Journal articles on the topic 'Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI)'
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NAGHAVI, Mohhamad Reza, Alireza POUR ABOUGHADAREH, and Marouf KHALILI. "Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices for Screening Some of Corn (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Environmental Conditions." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb539049.
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In order to study the effect of drought stress on eight cultivars corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial experimental on the basis of randomized complete block design under two irrigated conditions during 2010-2011 cropping season. Twelve drought tolerance/resistance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean production (GMP), mean production (MP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), relative drought index (RDI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) and modified stress tolerance (K1STI and K2STI) were calculated based on grain yield under drought and irrigated conditions. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Screening drought tolerant cultivars using ranking method, three dimensional plots discriminated cultivars ‘KSC720’, KSC 710GT and ‘KSC 700’ as the most drought tolerant. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into three groups i.e., tolerant, susceptible and semi-susceptible to drought conditions. In general, Results of this study showed that among drought tolerance indices STI, YI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars and ‘KSC720’, KSC 710 GT and ‘KSC 700’ had the highest tolerance to drought in our studies condition.
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Aditya, J. P., A. Bhartiya, R. S. Pal, L. Kant, and A. Pattanayak. "Identification of drought tolerant, high yielding rice genotypes for rainfed upland ecosystem of Uttarakhand hills through different drought tolerance indices." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/2/mrn-1844.
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Aim: To identify drought tolerant rice genotypes for rainfed upland hills at reproductive stage through different drought tolerance indices, PCA Biplot Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Methodology: Forty eight rainfed upland genotypes were evaluated under drought stress at reproductive stage and non-stress (irrigated) conditions. Different drought tolerance indices viz., drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), mean productivity index (MPI), relative efficiency (REI), mean relative performance (MRP), stress tolerance index (STI), drought yield index(DYI), stress tolerance (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI) and Schneider’s stress susceptibility index (SSSI)were used for screening genotypes. Results: The reduction in grain yield was observed in all the genotypes grown under drought stress condition and the per cent reduction in grain yield between stress and non-stress trial varied from 23.62% to 67.69%. The highest value of DTE was recorded in VL 20541 (76.38%) whereas VL 20441 showed the highest value for MPI (2656), REI (1.478), MRP (2.44) and STI (0.79). The lowest value of DYI (1.31), TOL (625), SSI (0.51) and SSSI (-0.23) was observed in VL 20541. Highest value for DTE, MPI, REI, MRP, STI and lowest value for DYI, TOL, SSI, SSSI are preferred and desirable as it indicate drought tolerance. A positive and highly significant correlation was exhibited by grain yield under stress (YS) with DTE, MPI, REI, MRP, STI and highly negative significant with DYI, TOL, SSI SSSI indicating that selection of low DYI, TOL, SSI, SSSI value and high DTE, MPI, REI, MRP, STI for screening of rice genotypes under drought stresses condition. Principal component analysis revealed that PC1 and PC2 accounted for 80.05% and 19.40% of the total variations, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the 48 rice genotypes into two main clusters. Interpretation: On the basis of drought tolerant indices, PCA Biplot analysis and Cluster analysis six genotypes viz., VL 20441, VL 20225, VL 20541, VL 20468, VL 8549, and VL 20316 were identified as drought tolerant.
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Abdi, Nishtman, Reza Darvishzadeh, and Hatami Maleki. "Effective selection criteria for screening drought tolerant recombinant inbred lines of sunflower." Genetika 45, no. 1 (2013): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1301153a.
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In this study, seventy two sunflower recombinant inbred lines were tested for their yielding ability under both water-stressed and well-watered states. The inbred lines were evaluated in a rectangular 8?9 lattice design with two replications in both well-watered and water-stressed conditions, separately. Eight drought tolerance indices including stability tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI) and yield stability index (YSI) were calculated based on grain yield for every genotype. Results showed the highest values of mean productivity (MP) index, geometric mean productivity (GMP), yield index (YI), harmonic mean (HM) and stress tolerance index (STI) indices for ?C134a? inbred line and least values of stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance (TOL) for C61 inbred line. According to correlation of indices with yield performance under both drought stress and non-stress states and principle component analysis, indices including HM, MP, GMP and STI could properly distinguish drought tolerant sunflower inbred lines with high yield performance under both states. Cluster analysis of inbred lines using Ys, Yp and eight indices, categorized them into four groups including 19, 6, 26 and 19 inbred lines.
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Zdravkovic, Jasmina, Zorica Jovanovic, Mladen Djordjevic, Zdenka Girek, Milan Zdravkovic, and Radmila Stikic. "Application of stress susceptibility index for drought tolerance screening of tomato populations." Genetika 45, no. 3 (2013): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1303679z.
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Investigation comprised 41 tomato genotypes originating from the population of domestic and domesticated genotypes collected in Serbia and belonging to the tomato collection of the Institute of Vegetable Crop Science, Smederevska Palanka. The aim of collection screening was to choose the genotypes tolerant to drought during plant intensive growth stage, whereby the process of selection would set out to obtain the recombinant genotypes for this abiotic factor. The screening criteria were established for genotype divergence in plant height and shoot-root ratio under conditions of optimal irrigation regime and drought. Divergence was estimated using cluster analysis with Euclidean distance as a measure of distance, with a complete gene attachment to grouping. Drought tolerance is expressed by the stress susceptibility index (SSI). Various results were obtained based on the screening of genotypes grown under optimal and dry conditions. As a measure of stress susceptibility, based on SSI, genotypes having different drought tolerance level were determined. On the grounds of the analyses carried out, 10 genotypes were segregated (G102, G104, G107, G109, G110, G119, G125, G126, G128 and G141) to represent a basis to obtain the recombinant genotypes and to initiate the selection for drought resistance.
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Rameeh, V. "Nitrogen Deficiency Stress Indices of Seed Yield in Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) Genotypes." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0020.
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Abstract Most of investigations showed that nitrogen fertilizers gave substantial rapeseed yield increases even in diverse and contradicting conditions but in a few studies were focused on nitrogen deficiency stress effects. Some of important seed yield stress indices based on application and non application of nitrogen (N+ and N0) was studied using six spring rapeseed varieties and their 15 F2 progenies. Significant mean squares of genotypes effects were observed for potential yield (Yp), stress yield (Ys), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI), indicating significant genetic differences of the genotypes for the stress indices. The genotypes including PF7045/91 and RGS003 had the high mean values of MP and GMP and STI, therefore considered as high potential parents in both nitrogen application conditions. On the basis of low mean value of TOL and SSI indices, PF7045/91 and 19H were considered as tolerant to nitrogen deficiency stress. Most of the crosses with high mean values of MP, GMP and STI had at least one parent with high mean values of these stress indices. Significant positive correlation of Yp and Ys with MP, GMP and STI, indicating selection based on these stress indices will increase the Yp and Ys of the genotypes. Heterozygosity had important role for stability of traits in different conditions, therefore in compare to parents their F2 progenies had low mean values of SSI and TOL indices.
