Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stress thermique des espèces'
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Brerro-Saby, Christelle. "Espèces réactives de l'oxygène et contrôle sensorimoteur musculaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20691.
Full textWu, Hui-Chen. "Molecular bases of the heat shock response in plants : identification of elements involved in HS transduction pathway and in the cross talk between HS and oxidative stress." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20125.
Full textWhile being unable to escape their lands, plants are continuously submitted to the modifications of their environment, and need to adjust proper physiological processes in response to various stimuli. During this work, I devoted my studies on two major stresses affecting plant development, heat shock (HS) and oxidative stresses (OS), focusing on key elements in these pathways (HS chaperons and HS-related thioredoxins) in order to bring news elements of knowledge and interconnexion of these pathways.Using rice and soybean as mono- and dicotyledonous plant systems, I show how HS leads to calcium release from plant cell apoplast to the cytosol in a typical calcium signature, conferring cell wall rigidity and enhancing HS signaling pathway. I also identify Pectin Methylesterase as required in this pathway for cell wall remodeling and plasma membrane integrity. I further investigate how plant sense temperature increases and how they transmit the HS signal to downstream elements. Using systematic analyses of Calmodulin (CaM) and small heat shock protein (sHsp) gene expression, I identify one CaM as a coordinator of HS response, which I characterize as involving specific cytosolic/nuclear isoforms of the sHsp family.I latter perform the molecular analysis of TDX, a Thioredoxin suspected to be involved in heat shock response. I show that TDX interacts with cytosolic/nuclear members of the Hsp70 family in a redox dependent manner, both HS and OS inducing its nuclear relocation, and that TDX is required for both acquired thermotolerance and OS signaling.I finally discuss the data brought by this work and propose models with cross-talks between HS and oxidative stress signaling
Péden, Romain. "Impact du changement climatique sur le métabolisme des protéines d’une espèce clé des communautés intertidales, Mytilus edulis (L.)." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0015/document.
Full textIntertidal organisms live in a fluctuating environment. The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is a key species of those ecosystems and are largely use as sentinel species. Global warming associated with anthropization will expose mussels to contaminations together with increased temperatures. In addition, more frequent heatwaves are expected. In this work, mussels were collected at two sites depicting contrasted levels of contamination and thermal exposure in microcosm were conducted. Two acclimation scenarios were set up prior to exposure to an identical acute thermal stress. In order to decipher joint effects of acclimation and contamination on protein homeostasis, gill proteome comparisons were performed. High mortality was observed only for mussels collected at the contaminated site and acclimated to current temperatures. Concerning gill proteome analysis, organisms from the pristine site exhibit high abundance of thermal stress proteins. Proteoforms involved in anaerobic metabolism were also up-regulated. Interestingly, mussels acclimated to the higher temperatures show an enhanced response compare to the one acclimated to current temperatures. Concerning mussels from the contaminated site, the response appears more confusing, excepted for heat stress protein response. This may indicate deleterious effects of combined contamination and heat stress. Therefore, organisms acclimated to higher temperature display improved responses. In conclusion, mussels with a clean life history show better physiological abilities than individuals with contaminated life history. Moreover, organisms prepared to heat stress by higher acclimation temperatures also develop a more effective response
Guibourd, de Luzinais Vianney. "L'impact des vagues de chaleurs marines sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes de l'océan à l'échelle mondiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NSARH121.
Full textIntensifying climate change is increasingly affecting marine life in the world's oceans. Extreme events like marine heatwaves (MHWs), associated with climate change, are projected to grow in duration, intensity, and frequency, further impacting marine ecosystems throughout the 21st century. In this dissertation, I investigated the effects of climate change and MHWs on biomass flows in marine food webs and their consequences on ecosystem structure and functioning. I developed a dynamic version of the EcoTroph model, named EcoTroph-Dyn, which represents the functioning of marine ecosystems as a single flow of biomass from primary producers to top predators. To study MHW effects using EcoTroph-Dyn, I estimated MHW-induced mortality from 1982 to 2021 based on the thermal preferences of various taxa. The results reveal that MHWs may have impacted biomass flow through the perturbation of the kinetics of biomassflow and transfer efficiency and caused biomass loss through instantaneous mortality. Secondly, using EcoTroph-Dyn, I hindcasted consumer biomass in marine food webs from 1998 to 2021. By integrating changes in temperature and primary production, marine animal biomass was estimated at each trophic level on a 1° x 1° grid of the global ocean. Findings show significant biomass loss due to MHWs, with more pronounced impacts at higher trophic levels. Finally, projections from 1950 to 2100 indicate that MHW-induced changes in biomass flows could drive a global consumer biomass decline, surpassing the impacts of background climate change. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that climate change and MHWs jointly disrupt biomass flows in marine ecosystems, leading to reduced future ocean animal biomass with direct repercussions on fisheries
Prénéta, Rachel. "Contribution à l'étude de la phosphorylation des protéines chez trois espèces bactériennes." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10155.
Full textVidal, Laeticia. "Contrôle de l'interaction entre des espèces siliceuses et des espèces aluminosilicatées en présence d'une solution alcaline." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0055.
Full textThis study is a part of the FE²E project and was accomplished in order to develop an economic and ecologic fuse. The methodology covers different steps going from the raw materials characterization to the manufacturing of electrical components (as fuse and busbar) with geopolymer materials. The reactive species in alkaline solutions were determined by FTIR, NMR and Raman spectroscopies. Then, the interactions between the sand and the solutions were studied using various impregnation and different curing methods in order to optimize the mechanical properties of agglomerated sand. Fuse body replacement by geopolymer binders by a coating or by casting in a mold were considered. Then, the validation of the thermal properties by thermal treatment and the interactions between a geopolymer binder and a metallic surface conduce to a technological disruptive. Finally, the possibility to obtain a geopolymer-based fuse or busbar was clearly evidenced
Lahondère, Chloé. "Stress thermique et thermorégulation chez lez insectes hématophages." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4029.
