Academic literature on the topic 'STRONG TIES VS'
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Journal articles on the topic "STRONG TIES VS"
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Moskotina, Ruslana. "Protest engagement: weak vs strong social ties." Ukrainian society 2019, no. 3 (2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2019.03.023.
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This article dwells upon the importance of finding methods and ways of studying protest behaviour that can explain its emergence. Protest behaviour is considered as the result of protest engagement. It is assumed that there are social ties between individuals, potential protesters. M. Granovetter proposes to distinguish strong ties and weak ties. Strong ties tend to form closed and cohesive groups but weak ties can be the bridges that match groups and/or individuals. The author of this article conducts a research with applying a method of agent-based modelling. Its aim is to test the Granovetter’s thesis about the strength of weak ties towards protest behaviour. In this research the linear threshold model is used. Our research with applying method of the agent-based modelling includes the computer experiments (simulations) with the social networks. There are generated five networks, three of which contain only strong ties and the rest of the networks contain only weak ties. Simulations with the networks allow us to determine the number of inactive agents that are involved in the protest, the speed of the protest engagement and the effectiveness of overcoming the resistance of inactive agents. It is found that both weak ties and strong ties can determine protest behaviour. Strong ties contribute to a quicker protest engagement. Weak ties can better overcome the resistance of inactive agents. At the same time weak ties slow down the process of the protest engagement and strong ties are generally less effective in overcoming the resistance of inactive agents. Agent-based modelling helps us to conduct the fundamental research. On the one hand we test Granovetter’s thesis about the strength of weak ties towards protest behaviour. On the other hand we cannot draw conclusions about protest behaviour in Ukraine. But we can conduct an empirical sociological study in order to test the results of our research and understand its relevance towards protest behaviour in Ukraine.
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Obukhova, Elena. "Motivation vs. relevance: Using strong ties to find a job in Urban China." Social Science Research 41, no. 3 (May 2012): 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.12.010.
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Palazon, Mariola, María Sicilia, and Manuela Lopez. "The influence of “Facebook friends” on the intention to join brand pages." Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, no. 6 (September 21, 2015): 580–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-08-2014-0696.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role of Facebook friends on the intention to join brand pages in this social network site (SNS). SNSs have grown in both popularity and use. They allow individuals to articulate their social networks by developing a list of other members on the site with whom they share a connection. These platforms also allow companies to create profiles to promote their brands. However, many firms have jumped into SNSs by creating a “brand page” without fully understanding how to spread it successfully. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were developed. In the first one, the authors manipulated how the individual comes to know about brand pages. Participants discovered a brand page through a friend with whom they have either a strong tie or a weak tie. In the second experiment (2 × 2), the authors manipulated tie strength (strong vs weak) and the type of recommendation (active vs passive). Findings – Results of the first study show that as the individual has more experience in Facebook (measured in this paper through satisfaction, past behavior of following brands and Facebook intensity), the effect of tie strength on the intention to join a brand page dilutes. The second study confirms Study 1 and shows that strong ties exert more influence than weak ties when the brand page is actively recommended by Facebook friends. Practical implications – This paper shows that the influence of strong ties is particularly important for individuals with low levels of experience in Facebook. As experience in SNSs is expected to continue growing, managers should not forget the role of weak ties as a source of information for their networked friends. Strong ties only remain more influential than weak ties when the information about the brand page is received through an invitation. Originality/value – This paper explores the interpersonal influences in Facebook, asserting that the influence of tie strength depends on the level of experience in the SNS, and on the way, information about the brand page is received.
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Dinh, Duc Tien. "Champa cultural imprints in northern Vietnam through historical and archaeological resources." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 6, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2022.63-111086.
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Champa is remembered today through a system of temple architecture and sculpture art as a brilliant civilization that once existed in Central Vietnam. Champa had always maintained political and economic ties with the Đại Việt dynasties throughout its history. The article focuses on Champa cultural imprints found in northern Vietnam, specifically sculptures from the L and Trần dynasties (1009-1400). The newly discovered artifacts in Northern Vietnam were compared to Champa sculptures of the same period (11th-14th centuries), demonstrating strong Champa cultural influences in North Vietnam. The article also uses written sources and records on the migration and settlement of the Champa people in North Vietnam to demonstrate the cultural imprints that have remained to this day.