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Priyanto, Slamet Bambang, Roy Efendi, and Ahmad Muliadi. "Efektifitas penggunaan beberapa indeks toleransi untuk menyeleksi jagung toleran nitrogen rendah." Jurnal Agro 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/20291.
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Keakuratan dalam seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan beberapa indeks seleksi secara sekaligus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi indeks toleransi yang sesuai untuk seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah serta memilih jagung hibrida toleran N rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di IP2TP Bajeng Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Kabupaten Gowa bulan April sampai dengan September 2021. Sebanyak 8 hibrida dan 2 varietas pembanding ditanam pada rancangan tersarang tiga ulangan. Genotipe tersarang pada taraf pupuk N. Taraf pupuk N meliputi 100 kg N ha-1 dan 200 kg N ha-1. Indeks toleransi meliputi Tolerance (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean (HM), Stress Tolerant Index (STI), Relative Tolerant Index (RTI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Yield Index (YI), Stress Relative Index (SI), Yield Stability Index (YSI), Stress Susceptibility Percentage Index (SSPI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks toleransi menunjukkan bahwa MP, GMP, HM dan STI merupakan yang paling sesuai untuk menyeleksi hibrida toleran N rendah. Hibrida HLN 02 dan HLN 06 merupakan hibrida yang toleran terhadap N rendah, sedangkan Hibrida HLN 03 dan HLN 07 dan ADV 777 termasuk peka. Berdasarkan hasil biji pada pemupukan 100 kg N ha-1 dan 200 kg N ha-1 dan indeks toleransi serta analisis kluster.ABSTRACTLow N tolerant hybrid maize selection accuracy can be increased by using several selection indices simultaneously. This study's objective was to identify the proper tolerance index for low N tolerant hybrid maize selection and to determine the low N tolerant hybrid maize. The research was conducted at IP2TP Bajeng Indonesian Cereal Crop Institute Gowa Regency from April to September 2021. Eight promising hybrid and two check varieties were planted in a nested design with three replications. The genotypes were nested at the N fertilizer level. The N fertilizer levels were 100 kg N ha-1 and 200 kg N ha-1. The tolerance index used was Tolerance (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean (HM), Stress Tolerant Index (STI), Relative Tolerant Index (RTI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Yield Index (YI), Stress Relative Index (SI), Yield Stability Index (YSI), Stress Susceptibility Percentage Index (SSPI). The results showed that tolerance index MP, GMP, HM, and STI were the most suitable for electing low N tolerant hybrids maize. hybrids HLN 02 and HLN 06 were low N tolerant; meanwhile, HLN 03 and HLN 07 and ADV 777 were susceptible based on yields at 100 kg N ha-1 and 200 kg N ha-1 fertilization, tolerant indexes, and clustering.
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Tyagi, Vikrant, and S. K. Dhillon. "Water use Efficient Sunflower Hybrids having Diverse Cytoplasmic Background." Helia 42, no. 71 (November 18, 2019): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2019-0014.
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Abstract A set of fifty two hybrids developed through line×tester breeding design were sown in randomized block design with three replications to evaluate their performance for seed yield under two environments (normal irrigation and water stress). Drought resistant indices and multivariate statistical analysis from the pooled data obtained from water stress and normal irrigated environments over the two years. Hybrid PRUN-29A × RCR-8297 (1.55) and 40A × P100R (1.55) had the largest stress tolerance index (STI) rate and hybrid ARG-2A × P69R the smallest rate (a high STI rate for the genotype represents its high drought resistance and its high yielding potential). Hybrid ARG-6A × P69R (2.41) had the largest extent (susceptible) of Stress susceptibility index (SSI), while hybrid E002-91 × RCR-8297 (0.13) had the least (resistant) extent a large extent of this index indicates the genotype susceptibility to drought. In terms of yield stability index (YSI), hybrid 40A × RCR-8297 (0.51) and ARG-6A × P69R (0.51) and hybrid ARG-2A × P69R (1.18) had the smallest and the largest rate respectively (genotypes with high YSI are expected to yield highly in stress conditions. Hybrid 40A × RCR-8297 (30.36) and PRUN-29A × P69R (−10.07) displayed the least and the most amount of tolerance index (TOL) index, a high amount of TOL is a sign of genotype susceptibility to stress. Hybrid PRUN-29A × P69R (1.53) displayed the least extent of yield index (YI), while hybrid ARG-6A × P69R (0.51) and 40A × RCR-8297 (0.51) displayed the highest extent.
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Wirnas, Desta, Usamah Jaisyurahman, Siti Marwiyah, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Heni Purnamawati, and Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo. "Seleksi Generasi Awal untuk Toleransi terhadap Suhu Tinggi pada Padi." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 48, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v48i2.30210.
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The impacts of high-temperature stress on rice growth and productivity can be mitigated by growing tolerant varieties. This research was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters and to select the best genotypes based on the susceptibility stress index (SSI) values. This research was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017. Half of the five weeks seedling tiller of each F3 plant was transferred to new pot culture so that each genotype of the F3 rice population grown in two pots. At the maximum vegetative phase, the parental and F3 populations were treated under two different temperatures: in the open ground area and inside a greenhouse with daily mean temperatures of 38.89/22.67 °C dan 41.62/23.32 °C, respectively. The traits observed were yield and yield components. The results showed that the grain yield of the parents and the F3 population were lower when grown inside the greenhouse. The filled grain number per panicle was controlled by additive gene action in these two environments, and is suggested to be a selection character. Selection based on SSI index obtained 13 genotypes tolerant to heat stress and had higher yield compared to their parents. SSD method combined with shuttle breeding is recommended as a breeding method to produce tolerant and high yielding lines.
Keywords: heat stress, heritability, segregating population, SSI
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Veronica, N., T. Sujatha, and P. V. Ramana Rao. "Identification of stress indices for screening of rice cultivars under high temperature." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, AAEBSSD (July 15, 2021): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17-aaebssd/266-272.
