Journal articles on the topic 'STRONG TIES VS. WEAK TIES'
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Moskotina, Ruslana. "Protest engagement: weak vs strong social ties." Ukrainian society 2019, no. 3 (2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2019.03.023.
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This article dwells upon the importance of finding methods and ways of studying protest behaviour that can explain its emergence. Protest behaviour is considered as the result of protest engagement. It is assumed that there are social ties between individuals, potential protesters. M. Granovetter proposes to distinguish strong ties and weak ties. Strong ties tend to form closed and cohesive groups but weak ties can be the bridges that match groups and/or individuals. The author of this article conducts a research with applying a method of agent-based modelling. Its aim is to test the Granovetter’s thesis about the strength of weak ties towards protest behaviour. In this research the linear threshold model is used. Our research with applying method of the agent-based modelling includes the computer experiments (simulations) with the social networks. There are generated five networks, three of which contain only strong ties and the rest of the networks contain only weak ties. Simulations with the networks allow us to determine the number of inactive agents that are involved in the protest, the speed of the protest engagement and the effectiveness of overcoming the resistance of inactive agents. It is found that both weak ties and strong ties can determine protest behaviour. Strong ties contribute to a quicker protest engagement. Weak ties can better overcome the resistance of inactive agents. At the same time weak ties slow down the process of the protest engagement and strong ties are generally less effective in overcoming the resistance of inactive agents. Agent-based modelling helps us to conduct the fundamental research. On the one hand we test Granovetter’s thesis about the strength of weak ties towards protest behaviour. On the other hand we cannot draw conclusions about protest behaviour in Ukraine. But we can conduct an empirical sociological study in order to test the results of our research and understand its relevance towards protest behaviour in Ukraine.
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Palazon, Mariola, María Sicilia, and Manuela Lopez. "The influence of “Facebook friends” on the intention to join brand pages." Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, no. 6 (September 21, 2015): 580–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-08-2014-0696.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role of Facebook friends on the intention to join brand pages in this social network site (SNS). SNSs have grown in both popularity and use. They allow individuals to articulate their social networks by developing a list of other members on the site with whom they share a connection. These platforms also allow companies to create profiles to promote their brands. However, many firms have jumped into SNSs by creating a “brand page” without fully understanding how to spread it successfully. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were developed. In the first one, the authors manipulated how the individual comes to know about brand pages. Participants discovered a brand page through a friend with whom they have either a strong tie or a weak tie. In the second experiment (2 × 2), the authors manipulated tie strength (strong vs weak) and the type of recommendation (active vs passive). Findings – Results of the first study show that as the individual has more experience in Facebook (measured in this paper through satisfaction, past behavior of following brands and Facebook intensity), the effect of tie strength on the intention to join a brand page dilutes. The second study confirms Study 1 and shows that strong ties exert more influence than weak ties when the brand page is actively recommended by Facebook friends. Practical implications – This paper shows that the influence of strong ties is particularly important for individuals with low levels of experience in Facebook. As experience in SNSs is expected to continue growing, managers should not forget the role of weak ties as a source of information for their networked friends. Strong ties only remain more influential than weak ties when the information about the brand page is received through an invitation. Originality/value – This paper explores the interpersonal influences in Facebook, asserting that the influence of tie strength depends on the level of experience in the SNS, and on the way, information about the brand page is received.
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Wang, Qi, Yan Sun, Ji Zhu, and Xiaohang Zhang. "The impact of uncertain rewards on customers’ recommendation intention in social networks." Internet Research 28, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 1029–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-03-2017-0116.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to research the effect of uncertain rewards on the recommendation intention in referral reward programs (RRPs) and investigate the interaction of tie strength and reward type on the recommendation intention. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a quantitative exploratory approach through the use of experiments. Study 1 adopted a 2×2 between-participants design ((reward type: certain reward vs uncertain reward)×(tie strength: strong tie vs weak tie)). Respectively, by manipulating uncertain probabilities and expected value, Studies 2 and 3 further explore the effect of uncertain rewards and tie strength on customers’ referral intention. Findings This paper finds the following: compared to certain rewards, customers’ referral intention under uncertain rewards is higher and positive experience has a mediating effect between reward type and recommendation intention; when only the recommender is rewarded, the tie strength between the recommender and the receiver moderates the effect of reward type on the recommendation intention; for strong ties, customers’ recommendation intention is higher in uncertain reward condition, but for weak ties, customers’ willingness to recommend is almost the same in both reward types; when both the recommender and the receiver are rewarded, although certain rewards have a higher expected value than uncertain and random rewards, for strong ties, the participants have a higher referral intention under random rewards than that under uncertain rewards, which have a higher referral willingness than that under certain rewards. Additionally, for weak ties, the reverse is true. Originality/value The research has both theoretical implications for research on uncertain rewards and tie strength and practical implications for marketing managers designing and implementing RRPs.
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DESTA, ISAAC, ABEL TEDLA, and DAWIT ZEROM. "ENTREPRENEURIAL NETWORKS AND GROWTH IN FEMALE-OWNED BUSINESSES: EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN ERITREA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 20, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946715500223.
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This study examines the role of entrepreneurial network strength (strong vs. weak ties) on growth of female-owned businesses. Primary data were collected from 356 small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) located in four of the six administrative regions of Eritrea. Our main finding indicates that weak entrepreneurial networks composed of cooperatives and business firms have the strongest positive relationship with growth.
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Utz, Sonja. "Is LinkedIn making you more successful? The informational benefits derived from public social media." New Media & Society 18, no. 11 (July 10, 2016): 2685–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444815604143.
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This article uses a social capital framework to examine whether and how the use of three types of publicly accessible social media (LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook) is related to professional informational benefits among a representative sample of Dutch online users. Professional informational benefits were conceptualized as the (timely) access to relevant information and being referred to career opportunities. The effect of content and structure of the respective online network on professional informational benefits was examined on the general (users vs. non-users of a platform) and more fine-grained level (within users of a specific platform). Overall, users of LinkedIn and Twitter reported higher informational benefits than non-users, whereas the Facebook users reported lower informational benefits. Posting about work and strategically selecting ties consistently predicted informational benefits. The network composition mattered most on LinkedIn; strong and weak ties predicted informational benefits. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the social capital framework.