Full textInsects are submitted to thermal fluctuations of their environment and have developed a wide ranged panel of behavioral, physiological and biochemical responses, to minimize the subsequent deleterious effects and maintain their physiological integrity. Some species actively regulate their internal temperature independently of the temperature of the environment. If these insects can overcome the constraints imposed by their thermal environment, those that feed on warm-blooded vertebrate hosts have no choice but to confront a situation of thermal stress at each feeding event. The main objective of this work is to understand how bloodsucking insects manage heat stress associated with the massive flow of heat generated by the ingestion of the blood meal. Our results show these insects have developed different strategies of thermoregulation to protect themselves from overheating
Zerifi, Abdelrazak. "Méthode électrophorétique pour l'identification des espèces d'origine dans les produits carnés soumis à un traitement thermique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT037A.
Full textPermadi, Pipin. "Optimisation du traitement thermique appliqué au bois d'oeuvre pour l'amélioration des propriétés des espèces non durables." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1270.
Full textFetter, Geolar. "Synthèses et caractérisations de montmorillonites pontées par des espèces siloxanes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20049.
Full textAbraham, Pierre. "Hemodynamique veineuse des membres inferieurs lors du stress thermique chez l'homme." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0504.
Full textGuyot, Stéphane. "Influence de la cinétique d’un stress thermique sur la physiologie cellulaire." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS077.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the effects of different heat stress kinetics on the physiology of two microorganisms : the yeast S. Cerevisiae and the bacteria E. Coli. First part led to better understand cellular mecanisms involved in survival and death of cells exposed to a heat slope (0,5 °C. Min-1) or a heat shock (10 s) from the growth temperature to a known lethal one : 50 °C both followed or not by a 1 h maintaining phase at 50 °C. Relative part of passive (physico-chemical properties of cell constituants) and active (physiological pathway regulation) involved in this type of survival and death were studied. Results confirmed that heat slope application induced a certain degree of thermotolerance at 50 °C which was mainly related to passive mechanisms and more particularly to maintainance of plasma membrane integrity. Active mechanisms as de novo and HSPs (GroEL and GrpE in bacteria but not HSP104 in yeast) synthesis played a minor role in survival during the following 1 h plateau phase at 50 °C. Moreover, a heat shock induced a high level of cell mortality which was related to severe alteration of plasma membrane. Second part led to appreciate the effects of a slow (1 °C. 12 h-1) and long (9. 5 days) heat slope on the mesophilic bacteria E. Coli. Bacterial cells grew up to a temperature higher than the upper limit of their thermal niche : 54 °C. Complementary experiments showed that this type of thermotolerance was related to acclimation processes and not to adaptative ones (which imply genomic mutations). Third part leads to illustrate applications of heat shock using an original thermal process : electric field treatment. Such a treatment induced a high and very fast temperature increase into the intracellular medium due to a higher electrical conductivity than the extracellular medium
Ladjimi, Mohamed Tahar. "Modélisation biophysique de la mort cellulaire en réponse au stress thermique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R029/document.
Full textThe living cell is constantly exposed to various types of stress that can damage its components. When the induced damages are detected, defense mechanisms are activated to repair them while optimally managing the energy resources available and necessary for cell function. If the stress is too severe and the system can not defend itself, death will be inevitable. The cellular response to stress is orchestrated by intracellular signaling networks that are extraordinarily complex. The molecular species constituting these networks perform various tasks through biochemical reactions, forming synchronized biological process machineries. Our approach in this thesis for the study of these networks is to model them mathematically to reproduce an observed phenomenon and identify its key players, analyze their reactions in response to different signals, and possibly make precise enough and experimentally verifiable predictions that can be of an extreme utility for therapeutic applications. In our studies, we focus on thermal stress and on the resulting cellular response in terms of the dynamics of the molecular species involved, but also of cell fate (death or survival) at the end of the exposure, we adress those questions by dynamic models describing the biochemical kinetics of system variables as a consequence of temperature variation. In a first step, we demonstrate through simulations, followed by experimental validation, that the temporal form of heat stress significantly impacts cell survival. This first result highlights a mechanism of saturation of the repair species as a consequence of exposure to high temperatures. In a second step, we study the potential correlation between a variability introduced on the levels of two proteins in the heat shock response network and the phenomenon of fractional killing. According to our model predictions, experimentally measured chaperone proteins (repair species) variability alone is not sufficient to explain fractional killing, which must involve other sources of variability. Finally, an analysis of the isoeffect curves generated by a generic model of the cellular response to transient stress shows the existence of four sensitivity regimes depending on the duration-intensity parameters of the stress as well as on the parameters of the response network and its time scales. Our work highlights the potential and utility of dynamic network models in the characterization of dose-response curves
Ladjimi, Mohamed Tahar. "Modélisation biophysique de la mort cellulaire en réponse au stress thermique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR029.