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Rice is an important cereal crop and its productivity is being affected by many abiotic and biotic stresses. High temperature affects the rice yield and productivity. Thirty rice genotypes were evaluated in normal and under high temperature stress conditions. There was reduction in grain yield in all the tested genotypes. Based on yield recorded under normal and high temperature conditions, yield based indices were calculated. Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Geometric Mean Production (GMP), Mean Production (MP), Yield Index (YI), Modified stress tolerance (K1STI and K2STI) were significantly and positively correlated to yield under both stress and non-stress conditions and could be considered as good selection indices for screening for heat tolerance. Genotypes were ranked based on their tolerant or susceptibility indices and it was noted that among all IET 28412, IET 28397 and IET 28432 exhibited highest mean rank and a lower standard deviation of rank, hence they can be identified as heat tolerant genotypes. Genotypes IET 26468, IET 28393 and Gontrabidhan-3 were identified as highly susceptible to high temperature stress.
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Khan, A. A., and M. R. Kabir. "Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, no. 4 (January 31, 2015): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0004.
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Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.
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Okasha, Salah A., and Mohamed H. Mubarak. "Evaluation of Some Sugar Beet Genotypes Under Drought Stress Based on Selection Indices." Journal of Agronomy Research 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-18-2083.
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This study was conducted to determine drought tolerant indices of some sugar beet genotypes under water stress and non-stress conditions. Nine sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) genotypes were tested in a Split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design in three replications under three levels of water stress 100%, 75% and 50% from plant requirements at the experimental farm Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt during 2015/ 2016 and 2016 / 2017 seasons. Twelve drought tolerance indices were used in this study, stress sensitivity index (SSI), stress tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean (GMP), harmonic mean (HM),yield stability index (YSI), yield index (YI), stress tolerance index (STI), sensitivity drought index (SDI), relative drought index (RDI), drought response index (DI) and stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI). GMP, MP and STI were more informative towards classification of better or superior genotypes with respect to tolerant and sensitive groups. The results showed that the genotypes with high STI, GMP and MP values were suitable for cultivation under drought stress and non-stress environments. Both Yp and Ys of root yield in the control-50% analysis had significantly positive correlated (P value<0.05) with MP, GMP, YI, HM and DI, This indicates that these indices were more effective in identifying high yielding genotypes under drought stress as well as non-stress conditions.Principal components analysis showed that the first two components in the control-50% analysis, genotype Bts 1237 and Temar were identified as the most stable high yielding genotypes in both environments
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Gomez-Pando, L., Ian Dood, Diego Zamudio Ayala, Denisse Deza Montoya, and Ana Eguiluz de la Barra. "Identification of bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) with tolerance to drought conditions at the central coast of Peru." Peruvian Journal of Agronomy 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i2.1964.
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Wheat is sown mostly in Peru, in areas above 3000 m altitude, under rainfed conditions and frequent drought problems during the crop cycle. It is a cereal used as a staple food by the families of small-scale farmers who are dedicated to their cultivation, which is why it is necessary to develop varieties with drought tolerance. This investigation had as objectives (1) to determine the yield potential of wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions, (2) to determine the susceptibility indices and drought tolerance, and (3) to identify drought tolerant genotypes. Nine genotypes introduced from CIMMYT and the commercial variety “Centenario” wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied in an environment with complete irrigation during the life cycle and another environment with terminal drought stress or deficit irrigation applied in the boot phase (Z4.0). A Random Complete Blocks design was used with three repetitions. Agronomic characteristics, quality evaluations were carried out following the established protocols for each characteristic evaluated and the stress tolerance indices (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance index (TOL), and stress susceptibility index (SSI), were determined. The reduction in the grain yield varied from 17.95 % to 33.27 % mainly due to drought. The SSI ranged from 0.65 (G-3) to 1.21 (G-6 y G-9), meanwhile the TOL ranged from 1 316.8 (G-3) to 3 142.68 (G-7). The MP, STI and GMP indexes allowed the identification of genotypes with the greatest tolerance to irrigation and stress conditions of the 5 genotypes: G- 1, G-2, G-7, G-8 and G- 10. These results are important for developing new varieties that adapt to drought conditions and to face climate change in the Andean region.
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Ali, Shiraz, Muhammad Zeeshan, Ghulam Nbi, Manzoor Hussain, Saadia, Muhammad Imran Khan, Waheed Arshad, Ali Nawaz, Amina Batool, and Muhammad Owais. "Anthesis and Booting: Two Critical Stages Vulnerable to Water Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) With Respect to Yield Production." Volume 5 Issue 1, Volume 5 Issue 1 (June 30, 2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34091/ajls.5.1.2.
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Six spring bread wheat varieties (AAS-11, BARS-09, Dharabi-11, Faisalabad-08, Chakwal-50 and Fatehjang-2016) and 4 elite lines of wheat (10FJ01, 12FJ26, 12FJ01 and 11FJS309) were analyzed with respect to water stress by providing them two types of treatments i.e., control (no stress) and strained treatment (20 days of stoppage of irrigation at booting and further 20 days of drought after anthesis) at Barani Agricultural Research Station, Fatehjang during 2017-18. Results of this study exhibited highly significant variations prevailed in all the wheat genotypes by viewing their mean performance with respect of all physiological and yield traits. AAS-11, Fatehjang-2016 and Dharabi-11 exhibited their best performance and pointed out elevated mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), relative water content (RWC) and geometric mean productivity (GMP). Moreover, stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance (TOL) was anticipated at lowest among the above-mentioned wheat varieties and lines. Based multivariate analysis (biplot) and dendrogram studies; AAS-11, Fatehjang-2016 and Dharabi-11 are most suitable wheat cultivars for drought tolerance at booting and anthesis stage. MP, STI, RWC, GMP, SSI and TOL are renowned to be favourable gauges for identification of drought tolerance wheat ideotype. Likewise, same wheat varieties also exhibited higher grain yield per plant that put them in higher ranked genotypes for making selections and recombination while improving wheat through breeding for drought resistant.
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Moradi, H., G. A. Akbari, S. Khavari Khorasani, and H. A. Ramshini. "Evaluation of drought tolerance in corn (Zea mays L.) new hybrids with using stress tolerance indices." European Journal of Sustainable Development 1, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2012.v1n3p543.