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Wang, Qi, Yan Sun, Ji Zhu, and Xiaohang Zhang. "The impact of uncertain rewards on customers’ recommendation intention in social networks." Internet Research 28, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 1029–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-03-2017-0116.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to research the effect of uncertain rewards on the recommendation intention in referral reward programs (RRPs) and investigate the interaction of tie strength and reward type on the recommendation intention. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a quantitative exploratory approach through the use of experiments. Study 1 adopted a 2×2 between-participants design ((reward type: certain reward vs uncertain reward)×(tie strength: strong tie vs weak tie)). Respectively, by manipulating uncertain probabilities and expected value, Studies 2 and 3 further explore the effect of uncertain rewards and tie strength on customers’ referral intention. Findings This paper finds the following: compared to certain rewards, customers’ referral intention under uncertain rewards is higher and positive experience has a mediating effect between reward type and recommendation intention; when only the recommender is rewarded, the tie strength between the recommender and the receiver moderates the effect of reward type on the recommendation intention; for strong ties, customers’ recommendation intention is higher in uncertain reward condition, but for weak ties, customers’ willingness to recommend is almost the same in both reward types; when both the recommender and the receiver are rewarded, although certain rewards have a higher expected value than uncertain and random rewards, for strong ties, the participants have a higher referral intention under random rewards than that under uncertain rewards, which have a higher referral willingness than that under certain rewards. Additionally, for weak ties, the reverse is true. Originality/value The research has both theoretical implications for research on uncertain rewards and tie strength and practical implications for marketing managers designing and implementing RRPs.
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Tatari, Eren. "Dialogue vs. Conflict." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i2.1636.
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The “Second International Conference on Islam,” held at the University ofWisconsin-Madison on 24-25 April 2006, focused on the broad theme ofIslam and globalization through the lens of dialogue and conflict. Therewere four keynote speakers and more then thirty presentations on a widerange of topics related to Islam and the experiences of Muslims throughouthistory as well as in the contemporary world. The conference was markedby its multidisciplinary diversity and strong emphasis on constructive intellectualexchange among scholars.The four keynote speakers, Jocelyne Cesari (Harvard University),Thomas Michel, S.J. (Georgetown University), Scott Alexander (CatholicTheological Union), and Kemal Karpat (University of Wisconsin-Madison),touched upon various aspects of Islam at the age of globalization. Cesari’stalk, entitled “Global Islam between Fundamentalism and Cosmopolitanism,”presented a typology of three forms of Islamic identity that are emergingin the global age, namely, diasporic, pan-Islamic, and cosmopolitan. Inher words, diasporic refers to the localized relationships of Muslims whochoose to maintain strong ties with their country or city of origin, pan-Islamic emphasizes the effectiveness of the ummah concept in today’s world,and cosmopolitan refers to a worldview that is reflexive, in a sense definedby the status of being “other.”In his speech, “Confrontation and Dialogue: A History of Catholic-Muslim Relations,” Alexander outlined the history of this relationship sincethe advent of Islam, pointing to elements of dialogue and confrontation.Kemal Karpat discussed a most current topic in his speech, “Turkey and theEU: The End of a Millennium of Confrontation?” and analyzed the positiveconsequences of Turkey’s membership in the European Union (EU).The first panel, “Global Islam and the West,” accommodated papersexemplifying the responses and contributions of Muslims to globalization ...
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Pieczewski, Andrzej, and Aliaksandra Sidarava. "Belarusian vs. Polish transformation. Two paths of institutional change." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 22, no. 1 (2022): 168–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2022.1.8.
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The aim of the article is to compare the results of Belarus and Poland’s post-Communist transformation and to indicate the reasons for the two different paths followed. We hypothesize that both the historically shaped differences in mental models and strong ties with international protectors of these countries were the main elements that determined the paths of the transformations. We also try to highlight the main differences in the mentality and the contemporary institutional matrix of the two countries. We modify the matrix by adding a new element – an external protector – which is critical, especially regarding these two countries. We use the tools and methods of new institutional economics in our analyses.
