Academic literature on the topic 'Stressed state'

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Journal articles on the topic "Stressed state"

1

Rudenko, S. P., and S. G. Sandomirski. "Calculation model of the stressed state of the tooth contact zone of surface-hardened gears." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 67, no. 3 (2022): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2022-67-3-277-284.

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Stress state of the surface layer in the contact zone of mating teeth of cylindrical gears has been studied. It is established that stressed state of contact surfaces in the meshing pole of mating teeth is characterized not only by surface contact stresses, but also by deep equivalent stresses. It is shown that under contact loading the stressed state of surface layer is heterogeneous and changes with distance from the surface. Analysis and substantiation of calculation model for stressed state of diffusion layer in contact zone of mating teeth of surface-hardened gears are performed. Value of coefficient, which takes into account influence of normal stresses on efficiency of tangential ones, is specified. Reliability and validity of model of calculation of stressed condition of surface layer in contact zone of mating teeth of surface-hardened gears were estimated according to results of full-scale bench tests of the gears made of cemented steel 20ХГНР. The values of contact stresses in tooth meshing pole were corrected considering the load concentration across the width of cogged ring gear. Spalling depth of damaged teeth was determined by measuring impressions taken from the teeth of each examined gear with methacrylic resin. It is established that the nucleation zone of deep contact pitting for gears with 6.5 mm module is on the depth of occurrence of calculated maximum equivalent shear stresses. The consistency of the calculation results with the experimental data shows the validity of the calculated stress-strain model for involute gears.
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Chursin, A. I., E. A. Nartova, P. M. Chebotarev, and A. A. Melentyev. "Agrarian landscape ecological regional assignment of middle Volga." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 3 (2022): 032039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032039.

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Abstract Based on modern data of environmental information, an assessment of agricultural landscape ecological state in Middle Volga was made, the state of which is unsatisfactory, this is due to assessments of land prevailing types ecological state in natural agricultural zones: in broad-leaved forest zone, the crisis-stressed state of agricultural landscape is distinctive(including arable land - heavy, natural forage lands - intense-heavy, forest - from intense to crisis; radioactive contamination - up to 10% of zone territory); - in the forest-steppe zone, a crisis-stressed state is distinctive (including arable land - stressed-heavy, - stressed, forest - crisis; radioactive contamination - up to 2 - 3% of zone territory); natural forage lands; - in the steppe zone, the state of agricultural landscape is characterized by stressed-heavy state (including arable land - stressed-heavy, natural dryforage lands - stressed, natural forage lands, floodplain and lowland - good and satisfactory, forest - crisis); - in the dry steppe zone, the state of agricultural landscape is characterized by stressed-heavy state (including arable land - stressed-heavy, natural dry forage lands - stressed, natural forage lands, floodplain and lowland - good and satisfactory, forests - stressed); - in semi-desert and desert zones, the state of agricultural landscape is crisis-stressed (including arable land - a crisis, natural forage lands - stressed, forests - stressed).
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Savruk, M. P., and A. Kazberuk. "Distribution of stresses near V-shaped notches in the complex stressed state." Materials Science 47, no. 4 (2012): 476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-012-9419-8.

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Kovshar, S. N., P. V. Ryabchikov, and S. V. Gushchin. "Assessment of Thermally Stressed State of Concrete Massif." Science & Technique 20, no. 3 (2021): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-3-207-215.

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The paper describes a technique for assessing the thermally stressed state of a concrete massif of a foundation slab made of a self-compacting concrete mixture. The proposed method consists in a preliminary calculation of temperature fields in hardening concrete. The objects of research have been self-compacting concrete mix and structural concrete in the structure mass. The choice of materials for the preparation of a concrete mixture is given and substantiated. The composition of self-compacting concrete has been used to assess the thermally stressed state. A binder with a reduced exotherm has been used in order to reduce the self-heating of concrete. Studies have been carried out to assess the specific heat release of the recommended cement depending on the initial water-cement ratio. The effect of a chemical additive on the rate and magnitude of the specific heat release of cement has been studied. The paper presents the main theoretical provisions and an algorithm for calculating the thermal stress state of a concrete massif. The finite difference method has been used to calculate the expected temperatures and their distribution in the structure mass, and the temperature stresses in the sections of the concrete mass have been calculated to assess the thermally stressed state. The performed calculations of the temperature fields have made it possible to estimate the maximum possible temperatures and temperature differences over the sections of the concrete massif depending on the initial temperature of the concrete mixture and the average daily temperature of the outside air. Analysis of the temperature distribution has revealed the most dangerous sections of the concrete mass. An assessment of the thermal stress state of the concrete mass has been made on the basis of the results pertaining to calculation of temperature fields. The calculation of temperature stresses in the most dangerous sections of the concrete massif has been performed. It is shown that the calculated value of the temperature stress can serve as a characteristic of the thermally stressed state of the concrete mass. The formation of temperature cracks in a concrete mass is possible when the calculated value of the temperature stress exceeds the actual tensile strength of concrete. Comparison of the calculated and actual values of temperatures in the sections of the foundation slab has made it possible to conclude that the calculations of the temperature fields and, as a consequence, possible temperature deformations are correct.
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Cherdantsev, N. V., and S. V. Cherdantsev. "Stress State of Layered Rock Mass Containing A Mine Working of Round Cross-section." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2024): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-10-14-20.