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In order to study the effect of drought stress on morphophysiologic characteristics,yield and yield components of 8 new hybrids of corn (Zea maize L.) and KSC704commercial hybrid as control resistant to drought and warm (which were bred andscreened in Khozestan province condition), an experiment was conducted in aRandomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications underdrought stress and normal irrigation at Khorasan-Razavi Agriculture ResearchCenter, Mashhad, Iran on June 10, 2011. The results of analyze variance showedthat under normal irrigation and drought condition, there was a significantdifference (p<0.01) between the hybrids. Mean comparison of hybrids revealedthat in normal irrigation H6 and in drought stress H8 hybrid had the maximumgrain yield (12.85 and 6.75 ton/ha, respectively). Based on the grain yields ofstudied hybrids, stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI),tolerance index (TOI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity(GMP), harmonic mean (HM) and golden mean (GM) were estimated. Resultsshowed that among drought tolerance indices, MP, GMP, STI and HM were thebest indices for corn and KSC704 hybrid and H4 had the highest tolerance todrought in Mashhad weather condition.
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RAMEEH, VALIOLLAH. "Genetic parameters assessment of siliquae associated with stress indices in rapeseed cultivars." Agronomy Science 67, no. 4 (December 4, 2012): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2012.4.4.
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The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic control and heritability of siliquae per plant at two places including without and application of nitrogen (Pp and Ps) and its related stress tolerance indices based on half diallel crosses of six spring rapeseed varieties. Significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) were detected for Pp and Ps and also the other related stress indices except tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI), indicating the importance of additive genetic effect. Significant mean squares of specific combining ability (SCA) were observed for all the studied traits except TOL indicating the importance of non additive genetic effects for them. Low narrow sense heritability estimates for Pp and Ps and also other associated stress indices except geometric productivity (GMP) indicated the prime importance of non additive genetic effects for these traits except GMP. Most of the crosses had significant SCA effects of siliquae per plant at non application of nitrogen condition, therefore selection of combinations based on SCA effect of Ps will be more efficient than SCA effect of Pp. The variations of SCA effects of the crosses for mean productivity (MP) and GMP are higher than the other stress indices, so selection of the crosses based on this two stress indices will have sufficient gain. High parent heterosis effects of TOL, STI and SSI were more variated than SCA effects, therefore selection based on high parent heterosis effects will be more efficient than SCA effects.
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Dodig, Dejan, Miroslav Zoric, Desimir Knezevic, Stephen R. King, and Gordana Surlan-Momirovic. "Genotype×environment interaction for wheat yield in different drought stress conditions and agronomic traits suitable for selection." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 6 (2008): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07281.
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Wheat cultivars grown in south-eastern Europe are exposed to variable rainfed environments. Climate change predictions indicate that the frequency of dry years will likely increase in the future. This study examined relationships among agronomic traits and some drought indices with grain yield as influenced by genotype and environment. In a 4-year experiment, 100 cultivars and landraces of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from different countries were tested under 3 watering regimes: fully irrigated, rainfed, and in a rain-out plot shelter. Three selection indices, mean productivity (MP), tolerance (TOL), and stress susceptibility index (SSI), were calculated based on grain yield in irrigated and drought-stressed conditions. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models were used to study the genotype × environment effects. Average yield reduction due to drought in the sheltered plots was 37.5%. High-yielding genotypes in each treatment showed high values of MP and high rank for SSI and, particularly, TOL. Conversely, low-yielding genotypes in each treatment had low values of MP and high drought tolerance according to SSI and TOL (i.e. low ranks). MP values were noted as being particularly well suited for predicting performance in this experiment. Total biomass and early vigour were found to be the most important agronomic traits for selecting high-yielding genotypes in a range of stress and non-stress conditions.
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Khyber, Jawed Aslam, Faiza Soomro, Wahid Dino Sipio, Abdul Wahid Baloch, Jay Kumar Soothar, Mukesh Kumar Sootahar, and Zahid Ali. "Evaluation of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance through Selection Indices." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 7 (August 2019): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.7.40.
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The current study was planned to identify drought tolerant bread wheat genotypes based on physiological and yield traits. In this context, a set of 12 genotypes (Sarsabz, NIA-Sundar, NIA-Amber, Sassui, Khirman, Marvi-2000, NIA-Sarang, Kiran-95, NIA-Sunheri, Bhittai, Bathoor-08 and Tatara) were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions. Mean squares from analysis of variance exhibited that genotypes, treatments and genotype x treatment interaction showed significant differences (P<0.05) for majority of the studied traits, indicating that there is significant variations are existed for physio-yield traits; therefore these genotypes may be preferred for further breeding programs in respect to drought stress. Regarding reduction percentage of genotypes under drought stress against normal water conditions, the minimum reduction was observed in Bathoor-08 for spike length and flag leaf area, Kiran-95 for grain yield plant, NIA-Sundar for seed index, Marvi-2000 for relative water content, Sarsabz for grains spike, whereas maximum but desirable reduction of stomatal dimension and density was displayed by Sarsabz and Tatara under water stress conditions, respectively. On the basis of drought tolerant indices, the genotypes Kiran-95, NIA-Sundar and Sarsabz showed lower values for tolerance index (TOL), trait stability index (TSI) and stress susceptibility (SSI), nevertheless it is believed that lower values of these indices show the less reduction in yield and its related traits due to water stress conditions hence can be tagged as tolerant genotypes for drought. Correlation results revealed that MP, SSI, TOL and TSI indices were correlated with grain yield under two conditions and they can be the appropriate indices for screening wheat genotypes.
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Mohammadi, Reza, and Abdolvahab Abdulahi. "Evaluation of durum wheat genotypes based on drought tolerance indices under different levels of drought stress." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 62, no. 1 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1701001m.
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Objectives of this study were to assess durum wheat genotypes for drought tolerance and to study relationships among different drought tolerance indices under different drought stress conditions. The total of twenty-two durum wheat lines was evaluated in a RCBD experiment with three replications for three cropping seasons (2008-2009; 2009-2010 and 2010-2011). Different drought indices such as tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), mean relative performance (MRP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), modified severity stress index (SSSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), relative efficiency index (REI) and drought response index (DRI) were determined based on yields under drought and non-drought conditions. The studied genotypes showed considerable variation in performance and tolerated various drought conditions that could be exploited in the durum wheat breeding program. The screening of genotypes for drought tolerance in environments with a greater value of stress intensity (SI) will be more efficient in the grouping of indices and genotype selection. The indices were classified into groups (G1 and G2). The group G1, which consisted of the indices REI, STI, MRP, GMP, DRI and YSI, distinguished genotypes with higher yield in different levels of drought stress. The durum breeding line nos. 1, 11, 10, 13, 8, 9, and 12 were superior based on the group G1 and could be regarded for further evaluation in drought-prone environments.