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Andris, Clio, and Dipto Sarkar. "Methods for the Geographic Representation of Interpersonal Relationships and Social Life." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-11-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Interpersonal relationships are an important part of social and personal health. Studies of social capital show that individuals and communities with stronger ties are have an economic and health advantage. Yet, loneliness and isolation are becoming major public health issues. There is a pressing need to measure where relationships are strong and how accessible one’s social ties are, in order to learn how to better support face-to-face meetings and promote social health in society. However, the datasets we use to study people and human behaviour are most often mobility data and census data &ndash; which tell us little about personal relationships. These data can be augmented with information about where people have ties, and how their relationships unfold over geographic space. The data we use to study the built environment include building footprints and infrastructure, and we can annotate these data by how (well) infrastructure supports different kinds of relationships, in order to ask new questions about how the landscape encourages relationships.</p><p> We suggest a list of methods for representing interpersonal relationships and social life at various socio-spatial levels of aggregation. We give an example of each, with an effort to span various use cases and spatial scales of data modelling.</p><p> <strong>Dyads (line) and Ego-based (star):</strong> This geometric model represents a relationship between two individuals (Figure 1A). The individuals can be geolocated to households, administrative units, real-time locations, etc. The tie can be given a nominal category such as family or co-worker, and edge weights that signify reported relationship strength, frequency of contact, frequency of face-to-face meeting, et cetera. Star models represent a central individual and his/her geolocated ties (that radiate from the centre). The star illustrates the theoretical concept of personal extensibility.</p><p> <strong>Points of Interest (points):</strong> Points of interest provide a place-based perspective (note that these entities can also be represented as polygons such as building footprints, or lines such as gradients of interaction on a subway). Certain places are better suited for fostering relationships than others (Figure 1B), and each can be annotated with their ability to foster: new ties (a nightclub), gender-bonding ties (bowling leagues), romantic ties (romantic restaurants), inter-generational ties (a religious facility), professional ties (conferences), et cetera.</p><p> <strong>Polygons/Administrative Units (polygons):</strong> These data are attached to administrative areal units (Census boundaries, provinces, zones, etc.). The data represent surveyed data on relationship-related variables in censuses, social surveys and social capital surveys. These surveys ask about trust, friendliness with neighbours, social life, belongingness to institutions, and more (Figure 1C), illustrating the social health of an area.</p><p> <strong>Aggregate Flows and Social Networks (lies and networks):</strong> This model illustrates the geolocated, social ties within a spatial extent, i.e. the social networks of a group of many people over a large extent (Figure 1D). Data can be sourced from social media, telecommunications patterns, and other declarations of relationships.</p><p> <strong>Regions (polygons):</strong> Regions, that may describe neighbourhoods within one city, or an agglomeration of cities, can be defined by social ties. Instead of commuting or economic ties, regions are defined by a preponderance of social ties within a given polygon, and a lack of ties between polygons (or between the polygon and any external area). Social regions represent a likeness and strong ties between the people that live within the region (Figure 1E).</p><p> Given these methods for representing social life and interpersonal relationships as GIS data, new questions may arise. At the <strong>dyadic level</strong>: how can we map the presence of a relationship between two people? At the <strong>ego-based level</strong>: how far and with what kind of diversity do people have ties? At the <strong>point of interest level</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can describe places’ ability to create new relationships and foster existing relationships? At the <strong>polygonal level</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can show where relationships are strong or weak? At the <strong>levels of flows and networks</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can describe systems of diffusion? At the <strong>regional level</strong>: what physical and administrative boundaries guide social ties?</p><p> For cartographers and geographic modellers looking to study social life, data acquisition, analysis, and mapping are challenges. The point of this extended abstract is to inventory the possibilities of mapping these data, open a dialog for experimenting with what kinds of symbologies, associated variables, classification schemes, visualization techniques and data collection opportunities are available for this purpose. We also hope to create spaces for comparative studies that describe the implications of these choices. In our search, we find that the major research challenges are the following: 1) privacy 2) geolocatable data 3) qualitative vs. quantitative data and 4) assurance statistically-significant samples sizes 5) analysis and modelling 6) visualization. Nevertheless, our goal is to make these indicators and data more GIS-friendly and available to geospatial analysts, modellers and cartographers.</p>
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Souiden, Nizar, Riadh Ladhari, and Liu Chang. "Chinese perception and willingness to buy Taiwanese brands." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 816–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-09-2017-0203.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine ethnocentrism and animosity in a special context of two societies that share cultural, historical, ethnic and geographical characteristics. In particular, it first investigates the relationships between Chinese ethnocentrism and animosity toward Taiwan, and then it examines the impact of these two factors on the Chinese perception of Taiwanese brand quality and their purchase intent. Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of 605 respondents from China, data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Findings The results show that although Chinese animosity toward Taiwan is moderate, it is significantly driven by ethnocentrism, which has a significant and negative effect on willingness to buy, but not on the perception of Taiwanese brand quality. The Chinese animosity toward Taiwan, however, has negative and significant effects on their perception of Taiwanese brand quality and their intention of purchasing Taiwanese brands. Research limitations/implications The immense size of the country has impeded the representativeness of the authors’ sample and the generalizability of the results. Also, the study covers only one type of product. Practical implications Forming partnerships with local Chinese businesses and developing strong ties with local communities could be considered as a solution to minimize or circumvent the effect of animosity and might help foreign companies appear more “local.” Originality/value In contrast to past studies that investigated ethnocentrism and animosity in the context of countries presenting several differences (e.g. China vs USA), this study investigates the effect of ethnocentrism and animosity in the context of two countries (China and Taiwan) that share cultural, historical, ethnic and geographic characteristics. Despite the strong ties between the two countries, the Chinese have a certain animosity, though moderate, toward Taiwan and consequently are less inclined to buy Taiwanese brands. This implies that Chinese animosity toward a country may be toned down or pronounced, depending on whether they have strong or weak ties with that country.
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Filieri, Raffaele, and Salma Alguezaui. "Structural social capital and innovation. Is knowledge transfer the missing link?" Journal of Knowledge Management 18, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 728–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-08-2013-0329.