Full textThe living cell is constantly exposed to various types of stress that can damage its components. When the induced damages are detected, defense mechanisms are activated to repair them while optimally managing the energy resources available and necessary for cell function. If the stress is too severe and the system can not defend itself, death will be inevitable. The cellular response to stress is orchestrated by intracellular signaling networks that are extraordinarily complex. The molecular species constituting these networks perform various tasks through biochemical reactions, forming synchronized biological process machineries. Our approach in this thesis for the study of these networks is to model them mathematically to reproduce an observed phenomenon and identify its key players, analyze their reactions in response to different signals, and possibly make precise enough and experimentally verifiable predictions that can be of an extreme utility for therapeutic applications. In our studies, we focus on thermal stress and on the resulting cellular response in terms of the dynamics of the molecular species involved, but also of cell fate (death or survival) at the end of the exposure, we adress those questions by dynamic models describing the biochemical kinetics of system variables as a consequence of temperature variation. In a first step, we demonstrate through simulations, followed by experimental validation, that the temporal form of heat stress significantly impacts cell survival. This first result highlights a mechanism of saturation of the repair species as a consequence of exposure to high temperatures. In a second step, we study the potential correlation between a variability introduced on the levels of two proteins in the heat shock response network and the phenomenon of fractional killing. According to our model predictions, experimentally measured chaperone proteins (repair species) variability alone is not sufficient to explain fractional killing, which must involve other sources of variability. Finally, an analysis of the isoeffect curves generated by a generic model of the cellular response to transient stress shows the existence of four sensitivity regimes depending on the duration-intensity parameters of the stress as well as on the parameters of the response network and its time scales. Our work highlights the potential and utility of dynamic network models in the characterization of dose-response curves
Santini, Jérémie. "Caractérisation physiologique et biochimique de la tolérance au stress photooxydatif chez les espèces ancestrales d'agrumes." Corte, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0005.
Full textThe "true citrus" group is composed of three main genera:Poncirus, Fortunella and Citrus. The latter consists of a multitude of species. Only three of them are responsible for this important diversity: citron, mandarin and pummelo. Each of these species originates from Southeastern Asia in a large area with various climates. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behaviour of a genotype belonging to each of the three fundamental species and that of a genotype from Fortunella genus (kumquat) in response to two kinds of hotooxidative stress. The former is caused by a natural chilling period and the latter by a change in light intensity. These genotypes were first compared at the physiological level by determining net photosynthesis (Pnet), stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll luorescence (Fv/Fm) and then at the biochemical level by assessing the activities of the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase. . . ) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbate and glutathione. According to our results, citron is sensitive to both types of stress with a marked decrease in photosynthetic performances, a large accumulation of H2O2 and MDA and insufficient activation of the antioxidant system. Conversely, pummelo is tolerant to both types of stress, showing the lowest down-regulation of physiological parameters and the lowest accumulation of H2O2 and MDA associated with efficiency of its antioxidant system. Mandarin exhibits a behaviour equivalent to pummelo atlow temperatures and a behaviour similar to citron under light stress. Finally, kumquat shows intermediate response between citron and mandarin/pummelo under chilling stress while its behaviour is close to pummelo under excess light
Palici, Ionut-Florin. "Valorisation des activités biologiques de certaines espèces végétales sahariennes nord-africaines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0321/document.
Full textThe Saharan desert is one of the most unfavorable areas, to the plant life. However, a small number of plants possesses both morphological and ecophysiological mechanisms ensuring their survival in the arid soil and on the sand dunes.It can be estimated that the secondary metabolism biosynthesizes considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, meant to ensure the development and the continuity of these species.The pharmacological properties of saharan plant extracts may bring benefits in the healing of certain microbial or proliferative diseases or contributes to the supply of antioxidants activities.The study of toxic properties is meant to enrich the knowledge of Saharan plants’bioactive potential.The biological activities of Anthyllis henoniana Coss., Centropodia forskalii (Vahl)Cope, Cornulaca monacantha Delile, Ephedra alata var. alenda (Stapf.) Trabut,Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss & Reut., Henophyton deserti Coss. & Durieu, Helianthemum confertum Dunal, Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst. and Spartidium saharae (Coss.& Durieu) Pomel have been studied. It can be seen that these species possess interesting properties, capitalized in the treatment of some human diseases. But, on the other hand in certain concentrations, extracts from these species may exhibit toxic effects onorganisms.Despite the extreme conditions, the Saharan desert represents the area of development for some valuable plant species, whose scientific knowledge is necessary
Cottin, Delphine. "Etude de la réponse au stress thermique chez la crevette hydrothermale Rimicaris exoculata." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066393.
Full textBoufoussi, M'Barek. "Modélisation thermique, métallurgique et mécanique du traitement thermique superficiel par faisceau laser." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL046N.
Full textAnquetil-Behra, Carole. "Les protéines de choc thermique chez les mammifères." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P203.
Full textGicquiaud, Laëtitia. "Amplitude écologique et plasticité métabolique (enzymes antioxydantes et amines) : comparaison de quatre espèces génétiquement proches (Bromus scet. Genea, Poaceae)." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10067.
Full textSivéry, Aude. "Dynamique du stress en cellules vivantes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10051/document.
Full textThe cell fight everytime against disturbances to maintain the balance of its internal environment and ensure its survival. The appearance of oxidative species or increasing the temperature are all major perturbations which the cell has to face. My thesis is structured around the temporal dynamics of oxidative and thermal stress in living cells. The originality of the team where I did my thesis, is to propose an alternative way to phototherapy dynamic in producing directly, without photosensitizer, singlet oxygen which is considered as the main cytotoxic agent. This way of producing singlet oxygen directly allows to address dosimetry issues that are important in therapy but also, to identify the macromolecules involved in oxidative stress more directly. In the first part ,I will present photochemical kinetic studies that have enable to determine in different solvents and in cells, the production rate and the reactivity of singlet oxygen with a specific partner. In the second part, I will present my work on the temporal dynamics of heat stress response in living cells. The development of a minimal mathematical model of titration of thermal stress coupled with experiments involving a key transcription factor in the regulation of stress, allowed us to identify the main reactions involved in the mechanism of cell response to heat shock
Houde, Martin. "Rôles des espèces réactives de l'oxygène et de l'apolipoprotéine E dans la réactivité plaquettaire chez la souris." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4027.