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Andris, Clio, and Dipto Sarkar. "Methods for the Geographic Representation of Interpersonal Relationships and Social Life." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-11-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Interpersonal relationships are an important part of social and personal health. Studies of social capital show that individuals and communities with stronger ties are have an economic and health advantage. Yet, loneliness and isolation are becoming major public health issues. There is a pressing need to measure where relationships are strong and how accessible one’s social ties are, in order to learn how to better support face-to-face meetings and promote social health in society. However, the datasets we use to study people and human behaviour are most often mobility data and census data &ndash; which tell us little about personal relationships. These data can be augmented with information about where people have ties, and how their relationships unfold over geographic space. The data we use to study the built environment include building footprints and infrastructure, and we can annotate these data by how (well) infrastructure supports different kinds of relationships, in order to ask new questions about how the landscape encourages relationships.</p><p> We suggest a list of methods for representing interpersonal relationships and social life at various socio-spatial levels of aggregation. We give an example of each, with an effort to span various use cases and spatial scales of data modelling.</p><p> <strong>Dyads (line) and Ego-based (star):</strong> This geometric model represents a relationship between two individuals (Figure 1A). The individuals can be geolocated to households, administrative units, real-time locations, etc. The tie can be given a nominal category such as family or co-worker, and edge weights that signify reported relationship strength, frequency of contact, frequency of face-to-face meeting, et cetera. Star models represent a central individual and his/her geolocated ties (that radiate from the centre). The star illustrates the theoretical concept of personal extensibility.</p><p> <strong>Points of Interest (points):</strong> Points of interest provide a place-based perspective (note that these entities can also be represented as polygons such as building footprints, or lines such as gradients of interaction on a subway). Certain places are better suited for fostering relationships than others (Figure 1B), and each can be annotated with their ability to foster: new ties (a nightclub), gender-bonding ties (bowling leagues), romantic ties (romantic restaurants), inter-generational ties (a religious facility), professional ties (conferences), et cetera.</p><p> <strong>Polygons/Administrative Units (polygons):</strong> These data are attached to administrative areal units (Census boundaries, provinces, zones, etc.). The data represent surveyed data on relationship-related variables in censuses, social surveys and social capital surveys. These surveys ask about trust, friendliness with neighbours, social life, belongingness to institutions, and more (Figure 1C), illustrating the social health of an area.</p><p> <strong>Aggregate Flows and Social Networks (lies and networks):</strong> This model illustrates the geolocated, social ties within a spatial extent, i.e. the social networks of a group of many people over a large extent (Figure 1D). Data can be sourced from social media, telecommunications patterns, and other declarations of relationships.</p><p> <strong>Regions (polygons):</strong> Regions, that may describe neighbourhoods within one city, or an agglomeration of cities, can be defined by social ties. Instead of commuting or economic ties, regions are defined by a preponderance of social ties within a given polygon, and a lack of ties between polygons (or between the polygon and any external area). Social regions represent a likeness and strong ties between the people that live within the region (Figure 1E).</p><p> Given these methods for representing social life and interpersonal relationships as GIS data, new questions may arise. At the <strong>dyadic level</strong>: how can we map the presence of a relationship between two people? At the <strong>ego-based level</strong>: how far and with what kind of diversity do people have ties? At the <strong>point of interest level</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can describe places’ ability to create new relationships and foster existing relationships? At the <strong>polygonal level</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can show where relationships are strong or weak? At the <strong>levels of flows and networks</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can describe systems of diffusion? At the <strong>regional level</strong>: what physical and administrative boundaries guide social ties?</p><p> For cartographers and geographic modellers looking to study social life, data acquisition, analysis, and mapping are challenges. The point of this extended abstract is to inventory the possibilities of mapping these data, open a dialog for experimenting with what kinds of symbologies, associated variables, classification schemes, visualization techniques and data collection opportunities are available for this purpose. We also hope to create spaces for comparative studies that describe the implications of these choices. In our search, we find that the major research challenges are the following: 1) privacy 2) geolocatable data 3) qualitative vs. quantitative data and 4) assurance statistically-significant samples sizes 5) analysis and modelling 6) visualization. Nevertheless, our goal is to make these indicators and data more GIS-friendly and available to geospatial analysts, modellers and cartographers.</p>
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DESTA, ISAAC, ABEL TEDLA, and DAWIT ZEROM. "ENTREPRENEURIAL NETWORKS AND GROWTH IN FEMALE-OWNED BUSINESSES: EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN ERITREA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 20, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946715500223.