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Paula, Iancu, Păniță Ovidiu, and Soare Marin. "Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices and Nitrogen Fertilization for Some Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genotypes." Agricultural Science 1, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): p18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v1n1p18.
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Water is essential to maximize crop yield and quality. This natural resource has assumed huge importance, especially in the warmest areas, where drought and environmental degradation has affected agricultural production. In order to identify drought tolerance of some groundnut genotypes and to investigate the relationships between seed yield, quality and drought tolerance indices a study was made using 10 promising genotypes. The experiment was carried out during 2014-2017 and sowed under randomized block design with four replicates. It included three factors: two levels of irrigation (a1 – non - irrigated and a2 - irrigated), two levels of fertilization (b1 – non-fertilized and b2 - 100 active Nitrogen/ha) and genotype (C1-C10). Seed yield depending on the influence of the factor, varied from 535.95 Kg/ha (non-irrigated) to 2020.95 Kg/ha (irrigated); from 1055.30 Kg/ha (non-fertilized) to 1501 Kg/ha (fertilized) and from 1111.30 Kg/ha to 1388 Kg/ha depending on genotype. Same influence factors for protein content varied from 25.65% (irrigated) to 28.61% (non-irrigated); from 26.33% (non-fertilized) to 27.93% (fertilized) and from 25.59% to 28.52% depending on genotype. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) varied from 0.964 to 1.040; Stress Tolerance Index (STI) from 0.138 to 0.435; Mean Productivity (MP) from 883.5 to 1616.0; Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) from 750.3 to 1332.7; Tolerance index (TOL) from 933.0 to 1844.0; Harmonic Mean (HM) from 637.2 to 1099.0; Yield Index (YI) 0.777 to 1.308 and Yield Stability Index (YSI) from 0.236 to 0.309. High values of SSI, STI, YI, DI, RDI and SSPI indicate drought tolerance and those variants present high stability.
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Tyagi, Bhudeva S., John Foulkes, Gyanendra Singh, Sindhu Sareen, Pradeep Kumar, Martin R. Broadley, Vikas Gupta, et al. "Identification of Wheat Cultivars for Low Nitrogen Tolerance Using Multivariable Screening Approaches." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030417.
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A set of thirty-six wheat cultivars were grown for two consecutive years under low and high nitrogen conditions. The interactions of cultivars with different environmental factors were shown to be highly significant for most of the studied traits, suggesting the presence of wider genetic variability which may be utilized for the genetic improvement of desired trait(s). Three cultivars, i.e., RAJ 4037, DBW 39 and GW 322, were selected based on three selection indices, i.e., tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI), and yield stability index (YSI), while two cultivars, HD 2967 and MACS 6478, were selected based on all four selection indices which were common in both of the study years. According to Kendall’s concordance coefficient, the consistency of geometric mean productivity (GMP) was found to be highest (0.778), followed by YSI (0.556), SSI (0.472), and TOL (0.200). Due to the high consistency of GMP followed by YSI and SSI, the three selection indices could be utilized as a selection tool in the identification of high-yielding genotypes under low nitrogen conditions. The GMP and YSI selection indices had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield, whereas TOL and SSI exhibited a significant but negative correlation with grain yield under both high and low nitrogen conditions in both years. The common tolerant genotypes identified through different selection indices could be utilized as potential donors in active breeding programs to incorporate the low nitrogen tolerant genes to develop high-yielding wheat varieties for low nitrogen conditions. The study also helps in understanding the physiological basis of tolerance in high-yielding wheat genotypes under low nitrogen conditions.
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B, Ganbaatar, and Batbold S. "Drought resistance of spring wheat varieties." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28, no. 03 (December 30, 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v28i03.1301.
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Selection for drought tolerance typically involves evaluating genotypes for either high yield potential or stable performance under drought stress. In order to select drought tolerant varieties of bread wheat an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications during the growing season 2014-2018. Eight drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and drought resistance index (DI) were calculated and adjusted based on grain yield under drought years (Ys) and favorable years (Yp). Result of study showed significant positive correlation between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) with indicators STI, GMP, TOL, MP, and DI, accordingly they are discriminating drought tolerant genotypes at the same manner. Wheat varieties Darkhan-172, Darkhan-72, Altaiskaya-325, Altaiskaya-70, Darkhan-181 has a high yield potential. Genotypes Darkhan-160, Arvin, Darkhan-144 most droughts tolerant and can be use in wheat breeding for improving drought resistance.
Зусах зөөлөн буудайн сортуудыг ган тэсвэрийнүнэлэмжээр үнэлсэн дүнгээс
Судалгаагаар манай оронд өргөн тариалагдаж байгаа өөрийн орны селекцээр гаргасан болон гадаадын нийт 20 сортонд ган тэсвэрийн индекс:стресс тэсвэрийн индекс (SТI), тэсвэрийн индекс (TOL),стресс мэдрэмжийн индекс (SSI), ган тэсвэрийн индекс (DI)-ээрүнэлгээ өгсөн. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн ургац ба ган тэсвэрийн индексүүдийн хооронд эерэг нягт хамааралыг тогтоосон. Чийгийн хангамж сайтай жилд потенциаль ургацаар буудайн эртийн болцтой Дархан-172, дунд-эртийн болцтой Дархан-72, Алтайская-325, Алтайская-70, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-181 сортууд шалгарсан ба эдгээр сортуудыг селекцид хагас эрчимжсэн сорт гаргахад ашиглаж болно. Ган тэсвэр өндөртэй сортыг бий болгоходселекцид эртийн болцтой Дархан-160, дунд-эртийн болцтой Арвин, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-144 сортуудыг эх материалаар ашиглаж болно. Зусах буудайн Дархан-144 сорт нь гадаад орчны нөхцөлд дасан зохицох чадвар сайтай сортоор шалгарав. Түлхүүр үг: болц,сорт, ургац, стресс, индекс
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El Sherbiny, Heba Abdelhamid, Essam F. El-Hashash, Moamen M. Abou El-Enin, Randa Samir Nofal, Taia A. Abd El-Mageed, Eman Mohamed Bleih, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, and Ahmed Shaaban. "Exogenously Applied Salicylic Acid Boosts Morpho-Physiological Traits, Yield, and Water Productivity of Lowland Rice under Normal and Deficit Irrigation." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081860.