Full textBanzet, Nathalie. "Induction partielle de la réponse de choc thermique par les stress oxydants chez la tomate : caractérisation d'une protéine de stress." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10076.
Full textPeyrot, Fabienne. "Réactions des espèces réactives de l'azote dérivées du monoxyde d'azote avec la mélatonine et quelques indoles apparentés : implications biologiques." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112115.
Full textNitrogen monoxide (no), the enzymatic product of no-synthases in mammals, is an important biological mediator. Its oxidized and reduced derivatives are also thought to play a role in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation. . . Yet, most of the underlying chemical mechanisms are still unknown. Melatonin, a tryptophan-derived hormone in mammals, is well-known for its scavenging of reactive oxygen species. It was chosen here as a model compound to study the reactions of reactive nitrogen species : peroxynitrite (onoo-), nitrogen dioxide (no2), nitroxyl (hno). . . The reaction of onoo- with melatonin leads to the formation of mixtures of oxidation products (indol-2-ones, pyrroloindoles, kynuramines), of c-nitration products and of two n-substitution products : 1-nitro- and 1-nitrosomelatonins. Their yields vary according to physicochemical conditions (ph, co2 concentration). First, peroxynitrite-derived radicals oxidize melatonin and form melatoninyl radical. Then the latter recombines with peroxynitrite-derived onoo or no2 radicals. Nitrosation of melatonin is the main transformation observed in aqueous solution with no2 in the presence of no2- and with no or hno in the presence of o2. 1-nitrosomelatonin is unstable in aqueous solution and behaves as an no-donor with potential therapeutics applications. This work provided a better understanding of the physicochemical properties and of the biological activity of this compound. Its vasorelaxing and mutagenic properties were expected for an no-donor. Its antioxidant effect and its ability to increase stimulated release of acetylcholine in the brain may allow a therapeutic approach of alzheimer's disease
Bellagi, Rahma. "Etude de l'adaptation de la race Tarentaise aux conditions du stress thermique en Tunisie." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC026/document.
Full textIn Tunisia, the Tarentaise cow, a dual-purpose rustic breed was imported from the northern region of the French Alps. The aim of this PhD work was to study the adaptation of Tarentaise breed to heat stress, in particular during summer climatic conditions of Tunisia.To achieve our goals, two different studies were conducted. The first study was carried out to quantify the effect of heat stress on milk yield and components of Tarentaise in comparison to Holstein cows (by means of a data base of 16,400 monthly individual records of production traits from 21 farms situated in the North of Tunisia), and then to describe the relationship between the variations of milk yield during summer and some characteristics of the barns (by means of a survey carried out on 19 of the 21 previous farms). When the temperature-humidity index (THI) increased from an average value of 53.7 in winter to 75.4 in summer, the Holstein and Tarentaise cows decreased their milk yield by 0.93 and 0.15 kg/d, respectively. Milk fat, protein, and urea contents decreased similarly in both breeds, while somatic cell count increased for Holstein (+352,000/mL) and decreased for Tarentaise cows (−160,000/mL). The survey showed that closed buildings amplified the impact of heat stress and led to a more pronounced decrease in milk yield between summer and winter than open buildings (−1.13 vs. −0.27 kg/d), as well as metallic roofs compared to the other roof types (−1.04 vs. −0.15 kg/d).The second study was implemented in a commercial farm to quantify the effects of summer heat stress on some physiological parameters of Tarentaise cows. At the same time, we studied changes in milk production when we provided to the cows a more balanced diet during heat stress conditions. As expected, when the THI increased on average from 52.9 during winter to 77.4 during summer, cows had higher respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and milk cortisol content. Nevertheless, the range of variation was lower compared to Holstein cows from other studies. However, in our trial, the blood leucocytes count was not modified during summer. Simultaneously, during summer, the cows maintained their dry matter intake, were still in positive energy balance and increased their milk yield by 7.1 kg/d compared to winter, in response to a more concentrated energy and protein diet.Our results suggest that Tarentaise cows are well adapted to the Mediterranean climate of Tunisia. In addition, it is possible to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress with a more balanced diet during summer and a better design of barns for an adequate microenvironment
Macouillard-Poulletier, de Gannes Florence. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de cellules microgliales immortalisées lors de situations de stress thermique et apoptotique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28602.
Full textPernet, Lydia. "Rôle d'HDAC6 et de VCP dans la réponse au stress thermique. Implications dans l'IBMPFD." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV005.