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This study examines the role of entrepreneurial network strength (strong vs. weak ties) on growth of female-owned businesses. Primary data were collected from 356 small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) located in four of the six administrative regions of Eritrea. Our main finding indicates that weak entrepreneurial networks composed of cooperatives and business firms have the strongest positive relationship with growth.
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Utz, Sonja. "Is LinkedIn making you more successful? The informational benefits derived from public social media." New Media & Society 18, no. 11 (July 10, 2016): 2685–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444815604143.
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This article uses a social capital framework to examine whether and how the use of three types of publicly accessible social media (LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook) is related to professional informational benefits among a representative sample of Dutch online users. Professional informational benefits were conceptualized as the (timely) access to relevant information and being referred to career opportunities. The effect of content and structure of the respective online network on professional informational benefits was examined on the general (users vs. non-users of a platform) and more fine-grained level (within users of a specific platform). Overall, users of LinkedIn and Twitter reported higher informational benefits than non-users, whereas the Facebook users reported lower informational benefits. Posting about work and strategically selecting ties consistently predicted informational benefits. The network composition mattered most on LinkedIn; strong and weak ties predicted informational benefits. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the social capital framework.
Books on the topic "STRONG TIES VS"
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Hofweber, Thomas. Conceptual Idealism Without Ontological Idealism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0008.
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Idealism in its strong form is the view that our human minds in particular, not just minds in general, are metaphysically central to reality, somehow. This chapter presents an argument for this strong form of idealism. The argument will come largely from the philosophy of language, which might sound dubious. However, it will be shown that such an argument can establish a substantial metaphysical conclusion nonetheless. One key move is to distinguish two versions of idealism tied to two ways of conceiving of reality: the totality of facts vs. the totality of things. Ontological idealism is false: we are not central for reality understood as the totality of things. However, conceptual idealism, a version of idealism concerning the totality of facts, is true. The argument given in this chapter aims to show why and how that can be.
Book chapters on the topic "STRONG TIES VS"
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Miller, Kenneth P. "Sibling Rivals." In Texas vs. California, 3–11. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190077365.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the Texas-California sibling rivalry. All states can be considered “siblings,” but the connections between Texas and California are especially strong. The ties include common origins as territories of Spain and Mexico, Sun Belt geography, rich natural resources, vibrant economies, large-scale immigration, and comparable demographics. Moreover, in the past, Texas and California agreed on a range of political questions. In the 1990s, however, the two states began to divide. In the years since, they have hardened their partisan identities and come to advocate more sharply opposing visions of government. More than other states, California and Texas have driven our contemporary national polarization. The chapter presents the book’s central questions: Why, despite their similarities, have Texas and California divided? How have these states translated their competing visions into policy? And what does the future hold for these models—both for these two states and for the nation as a whole?
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Delton, Jennifer A. "Conservatives vs. Managers." In The Industrialists, 187–209. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167862.003.0009.
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This chapter highlights the fissures among and between corporate capitalists and conservatives in the mid-twentieth century. By the 1950s, businessmen and journalists alike regarded the National Association of Manufacturers' (NAM) ideological “backwardness” as a hindrance to business's interests and unrepresentative of the business community. Partly, this was about corporate liberals criticizing NAM to highlight their own enlightened and reasonable moderation. But mostly, this criticism was fairly earned by a group of “ultraconservatives,” whose control of the purse strings and ties to far-right groups like the John Birch Society were increasingly at odds with NAM's internationalism, professional goals, and membership quandaries—areas overseen by NAM staff. It would be wrong to call the NAM staff “liberal,” but its outlook was more pragmatic, more influenced by business and management schools, and less committed to “rugged individualism” than that of NAM's conservative leaders. The tensions created by ultraconservatives would lead to a restructuring of NAM that sidelined the “old guard” and gave NAM its first full-time paid president and a more pragmatic, issues-based approach to its work.
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Sornette, Didier. "2050: The End of the Growth Era?" In Why Stock Markets Crash. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175959.003.0010.
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This chapter examines stock market crashes in the entire financial history of the United States as well as the world economy and population dynamics over the last 2,000 years. It suggests the existence of strong positive feedbacks that point to an underlying finite-time singularity around 2050, signaling a fundamental change of regime of the world economy and population around 2050 (a super crash?). Three leading scenarios are described: collapse, transition to sustainability, and superhumans. After analyzing financial as well as economic and population times series over the longest time scales for which reliable data is available, the chapter considers the pessimistic viewpoint of “natural” scientists vs. the optimistic viewpoint of “social” scientists regarding human population size and growth. It also discusses the faster-than-exponential growth of population, GDP, and financial indices before concluding with an overview of the increasing propensity to emulate the stock market approach.