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Purpose – This paper aims to address the gap that, to date, no systematic review has been carried out on the role that structural social capital (SC) plays for knowledge transfer and innovation at the interpersonal, inter-unit and inter-firm levels. Individuals and organisations are becoming increasingly involved in collaboration networks to share knowledge and generate innovation. SC theory has been adopted in several areas of study to explain how individuals, groups and organisations manage relationships to generate innovation. Design/methodology/approach – This review covers studies of SC in organisational behaviour, strategy and management over a period of 20 years. Findings – The literature review shows that knowledge types and knowledge transfer processes are the missing links in the relationship between structural SC and innovation. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that seemingly opposite configurations of SC are complementary to each other (structural holes vs dense networks; strong vs weak ties) and that contextual factors should be considered when discussing the effects of SC on knowledge transfer and innovation. In addition, it is the balance of different configurations of SC which enables an individual or a company to explore, access, assimilate and combine different knowledge types, which will lead to improved innovation outcomes. Originality/value – This review facilitates understanding of the role of SC for knowledge transfer processes and the mediating role of knowledge transfer processes and knowledge types in the relationship between structural SC and innovation.
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Cybenko, George. "Weak Links, Strong Ties." IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine 4, no. 6 (November 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2006.170.
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Wilson, Tamar. "Weak Ties, Strong Ties: Network Principles in Mexican Migration." Human Organization 57, no. 4 (December 1998): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.4.pw61g8j535740428.
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Yang, Chi-Lan, Naomi Yamashita, Hideaki Kuzuoka, Hao-Chuan Wang, and Eureka Foong. "Distance Matters to Weak Ties." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, GROUP (January 14, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3492863.
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Workers tend to make inferences about one another's commitment and dedication to work depending on what cues are available to them, affecting worker relationships and collaboration outcomes. In this work, we investigate how remote work affects workers' perceptions of their colleagues with different levels of social connectivity, commonly referred to as strong ties and weak ties. When working remotely, workers' perceptions of weak ties may suffer due to the lack of in-person interaction. On the other hand, workers' inferences about their strong ties may also be impacted by losing richer communication cues, even though they had more connections with their strong ties than weak ties. This study explores how remote workers make inferences about engagement levels of and willingness to collaborate with weak ties compared to strong ties. We used a mixed-methods approach involving survey data, experience sampling, and in-depth interviews with 20 workers from different companies in Taiwan. Results showed that workers depended on one-on-one synchronous tools to infer the engagement level of strong ties but used group-based communication tools to infer the engagement level of weak ties. Interestingly, the absence of cues in remote workplaces exacerbated prior impressions formed in the physical office. Furthermore, remote work led workers to develop polarized perceptions of their respective ties. We discuss how characteristics of computer-mediated communication tools and interaction types interplay to affect workers' perceptions of remote colleagues and identify design opportunities for helping remote workers maintain awareness of weak ties.
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Hu, Hai-hua, Le Wang, Lining Jiang, and Wei Yang. "Strong ties versus weak ties in word-of-mouth marketing." BRQ Business Research Quarterly 22, no. 4 (October 2019): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2018.10.004.
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Giulietti, Corrado, Jackline Wahba, and Yves Zenou. "Strong versus weak ties in migration." European Economic Review 104 (May 2018): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.02.006.
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Henning, Cecilia, and Mats Lieberg. "Strong ties or weak ties? Neighbourhood networks in a new perspective." Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 13, no. 1 (January 1996): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815739608730394.
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Sundararajan, Louise. "Strong-Ties and Weak-Ties Rationalities: Toward an Expanded Network Theory." Review of General Psychology 24, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089268020916438.
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This article introduces the expanded network theory and demonstrates the heuristic value of its construct of strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities. This construct is derived from the network theory of Granovetter and corroborated with evolutionary biology and psychological studies on group processes. This construct has wide-ranging implications and applications for cultural and cross-cultural psychology. It informs our efforts toward cultural sensitivity in theory and research design and offers a new tool for cultural analysis. In particular, it can serve as a useful framework to investigate cultures in transition in the globalizing era. Insights into strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities may even contribute to shaping the future of the human society.
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Krämer, Nicole C., Vera Sauer, and Nicole Ellison. "The Strength of Weak Ties Revisited: Further Evidence of the Role of Strong Ties in the Provision of Online Social Support." Social Media + Society 7, no. 2 (April 2021): 205630512110249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211024958.
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In this work, we challenge the assumption that weak ties play uniquely important social support roles on social network sites, particularly regarding informational support. To overcome methodological limitations of earlier research, we present a mixed-methods study. Forty-one participants were interviewed and asked to identify five weak, medium, and strong ties each and to report on perceived and actually received social support (emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal) associated with each. Complicating traditional understandings of “the strength of weak ties,” the qualitative analyses of actual support events show that both emotional and informational support is provided by strong ties. In an additional quantitative between-subjects study design, 352 participants were asked about various aspects of a weak, medium, or strong tie. These results indicate that participants valued their strong ties more regarding every form of support. Although there were only weak correlations between perceived and recalled actually received support, people also report actual support events with strong ties to be more helpful—overall suggesting the strength of strong ties.
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Ng, D., J. Unterschultz, and E. Laate. "The performance of relational ties: A functional approach in the biotechnology industry." Journal on Chain and Network Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2006.x061.
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Understanding the performance of social networks has attracted the attention of contemporary management research. The performance of a firm's strength of social ties has been the subject of considerable debate. On the one hand, strong ties draw on redundant and close partner experiences to increase a firm's specialization. On the other hand, weak ties gain access to non-redundant ideas, resources and opportunities to increase a firm's flexibility to market opportunities. Strong and weak ties have, thus, been depicted as opposing influences to a firm's performance. This study, however, offers an alternative explanation to this strong and weak tie debate. In this study, a theoretical and empirical examination of strong and weak tie performance is conducted in the biotechnology industry. This study finds strong and weak ties exhibit distinct knowledge sharing and commercializing functions that positively impact a biotechnology firm's performance. By incorporating the distinctive functions of strong and weak ties, a firm's tie strength does not exert opposing influences to performance. In addition, due to their distinctive functions, strong and weak ties exhibit diminishing return effects. This suggests a firm can develop a network structure that maximizes its ability to develop its research knowledge and capitalize on commercializing opportunities. The contributions and implications of this study are also discussed.
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EVALD, MAJBRITT ROSTGAARD, KIM KLYVER, and SUSANNE GREN SVENDSEN. "THE CHANGING IMPORTANCE OF THE STRENGTH OF TIES THROUGHOUT THE ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 14, no. 01 (March 2006): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495806000027.