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The elastoplastic problem of the stress state of layered rock mass containing an extended single mine working is solved in the following sequence. A stress field is built in the parts of mass adjacent directly to the mine working that form an extremely stressed area (the area of inelastic deformations). Then the area is spread into the rock mass, and the stress field is built in it in accordance with the characteristics method developed by V.V. Sokolovsky to be applied to the calculation of granular and coherent media. The method has been developed to solve problems of differential equations of the equilibrium of continuum mechanics jointly with general and special strength criteria of Coulomb–Mohr. This non-linear system belongs to hyperbolic equations. The characteristics method alternately solves three boundary value problems for a number of specific areas of the extremely stressed rock mass. Then, by substituting the extremely stressed area with stresses at its boundary, the elastoplastic problem is reduced to the boundary value problem of theory of elasticity for a medium with reinforced cutout, whose dimensions comply with dimensions of the extremely stressed area. The problem is solved by using the boundary element method and controlled by compliance with static boundary conditions at the boundary of plastic area and elastic region. The elastoplastic problem of the stress state of a layered array containing an extended single mine working is solved in the following sequence. First, a stress field is constructed in the parts of the array adjacent directly to the mine working, with from an extremely stressed zone (a zone of inelastic deformations). Further, this zone extends deep into the array, and the stress field in it is constructed by the method of characteristics developed by V.V. Sokolovsky in relation to the calculation of bulk medium. The method is designed to solve a system of differential equations of equilibrium of continuum mechanics together with general and special Coulomb — Mohr strength criteria. This nonlinear system belongs to hyperbolic equations. The method of characteristics alternately solves the boundary value problems for a number of characteristic sections of the extremely stressed zone of the array. Then, by replacing the extremely stressed zone with stresses at its boundary, the elastically plastic problem is reduced to the boundary value problem of the theory of elasticity for a medium with a reinforced cutout, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the extremely stressed zone. It is solved by the boundary element method and is controlled by the fulfillment of static boundary conditions at the boundary of the plastic zone and the elastic region.
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Klimov, S. "Stressed state of webbed framing joints with diagonal element." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2020-2-s-i-41-46.

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In most of cases, webbed beams of ship grillages intersect at the right angle. The intersections at arbitrary angle lead to structural and technological challenges, whereas the welds too close to each other bring about high stress concentrations and high welding stresses. Beam intersections at sharp angles are hard to weld. This paper discusses the beam joint with diagonal element suggested and patented by the authors, as well as the results of stressed-state study for this joint.
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Bembenek, M., V. Kopei, L. Ropyak, and K. Levchuk. "Stressed State of Chrome Parts During Diamond Burnishing." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 45, no. 2 (2023): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.45.02.0239.

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Ulanbator, Suleimenov, Zhangabay Nurlan, Abshenov Khassen, et al. "Estimating the stressed-strained state of the vertical mounting joint of the cylindrical tank wall taking into consideration imperfections." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7 (117) (2022): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.258118.

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Based on the use of a multi-level mathematical model, this paper estimates the stressed-strained state of a cylindrical reservoir in the mounting joint and considers the concentration of stresses in the joint zone. The correctness of the selected mathematical model was verified to show that for an engineering assessment of the stressed-strained state of the wall of a cylindrical tank with variable thickness, it is possible to use the ratios for a cylindrical shell with a constant wall thickness. The spread of values is no more than 1&nbsp;%, which indicates the proper selection of the mathematical model. A numerical assessment of the stressed-strained state in the zone of the mounting joint proved the assumption of significant stress concentrations in the zone and indicated the determining effect exerted on the concentration of stresses by its geometric dimensions. The concentration of stresses in the joint zone of the tank wall was investigated at various sizes in the ANSYS programming environment. The result of calculating the stressed-strained state of the reservoir for various values of the dent parameters f/t and &nbsp;is the constructed polynomials that approximate the stress concentration coefficient K<sub>&sigma;</sub>. As a result of the calculations, an interpolation polynomial and an approximating stress concentration coefficient were derived, which could be used to assess the strength, durability, residual life of the tank and to normalize the limiting dimensions of the imperfection of the joint. This paper reports comparative results of the calculations of the stress concentration coefficient depending on the geometric dimensions of the imperfection of the mounting joint in the ANSYS software package, as well as using an interpolation polynomial. The results could be used to ass
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Suleimenov, Ulanbator, Nurlan Zhangabay, Akmaral Utelbayeva, et al. "Estimation of the strength of vertical cylindrical liquid storage tanks with dents in the wall." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7(115) (2022): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.252599.

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A multi-level mathematical model was used to estimate the stressed-strained state of a cylindrical reservoir with a defect in the wall shape in the form of a dent; the concentration of stresses in the defect zone was studied. The proper choice of the mathematical model was verified; it has been shown that the engineering assessment of the stressed-strained state of the wall of a cylindrical tank with the variable thickness could employ ratios for a cylindrical shell with a constant wall thickness. The spread of values is 2‒10 %. This indicates the proper choice of the mathematical model, as well as the fact that it is possible, for an engineering assessment of the stressed-strained state of the wall of a cylindrical tank with variable thickness, to use the ratios for a cylindrical shell with a constant wall thickness. The stressed-strained state of the dent zone in the tank wall was numerically estimated, which proved the assumption of significant stress concentrations in the dent zone and indicated the determining effect on the concentration of stresses in the dent zone exerted by its geometric dimensions and its depth in particular. The concentration of stresses in the zone of dents in the tank wall was investigated in the ANSYS programming environment at different sizes of dents on the tank wall, for which two dimensionless parameters were introduced: the dimensionless radius of the dent and the dimensionless depth of the dent. Based on the results of a numerical study into the stressed-strained state of the dent zone in the tank wall, graphic dependences were derived of the stress concentration coefficient on the dimensionless depth of the dent for various values of the dimensionless radius of dents, which does not exceed 2 % of the indicator. Based on fitting the stress concentration curves on the dimensions of the dent and tank, a formula was derived for calculating the stress concentration coefficient as a function of the dimensionless radius ξ and the dimensionless depth ς of the dent. The resulting formula makes it possible, with known dimensionless parameters of the depth and radius of the dent, to determine the coefficients of stress concentration in the dented zone of the tank wall.
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Ulanbator, Suleimenov, Zhangabay Nurlan, Utelbayeva Akmaral, et al. "Estimation of the strength of vertical cylindrical liquid storage tanks with dents in the wall." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7(115) (2022): 6–20. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.252599.