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Becker, Carola, and Raymond T. Bauer. "Multiple Matings and Sperm Competition." In Reproductive Biology, 332–63. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688554.003.0012.
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In polyandrous mating systems, females mate multiple times and males have evolved adaptations for sperm competition which increase the number and fitness of their offspring. Mate guarding is a widespread monopolization strategy in groups where female receptivity is temporally restricted and often associated with the molt. Precopulatory guarding occurs in branchipods, copepods, peracarids and decapods. Postcopulatory guarding is notable in numerous brachyurans with males protecting females until her exoskeleton has hardened. During copulation, male success in fertilization depends on an effective sperm transfer mechanism, the precise placement of ejaculates closest to where female gametes are fertilized. Male copulatory systems are highly diverse and strongly adapted to these tasks, especially the structures that interact with the female genital ducts. The elaborate tips of brachyuran gonopods are supposed to act in the displacement, possibly even in the removal of rival sperm masses; however, sperm removal is only evident in crayfish: males eat spermatophores previously deposited by other males. During copulation of several crustacean groups, males transfer secretions that harden and form a sealant. These sperm plugs, plaques and gel layers may protect their own sperm, prevent remating or seal off rival sperm from the site of fertilization. Several groups of isopods and decapods have internal insemination, elaborate sperm storage organs and some exhibit internal fertilization. The intensity of sperm competition increases with the latency between the processes of insemination and fertilization. This chapter gives on overview on mate guarding, male sealants and the anatomical adaptations to sperm competition in crustaceans. We also briefly discuss the consequences of multiple matings for the genetic diversity of broods, i.e., single vs. multiple paternities. There is still a lack of data for many crustacean groups. Moreover, it is often hard to assess how successful a male strategy to ensure paternity actually is as many studies focus on either the behavioral, anatomical, or molecular aspects, while comprehensive multi-level studies on crustacean sperm competition are virtually absent from the literature.
Conference papers on the topic "STRONG TIES VS"
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Cooper, Lynne P. "The Value of Weak vs. Strong Ties between Individuals and Projects for New Product Review." In 2008 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2008.453.
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Baumstein, Anatoly, Partha Routh, Kyle Basler-Reeder, Young Ho Cha, David Tang, Jay Barr, and Alex Martinez. "Elastic Full Wavefield Inversion: The Benefits and the Challenges in Clastic and Subsalt Setting." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211620-ms.
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Abstract The main focus of our work is application of visco-elastic Full Waveform Inversion (eFWI) to estimation of elastic parameters directly from seismic shot data. In particular, we aim to recover the ratio between pressure wave velocity Vp and shear wave velocity Vs, which can be indicative of the type of fluid present in a potential subsurface reservoir. The workflow we describe does not directly use well ties for wavelet control, as is typical in seismic inversion. We provide intuitive explanations for choices behind the proposed multi-stage hierarchical algorithm, outline its key steps, and present field data examples from a structurally simple clastic setting and a complex sub-salt environment. The latter, in particular, makes differentiating net versus non-net in pre-salt carbonate reservoirs a challenging problem when using narrow azimuth streamer data. The challenges include significant illumination variability caused by complex geometries of the evaporites, complex wave modes and scattering caused by strong property contrasts in the evaporites and carbonates, and layering of anhydrite and other salts within the evaporites causing complex transmission losses. The thick carbonate reservoir units beneath the salt further complicate the estimation process due to lack of low frequency signal recorded in streamer data. Our methodology shows that it is possible to directly invert shot data to obtain geologically meaningful elastic properties that can be useful in exploration and early development phases. However, challenges remain. We demonstrate that inverted acoustic impedance (Ip) from eFWI has higher fidelity and more reliable magnitude compared to the ratio between compressional and shear wave propagation speeds (Vp/Vs). In fact, the former is sufficiently accurate to be reliably used for porosity prediction. In turn, eFWI Vp/Vs inversion results are in qualitative agreement with well information (as a blind test) for the clastic example and able to discriminate the net versus non-net for the pre-salt example without well information. However, the quantitative match may be insufficient to determine the type of fluid via rock property inversion without any well control. Further research is needed to investigate the sensitivity of Vp/Vs and determine if the quality of the data is key a factor, in addition to stabilizing simultaneous extraction of several elastic parameters from seismic data via constrained inversion framework.