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The main constraint on rice cultivation in the Mediterranean area is the limited irrigation and its large water consumption. In addition, rice is very sensitive to drought conditions because of drought stress on morpho-physiological traits and yield reduction. The application of salicylic acid (SA) has been noticed to be very effective in alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress on rice. The current investigation was conducted as a split-split arrangement under a randomized complete block design with two lowland rice cultivars (Giza177 and Giza179) and SA as a foliar application at four concentrations (0, 400, 700, and 1000 µM) under normal and drought conditions. The results showed that plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, yields, and the most studied traits were significantly affected by irrigation (I), cultivar (C), and SA concentration (p ≤ 0.05 or 0.01). The interaction effect of I × C × SA was only significant on the carotenoids content (p ≤ 0.05). The reduction in grain yield and most studied traits was more pronounced under drought conditions. The Giza179 proved to be a drought-tolerant cultivar under all SA concentrations under drought conditions, while Giza177 was a drought-sensitive cultivar. The application of 700 µM SA gave the best grain yield in both rice cultivars under drought conditions compared to other SA concentrations. Grain yield for normal irrigation (Yp) and drought stress (Ys) conditions were highly positively correlated with indices of the mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), harmonic mean (HM), and golden mean (GOL). While they are highly negatively correlated with the indices of the stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield reduction ratio (YR), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), and abiotic tolerance index (ATI). It could be concluded that SA, as a growth regulator, could be used to alleviate the harmful effect of inadequate water availability in soil on rice cultivars as well as to improve the growth, water productivity, and grain yield.
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Ebrahimiyan, Maryam, Mohammad Mahdi Majidi, Aghafakhr Mirlohi, and Mahdi Gheysari. "Drought-tolerance indices in a tall fescue population and its polycross progenies." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 4 (2012): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11279.
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Development of drought-tolerant cultivars is hampered by a lack of effective selection criteria. In this research, drought tolerance of 75 genotypes of tall fescue in three sets (25 parental, 25 early, 25 late-flowering progenies) was evaluated under no soil moisture stress and soil moisture stress in the field during 2009 and 2010. Five drought-tolerance indices were calculated: stress tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), and stress tolerance index (STI). These calculations were based on forage yield (dry matter basis) under drought (Ys) and non-drought (Yp) conditions. Soil moisture stress caused significant reduction in forage yield. Considerable genetic variation for drought tolerance was found among genotypes. A moderately high relationship was found between Yp and Ys using regression analysis, with a clear relationship in the second year. Indices GMP and STI were found to be valuable aids in the selection of drought-tolerant, high-yielding genotypes. Plots of the first and second principal components identified drought-tolerant genotypes in each set. Results indicated that selection for drought-tolerant genotypes should be planned separately for first year (establishment stage) and second year (productive stage) in tall fescue.
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El-Hendawy, Salah, Nasser Al-Suhaibani, Muhammad Mubushar, Muhammad Usman Tahir, Yahya Refay, and ElKamil Tola. "Potential Use of Hyperspectral Reflectance as a High-Throughput Nondestructive Phenotyping Tool for Assessing Salt Tolerance in Advanced Spring Wheat Lines under Field Conditions." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 2512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112512.
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The incorporation of stress tolerance indices (STIs) with the early estimation of grain yield (GY) in an expeditious and nondestructive manner can enable breeders for ensuring the success of genotype development for a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, the relative performance of GY for sixty-four spring wheat germplasm under the control and 15.0 dS m−1 NaCl were compared through different STIs, and the ability of a hyperspectral reflectance tool for the early estimation of GY and STIs was assessed using twenty spectral reflectance indices (SRIs; 10 vegetation SRIs and 10 water SRIs). The results showed that salinity treatments, genotypes, and their interactions had significant effects on the GY and nearly all SRIs. Significant genotypic variations were also observed for all STIs. Based on the GY under the control (GYc) and salinity (GYs) conditions and all STIs, the tested genotypes were classified into three salinity tolerance groups (salt-tolerant, salt-sensitive, and moderately salt-tolerant groups). Most vegetation and water SRIs showed strong relationships with the GYc, stress tolerance index (STI), and geometric mean productivity (GMP); moderate relationships with GYs and sometimes with the tolerance index (TOL); and weak relationships with the yield stability index (YSI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI). Obvious differences in the spectral reflectance curves were found among the three salinity tolerance groups under the control and salinity conditions. Stepwise multiple linear regressions identified three SRIs from each vegetation and water SRI as the most influential indices that contributed the most variation in the GY. These SRIs were much more effective in estimating the GYc (R2 = 0.64 − 0.79) than GYs (R2 = 0.38 − 0.47). They also provided a much accurate estimation of the GYc and GYs for the moderately salt-tolerant genotype group; YSI, SSI, and TOL for the salt-sensitive genotypes group; and STI and GMP for all the three salinity tolerance groups. Overall, the results of this study highlight the potential of using a hyperspectral reflectance tool in breeding programs for phenotyping a sufficient number of genotypes under a wide range of environmental conditions in a cost-effective, noninvasive, and expeditious manner. This will aid in accelerating the development of genotypes for salinity conditions in breeding programs.
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MAWLONG, IBANDALIN, V. V. SINGH, BHAGIRATH RAM, PANKAJ GARG, REEMA RANI, M. S. SUJITH KUMAR, BISHAL GURUNG, and P. K. RAI. "Screening of advanced breeding lines for high temperature tolerance using biochemical parameters in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 8 (October 14, 2020): 1503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105949.
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A set of 30 advanced breeding lines of Brassica juncea were screened for heat tolerance in terms of biochemical parameters in field condition at ICAR-DRMR. The selection was based on (1) early sowing (ES) (September) when average soil temperature was 41ᵒC and atmospheric temperature was around 35ºC so that heat stress coincided with seedling growth and (2) normal sown (NS) (mid October) where soil temperature was 34.2ᵒC so that seedling growth did not coincide with any stress. Various biochemical parameters like total chlorophyll, total carotenoid content, total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and proline content were measured in leaves at flowering stage to evaluate the variability among the genotypes and comparison between ES and NS was done. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) categorized genotype NPJ-124 and DRMR-1165-40 to be highly tolerant. Correlation analysis among all the traits showed total antioxidant capacity to be significantly correlated to carotenoids and chlorophyll pigment levels showing the importance of these parameters as indices for screening.
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DODIG, D., M. ZORIĆ, M. JOVIĆ, V. KANDIĆ, R. STANISAVLJEVIĆ, and G. ŠURLAN-MOMIROVIĆ. "Wheat seedlings growth response to water deficiency and how it correlates with adult plant tolerance to drought." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 3 (April 25, 2014): 466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961400029x.