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A multi-level mathematical model was used to estimate the stressed-strained state of a cylindrical reservoir with a defect in the wall shape in the form of a dent; the concentration of stresses in the defect zone was studied. The proper choice of the mathematical model was verified; it has been shown that the engineering assessment of the stressed-strained state of the wall of a cylindrical tank with the variable thickness could employ ratios for a cylindrical shell with a constant wall thickness. The spread of values is 2‒10&nbsp;%. This indicates the proper choice of the mathematical model, as well as the fact that it is possible, for an engineering assessment of the stressed-strained state of the wall of a cylindrical tank with variable thickness, to use the ratios for a cylindrical shell with a constant wall thickness. The stressed-strained state of the dent zone in the tank wall was numerically estimated, which proved the assumption of significant stress concentrations in the dent zone and indicated the determining effect on the concentration of stresses in the dent zone exerted by its geometric dimensions and its depth in particular. The concentration of stresses in the zone of dents in the tank wall was investigated in the ANSYS programming environment at different sizes of dents on the tank wall, for which two dimensionless parameters were introduced: the dimensionless radius of the dent and the dimensionless depth of the dent. Based on the results of a numerical study into the stressed-strained state of the dent zone in the tank wall, graphic dependences were derived of the stress concentration coefficient on the dimensionless depth of the dent for various values of the dimensionless radius of dents, which does not exceed 2&nbsp;% of the indicator. Based on fitting the stress concentration curves on the dimensions of the dent and tank, a formula was derived for calculating the stress concentration coefficient as a function of the dimensionless radius &xi; and the dimensionless depth &sigmaf; of the dent. The resulting formula makes it possible, with known dimensionless parameters of the depth and radius of the dent, to determine the coefficients of stress concentration in the dented zone of the tank wall.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stressed state"

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Paquin, Normand. "Electron transport in uniaxially stressed silicon MOSFETs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257213.

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Hadzhiyski, Vilhelm, and Zviatko Atanasov. "Investigation of stressed state of elastic element of elastic clutch from three ply reinforced polymer material." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-228801.

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The use of composite materials in engineering practice and in particular nonmetallic composite materials in the preparation of elastic couplings (clutches) requires modeling of their mechanical behavior. The production of elastic couplings with a elastic element having reinforced polymer materials require studying the behavior of those materials for loads which are typical for their operation. In many modern structures of elastic clutches are used multilayer reinforced composites. This kind of materials are composed of separate layers with different orientation of reinforcing fibers. Several authors have studied the behavior of this type of laminated materials (Yongming L. 2005, Zhang Y.X., 2009). Factors,which determine the stress and deformation state of this type of elastic elements are: — structure and mechanical characteristics — matrix and reinforced material — connection between matrix and reinforced material — orientation of reinforcement. The aim of this paper is to investigate stress and strain state of elastic element of coupling, creating a model for determination of the state of threelayers nonmetallic material for manufacturing of nonmetallic elastic elements.
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Hadzhiyski, Vilhelm, and Zviatko Atanasov. "Investigation of stressed state of elastic element of elastic clutch from three ply reinforced polymer material." TUDpress - Verlag der Wissenschaften GmbH, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30531.

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The use of composite materials in engineering practice and in particular nonmetallic composite materials in the preparation of elastic couplings (clutches) requires modeling of their mechanical behavior. The production of elastic couplings with a elastic element having reinforced polymer materials require studying the behavior of those materials for loads which are typical for their operation. In many modern structures of elastic clutches are used multilayer reinforced composites. This kind of materials are composed of separate layers with different orientation of reinforcing fibers. Several authors have studied the behavior of this type of laminated materials (Yongming L. 2005, Zhang Y.X., 2009). Factors,which determine the stress and deformation state of this type of elastic elements are: — structure and mechanical characteristics — matrix and reinforced material — connection between matrix and reinforced material — orientation of reinforcement. The aim of this paper is to investigate stress and strain state of elastic element of coupling, creating a model for determination of the state of threelayers nonmetallic material for manufacturing of nonmetallic elastic elements.
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Andreev, A. A., S. N. Grigorev, O. V. Sobol, M. A. Volosova, V. A. Stolbovoy, and V. Ye Filchikov. "Structural-phase and Strained State of Vacuum-ARC Mo-N Coatings." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34806.

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The effect of substrate bias on the structural-phase and elastic stress-strained state during the formation of vacuum-arc deposited nanostructural coatings of the Mo–N system has been studied. An increase in the bias potential leads to (i) predominant [111] orientation of the growing molybdenum nitride crystals with a NaCl-type cubic lattice (γ-Mo2N phase) and (ii) the appearance of a second phase with a body-centered cubic crystal lattice that is characteristic of pure molybdenum. The elastically strained (stressed) state of the coating is determined not only by the conditions of deposition, but also by the mechanical properties of a substrate. In order to provide for formation of coatings in a high-elastic-strained (stressed) state, it is necessary to deposit coatings onto substrates with high elastic modulus, which prevent metal flow at the interface. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34806
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Váša, Jiří. "Návrh přemostění komunikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392093.