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COLLÉ, ANTHONY, ÉRÔME LIMIDO, SIMON DALLE PIAGGE, and FRÉDÉRIC PAINTENDRE. "INNOVATIVE MESHLESS APPROACH FOR SHAPED CHARGES MODELLING VS EXPLOSIVE REACTIVE ARMOR." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36065.
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We focus on shaped charges modeling. Combining large deformations, numerous interface productions and strong damages mechanism, those events are numerically challenging. Eulerian finite element methods are classically used. However, they induce very long computation times, accuracy losses and need opening criteria to deal with failure. Among the Lagrangian approaches the meshless methods called Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics appears as a relevant alternative to prevent such shortcomings. We propose to use an alternative scheme called -SPH-ALE. Based on the ALE framework, it achieves robust and consistent stabilization through an arbitrary description of motion. Its implementation on a Viper shaped charge shows that the scheme handles the jet generation process as well as its resulting interaction with an ERA target. Both stability and accuracy are increased with respect to classical approaches. Also, taking advantage of GPU computing, such results are achieved in reduced computation times with respect to classical CPU implementations.
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Smeltzer, Benjamin K., Yan Li, and Simen Å. Ellingsen. "Effect on Doppler Resonance From a Near-Surface Shear Layer." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61231.
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For waves generated by a wave source which is simultaneously moving and oscillating at a constant frequency ω, a resonance is well known to occur at a particular value τres of the nondimensional frequency τ = ωV/g (V: source velocity relative to the surface, g: gravitational acceleration). For quiescent, deep water, it is well known that τres = 1/4. We study the effect on τres from the presence of a shear flow in a layer near the surface, such as may be generated by wind or tidal currents. Assuming the vorticity is constant within the shear layer, we find that the effects on the resonant frequency can be significant even for sources corresponding to moderate shear and relatively long waves, while for stronger shear and shorter waves the effect is stronger. Even for a situation where the resonant waves have wavelengths about 20 times the width of the shear layer, the resonance frequency can change by ∼ 25% for even a moderately strong shear VS/g = 0.3 (S: vorticity in surface shear layer). Intuition for the problem is built by first considering two simpler geometries: uniform current with finite depth, and Couette flow of finite depth.
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Momeni, Amir Farid, Robert J. Peterman, B. Terry Beck, and Chih-Hang John Wu. "Effect of Strand Indentation Types on the Development Length and Flexural Capacity of Concrete Railroad Ties Made With Different Prestressing Strands." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1233.
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Pretensioned concrete prisms made with five different prestressing strand types (four 7-wire strands and one 3-wire strand) were load tested to failure to understand the effect of strand indentation types on the development length and bonding performance of these different reinforcements. The prestressing strands were denoted SA, SB, SD, SE and SF. SA was a smooth strand while the other four were indented strands. All strands utilized in manufacturing ofprisms had diameter of 3/8″ (9.52 mm). Among all types of strands, SF was the only 3-wire strand and the remaining strands were all 7-wire strands. For all types of strands, four straight strands were embedded into each concrete prism, which had a 5.5″ (139.7 mm) × 5.5″ (139.7 mm) square cross section. The strands were tensioned to 75 percent of ultimate tensile strength of strands and gradually de-tensioned when the concrete compressive strength reached 4500 psi (31.03 Mpa). A consistent concrete mixture with type III cement, water-cement ratio of 0.32 and a 6-in. slump was used for all prisms. Prisms were load tested in 3-point-bending at different embedment lengths to obtain estimations of the development length of each type of strand. Two out of three identical 69-in.-long (175.26 cm) prisms were load tested at one end and one was tested at both ends for each reinforcement type evaluated. First prisms were tested at 28-in. (71.12 cm) from the end, while second prisms were tested at 20-in. (33.02 cm) from the end. Third prisms were loaded at 16.5-in. (41.9 cm) from one end and 13-in. (33.02 cm) from the other end. Thus, a total of 20 load tests (5 strand types × 4 tests each) were conducted in this study. During each test, a concentrated load with the rate of 900 lb/min (4003 N/min) was applied at mid-span until failure occurred. Values of load, mid-span deflection, and strand endslip were continuously monitored and recorded during each test. Plots of load-vs-deflection were then compared for prisms with each strand type and span, and the maximum sustained moment was also calculated for each test. The load tests revealed that there is a large difference in the development length of the strands based on their indentation type.