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In this paper we review selected papers on entrepreneurship dealing with Granovetter's concept of strong and weak ties in order to systematically organize the articles according to the researchers' estimate of what ties are most important. The aim is to find out what the existing research applying the entrepreneurship network approach says about the changing importance of strong and weak ties in different phases of the entrepreneurial process. Thus we investigate how different types of strong and weak ties change in importance according to, which phases of the entrepreneurial process the entrepreneurial act takes place within. Based on these findings, we develop a conceptual framework showing that strong ties, like family, friends and close business contacts, seem to play an important role in the emergence phase. Whereas in the phase of the newly established firm, a mix of strong and weak ties, including new and former business contacts as well as family and friends, seems to play an important role. Furthermore, in the phase of the mature firm a mix of strong and weak ties seem to play the most important role, although the composition of what constitutes this mix is different from the former phase. In the last phase, the mix of strong and weak ties includes special and close business contacts and one-shot deal business contacts. Accordingly, we have identified the changing importance of the strength of ties throughout the entrepreneurial process.
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Tian, Felicia F., and Nan Lin. "Weak ties, strong ties, and job mobility in urban China: 1978–2008." Social Networks 44 (January 2016): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2015.08.002.
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Kim, Yusoon, and Thomas Y. Choi. "Tie Strength and Value Creation in the Buyer-Supplier Context: A U-Shaped Relation Moderated by Dependence Asymmetry." Journal of Management 44, no. 3 (August 14, 2015): 1029–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315599214.
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This study integrates two disparate genres within tie-strength literature into one model to investigate the mechanisms for value creation in the buyer-supplier context. This research brings together the opposite ends of the tie-strength continuum: the “weak ties,” which are instrumental in tapping into novel ideas and emerging technologies, and the “strong ties,” which promote joint resource investments and capability development. By doing so, we bring salience to the existence of “intermediate ties” (i.e., the ties of moderate strength) and their implications for value creation. Even though the intermediate ties are likely most common in the buyer-supplier context, they have been given short shrift in the literature. We predict a U-shaped relation, where weak ties and strong ties are more effective than intermediate ties in value creation. Furthermore, we explore the moderating role of dependence asymmetry. Our hypotheses are tested using survey data from a major global automaker and its North American suppliers. The results demonstrate that both the weak and strong buyer-supplier ties lead to higher value creation, whereas intermediate ties do not increase value creation. Also, the study illustrates that, overall, asymmetric buyer-supplier ties show diminished value creation, and this moderating effect is particularly pronounced for intermediate ties.
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Zhang, Junjie, and Rongyao Chen. "The Research on the Relationship between Network, Resources Acquisition and Born Global Company’s Internationalization – Based on Case Studies from China." Asian Business Research 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v1i2.85.
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Based on social network theory and RBV theories, the paper adopts cross case studies research method to analyze how network relationship facilitates born global companies to acquire resources in their internationalization process through three Chinese born global company case studies. The research indicates that born global company’s network relationship built up in internationalization process can be classified into domestic strong ties, domestic weak ties, foreign strong ties and foreign weak ties in line with network ties’ strength and geographic dispersion. Those four types of network ties play very important as well as differentiated roles in Chinese born global companies’ internationalization process.
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Zhang, Yuting, Chutong Qiu, and Jiantong Zhang. "A Research Based on Online Medical Platform: The Influence of Strong and Weak Ties Information on Patients’ Consultation Behavior." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060977.
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As an indispensable part of contemporary medical services, Internet-based medical platforms can provide patients with a full range of multi-disciplinary and multi-modal treatment services. Along with the emergence of many healthcare influencers and the increasing connection between online and offline consultations, the operation of individual physicians and their teams on Internet-based medical platforms has started to attract a lot of attention. The purpose of this paper is to, based on an Internet platform, study how the information on physicians’ homepages influences patients’ consultation behavior, so as to provide suggestions for the construction of physicians’ personal websites. We distinguish variables into strong- and weak-ties types, dependent on whether deep social interactions between physicians and patients have happened. If there exist further social interactions, we define the variable as the “strong ties” type, otherwise, “weak ties”. The patients’ consultation behavior will be expressed as the volume of online consultation, i.e., the number of patients. We obtained the strong and weak ties information of each physician based on EWM (entropy weight method), so as to establish a regression model with explained variable, i.e., the number of patients, and three explanatory variables, i.e., the strong and weak ties information, and their interaction term. The estimation results verified our hypotheses and proved to be robust. It showed that both strong and weak ties information can positively influence patients’ consultation behavior, and the influence of weak ties information is greater. Regarding the positive influence of strong and weak ties, we found a trade off effect between them. Based on the results, we finalize with some suggestions on how to improve a physician’s online medical consultation volume.
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Foulger, Teresa S. "Strong and Weak Ties Among SIGTE Members." Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education 30, no. 3 (April 21, 2014): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2014.891869.
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Ashman, Darcy, L. David Brown, and Elizabeth Zwick. "The Strength of Strong and Weak Ties." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 9, no. 2 (1998): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nml.9203.
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Rajkumar, Karthik, Guillaume Saint-Jacques, Iavor Bojinov, Erik Brynjolfsson, and Sinan Aral. "A causal test of the strength of weak ties." Science 377, no. 6612 (September 16, 2022): 1304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4476.
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The authors analyzed data from multiple large-scale randomized experiments on LinkedIn’s People You May Know algorithm, which recommends new connections to LinkedIn members, to test the extent to which weak ties increased job mobility in the world’s largest professional social network. The experiments randomly varied the prevalence of weak ties in the networks of over 20 million people over a 5-year period, during which 2 billion new ties and 600,000 new jobs were created. The results provided experimental causal evidence supporting the strength of weak ties and suggested three revisions to the theory. First, the strength of weak ties was nonlinear. Statistical analysis found an inverted U-shaped relationship between tie strength and job transmission such that weaker ties increased job transmission but only to a point, after which there were diminishing marginal returns to tie weakness. Second, weak ties measured by interaction intensity and the number of mutual connections displayed varying effects. Moderately weak ties (measured by mutual connections) and the weakest ties (measured by interaction intensity) created the most job mobility. Third, the strength of weak ties varied by industry. Whereas weak ties increased job mobility in more digital industries, strong ties increased job mobility in less digital industries.
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KC, Birendra, Duarte B. Morais, M. Nils Peterson, Erin Seekamp, and Jordan W. Smith. "Social network analysis of wildlife tourism microentrepreneurial network." Tourism and Hospitality Research 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358417715679.