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The diploma thesis deals with the design of the motorway bridge over the II / 464 road between Butovice-Bílovec. For the bridging design four variants were made, from which a variant of the slab with longitudinal extensions was selected for further processing. The design assessment was performed for the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state according to valid standards. Determination of internal forces was performed on the model developed in Scia Engineer 18.0.
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Matuška, Vojtěch. "Porovnání variant nádrže ČOV z železobetonu a z předpjatého betonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409800.

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The diploma thesis deals with design and comparison of variants of cast-in-place concrete sewage tank made from reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete. The layout of sewage tank is rectangular. The tank is in longitudinal way divided into two chambers. The tank is not roofed and is partialy embedded in the ground. The design for ultimate limit state and for service limit state is made for both variants. There is focus on generation and development of cracks in service limit state. For calcuation of internal forces is used model made in software SCIA Engineer, based on finite element method. The reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete versions are compared in last part in term of volumes of materials needed. Also there are proposed possible savings.
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Arnett, Sarah B. "Fiscal Stress in the U.S. States: An Analysis of Measures and Responses." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/38.

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Fiscal stress is an important and recurring problem that states face. Research to date on state fiscal stress involves, predominantly, cross-sectional and case study analyses and does not address the effectiveness of state responses. Many of these studies use different definitions and measures of fiscal stress compounding the difficulty of comparing fiscal stress findings. The present research effort adds to the fiscal stress literature by (1) clarifying the meaning of fiscal stress in the state context, (2) developing a measure of fiscal stress that operationalizes this meaning and is comparable across units, and 3) using this measure analyzes patterns in and the effectiveness of state responses. Fiscal stress is measured using four indexes: budget, cash, long-run, service-level. Eleven financial indicators, calculated using data from state Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFRs), are used to create these indexes for all fifty states for the years 2002-2009. Descriptive analysis compares state fiscal stress levels (grouped into low, moderate, and high fiscal stress by cluster analysis) to state economic growth rates, state responses, and institutional factors yielding several findings. First, states do not use an incremental or punctuated equilibrium strategy in responding to fiscal stress; nor do their responses follow the pattern predicted by Cutback Management theory. Second, institutional factors affect both the levels of fiscal stress and state responses to fiscal stress. Regression analysis supports and extends these findings. First, short-term responses of expenditure cuts, tax increases, and rainy day fund use do not affect state fiscal stress levels. Second, these responses have long-term effects on fiscal stress levels. A major implication of this research is that there is very little states can do in the short-term to reduce fiscal stress. However, by balancing expenditures and revenues states can set themselves up to weather the next economic downturn with lower levels of fiscal stress.
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Svoboda, Tomáš. "Most přes údolí potoka Kyselá voda." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227255.

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The subject of the diploma thesis is the design of the ghrinder bridge over the Kyselá voda brook valley. The main topic is static calculation of supporting construction of six span structure. Two studies were executed and the second option, pre-stressed girder bridge was chosen. The lenght of the spans is 27 + 6 x 35 + 27 m. Static model and effect of loading are solved in software Scia Engineer. Reviews are calculated by hand according to current standards.
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Navrátil, Tomáš. "Most přes Knovízský potok." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240311.

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The subject of the diploma thesis is the design of the ghrinder bridge over the Knovízský potok brook valley. The main topic is static calculation of supporting construction of five span structure. Three studies were executed and one of them, pre-stressed girder bridge was chosen. The langht of the spans is 27 + 3 x 32 + 27 m. Static model and effect of loading are solved in software Scia Engineer. Reviews are caltulated by hand according to current standards.
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Arnett, Sarah. "Fiscal stress in the U.S. states: an analysis of measures and responses." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42860.

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Fiscal stress is an important and recurring problem that states face. Research to date on state fiscal stress involves, predominantly, cross-sectional and case study analyses and does not address the effectiveness of state responses. Many of these studies use different definitions and measures of fiscal stress compounding the difficulty of comparing fiscal stress findings. The present research effort adds to the fiscal stress literature by (1) clarifying the meaning of fiscal stress in the state context, (2) developing a measure of fiscal stress that operationalizes this meaning and is comparable across units, and 3) using this measure analyzes patterns in and the effectiveness of state responses. Fiscal stress is measured using four indexes: budget, cash, long-run, service-level. Eleven financial indicators, calculated using data from state Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFRs), are used to create these indexes for all fifty states for the years 2002-2009. Descriptive analysis compares state fiscal stress levels (grouped into low, moderate, and high fiscal stress by cluster analysis) to state economic growth rates, state responses, and institutional factors yielding several findings. First, states do not use an incremental or punctuated equilibrium strategy in responding to fiscal stress; nor do their responses follow the pattern predicted by Cutback Management theory. Second, institutional factors affect both the levels of fiscal stress and state responses to fiscal stress. Regression analysis supports and extends these findings. First, short-term responses of expenditure cuts, tax increases, and rainy day fund use do not affect state fiscal stress levels. Second, these responses have long-term effects on fiscal stress levels. A major implication of this research is that there is very little states can do in the short-term to reduce fiscal stress. However, by balancing expenditures and revenues states can set themselves up to weather the next economic downturn with lower levels of fiscal stress.
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Books on the topic "Stressed state"

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Zarenbin, Vladimir, Nikolay Chaynov, Sergey Russinkovskiy, and Mal'donado Val'eho. Modeling of the thermal state and calculation of the friction pairs of the basic heat-stressed parts of piston engines. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2083543.