Full textUnder stress, cells activate a defense mechanism named “cellular stress response”. This mechanism prevents especially unfolded proteins accumulation thanks to Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) synthesis through the activation of Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor. HSPs prevent aggregation and help protein refolding. Two partners associated to HSF1, have recently been identified: the molecular chaperone, VCP (Valosin Containing Protein) and the Histone DeACetylase 6 (HDAC6). Our project was to characterize the roles of HDAC6 and VCP in the Heat Shock Response (HSR). We have highlighted a preponderant role for the HDAC6 ubiquitin binding domain in the HSF1 activation time regulation after a heat shock. When HDAC6 can't bind ubiquitin, VCP promotes a rapid HSF1 inactivation preventing HSP25 chaperone transcription. This work also emphasizes a stimulus-dependent stress response. Indeed, we showed that mechanisms activated during the stress response following a heat shock differ from those activated after a proteasome inhibition. Inclusion Body Myopathy, Paget disease of the bone, and Frontotemporal Dementia (IBMPFD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Myopathy is the most common clinical feature of IBMPFD. It is caused by mutations of VCP. Alteration of VCP function leads to the accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and to the formation of inclusion bodies thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the pathogenesis of IBMPFD. We have shown that activation of the heat shock stress response in mouse cells VCP deficient mimicking IBMPFD phenotype, results in the decrease of cells with ubiquitinated protein aggregates. Our preliminary results show that HSF1 is not responsible for this decrease unlike HSP90 and HDAC6 that seems to intervene following the stress response activation. This strategy is currently tested on mouse models
Kouoh, Elombo Ferdinand. "Modèles physiopathologiques de stress oxydatif et d'évaluation des propriétés anti-oxydantes ou anti-élastases de médicaments." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P006.
Full textMathé, Christelle. "Etudes structure-fonction des supéroxyde réductases : mise en évidence de nouvelles espèces intermédiaires au niveau du site actif." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P602.
Full textSuperoxide reductase is a newly discovered enzymatic activity, that catalyzes the reduction of O2o- to H2O2 exclusively. There are three classes of SOR. The active site of SOR consists of a non-heme Fe2+ center in an unusual [His4 Cys1] pentacoordination. Upon oxidation, a conserved glutamate residue becomes the sixth Fe3+ ligand. Our resonance Raman spectroscopic studies on representative SOR proteins active sites from each class revealed structural variations. During our work, we have characterized a meta-stable non-protonated Fe3+-h2-O2 species after reaction with excess H2O2. Mutation of the glutamate residue to alanine resulted in the stabilization of the Fe3+-h2-O2 species. This indicated that this glutamate side chain facilitates H2O2 release. We have also identified a Fe3+-OH species which is responsible for observed pH-dependent spectroscopy changes of the SOR active site. The HO- species comes from the water solvent, which could be the second proton donor required for the H2O2 release
Ramon, Olivier. "Activité du facteur de transcription Sp1 et équilibre glucidique : implication des espèces réactives de l'oxygène." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE18010.
Full textBoucher, Nathalie. "Stimulation du transport d'électrons par le stress thermique dans les fractions membranaires de photosystème I." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1991. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5392/1/000589224.pdf.
Full textElmnasser, Noura. "Effet de stress technologiques sur la survie de différents modèles bactériens : applications particulières aux stress thermique, osmotique, acide et la lumière pulsée." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2053.
Full textListeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous bacterial species known to be a major hazard in food safety. At first, we have assessed the behaviour of 3 strains of L. Monocytogenes in relation to cold, saline and acid stress in food system and in laboratory conditions. Results of this study indicate that L. Monocytogenes is capable of survival but not growth on the surface of frozen raw salmon for a period of at least 10 months. Nevertheless, freezing is a way of reducing the linked risk Listeria for the seafood products industry. These 3 strains are able to grow in the presence of high concentrations in salt (10 % NaCl) in neutral and acid pH at 37, 25 and 4°C. Then, the effects of broad spectrum pulsed light on the survival of L. Monocytogenes, Ps. Fluorescens and Ph. Phosphoreum populations on agar, in a liquid medium and on food were investigated. The present study clearly demonstrates the potential of pulsed light for bacterial inactivation. Complete inactivation of these bacteria can be achieved within a few microseconds. The microbicidal effect depends on the position of the microbes, so that any shadowing of target cells must be avoided. A solution of DNA was used to demonstrate DNA strand-breaking after pulsed light treatment. The influence of pulsed light treatment on protein components of milk was evaluated by means of spectroscopy ultraviolet, spectrofluorimetry, electrophoresis and HPLC. The pulsed light treatment did not produce any significant changes of protein components
Touzy, Gaëtan. "Analyse génétique et écophysiologique de la tolérance à la sècheresse et au stress thermique chez le blé tendre (T. Aestivum L.)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC011.
Full textIn a context of climate change, the characterization of wheat varieties in response to drought and heat stress events is one of the major challenges of agriculture. This PhD thesis, resulting from a private-public partnership between Arvalis ‘Institut du Végétal’, Biogemma and INRA (“Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique”), aimed at providing necessary knowledge and tools to identify drought or heat-tolerant varieties and breed for varieties that meet these requirements. Analyses were conducted using a panel of 220 commercial varieties, genotyped with 280K SNP and tested in 35 environments (combination of year, location and water regime) and an experiment under controlled conditions where heat stress was applied during grain filling. The complexity of the study of drought and heat tolerance led us to present this thesis by first separating hydric and thermal stresses, and then to explore a multi-stress analysis method. Even if breeding has improved the performance of varieties under optimal water conditions, we showed that genetic progress must be accelerated and better distributed according to different stress scenarios. We propose several genetic determinants that could allow genetic gain in stressful environments. Our results and methods are discussed in view of the needs for varietal recommendation and improvement. Additional research strategies and methods improvements were also suggested
Khazzaka, Aline. "Les protéines de choc thermique-70 kDa (HSPs 70) chez le porc suite à un stress." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10186.
Full textHeat shock proteins (hsps) consist of a family of conserved proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental stressors. They play a role of molecular chaperones protecting cells against stress and facilitating the fording and the maturation of cellular proteins. The aim of this work was to study the hsps 70 response to stress in pigs of the three halothane (HAL) genotypes (NN, Nn and nn) in the blood, the semi-membranous muscles and cultured fibroblasts. HAL affected the hsps 70 response in vitro at different levels of the organism. Preconditioning leads to an overexpression of hsps 70 protecting cells from heat damage. It confers a normal hsps 70 response to stress in the nn animals. In vivo studies did not show any corelation between hsps 70, preconditioning and meat quality in pigs
Guilbert, Solenn. "Le rôle d'HSPB8 dans le contrôle de qualité des protéines en réponse à un stress protéotoxique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28128.