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Social networks are an important element of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs rely on social networks to access ideas, information, and resources to facilitate their entrepreneurial process. Strong and weak ties influence the entrepreneurial process in unique ways. This study utilized social network analysis approach to examine wildlife tourism microentrepreneurship through in-person structured interviews with 37 microentrepreneurs from North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound Region. Specifically, this study examined the extent of network ties, the type of support received from those network ties, and the process of creating and maintaining the business network ties. Weak ties were more prevalent than strong ties. Support was received in terms of marketing and advertising, information sharing, and product sponsorship. Weak ties were established through professional workshops and seminars or while working in the same territory, whereas reciprocity, togetherness, communication, and trust were identified as major factors to maintain weak ties. This study suggests that cognitive social capital factors (e.g. reciprocity, togetherness, and trust) can be highly important toward effective use of social networks, as well as to ensure entrepreneurial success.
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Wu, Guangdong, Huiwen Li, Chunlin Wu, and Zhibin Hu. "How different strengths of ties impact project performance in megaprojects: the mediating role of trust." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 13, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 889–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-09-2019-0220.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationships between the different strengths of ties (strong ties and weak ties), types of trust and project performance in megaprojects.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted with various experts and professionals involved in megaprojects, and 350 valid responses were received. Data was analyzed by means of structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that both strong ties and weak ties have positive impacts on trust in megaprojects, but weak ties have a more significant positive effect than do strong ties. Unexpectedly, the introduction of interorganizational trust significantly weakens the effect of the strength of ties on project performance. The indirect influence of the strength of ties on performance has different paths. Weak ties have an indirect effect via calculative trust and relational trust. However, in a strong ties network, inferior stakeholders lack the information necessary to complete a megaproject, and they believe that calculative trust will not promote project performance until the megaproject is successfully delivered. Thus, the effect of calculative trust on project performance is not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings provide evidence in regard to strength of ties governance being a part of the effective strategy in improving megaprojects’ performance. It also demonstrates the mediating function of trust and advances the current understandings of the underlying mechanism of the strength of ties on project performance, thus providing implications for researchers and practitioners. However, this study has some limitations. For example, the strength of ties and trust between organizations are a dynamic process in megaprojects. This study does not conduct in-depth analysis of the evolution mechanism and investigate the different levels of trust at different stages of the megaproject. Future research can be guided by these directions.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is fourfold. First, this study enriches the literature on strength of ties by accentuating the roles of trust in megaproject context. Second, this study contributes to the theoretical development of a conceptual model for explaining the interrelationships among strength of ties, types of trust and project performance. Third, this study responds to the call “which dimension (i.e. strong ties or weak ties) is more influential” by exploring the direct and indirect effects of strength of ties on project performance. Finally, this study breaks through the limitation of traditional cognition that megaproject management can be met by relying on rigid contracts. In other words, trust can supplement the weakness of rigid contract by forming contract flexibility with different strength of ties. Meanwhile, the specific strategies to establish and maintain trust are given, such as building information model (BIM) collaboration platform and reputation management mechanism.
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Somma, Nicolás M. "How Strong are Strong Ties? The Conditional Effectiveness of Strong Ties in Protest Recruitment Attempts." Sociological Perspectives 52, no. 3 (September 2009): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2009.52.3.289.
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Why do some individuals accept invitations to participate in protest events while others do not? Using the Citizen Participation Study, the author finds that targets invited by recruiters to whom they are strongly tied are more likely to protest than those invited by weak or absent ties. Such effect, however, is hypothesized to vary across the socioeconomic structure. Although strong ties motivate targets to accept the invitation, only those with sufficient resources could translate motivation into action. Consistent with this hypothesis, while strong ties roughly duplicate the chances of accepting a protest invitation when received by high socioeconomic status (SES) targets, the effectiveness of invitations disappears among low SES targets. This suggests that research about the effects of social networks on protest participation should consider how these networks are embedded in larger socioeconomic structures.
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Wei, Jiuchang, Bing Bu, Xiumei Guo, and Margaret Gollagher. "The process of crisis information dissemination: impacts of the strength of ties in social networks." Kybernetes 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2013-0043.
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Purpose – The strength of ties between individuals influences the speed and spread of crisis information dissemination (CID). By constructing networks of strong and weak ties, this paper aims to innovatively explore the impacts of strong and weak ties on the CID at the macro level. Design/methodology/approach – To better understand the rules of CID in different kinds of social networks, this paper constructs a CID model based on the strength of ties in social networks and cellular automation, using simulations of CID speed and spread in an entire network, strong tie network and weak tie network generated by MATLAB. Findings – As the article's major theoretical contribution, the results demonstrate that CID is more efficient in a network of weak ties than in a network of strong ties, and that the spread of CID has a positive correlation with the believability of the information disseminated and the dissemination tendency coefficient. Furthermore, the difference of dissemination speeds between strong and weak tie networks varies regularly with information believability and the dissemination tendency coefficient. Originality/value – This study provides more effective public mechanisms for rapidly evaluating the believability of crisis information and responding to crises in real time. The findings also have some valuable implications for government agencies to improve the efficiency and effect of CID.
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Ruef, M. "Strong ties, weak ties and islands: structural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation." Industrial and Corporate Change 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 427–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/11.3.427.
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Pfeffer, Max J., and Pilar A. Parra. "Strong Ties, Weak Ties, and Human Capital: Latino Immigrant Employment Outside the Enclave*." Rural Sociology 74, no. 2 (October 22, 2009): 241–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2009.tb00391.x.
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SEQUEIRA, JENNIFER M., and ABDUL A. RASHEED. "START-UP AND GROWTH OF IMMIGRANT SMALL BUSINESSES: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND HUMAN CAPITAL." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 11, no. 04 (December 2006): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946706000490.
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Networks, and their resulting social capital, can be key determinants of successful business start-up for immigrant entrepreneurs. Historically, immigrants have settled in communities characterized by networks that consist of strong ties. Network theory suggests that in addition to strong ties, success also requires the development of weak ties. In this paper, we develop a model of the relationships between strong and weak ties, and the likelihood of a business start-up and its subsequent growth. We also specifically consider the moderating effect of the entrepreneur's human capital in these relationships. Based on this model, we derive a number of theoretical propositions.
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Felder, Maxime. "Strong, Weak and Invisible Ties: A Relational Perspective on Urban Coexistence." Sociology 54, no. 4 (January 17, 2020): 675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519895938.