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The monograph presents modern methods for calculating the thermal state of thermally stressed basic parts of internal combustion engines, including calculations for jamming of movable conjugate elements of the cylinder piston group.&#x0D; For engineering and technical workers involved in the design, calculation and manufacture of piston engines. It can be useful for graduate students and university students of relevant fields of study and specialties.
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1950-, Revhaug A., ed. Acute catabolic state. Springer, 1996.

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P, Walker K., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Steady-state and transient zener parameters in viscoplasticity: Drag strength versus yield strength. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Freed, Alan David. Steady-state and transient zener parameters in viscoplasticity: Drag strength versus yield strength. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Th, Vanden Driessche, Guisset J. -L, and Petiau-de Vries G. M, eds. The redox state and circadian rhythms. Kluwer Academic, 2000.

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Crews, John H. An analysis of fiber-matrix interface failure stresses for a range of ply stress states. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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Crews, John H. An analysis of fiber-matrix interface failure stresses for a range of ply stress states. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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A, Naik Rajiv, Lubowinski S. J, and Langley Research Center, eds. An analysis of fiber-matrix interface failure stresses for a range of ply stress states. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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Gauvreau, Paul. Ultimate limit state of concrete girders prestressed with unbonded tendons. Birkhauser Verlag, 1993.

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1945-, Plowden F. J., ed. The state under stress: Can the hollow state be good government? Open University Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stressed state"

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Reitano, Joanne. "The Stressed State." In New York State: Peoples, Places, and Priorities, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003332022-9.

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Molotnikov, Valentin, and Antonina Molotnikova. "Stressed State in a Body Point." In Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66622-4_7.

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Nicolaysen, S., Mariya G. Ganchenkova, and Risto M. Nieminen. "Formation of Vacancies and Divacancies in Plane-Stressed Silicon." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-13-2.433.

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Japaridze, Levan. "Stressed State of the Rock Mass Around the Excavation." In Serviceability Limit States of Underground Structures. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51900-0_3.

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Tushinsky, Leonid I., Iliya Kovensky, Alexandr Plokhov, Victor Sindeyev, and Peter Reshedko. "Breaking Strength and Stressed State of Base Metal-Coating Composition." In Coated Metal. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06276-0_8.

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Kapustyan, V. E., and A. I. Kirichenko. "Contactless Measurement of Stressed Deformed State of Structures Under Diagnosis." In Computational Mechanics ’95. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79654-8_24.

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Palkov, Ihor, Mykola Shulzhenko, Konstantin Avramov, and Ivan Breslavsky. "Elastoplastic Thermo-mechanical Stressed State of Turbine Blades Locking Joints." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18487-1_22.

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Kurennov, S. S., A. G. Poliakov, K. P. Barakhov, and D. V. Dvoretska. "The Nonuniform in Width Stressed State of the Lap Adhesive Joint." In Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37618-5_7.

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Semenov, Kirill, Maxim Kukolev, Ernest Ivanov, Aleksandra Makeeva, Sergej Manovitskij, and Aleksey Kuleshin. "Thermal Stressed State at Temperature Variations While Concreting for Hydraulic Structures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67654-4_29.

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Popovych, Vasyl. "Methods for Determination of the Thermo-stressed State of Thermosensitive Solids Under Complex Heat Exchange Conditions." In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_617.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stressed state"

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Rapa, Martin, and William H. Hartt. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Jacketed Pre-Stressed Concrete Piles for Corrosion Damage." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99566.

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Abstract Jacketing has been employed historically in Florida and elsewhere as a repair and rehabilitation method for corrosion damaged coastal bridge pilings. Such an approach involves either partial or complete encapsulation, most commonly in conjunction with a fiberglass form and mortar fill. Experience has indicated, however, that jacketing for this purpose (corrosion control) is not effective and, in fact, may accelerate subsequent attack. Consequently, a study was recently performed to evaluate the condition of jacketed coastal bridge pilings in the State. Concurrently, a companion effort addressed development of a method for conducting such inspections non-destructively. The present paper reports data that were developed in conjunction with this latter effort and details the inspection protocol that ultimately resulted.
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Trillo, Elizabeth, Brian Somerday, James Dante, et al. "Hydrogen Permeation and Binding Energy Study on OCTG High Strength Steel." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12908.

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Abstract Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) high strength steels are susceptible to hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) due to hydrogen ingress as a result of exposure to environmental conditions (cathodic protection (CP) and/or H2S environments) and as such are prone to failure. In order to address the potential cracking susceptibility, a study was performed to understand fundamental parameters such as steady state hydrogen permeation flux, hydrogen concentrations and hydrogen trap binding energies of the high strength steel under charging conditions. Electrochemical permeation testing was performed on unstressed and 80%AYS stressed C110 pipe steel using an applied charging current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 in a 0.5M H2SO4 test solution at 75 F. Comparisons between the stressed and unstressed samples showed that there were no significant differences in steady state flux (Jss) and calculated hydrogen concentration for this charging condition. Further testing was performed to measure hydrogen uptake and time to saturation under the same charging conditions using the Silicone Oil Method. Subsequent laser thermal desorption mass spectrometry (LTDMS) was performed at the saturation point and at several temperature scan rates in order to calculate the apparent activation energy for hydrogen desorption, from which the binding energy for trap sites can be inferred (Eb).
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Moore, Dale L. "Naval Aviation Corrosion Challenges and Solutions." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00270.