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Mays, Antje, and Oya Y. Rieger. "Legacy Missions in Times of Change: Defining and Shaping Collections in the 21st Century." In Charleston Library Conference. Purdue Univeristy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317167.
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Despite the rapidly changing information and technology landscape, collections remain at the heart of academic libraries, signifying their enduring importance in providing access to our cultural heritage. Given broader trends in research and the current information ecology of an increasingly networked, distributed, and licensed environment, building collections and developing collection polices is increasingly ambiguous. These trends impact librarians in form of ever-expanding portfolios, diffusion of effort, weakened sense of focus, and a rising sense of persistent yet unmet needs for developing new skills. This paper outlines current research on collection trends and summarizes the interactive exchanges from the 2019 Charleston Conference Lively Session (https://sched.co/UZR5). Through live polling, session participants identified key trends in libraries and collections: Key trends included business models, budget constraints, consortium deals, continued importance of subscribed content, access vs. ownership, digitization of unique local collections, digital humanities, digital scholarship, library publishing projects, growing library investments in Open Access (OA), and collection diversification efforts with a view to equity and social justice. Among emerging library services, data services and digitization ranked highest in importance. The most-cited wish-list items included transformative deals, stronger campus partnerships, more OA projects, reduced copyright barriers in sharing homegrown digitized video content, as well as skill development in Counter 5 and data analysis. Existing physical and digital preservation programs received only lower-middle strength ratings. Among long-established library characteristics, collection policies, subscribed content, interlibrary loan, and consortial borrowing and lending retained enduring value and high rankings in importance. Tensions continue between ownership, borrowing, and access.
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Saunders, Amanda M., and Darris White. "Estimating Traction Forces for Pneumatic Tires on Soft Soils With Application to BAJA SAE Vehicles." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10770.
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Abstract BAJA SAE is an engineering competition that tasks team with designing single-seat all-terrain vehicles that partake in a variety of events, predominantly on soft soils. Events range from (off-road) land maneuverability, hill climb, tractor pull, and timed acceleration. Tire-terrain interaction strongly influences the performance of off-road vehicles. Tire terrain traction is limited by the mechanical properties for soft soils; therefore, understanding tire-terrain traction forces is important for assessing vehicle performance. Using the stress integration method (SIM) initiated by Bekker and developed by Wong, this paper analyzes the performance of BAJA SAE tires using Bekker’s defined terrain measurements for soft soils. The relative rigidity of the tire versus the soil, in terms of pressure, was compared for operating conditions and used to determine the tire state (rigid wheel or pneumatic tire). Tire state determines shape of the tire-terrain interface, and integration limits. Based on the operating conditions, the tire sinkage into the soil was calculated and used to determine compaction resistance, tire hysteresis, and normal pressures along the tire-terrain interface. Using the SIM, the longitudinal and lateral tractive forces vs the slip ratio and slip angle, respectively, were calculated for a range of operation conditions. The tire-terrain traction forces were evaluated for different tire diameters and tire pressure for a range of soil types. The described process can be used to predict performance for BAJA SAE teams participating in specific events and the results can be used as a basis for selecting tires and tire pressure for dynamic events.
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Cao, Hui, Rustem Zaydullin, Terrence Liao, Neil Gohaud, Eguono Obi, and Gilles Darche. "Adding GPU Acceleration to an Industrial CPU-Based Simulator, Development Strategy and Results." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203936-ms.