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The dichotomy between ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ ties is a common theme in sociological scholarship dealing with urban space, yet urban ethnographers have long been describing the prevalence of impersonal relations. Such relations can be described as fleeting encounters between complete strangers, while others – as in the case of ‘nodding’ relationships – are durable and have yet to be conceptualised. The notion of ‘invisible ties’ is proposed as a conceptual handle for studying typical urban relations that complement the established notions of strong and weak ties. Through an empirical study of four residential buildings in Geneva (Switzerland), these ‘invisible ties’ are revealed by means of a systemic approach to social urban life, from which two key actors emerge: ‘socialisers’ and ‘figures’. This research addresses gaps in the literature on interpersonal relations in urban contexts by focusing on the interplay between different types of social ties, encompassing the whole continuum from anonymity to intimacy.
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Wu, Guangdong, Junwei Zheng, Xianbo Zhao, and Jian Zuo. "How does strength of ties influence project performance in Chinese megaprojects?" International Journal of Conflict Management 31, no. 5 (March 27, 2020): 753–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-09-2019-0150.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate how the strength of ties (i.e. strong ties and weak ties) in megaproject networks influences project performance in terms of types of conflicts. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was undertaken with professionals in Chinese megaprojects and 445 valid responses were received. A conflict-based theoretical model was developed and tested with structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicated that task conflict had a constructive effect on project performance, whereas relationship conflict and process conflict had destructive effects. Both strong and weak ties positively affected project performance, and that weak ties exerted greater effects on performance. The introduction of conflicts significantly weakened the effect of strong ties on project performance. Strong ties indirectly affected project performance via task conflict and relationship conflict, whereas weak ties affected performance only through task conflict. Task conflict had a constructive effect on project performance, whereas relationship conflict and process conflict had destructive impact. Research limitations/implications This study identified the positive effect of strength of ties on project performance as well as the constructive and destructive roles of conflicts. Furthermore, the findings provided evidence that strength of ties and conflicts were critical factors for project performance. While, there are still limitations. There are other attributes of megaproject networks, such as network nodes’ characteristics and network structure, which may influence conflicts and project performance. Future research would be conducted to explore the role of these variables. Meanwhile, because different types of conflicts may mutually transform under certain conditions, future research would also address this issue in megaprojects. Practical implications As for the management strategies, project stakeholders should know the existence of project networks, exactly assess their resource endowment, especially their external and internal relationship network. In accordance with changes of the project network, stakeholders should share knowledge and learn techniques about how to respond to relationship disturbances, thus reducing relationship conflict and process conflict. Furthermore, stakeholders should place an emphasis on fostering and reinforcing communication and trust, thus effectively resolving task conflict, ambiguity and uncertainty engendered from network ties in a megaproject network. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is threefold. First, this study will enrich the literature on strength of ties by accentuating the roles of conflicts in megaproject context. Second, this study contributes to the theoretical development of a conceptual model for explaining the interrelationships among strength of ties, conflicts and project performance. Third, this study will respond to the call “which dimension, i.e. strong ties or weak ties, is more influential” by exploring the direct and indirect effects of strength of ties on project performance.
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Zeng Skovhøj, Fiona Huijie. "Managing everyday communication with strong, weak, and latent ties via WeChat: Availability, visibility, and reciprocal engagement." Mobile Media & Communication 9, no. 3 (January 13, 2021): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050157920982322.
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This article examines how people utilize WeChat, the most popular multi-purpose mobile app in China, to manage their everyday communication with different social ties. Since Granovetter popularized the idea of social ties by noting the strength of weak ties, a long list of studies has extended social ties theory by following the quantification tradition, for instance, quantitatively examining the different functionalities of strong and weak ties. However, many aspects of social ties cannot be easily quantified. In this vein, this study, being a qualitative network analysis, offers a communicative conception and categorization of social ties. It is based on data from 39 distinctive Chinese respondents, collected through an interview-diary-interview method. WeChat, being more than a social media app, affords new technologies (e.g., mobile payment and virtual red packets), enabling users to manage and maintain their social networks in new and alternative ways. The empirical findings suggest that Chinese respondents differentiate between strong, weak, and latent ties, and they articulate three communication strategies: managing availability, managing visibility, and managing reciprocal engagement. Based on the empirical evidence, this article discusses further implications with reference to the concepts of imagined audiences and commercialization of social relations. Moreover, this study contributes to social ties theory by providing empirical insights into its cultural specifications in the context of China, such as the emphasis on the principle of reciprocity in guanxi culture.
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Hipp, John R., and Andrew J. Perrin. "The Simultaneous Effect of Social Distance and Physical Distance on the Formation of Neighborhood Ties." City & Community 8, no. 1 (March 2009): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01267.x.
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Prior studies have separately suggested the importance of physical distance or social distance effects for the creation of neighborhood ties. This project adopts a case study approach and simultaneously tests for propinquity and homophily effects on neighborhood ties by employing a full–network sample from a recently developed New Urbanist neighborhood within a mid–sized southern city. the authors find that physical distance reduces the likelihood of weak or strong ties forming, suggesting the importance of accounting for propinquity when estimating social tie formation. the authors simultaneously find that social distance along wealth reduces the likelihood of weak ties forming. Social distance on life course markers—age, marital status, and the presence of children—reduces the formation of weak ties. Consistent with the systemic model, each additional month of shared residence in the neighborhood increases both weak and strong ties. An important innovation is this study's ability to directly compare the effects of physical distance and social distance, placing them into equivalent units: a 10 percent increase in home value difference is equivalent to a 5.6 percent increase in physical distance.
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Hu, Zhibin, Guangdong Wu, Xianbo Zhao, Jian Zuo, and Shicong Wen. "How does the strength of ties influence relationship quality in Chinese megaprojects? The mediating role of contractual flexibility." Baltic Journal of Management 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 366–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2020-0347.