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Abstract Naval aviation is facing the significant challenge of operating and supporting aging aircraft exposed to the harsh corrosive maritime environment and highly stressed conditions of carrier-based aviation with increased environmental challenges and significantly reduced maintenance resources and infrastructure. These combined challenges require state-of-the-art technologies and maintenance practices to ensure operational suitability and safety while enabling, within constrained budgets, the modernization of our forces. The Naval Air Systems Command has developed a comprehensive strategy that leverages “Best-in-the-World” technologies and techniques to address documented cost drivers. A comprehensive evaluation of material condition combined with a definition of best practices and state-of-the-art technologies are paving the road for the future of naval aviation. Leveraging partnership opportunities with other government agencies, industry and academia are creating a short, medium and long-term strategy to meet this pervasive challenge.
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Wang, Chuanying, Zengqian Han, Yiteng Wang, and Jinchao Wang. "Borehole deformation under a stressed state and in situ stress measurement." In Eighth International Conference on Deep and High Stress Mining. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1704_14_wang.

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Strelnikov, V. N., and M. G. Sukov. "STRESSED STATE OF HEAVY-DUTY HARMONIC GEAR DRIVE FLEXSPLINE." In International Conference "Aviamechanical engineering and transport" (AVENT 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/avent-18.2018.76.

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Kaledin, Valeriy, Tatyana Burnysheva, and Olga Shteinbreher. "Modeling of stressed deformed state of lattice anisogrid constructions." In IV International research conference "Information technologies in Science, Management, Social sphere and Medicine" (ITSMSSM 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/itsmssm-17.2017.35.

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Pankratova, Nataliya D. "Thermo-Stressed State of Anisotropic Non-Homogeneous Constructive Elements." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0535.

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Abstract On the basis of the developed approach to solution of problems of the thermo-stressed state of hollow thick-walled bodies with taking into account arbitrary variability of material properties through their thickness, different modes of layers conjugations, types of boundary conditions on all limited surfaces and forms of loading according to elasticity theory the influence of non-homogeneity and anisotropy of elastic properties of materials at the stress level an deformabiity of laminated bodies in the form of a cylinder, cone, sphere or plate is studied.
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Pastukhov, Alexander I. "CALCULATION OF THE THERMO-STRESSED STATE OF MASSIVE STRUCTURES." In Международный строительный конгресс. Наука. Инновации. Цели. Строительство. АО «НИЦ «Строительство», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2949-219x-2023-67-68.

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Duane, R., A. Concannon, D. McCarthy, and A. Mathewson. "Inverse Modelling of Trapped Charge in Hot-Carrier Stressed nMOSFET." In 30th European Solid-State Device Research Conference. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2000.194791.

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Wang, H., G. Han, Y. Liu, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, and Y. Hao. "Performance Improvement in Uniaxially Tensile Stressed GeSn FinTFET Investigated by Simulation: Impact of Stress Direction." In 2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2016.a-6-02.

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Reports on the topic "Stressed state"

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Pfeifer, Claudia. Women in Multilateral Peace Operations in 2022: What is the State of Play? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/kijm3695.

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In the year 2000, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security stressed the importance of the full and equal participation of women in all efforts towards the maintenance and promotion of peace and security, including UN peace operations. Following the resolution, organizations and member states involved in multilateral peace operations affirmed their commitment to increase women’s participation in these activities. More than 20 years after the adoption of the resolution, some progress has been achieved in enhancing women’s representation in multilateral peace operations, but much remains to be done. This booklet provides data on aggregate personnel trends, annual snapshots of data on women’s representation in leadership, and annual averages of women personnel in peace operations and in member state contributions. It looks at UN peace operations, European Union Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions and operations, and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) field operations. The objective is to support the efforts of multilateral organizations and their member states to increase the representation of women in multilateral peace operations. The statistics presented in the booklet aim to inform and foster the debate on the future of the women and peace and security agenda within the context of multilateral peace operations. They illustrate to what extent the organizations deploying multilateral peace operations and their member states are making progress towards increasing women’s representation in multilateral peace operations. This overview also enhances the transparency of multilateral peace operations and provides insights into recent trends and developments.
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Pfeifer Cruz, Claudia. Women in Multilateral Peace Operations 2023: What is the State of Play? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/alfw9880.

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In the year 2000, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women and peace and security stressed the link between gender equality and international peace and security. The resolution underscored the importance of the full and equal participation of women in all efforts towards peace and security, including UN peace operations. Following the resolution, organizations and member states involved in multilateral peace operations committed to increasing women’s participation. More than 20 years after the adoption of the resolution, some progress has been achieved but much remains to be done. This booklet provides an overview of women’s participation in multilateral peace operations, including data and trends regarding women’s representation in leadership roles, overall personnel and member states’ contributions. It looks at UN peace operations, European Union Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions and operations, and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) field operations. Its objectives are to support the efforts to increase the representation of women in peace operations, and to inform and foster the debate on the future of the women and peace and security agenda in this context. The statistics presented in this booklet illustrate to what extent organizations and their member states are making progress towards increasing women’s representation in multilateral peace operations. Overall, they show that organizations are still falling short of their own strategic targets for women’s participation, signalling a clear need to redouble efforts to achieve these goals. They also highlight that gender equality remains particularly elusive within leadership roles, which calls for a focus on leadership as a critical component of any strategy aimed at enhancing women’s representation. Contents I. Women’s representation in multilateral peace operations: UN military personnel II. Women’s representation in multilateral peace operations: UN police personnel III. Women’s representation in multilateral peace operations: UN civilian personnel IV. Women’s representation in multilateral peace operations: OSCE field operations V. Women’s representation in multilateral peace operations: EU CSDP missions and operations
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Pfeifer Cruz, Claudia. Women in Multilateral Peace Operations in 2024: What is the State of Play? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/vyhm5282.