Full textHeat shock protein (HSP) play crucial role in the maintenance of the proteome integrity and in protein quality control. BCL-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a unique co-chaperone that interacts with different systems of chaperones, including the HSPA (HSC/HSP70) and HSPB families, in particular HSPB8. While the role of HSPA chaperones in BAG3-related functions in protein quality control has been well characterized, the exact contribution of HSPB8 remains incompletely understood. The objective of this thesis is to characterize HSPB8 function in BAG3-related activities in the context of cellular stress in response to proteasome inhibition, which lead to the sequestration of polyubiquitinated protein in a quality control deposit through the aggresome-autophagy pathway and in which BAG3 has previously been involved. Here we have discovered an early function of HSPB8 in response to stress that contributes to the controlled aggregation of polyubiquitinated proteins in a BAG3-independent manner, but that would facilitate efficient targeting of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates to the aggresome, which is BAG3-dependent. Our results suggest that HSPB8 functions in part, by modulating p62/SQSTM1 molecular assemblies and facilitating their coupling to BAG3. This, in turn, would promote microaggregate and aggresome formation and signaling to an important arm of the oxidative defense regulated by Nrf2. Besides, a BAG3 (P209L) mutant, located within an HSPB8-binding motif, appears to disturb the association between BAG3 and p62/SQSTM1, leading to down-modulation of stress-induced Nrf2 activation, a process that could contribute to the development of severe myofibrillar myopathies. Moreover, analyses of the dynamic of aggresome clearance during the recovery period suggest that it involves a first step of disaggregation followed by its catabolic degradation. We found that while BAG3 would contribute to aggresome clearance by a mechanism involving its autophagic function, HSPB8 appeared not to be involved and could rather slow down the process. In conclusion, this thesis highlight a novel role for HSPB8 in the spatial sequestration of harmful proteins, which could provide a platform to cross talk with stress signaling pathways. HSPB8 would uniquely cooperate with BAG3 in the targeting of microaggregates to the aggresome-autophagy pathway, in part, by favoring the coupling of BAG3 to the stress sensor p62/SQSTM1. Furthermore, this work has uncovered a novel role for the HSPB8-BAG3 chaperone complex in mounting of an efficient stress response, which may have implications in BAG3-related diseases, including myofibrillar myopathy and cancer.
Talbi, Saïd. "Stress thermique et mutagène chez une bactérie du sol résistante aux métaux lourds :Ralstonia eutropha CH34." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211922.
Full textConstantin, Miruna. "Étude spectroscopique des effets de stress thermique sur la membrane photosynthétique. Relations avec les données écophysiologiques." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112310.
Full textAit, Mou Younss. "Effets de différents stress physio/pathologiques sur l'activation des myofilaments à travers la paroi du ventricule gauche de différentes espèces." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T039.
Full textMaslard, Corentin. "Ouvrir la boîte noire de l'interaction entre le soja et ses communautés microbiennes lors de stress thermique et hydrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK045.
Full textLegumes are grown for their protein-rich seeds, which are used for animal feed or human consumption. Seed legumes do not need nitrogen fertiliser, thanks to their ability to fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with soil bacteria (rhizobium) in newly formed root organs called nodules. Legumes therefore play an essential role in the development of more sustainable agriculture and can help mitigate future climate change. However, their sensitivity to environmental stresses, particularly water stress and high temperatures, means that their yields are unstable, which can hamper their development in cropping systems. In the context of climate change, where periods of water stress and high temperatures are more intense and longer, it is necessary to improve the ability of grain legumes to maintain their growth in order to guarantee high levels of productivity.After identifying two soybean genotypes with contrasting root architecture, the two genotypes were placed under control conditions in non-sterile soil and subjected to water deficit and/or heat wave conditions.This thesis highlighted the complex responses of soybean to environmental stresses and revealed several key insights. Water and heat stress significantly influenced the plant's nutritional balance, with a close correlation observed between water flux intensity and mineral uptake, highlighting the crucial role of water in nutrient transport. The multi-omics approach provided an in-depth understanding of plant metabolism under stress, showing that conditions of combined stress lead to an increase in the potential catabolism and remobilisation of certain nutrient, which is essential for maintaining osmolarity and supporting adaptation to stress. Finally, this research revealed that stress conditions distinctly modify the microbial communities associated with different plant compartments. In particular, root and leaf microbiota responded differently under different stress scenarios, reflecting the nuanced interactions between plants and their associated microbial communities in the face of environmental challenges
Gué, Michelle. "Nature et origine des troubles moteurs gastrointestinaux liés aux stress acoustique et thermique : rôle de la corticolibérine." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30194.
Full textEl, Shafey Hatem Mohamed. "Identification du cofacteur métallique de la superoxyde dismutase de Corynebacterium glutamicum et clonage des gènes sodA et msrA et étude des régulations de l'expression sous stress oxydatif et radiatif." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112018.