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PurposeThis study aims to explore the influence of the strength of ties (strong ties and weak ties) on contractual flexibility (term flexibility and process flexibility) and relationship quality among stakeholders in a megaproject network.Design/methodology/approachThis study, via a questionnaire survey, collected 380 valid responses from megaproject professionals (including project managers, department managers and project engineers). The data were analyzed using least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that both strong ties and weak ties have positive effects on relationship quality. The introduction of contractual flexibility can help improve relationship quality by combining the positive effects of the strength of ties. Interestingly, the indirect influence of strong ties on relationship quality is mainly due to term flexibility. However, the influence of process flexibility is not significant, while weak ties have an indirect influence through term flexibility and process flexibility.Research limitations/implicationsThis study, while helpful to megaproject management both in theory and practice, is nevertheless subject to several limitations. First, this study only considers the impact of the strength of ties on contractual flexibility and relationship quality; other factors, such as environmental uncertainty, are not explored. Second, the sample data are limited to just a few regions of China. Future research should cover other influencing factors, in order to make the model more substantial; data should also be collected from different cultural and industrial sources, thereby extending and further verifying the results.Originality/valueThis study makes three contributions to extant megaproject literature. First, this study provides a deep and nuanced understanding of the strength of ties. With the distinction between strong ties and weak ties clearly explained, this research furnishes a subtler understanding of relationship governance than has previously been achieved. Second, by precisely identifying the mechanism of how contract flexibility improves contract control and coordination functions, this research offers a complementary view of how contractual flexibility positively contributes to cooperation and relationship quality. Third, this study identifies which dimension of the strength of ties is more influential. This brings a new explanation for the previous controversy and offers some insight into the determinants of how to improve relationship quality in Chinese megaprojects.
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Yuan, Peiyan, Wei Wang, and Mingyang Song. "Ties in Overlapping Community Structures: Strong or Weak?" IEEE Access 5 (2017): 10012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2710360.
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Calvó-Armengol, Antoni, Thierry Verdier, and Yves Zenou. "Strong and weak ties in employment and crime." Journal of Public Economics 91, no. 1-2 (February 2007): 203–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.05.011.
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Bidoki, Neda H., Alexander V. Mantzaris, and Gita Sukthankar. "Exploiting Weak Ties in Incomplete Network Datasets Using Simplified Graph Convolutional Neural Networks." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 2, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make2020008.
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This paper explores the value of weak-ties in classifying academic literature with the use of graph convolutional neural networks. Our experiments look at the results of treating weak-ties as if they were strong-ties to determine if that assumption improves performance. This is done by applying the methodological framework of the Simplified Graph Convolutional Neural Network (SGC) to two academic publication datasets: Cora and Citeseer. The performance of SGC is compared to the original Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) framework. We also examine how node removal affects prediction accuracy by selecting nodes according to different centrality measures. These experiments provide insight for which nodes are most important for the performance of SGC. When removal is based on a more localized selection of nodes, augmenting the network with both strong-ties and weak-ties provides a benefit, indicating that SGC successfully leverages local information of network nodes.
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Wang, Chun-Chieh, Hui-Yun Sung, Dar-Zen Chen, and Mu-Hsuan Huang. "Strong ties and weak ties of the knowledge spillover network in the semiconductor industry." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 118 (May 2017): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.011.
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Abdullah, Aznur Hajar, Tse Kian Neo, and Jing Hong Low. "Weak and strong ties and its connection to experts' problem-solving styles in scaffolding students' PBL activities on social media." F1000Research 10 (December 16, 2021): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73210.2.
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Background: Studies have acknowledged that social media enables students to connect with and learn from experts from different ties available in the students’ personal learning environment (PLE). Incorporating experts into formal learning activities such as scaffolding problem-solving tasks through social media, allows students to understand how experts solve real-world problems. However, studies that evaluate experts’ problem-solving styles on social media in relation to the tie strength of the experts with the students are scarce in the extant literature. This study aimed to explore the problem-solving styles that the experts portrayed based on their ties with the students in problem-based learning (PBL) on Facebook. Methods: This study employed a simultaneous within-subject experimental design which was conducted in three closed Facebook groups with 12 final year management students, six business experts, and one instructor as the participants. The experts were invited by the students from the weak and strong ties in their PLE. Hinging on the Strength of Weak Ties Theory (Granovetter, 1973) and problem-solving styles (Selby et al., 2004), this study employed thematic analysis using the ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software to map the experts’ comments on Facebook. Results: The experts from strong and weak ties who had a prior relationship with the students showed people preference style by being more sensitive to the students' learning needs and demonstrating firmer scaffolding compared to the weak ties' experts who had no prior relationship with the students. Regardless of the types of ties, all experts applied all manner of processing information and orientation to change but the degree of its applications are correlated with the working experience of the experts. Conclusion: The use of weak or strong ties benefited the students as it expedited their problem-solving tasks since the experts have unique expertise to offer depending on the problem-solving styles that they exhibited.
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Géraudel, Mickaël, Katherine Gundolf**, Beate Cesinger, and Christina Constantinidis. "Access to Medical Technologies: Do Gender and Social Capital matter?" Management international 23, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1060028ar.
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We explore the relationship between the characteristics of social capital, the speed of access to medical technologies and the role of gender in a private practice context. Our findings from a sample of 98 German private practitioners show that: (a) being a woman has an overall negative impact on the speed of access to medical technologies; (b) private practitioners with strong social network ties obtain quicker access to medical technologies than do those with weak ties; (c) men relying on their weak ties perform better than women who do so. In contrast, we observe that women relying on strong ties outperform their male counterparts in terms of speed of access to medical technologies.
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Tilston, Ottilie, and Gillian Sandstrom. "Is the power of weak ties universal? A cross-cultural comparison of social interaction in Argentina and Canada." Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, no. 68 (January 1, 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2018.2892.
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Although we interact with a wide range of people on a daily basis, the social psychological literature has primarily focused on interactions with close friends and family (i.e. strong ties). Recent research carried out on Canadian students suggests emotional benefits to interacting with acquaintances (i.e. weak social ties). The present study investigates whether this 'weak tie effect' holds in non-Western cultures, using a Latin American sample to broaden our understanding of collectivism. Participants reported daily how many strong and weak ties they greeted in person, as well as a daily subjective wellbeing questionnaire. Preliminary analyses suggest weak tie interaction is related to a sense of community, and indicate distinct patterns of social interaction among Latinos.
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Lee, Jeffrey K., and Ann Kronrod. "The Strength of Weak-Tie Consensus Language." Journal of Marketing Research 57, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720904957.