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SUMMARYImproving resistance to water and osmotic stresses at the seedling stage is becoming a much more important target for wheat breeders due to an increase in the frequency and severity of drought occurrences at the crop establishment and tillering phases in many wheat growing areas of the world. Ninety-six diverse wheat genotypes were laboratory tested for germination and growth response under osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Germination percentage, mean germination time, coleoptile length, shoot length and shoot growth rate were compared under stress (−0·4 MPa) and control (0·0 MPa) conditions. The same genotypes were previously grown in field trials exposed to drought stress during the anthesis and/or grain filling growth stage along with control (optimum) conditions. Grain yield (GY) and 19 other traits of agronomic importance (earliness, stem-related traits, number of kernels, mass of 1000 grains, etc.) were recorded. All seedling traits under PEG-induced water stress showed the highest relationship with the stem and stem-related traits of adult plants. To study the correlation between stress tolerance in the seedling and reproductive stages, three stress indices (tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI)) for the seedling traits and GY under pre- and post-anthesis drought stress were calculated, based on a mean trait value obtained under stress and the corresponding trait value under control conditions. The ranking of the genotypes based on TOL and STI from seedling traits was found in most cases to be significantly correlated with the ranking of genotypes based on TOL and STI from GY, respectively.
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Fatehi, Aref, Esmail Babarashi, Shahram Mehri, and Mehdi Salajegheh. "Evaluation of grain yield of wheat genotypes using stress tolerance indices." Genetika 54, no. 1 (2022): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2201379f.
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Drought hasunfavorable impacts on the success of agriculture in many parts of the world.Providing future populations with enough food would obviously require the evaluation of crop yield, higher potentials, and the provision of yield stability in drought-affected regions. In this research, the drought-tolerance of wheat genotypes was studied in a randomized complete block design and in a three-replication experiment under normal and drought stress conditions. In two consecutive growing seasons, the measurements wereaimed at evaluating the stress susceptibility index (SSI), drought tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP, stress tolerance index (STI, harmonic mean (HARM), yield index (YI, and genomic mean productivity (GMP). These parameters described the yieldsof different genotypes for two years and under both normal and stress conditions. The combined analysis of variance showed that the environment significantly affected grain yield. The mean values of parameters by the drought stress condition were less than those of the non-stress condition.Stress intensity (SI) was 46% and 43% in the first and second year, respectively.In both years, MP, GMP, STI and HARM indices correlated significantly with grain yield under stress and normal conditions. Based on a three-dimensional diagram of these indices, the pishgam and ws-82-9 genotypes were considered as most superior in the first year (both conditions).. Furthermore, the pishgam, alvand, and ohadi genotypes were considered as superior in the second year. According to the bi-plot diagram and based on the first two major components, these genotypes were more tolerant to drought stress. In general, it is suggested that the pishgam shows a higher level of yield sustainability. It was found to be the genotype with the highest yield under both normal and stress conditions. Its grain yield and resistance indices have increased during 80 years of breeding and selection.
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AKBAR, F., G. SUBKHAN, Z. ALI, M. ALI, B. ALI, K. KHAN, S. ALI, et al. "EVALUATION OF STRESS SELECTION INDICES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 5 (December 31, 2022): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.5.
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The research carried out under irrigated conditions during 2017–2018 estimated stress selection indices for morphological studies in wheat. Twenty wheat genotypes along with two checks (Pakhtunkhwa-2015 and Pirsabak-13) planted at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan, had two sowing dates, i.e., regular plantation made on 24 November and late plantation on 25 December 2017, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nine stress tolerance indices, viz., tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress intensity (SI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), and yield stability index (YSI) served as the basis for computation on each trait and every genotype under stress and non-stress conditions. Grain yield demonstrated a positive relationship with MP, GMP, HM, and STI under stress and non-stress conditions, which can serve as a better indicator for testing tolerant wheat genotypes. Overall, the maximum value of MP, HM, GMP, and STI, for days to heading displayed in genotype CDRI-PV-1: 113.00, 112.12, 112.56, 1.30; days to maturity in genotype PS-28 with 151.00, 149.24, 150.11, 1.28; for plant height in genotype PS-28 with 108.00, 107.94, 107.88, 1.27: for grain yield in cultivar PS-34 with 3983.89, 3958.96, 3934.18, 2.25, and for biological yield in genotype PS-23 with 11250.00, 10999.44, 10754.46, and 1.80, which specify that they are most stable and tolerant genotypes across both the planting conditions. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for most traits. Based on stress selection indices and mean performance in this experiment, PS-23, PS-33, PS-34, and PS-28 genotypes showed the best performance, and genotype Inq-91/FS(f8) resulted as the most stable performance and tolerance in stress conditions compared with other genotypes in stress selection indices. These genotypes could be beneficial in future wheat breeding programs to enhance the grain yield stability in bread wheat.
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Ayed, Sourour, Afef Othmani, Imen Bouhaouel, and Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva. "Multi-Environment Screening of Durum Wheat Genotypes for Drought Tolerance in Changing Climatic Events." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050875.
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Durum wheat is the most widely grown cereal in Tunisia, but its production is threatened by drought, which is exacerbated by climate change. This study aimed to identify drought-tolerant durum wheat genotypes from five modern varieties and six landraces in a multi-environment trial at two sites (Kef and Siliana, Tunisia) during three growing seasons under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Six drought tolerance indices (mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield stability index (YSI)) were used to evaluate the 11 genotypes. The environment was the dominant source of variation for grain yield (GY; 94.27%), followed by the environment × genotype interaction (4.06%) and genotype (1.65%). Cluster analysis based on GY identified four environment-based groups with distinct water treatments, extreme minimum/maximum temperatures, and rainfall. Principal component analysis and a correlation matrix revealed that drought tolerance indices significantly correlated with GY in non-stressed and stressed conditions and could be separated into four groups. Based on STI, MP, and GMP, G6 and G8 (landraces) were the most drought-tolerant genotypes attaining high GY in both conditions. TOL was able to discriminate G1, G3, and G5 (modern varieties) as well as drought-susceptible genotypes, all of which were suitable for irrigation. Genotypes G7, G9, G10, and G11 (landraces), which had high SSI and lowest STI, MP, GMP, and YSI values, were susceptible to drought and were thus not suitable for cultivation in both conditions. Finally, G2 and G4 (modern varieties), which had an intermediate rank for different indices, were classified as semi-tolerant or sensitive genotypes. Drought tolerance indices and genotype ranks were helpful tools to screen drought-tolerant genotypes with a large adaptation to a range of environments, namely irrigated and rainfed conditions (landraces G6 and G8), or genotypes with the ability to adapt (modern varieties G1, G3, and G5) to irrigated conditions.