Full textThe cytosolic SOD was purified. Experiences of metal substitution indicated that the substitution by manganese permitted the conservation of 84,9 % of specific activity, while the use of copper, iron, nickel, zinc did not permit to restore the activity. Thus the enzyme is a strict MnSOD (not-cambialistic). The sodA gene was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the chromosomal locus allowed the identification of a second gene possibly implicated in oxidative stress response (peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase encoding gene msrA) in the close environment of the sodA gene. The analysis of the promoter region sodA-msrA did not make it possible to highlight the putative sites of fixing of the eventual regulators except possible sites of fixing of OxyR and IHF. Expression of the E. Coli lacZ gene, as a reporter gene placed under the control of the upstream sequences of sodA and msrA, was followed as a reflect of sodA and msrA regulation. Integrative transductionnal fusions were transferred into the C. Glutamicum genome. Various stresses: oxidative stress, radiative stress, heat shock, in vitro addition of metals was tried, but no regulation was detected for sodA and msrA expression, but in the case of msrA during late stationary phase in response to heat shock, and in response to UV irradiation. An in silico study to seek eventual regulators in the genome of C. Glutamicum showed the absence of the homologues of soxRS and arcA, the presence of oxyR, and the presence of putative candidates for ahpC, ohrR, crp-fnr family, IHF, furA, IdeR, DtxR and mntR
Koskas, Sivan. "HSF1 promeut la transcription des ARNs non-codants télomériques TERRA et participe à la protection des télomères sous stress thermique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV052/document.
Full textIn response to metabolic or environmental stress, cells rapidly activate powerful defense mechanisms to prevent the formation and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates. The main orchestrator of this cellular response is HSF1 (Heat Shock Factor 1), a transcription factor involved in the up-regulation of protein-coding genes with protective roles. However, it is now becoming clear, that HSF1 function extends beyond what was previously predicted and that HSF1 can contribute to pericentromeric heterochromatin remodeling and activation as well as to efficiently support malignancy. In this study, we identify subtelomeric DNA as a new genomic target of HSF1 upon heat shock (HS). We show that HSF1 binding to subtelomeric regions plays an essential role in the upregulation of TERRA lncRNAs transcription and in the accumulation of repressive H3K9me3 histone mark at telomeres upon HS. Additionally, we demonstrate that HS significantly affects telomere capping and telomere integrity. We bring evidence of a partial TRF2 telomeric-binding factor dissociation and we reveal an accumulation of DNA damage at telomeres using the DNA damage marker H2A.X-P. In line with this, we bring solid evidences that under heat shock, HSF1 contributes to preserve telomere integrity by significantly limiting telomeric DNA damage accumulation. Altogether, our findings therefore reveal a new direct and essential function of HSF1 in transcription activation of TERRA and in telomere protection upon stress in human cancer cell lines. This work provides new insights into how telomeres are preserved under stressful heat shock conditions and allow us to propose a model where HSF1 may exert its protective function at telomeres via the expression of TERRA ncRNAs. Based on our results and given the important role of HSF1 in tumor development, defining the role of HSF1 with regard to telomere stability in tumor development already emerges as a promising challenge
Ragu, Sandrine. "Instabilité génomique et mort cellulaire induites par stress oxydatif et implication de la régulation redox chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112283.
Full textMaintaining genome stability is crucial for cell growth and cell survival. One type of genomic instability observed frequently in many cancers is gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). The absence of Tsa1, a key peroxiredoxin, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused the accumulation of a broad spectrum of mutations including GCRs, and synthetic lethality when combined with mutations in recombination repair pathway. Tsa1-associated GCRs were independent of the activity of the translesion DNA polymerases, but anaerobic growth conditions greatly reduced GCR rates of wild-type and tsa1 mutants, and restored the cellular viability of tsa1 rad51, tsa1 mre11 and tsa1 rad6 double mutants. Therefore oxygen metabolism and reactive oxygen species are important sources of DNA damages. However, the effect of oxygen tension on the GCR formation of different mutants depended on the genetic defect underlying the increased GCR rate. We identified that the mutation of gene TRR1 is the suppressor of tsa1 rad51. One hypothesis is that the absence of Trr1 induces nuclear accumulation of the oxidized and active form of Yap1 (transcription factor regulating the majority of the anti-oxidants in response to H2O2), resulting in increased intracellular antioxidant activities, which compensate for the absence of Tsa1. Consequently, triple mutant tsa1 rad51 trr1 becomes viable in aerobe. We further performed genetic and molecular biology experiments to verify this hypothesis. Our results show the importance of a fine redox regulation and the different facets of ROS
Qureshi, Aiman Mazhar. "Modélisation et aide à la décision multicritère du confort thermique en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0081.
Full textUrban areas are the prevalent places of residence for people and are vulnerable to exasperating weather conditions such as heat stress. Periods of heat waves are increasingly reoccurring in the current atmosphere, and they are known to pose a serious and major threat to the health of human beings all over the world. Urban heat islands and heat waves increase thermal risks in urban areas and the vulnerability of the urban population. The increase in the number of heat episodes in urban areas has become a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human health and economic activities. The objective of this work is to identify the sensitivity of thermal comfort and their action variables, the modeling of thermal stress using the most influential meteorological variables, the identification of risk factors and highlight the correlation of meteorological trends and influencing parameters, solutions for mitigating heat stress and mathematical support for decision-making. Several machine and deep learning techniques were used for the system dynamic modeling of the thermal comfort. Optimized results are obtained from the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model which is used for the development of a web simulation tool allowing the inhabitants to evaluate their level of comfort according to the weather conditions. A heat vulnerability index map has been developed to indicate the vulnerability of occupants considering different aspects in a medium-sized city such as planning, green space, density, energy, quality air, water bodies and extreme heat events. The obtained results highlighted that poor air quality and heat events are interrelated, which draws the attention for decision-makers to intervene the additional measures in high-risk places. Field monitoring is carried out using sensors and a thermal camera to measure relevant variables and take action to minimize the effects of heat stress. In Last, multi-criteria decision-making methods were applied for the initial development of a decision support tool for the selection of urban heat resilience interventions that allows flexible, dynamic, and predictive use for designers and the users
Chaufour, Sylvain. "Fonctions de la petite protéine de stress humaine lors de traitements par des agents différenciants et chimiothérapeutiques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10148.
