/cm#3 (82% de la densite theorique). La texturation par fluage sous contrainte uniaxiale, a permis d'obtenir des ceramiques denses ( 6 g/cm#3), homogenes ayant des densites de courant critiques de 2500 a/cm#2. Les rubans ag/bi:2223 fournis par alcatel alsthom ont aussi ete textures avec succes par le procede de pressage a chaud. La combinaison du champ magnetique et de la contrainte uniaxiale permet d'ameliorer la texture et la densite des echantillons qui par ailleurs sont tres homogenes et possedent une bonne tenue mecanique. Les densites de courant critique de transport a 77 k atteignent 3800 a/cm#2 suivant les plans (a,b) et 1100 a/cm#2 suivant l'axe-c. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en evidence la possibilite d'utiliser ces ceramiques texturees dans le domaine de l'electrotechnique pour limiter le courant
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