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In the year 2000, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women and peace and security stressed the link between gender equality and international peace and security. The resolution underscored the importance of the full and equal participation of women in all efforts towards the maintenance and promotion of peace and security, including UN peace operations. Following the resolution, organizations and member states involved in multilateral peace operations affirmed their commitment to increase women’s participation in these activities. Increasing the number of uniformed and civilian women at all levels has since become a priority of the UN Secretariat. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Secretariat and, more recently, the European External Action Service (EEAS) of the European Union (EU) have followed suit and developed strategies establishing specific targets and deadlines to enhance women’s participation in their respective personnel. More than 20 years after the adoption of the resolution, some progress has been achieved in enhancing women’s representation in multilateral peace operations, but much remains to be done. This overview of women’s representation in multilateral peace operations presents data on aggregate personnel trends, annual snapshots of data on women’s representation in leadership, and annual averages of women in the personnel of peace operations and in member state contributions. It looks at UN peace operations (i.e. both UN peacekeeping operations and UN special political missions), EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions and operations, and OSCE field operations. The objective is to support the efforts of multilateral organizations and their member states to increase the representation of women in multilateral peace operations. The statistics presented here aim to inform and foster the debate on the future of the women and peace and security agenda within the context of multilateral peace operations. They illustrate to what extent the organizations deploying multilateral peace operations and their member states are making progress towards increasing women’s representation in multilateral peace operations. Having a clearer picture of the status of women’s participation in multilateral peace operations and keeping track of progress also help in recognizing and targeting potential shortcomings. Moreover, this overview enhances the transparency of multilateral peace operations and provides insights into their recent trends and developments.
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El Halawani, Mohamed, and Israel Rozenboim. Temperature Stress and Turkey Reproduction. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570546.bard.

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High temperature stress is of major concern to turkey producers in Israel and the United States. The decline in the rate of egg production at high environmental temperature is well recognized, but the neuroendocrinological basis is not understood. Our objectives were: 1) to characterize the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis involvement in the mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproduction, and 2) to establish procedures that alleviate the damaging effect of heat stress on reproduction. Heat stress (40oC, Israel; 32oC, U.S.) caused significant reduction in egg production, which was restored by VIP immunoneutralization. The decline in egg production did not appear to be entirely related to the expression of incubation behavior due to the rise in circulating PRL in stressed birds. Heat stress was found to increase circulating PRL in ovariectomized turkeys independent of the reproductive stage. Active immunization against VIP was shown for the first time to up-regulate LHb and FSHb subunit mRNA contents. These findings taken together with the results that the heat stress-induced decline in egg production may not be dependent upon the reproductive stage, lead to the suggestion that the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproductive performance may be in part mediated by VIP acting directly on the GnRH/gonadotropin system. Inhibin (INH) immunoneutralization has been shown to enhance FSH secretion and induces ovulation in mammals. It is hypothesized that immunization of heat-stressed turkeys against INH will increase levels of circulating FSH and the number of preovulating follicles which leads to improved reproductive performance. We have cloned and expressed turkey INH-a and INH-bA. Active immunization of turkey hens with rtINH-a increased pituitary FSH-b subunit mRNA and the number of non-graded preovulatory yellow follicles, but no significant increase in egg production was observed.
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Krause, Thomas, Mehrdad Keshefi, Ross Underhill, and Lynann Clapham. PR652-203801-R02 Magnetic Object Model for Large Standoff Magnetometry Measurement. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012151.

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Ferromagnetic pipeline steel may exhibit magnetization, even in the absence of applied magnetic fields, due to remnant fields or the presence of pipe wall stress. Remnant magnetization may be present from previous or existing exposure to a magnetic field, while pipe wall stress induced magnetization can result from line pressure, environmental stresses due to settling or geohazard conditions, and residual stresses due to nonuniform plastic deformation caused by manufacturing processes, installation or operating conditions. The local stress state of the pipeline may also be altered by corrosion or damage. The physical basis for magnetization in pipelines due to intrinsic and resident stresses is examined here using the magnetic object (MO) model. MOs are characterized as regions of relatively independent magnetic behaviour, typically about the size of a ferromagnetic steel grain, to which expressions for the magnetic energy of local domain structures can be applied. The lowest energy state for an MO is a flux-closed structure, but the presence of stress can modify the MO energy through inverse magnetostrictive effects on the domain structure and thereby, produce a state of magnetization. This magnetization may be altered by the introduction of additional stress sources including pressurization of the pipe, geological-environment effects, sources of magnetization that include the proximity of other ferromagnetic pipes, even those comprising sections of the same pipeline, and changes in the pipe structure that may be brought about by deformation, corrosion or cracking. This work shows that the fundamental building block of the MO, combined with considerations of overall changes in domain structure due to these factors, can be used to model the generation of magnetic fields measured outside of pipeline structures. This will have implications for understanding sources of pipeline magnetization that are passively measured above buried oil and gas pipelines with the objective of detecting anomalous conditions that may indicate compromised conditions for safe pipeline operation.
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Johnson, Sarah, Michael Sinclair, Emily Leonard, and Forrest Rosenbower. Development of strategies for monitoring and managing sandscape vegetation, with an assessment of declining vegetation in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293187.