Full textRosselin, Marie. "Design of amphiphilic nitrones with improved spin-trapping and antioxidant properties." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0258/document.
Full textOxidative stress is defined as an unbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defenses. The oxidative stress state has been associated with several pathologies such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases or cancers. To prevent oxidative stress-mediated damage, the use of synthetic antioxidants is attractive as it allows to tune their physico-chemical properties as well as their cellular targeting specificity. Of particular interest is the linear alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) which exhibits pharmacological activity against radical-mediated pathophysiological conditions and has been widely used as analytical reagent for the identification of radical species by the spin-trapping method coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In this thesis report, we first tried to improve the intrinsic antioxidant properties of PBN by grafting various substituents either onto the aromatic ring or the N-tert-butyl-group of the nitronyl function. The physico-chemical and biological properties of the compounds were then determined. With optimized nitrone derivatives in hand, the second part of this project consisted in improving the bioactivity and bioavailability of our nitrone agents using amphiphilic carriers or specific targeting ligands
Serviento, Aira Maye. "Réponses dynamiques des porcs en croissance au stress thermique modulées par la vie prénatale et les pratiques d'alimentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB360.
Full textHeat stress remains to be one of the major limiting factors in swine production in many countries and this concern will rise in the future especially with increasing global temperature and more frequent heat waves due to warming climate. While decreased growth is mainly related to a reduction in feed intake, other aspects of heat stress in growing pigs have emerged in the recent decades. The thesis thus aims to contribute to the current knowledge with the following objectives: 1) to investigate effect of a chronic prenatal heat challenge on pig’s heat tolerance, 2) to confirm direct and indirect effects of heat exposure on pig performance, 3) to evaluate feeding practices that can help pigs cope to a heat challenge, and 4) to explore the idea of maintaining thermal balance as a dynamic process that varies throughout the day. This thesis project has demonstrated that an imbalance between heat production and loss (heat load) results in reduced growth and in altered energy metabolism, physiological responses, and body composition. This later effect is exacerbated in pigs exposed to a chronic prenatal heat challenge. Improved heat tolerance in pigs was found to depend on their ability to maintain dynamic equilibrium between heat production and losses within a day, especially during and after a meal. Our results also confirmed the importance of water intake in improving evaporative heat losses in the ability of pigs to cope with heat stress. Nutritional management practices linked to modified feeding behavior were evaluated. Live yeast supplementation improved insulin sensitivity, increased heat loss efficiency under heat stress, and modified feeding behavior with positive effects on energy efficiency and protein deposition during a heat challenge
Vidal-Dupiol, Jérémie. "Stress environnementaux chez le corail scléractiniaire Pocillopora damicornis : du modèle expérimental à l'identification de marqueurs fonctionnels du stress." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608572.
Full textGonzalez, Marquez Humberto. "Réponse au stress acide chez Streptococcus thermophilus : purification, identification et caractérisation d'une protéine surexprimée." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0018_GONZALEZ_MARQUEZ.pdf.
Full textBelluau, Michaël. "Traits fonctionnels, tolérances et distributions des espèces herbacées sur un gradient de disponibilité en eau : une approche prédictive par modèle d'équation structurale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11584.
Full textAbstract : Species assembly (their presence/absence) in a natural community is the consequence of several filtering mechanisms made by the environment. Among these filters, the abiotic filter selects species able to tolerate local environmental conditions. Variation in water availability in the soil is one of the main environmental gradients according to which plant species are differently distributed. Considering the hypothesis that functional traits and their relationships are hierarchical, habitat preferences of species along environmental gradients should be determined by a combination of hierarchical physiological and morpho-anatomical traits. During this PhD, my overall goal is to identify morphological, anatomical and physiological drought tolerance functional traits that can predict the presence of species along a soil hydrology gradient. More specifically : (i) What are the physiological traits that best reflect drought tolerance? (ii) What are the relationships between morpho-anatomical traits and physiological traits of tolerance? (iii) What are the optimal morpho-anatomical traits for predicting tolerance of herbaceous species to drought? (iv) What forms of relationships exist between optimal morpho-anatomical traits of tolerance and the presence of species in drought condition? (v) Can the presence of species in drought condition be predicted from their morpho-anatomical features? Our results show (1) that it is possible to predict the distribution of species on a soil hydrology gradient from five physiological traits of drought tolerance. These five traits are maximum net photosynthesis, maximum stomatal conductance, water potential of the soil at the wilting point, stomatal conductance at the wilting point, and efficiency of water use at the wilting point. We have shown that (ii) the physiological traits of drought tolerance are predicted by optimal morpho-anatomical traits (leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content, root length and stomatal surface). (iii) Morpho-anatomical features alone are not good predictors of species hydrology and (iv) the sequence “morpho-anatomical traits physiological traits species hydrology” gives the best predictions. However (v) the model does not provide reliable predictions using morpho-anatomical traits measured under natural conditions. These results confirm, at least partially, the hypothesis that the distribution of species on a hydrological gradient can be predicted from their drought tolerance traits themselves predicted by their morpho-anatomical features. In summary, we used a functional approach by constructing a predictive causal model that allowed us to focus on environmental filtering mechanisms and more specifically on the role of the species hydrological niche in assembling plant communities.