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Every day, consumers share word of mouth (WOM) on how products and behaviors are commonly adopted through the use of consensus language. Consensus language refers to words and expressions that suggest general agreement among a group of people regarding an opinion, product, or behavior (e.g., “everyone likes this movie”). In a series of online and field experiments, the authors demonstrate that the interpretation and persuasiveness of consensus language depends on the tie strength between the communicator and the receiver of WOM. Although abundant literature highlights the advantage of strong ties (e.g., close friends, family) in influence and persuasion, the authors find that weak ties (e.g., distant friends, acquaintances) are more influential than strong ties when using consensus language. The authors theorize and demonstrate that this effect occurs because weak ties evoke perceptions of a larger and more diverse group in consensus, which signals greater validity for the issue at hand. These findings contribute to research on WOM, tie strength, and descriptive norms and provide practical implications for marketers on ways to analyze and encourage consumer discourse.
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Yakubovich, Valery. "Weak Ties, Information, and Influence: How Workers Find Jobs in a Local Russian Labor Market." American Sociological Review 70, no. 3 (June 2005): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240507000303.
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In 1973 Granovetter formulated the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis (SWT), which became the foundation of a vast sociological literature on social networks in labor markets. Until now, SWT has never been directly tested but treated instead as a surrogate for the relationship between an actor's network and labor market outcomes such as characteristics of a job obtained. The paper restates SWT as a proposition about the probability of getting a job as a function of within-actor differences in tie strength and tests it with data on hires carried out in one Russian city in 1998. In support of SWT, the results show that a worker is more likely to get a job through one of her weak ties rather than strong ties. The advantages of weak ties lie in their abilities to provide timely access to non-redundant information and to influence employers directly. In contrast, strong ties are associated with indirect influence on employers through well-connected intermediaries. The estimates come from a within-worker fixed-effect conditional logistic regression and thereby provide rare evidence of an association between information and influence transferred through social ties and labor market outcomes, independent of workers' individual characteristics.
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Abdullah, Aznur Hajar, Tse Kian Neo, and Jing Hong Low. "Weak and strong ties and its connection to experts' problem-solving styles in scaffolding students' PBL activities on social media." F1000Research 10 (October 25, 2021): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73210.1.
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Background: Studies have acknowledged that social media enables students to connect with and learn from experts from different ties available in the students’ personal learning environment (PLE). The inclusion of experts in formal learning activities through social media such as in scaffolding problem-solving activities helps students see the practicality of experts’ thinking in solving real-world problems. However, studies that evaluate experts’ problem-solving styles and how these influence the experts' thinking process in delivering the know-how to students on social media based on the ties that the students have with the experts in social media are scarce in the extant literature. The study aimed to explore the problem-solving styles that the experts portrayed on Facebook based on their ties with the students. Methods: This study employed a simultaneous within-subject experimental design which was conducted in three closed Facebook groups with 12 final year management students, six business experts, and one instructor as the participants. The experts were invited by the students from the weak and strong ties in their PLE. Hinging on the Theory of Fluid and Crystallised intelligence and the Strength of Weak Ties Theory, this study employed thematic analysis using the ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software to map the experts’ comments on Facebook. Results: The use of strong ties in combination with weak ties balances out the negative aspects of the business experts’ problem-solving styles. All the experts used both fluid and crystallised intelligence in scaffolding the students’ learning; however, the degree of its usage correlated with the working experience of the experts. Conclusion: The use of weak or strong ties benefited the students as it expedited their problem-solving tasks since the experts have unique expertise to offer depending on the degree of their working experiences and the proximity of the students’ relationship with the experts.
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Lee, Dong-Mei, Yu-Xia Fu, Lee-Yuan Wang, and Tao Nie. "Network Ties, Social Capital, and Knowledge Management." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 5 (October 17, 2021): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.5.1090.
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As an invisible informal structure embedded within an organization, social network is closely related to the knowledge management activities and knowledge management strategies of the organization. The social network has the potential to obtain the right information or knowledge at the right time through the weak ties of the organization, to realize effective knowledge sharing in the organization with strong ties, and to commercialize knowledge using social capital to achieve economic success. By dividing the knowledge management process into three stages, including knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, and knowledge commercialization, the paper examines the role of weak ties, strong ties and social capital in knowledge management, and puts forward three hypotheses. Finally, the paper puts forward management suggestions for the construction of social networks in enterprisesю
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Zeng, Hui, Jiming Cao, and Qun Fu. "Unpacking the “Black Box”: Understanding the Effect of Strength of Ties on Inter-Team Conflict and Project Success in Megaprojects." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111906.
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Megaprojects have been redefined as dynamic collaboration networks, which are characterized by the strength of the ties between teams. In China, megaprojects have long been criticized for low productivity, poor project implementation processes, and inter-team confrontation. Few studies in the construction domain have explored the relationship between the strength of ties, inter-team conflict, and project success. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the strength of ties, inter-team conflict, and project success in megaprojects. Strong ties and weak ties reflect the strength of ties. Inter-team conflict is measured by task-related conflict and relationship-related conflict. A questionnaire survey was conducted on Chinese megaprojects, and 306 questionnaires were collected. The data were analyzed by a structural equation model. The results indicate that strong ties positively impact task-related conflict while negatively impacting relationship-related conflict. Weak ties positively impact inter-team conflict. Task-related conflict and relationship-related conflict have positive and negative effects on project success, respectively. The effect of the strength of the ties on a project’s success is mediated by conflict. This study adds to existing research on the strength of ties and emphasizes the significance of megaproject network governance. The results reveal the constructive effects of the strength of ties and task-related conflict, as well as the non-constructive effects of relationship-related conflict. This provides a reference for megaproject managers to implement project governance.
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Maness, Michael. "A Theory of Strong Ties, Weak Ties, and Activity Behavior: Leisure Activity Variety and Frequency." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2665, no. 1 (January 2017): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2665-04.
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A social network and personal social capital perspective has recently been applied in studies of travel and activity behavior. In this paper, a theory of activity behavior was developed inductively from sociological principles about social capital and the creation of social networks. This theory focused on the quantity of strong social ties and the diversity of weak social ties to describe differences in leisure activity variety and frequency. The theory was applied to a case study on participation in leisure activity in the United States with data from the Personal Networks and Community Survey. The size of the respondents’ core networks and the diversity of their contacts were found to be correlated positively with the variety and frequency of their activities. In addition, endogeneity because of correlations between network diversity and social personalities was accounted for with a two-step estimation procedure. The results showed that inclusion of a count of strong ties and the diversity of weak ties significantly increased the model fit and supported the theory’s hypothesis. The results also showed the biases that could be exhibited in analyses that ignored the effects of social networks. The inclusion of social networks helped to account for additional heterogeneity in socioeconomic groups (race, income, marital status, and education) in this case study.