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Abstract Running multi-million cell simulation problems in minutes has been a dream for reservoir engineers for decades. Today, with the advancement of Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), we have a real chance to make this dream a reality. Here we present our experience in the step-by-step transformation of a fully developed industrial CPU-based simulator into a fully functional GPU-based simulator. We also demonstrate significant accelerations achieved through the use of GPU technology. To achieve the best performance possible, we choose to use CUDA (NVIDIA GPU’s native language), and offload as much computations to GPU as possible. Our CUDA implementation covers all reservoir computes, which include property calculation, linearization, linear solver, etc. The well and Field Management still reside on CPU and need minor changes for their interaction with GPU-based reservoir. Importantly, there is no change to the nonlinear logic. The GPU and CPU parts are overlapped, fully utilizing the asynchronous nature of GPU operations. Each reservoir computation can be run in three modes, CPU_only (existing one), GPU_only, CPU followed by GPU. The latter is only used for result checking and debugging. In early 2019, we prototyped two reservoir linearization operations (mass accumulation and mass flux) in CUDA; both showed very strong runtime speed-up of several hundred times, 1 P100-GPU (NVIDIA) vs 1 POWER8NVL CPU core rated at 2.8 GHz (IBM). Encouraged by this success, we moved into linear solver development and managed to move the entire linear solver module into GPU. Again, strong speed-up of ~50 times was achieved (1 GPU vs 1 CPU). The focus for 2019 has been on standard Black-Oil cases. Our implementation was tested with multiple "million-cell range" models (SPE10 and other real field cases). In early 2020, we managed to put SPE10 fully on GPU, and finished the entire 2000 day time-stepping in ~35 sec with a single P100 card. After that our effort has switched to compositional AIM (Adaptive Implicit Method), with focus on compositional flash and AIM implementation for reservoir linearization and linear solver, both show early promising results. GPU-based reservoir simulation is a future trend for HPC. The development of a reservoir simulator is complex, multi-discipline and time-consuming work. Our paper demonstrates a clear strategy to add tremendous GPU acceleration into an existing CPU-based simulator. Our approach fully utilizes the strength of the existing CPU simulator and minimizes the GPU development effort. This paper is also the first publication targeting GPU acceleration for compositional AIM models.
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Yimer, Ibrahim, and Ian Campbell. "Parametric Study to Optimize Air/Fuel Mixing for Lean, Premix Combustion Systems." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26086.
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New designs of gas turbine combustors for power generation applications have to meet ever-tightening emission standards (mainly NOx, CO and UHC) while operating at high combustor pressures. This requires a detailed understanding of the physical processes involved. The air-fuel mixture preparation is a critical step in most advanced gas turbine combustion strategies to achieve lower emissions. It has long been established that the level of unmixedness between the fuel and air is strongly tied with NOx levels. The present paper applies the statistical technique of Design Of Experiments (DOE) to a generic mixer set-up that includes an axial swirler, with fuel injected at discrete locations and transverse to the flow. The objective is to identify influential design and operating parameters that will provide rapid and enhanced mixing. The parameters tested include Swirl strength as measured by the Swirl number, Swirl type (Constant angle vs. Free vortex), number and momentum of fuel injection sites and gas temperature. Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence of acetone (PLIF) was used to quantify mixing at various planar locations in the mixing section. Commercial CFD software is used to model the flow field and predict the spatial mixing at selected conditions. Comparisons are made with experimental measurements with the aim to validate the CFD code and also on comparing the model results with the measurements.
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Graham, Robert, Michael Cadd, Angie Theresia, and Jason Polkinghorne. "Kick Tolerance - A Risk-Based Strategy to Enhance Well Control in Narrow Margin Wells." In SPE/IADC Managed Pressure Drilling & Underbalanced Operations Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210547-ms.
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Abstract Determination of appropriate kick tolerance to safely drill a narrow margin well can be challenging. A conventional approach using conservative assumptions and a single bubble model can lead to premature deployment of contingency casing strings or render some scenarios un-drillable. Uncertainties in pressures and depths in HPHT wells make a robust design that can handle all possible scenarios especially challenging. This paper will examine a strategy for challenging these assumptions and presents a robust methodology for safely managing ultra-low kick tolerance and large subsurface uncertainties by taking advantage of MPD influx management techniques and multi-phase modelling. The key elements defining the well control envelope include formation strength, resolution of influx detection, realistic shut-in times, safety margin and method of influx control (circulating response with MPD vs non-circulating response with BOP). This kick tolerance strategy will be implemented for a lengthy HPHT campaign in the UK North Sea. The strategy is designed to enable drilling the reservoir sections to TD and achieving all well objectives where applying a more conventional approach may require contingency casing to be deployed and key well evaluation objectives to be regretted. In addition, the well control strategy will take advantage of MPD influx management to control potential influxes within very small volumes while continuing to circulate.