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Coastal dune habitats such as those of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) are regionally rare habitats of global and state-wide concern. Their dynamic, sandy landforms provide habitat for unique species specifically adapted to frequent disturbance, drought, and other stresses. Despite having disturbance-driven life histories, these species are at risk due to increased visitor use of sandscape habitats and environmental change. Resource managers at APIS have long understood the values of these sandscapes and threats presented by recreational trampling, but more recently they have recognized the precarious position that these coastal habitats are in due to their proximity to the lake and exposure to weather-related phenomena linked with long-term climate change. In recognition of emerging threats and the need to track impacts of these threats, park managers initiated a revision of their methods for monitoring sandscape vegetation. We applied these methods to 15 sandscape locations within the national lakeshore in 2014. Here, we outline what these revisions to the methods were, assess the current status of sandscape structure and composition, assess the utility of data collected with these methods, provide suggestions for further revisions of the sampling method, outline a two-tiered sampling approach for future monitoring, and we provide management recommendations. In a second section of the report, we provide a focused assessment of the size and health of Juniperus communis (common juniper), a target species of concern in these sandscape communities after it was observed by park managers to be dying or stressed on Michigan Island. Our assessments include the status of J. communis across all sandscapes monitored in 2014, and an analysis of change over time since 2012 in the health of J. communis on Michigan, Outer, and Stockton Islands. We provide evidence of impacts by rodents on foliar dieback, primarily on Michigan Island, and we discuss possible interactions with the non-native pale juniper web-worm (Aethes rutilana) and with climate change.
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Johnson, Sarah, Michael Sinclair, Emily Leonard, and Forrest Rosenbower. Development of strategies for monitoring and managing sandscape vegetation, with an assessment of declining vegetation in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293187.

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Coastal dune habitats such as those of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) are regionally rare habitats of global and state-wide concern. Their dynamic, sandy landforms provide habitat for unique species specifically adapted to frequent disturbance, drought, and other stresses. Despite having disturbance-driven life histories, these species are at risk due to increased visitor use of sandscape habitats and environmental change. Resource managers at APIS have long understood the values of these sandscapes and threats presented by recreational trampling, but more recently they have recognized the precarious position that these coastal habitats are in due to their proximity to the lake and exposure to weather-related phenomena linked with long-term climate change. In recognition of emerging threats and the need to track impacts of these threats, park managers initiated a revision of their methods for monitoring sandscape vegetation. We applied these methods to 15 sandscape locations within the national lakeshore in 2014. Here, we outline what these revisions to the methods were, assess the current status of sandscape structure and composition, assess the utility of data collected with these methods, provide suggestions for further revisions of the sampling method, outline a two-tiered sampling approach for future monitoring, and we provide management recommendations. In a second section of the report, we provide a focused assessment of the size and health of Juniperus communis (common juniper), a target species of concern in these sandscape communities after it was observed by park managers to be dying or stressed on Michigan Island. Our assessments include the status of J. communis across all sandscapes monitored in 2014, and an analysis of change over time since 2012 in the health of J. communis on Michigan, Outer, and Stockton Islands. We provide evidence of impacts by rodents on foliar dieback, primarily on Michigan Island, and we discuss possible interactions with the non-native pale juniper web-worm (Aethes rutilana) and with climate change.
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Choudhary, Siddhant, Ross Underhill, and Thomas Krause. PR652-203801-R05 The Lab study Effect of Earth�s Field and Line Pressure on Magnetization of Pipeline. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000073.

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Large standoff magnetometry is an emerging non-destructive magnetic test method, which is remote, passive, and non-contact. It is based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect and, therefore, has potential for detection of magnetic anomalies produced by elevated stresses in steel pipelines and ferromagnetic structures. Changes in the local pipeline stress state may arise due to corrosion, cracking, mechanical damage, ground movement (geohazards), or external loading. Laboratory measurements were performed on macroscopic steel samples in the elastic stress regime to investigate the potential for stress detection in steel. The effects of the pipe samples' orientation when degaussed, the generation of a reproducible magnetization state, rotation relative to Earth's magnetic north and then pressurization were also investigated. Three of the seven pipe samples were pressurized with water at 21 MPa (3000 psi), and the effects on the magnetic flux density was measured on the samples' surface in different orientations in Earth's magnetic field. Four-point bending and pressurization was applied to two pipe samples. The results indicate that Earth's magnetic field and its relative orientation with respect to the pipe has a measurable effect on the magnetic state of a pipe, and the resulting magnitude of changes in measured flux density when stress is applied. Changing the orientation of a pipe after degaussing and then applying pressure will also cause more significant changes in the measured magnetic flux density. Pressurization is shown to be the cause of larger changes in magnetization when compared to the effects of bending. The implications for detecting potentially damaging elastic stresses on pipelines using above-ground inspection, large standoff magnetometry, are examined.
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Herbert, Siân. Maintaining Basic State Functions and Service Delivery During Escalating Crises. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.099.

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This rapid literature review explores how to maintain essential state functions and basic service delivery during escalating conflict situations. It draws on literature and ideas from various overlapping agendas including development and humanitarian nexus; development, humanitarian and peacebuilding nexus (the “triple nexus”); fragile states; state-building; conflict sensitivity; resilience; and conflict prevention and early warning. There has been an extensive exploration of these ideas over the past decades: as the international development agenda has increasingly focussed on the needs of fragile and conflict-affected contexts (FCAS); as violent conflicts have become more complex and protracted; as the global share of poverty has become increasingly concentrated in FCAS highlighting the need to combine humanitarian crisis strategies with longer-term development strategies; as threats emanating from FCAS increasingly affect countries beyond those states and regions e.g. through serious and organised crime (SOC) networks, migration, terrorism, etc; and as global trends like climate change and demographic shifts create new stresses, opportunities, and risks.
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Barzi, E., and E. Terzini. Analytical Study of Stress State in HTS Solenoids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/970996.

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