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GOLKAR, Pooran, Esmaeil HAMZEH, and Seyed Ali Mohammad MIRMOHAMMADY MAIBODY. "Discrimination of drought tolerance in a worldwide collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes based on selection indices." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.1.1656.
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<p>Improvement of elite safflower genotypes for drought-tolerance is hampered by a deficiency of effective selection criteria. The present study evaluated 100 genotypes of safflower in terms of their drought tolerance over a period of three years (2016–2018) under both non-stress and drought-stress conditions. The eight drought-tolerance indices of tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), and harmonic mean (HARM) were calculated based on seed yield under drought (Y<sub>s</sub>) and non-drought (Y<sub>p</sub>) conditions. A high genetic variation was found in drought tolerance among the genotypes studied. The MP, GMP, and STI indices were able to discriminate between tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes. Plots of the first and second principal components identified drought-tolerant genotypes averaged over the three study years. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into three distinct groups using the drought tolerance indices. Ultimately, eight genotypes (namely, G<sub>3</sub>, G<sub>11</sub>, G<sub>13</sub>, G<sub>24</sub>, G<sub>33</sub>, G<sub>47</sub>, G<sub>58</sub>, and G<sub>61</sub>) from different origins were detected as more tolerant to drought stress suitable for use in safflower breeding programs in drought-affected areas. The most tolerant and susceptible genotypes could be exploited to produce mapping populations for drought tolerance breeding programs in safflower.</p>
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Andjelkovic, Violeta, Natalija Kravic, Vojka Babic, Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic, Zoran Dumanovic, and Jelena Vancetovic. "Estimation of drought tolerance among maize landraces from mini-core collection." Genetika 46, no. 3 (2014): 775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1403775a.
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Global climate change, its impact on stable food production in the future and possibilities to overcome the problem are the major priorities for research. Breeding varieties with increase adaptability to changing environments, together with better tolerance/resistance to abiotic stress, pest and diseases are possible solution. Maize is one of the most important crops, with high grain yield reduction induced by drought stress. In the present study twenty-six maize landraces from drought tolerant mini-core collection were tested under optimal, drought, and a combination of drought and high density stresses in the field. Morphological traits, plant height, total number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, anthesis-silking interval and grain yield were recorded for each entry in two replications in three experiments. Besides, drought tolerant indices were evaluated to test the ability to separate more drought tolerant accessions from those with less stress tolerance. Five stress tolerance indices, including stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility (SSI), and stress tolerance (TOL) were calculated. Data analyses revealed that STI, MP and GMP had positive and significant correlations with grain yield under all conditions. Three-dimensional diagrams displayed assignment of landraces L25, L1, L14, L3, L26, L15 and L16 to group A, based on the stress tolerance index and achieved grain yield under optimal, drought stress, and a combination of drought and high density stress. A biplot analysis efficiently separated groups of landraces with different level of drought tolerance and grain yield. Based on all obtained results, maize landraces L25, L14, L1 and L3, as the most valuable source of drought tolerance, could be recommended for further use in breeding programs.
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Mohammadi, R. "Genetic gain in grain yield and drought tolerance of durum wheat breeding lines under rainfed conditions in Iran." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.4.12.
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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic gain for grain yield, yield attributes and drought tolerance of 11 durum breeding lines and also to compare it with one modern cultivar and two durum and bread wheat landraces in contrasting environment groups in a period of four cropping seasons (2005–09) within the Iran/ICARDA joint project for moderately cold rainfed areas of Iran. The significant genotype × year interaction indicated that the average yield performance of genotypes across environments was not consistent over the years. Genetic gain (%) for grain yield was distinguishable between the stressed and non-stressed environments. A positive genetic gain (27.7 to 23.9%) was observed in the non-stressed environment and a negative genetic gain (−11.5 to −24.1%) in the stressed environment for the breeding lines, compared to the landraces, suggesting that the evaluation of breeding materials under non-stressed conditions should be continued. Unlike the modern cultivar, the landraces were low yielding, and less responsive to non-stressed environments for grain yield and yield attributes. The drought resistance indices, i.e. tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI), were better in landraces than breeding lines, while the drought tolerance indices, i.e. stress tolerance index (STI) and drought response index (DRI), were better in breeding lines. In contrast with landraces, the modern cultivar and the breeding lines showed significant changes for both grain yield and drought tolerance.
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Khatibi, Ali, Saeed Omrani, Ali Omrani, Seyed Habib Shojaei, Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi, Árpád Illés, Csaba Bojtor, and János Nagy. "Response of Maize Hybrids in Drought-Stress Using Drought Tolerance Indices." Water 14, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071012.
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This study was conducted to investigate the response of maize hybrids to drought stress and to select the most drought-tolerant cultivar compared to other hybrids. The experiment was performed on six maize hybrids in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under regular irrigation and limited irrigation in the vegetative and reproductive stages in Iran. Drought tolerance indices (TOL, MP, GMP, STI, SSI, and HAR) for the grain yield of genotypes were calculated, and principal component analysis was based on them. The results obtained from estimating the indices showed that the SC647 and KSC704 hybrids, while having good performance in both conditions, also have drought tolerance. Examining the correlation between drought tolerance indices and yield in both conditions, among the indices used to detect drought tolerance, STI, MP, and GMP indices can be considered suitable for selecting high-yielding hybrids in these conditions. The principal components analysis on the stress-tolerance index showed that MP and GMP indices could be used as the best indices with high coefficients to select stress-tolerance hybrids. SC647 and KSC704 hybrids were identified and selected as hybrids with high tolerance to moisture stress. The results of drought tolerance indices in the emergence stage of the crest showed that the KSC260 hybrid has the lowest level of stress sensitivity. SC647 hybrids showed the lowest susceptibility to drought stress in the ear emergence stage.
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Kunene, Sithembile, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Abe Shegro Gerrano, and Takudzwa Mandizvo. "Screening Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at the Germination Stage under Simulated Drought Conditions." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 3562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243562.
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc) is grown by smallholders and subsistence farmers in the marginal parts of sub-Saharan Africa. This legume is native to Africa and is cultivated throughout semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa. It is hardy and has been recognized as a nutritious food source in times of scarcity. Drought can negatively affect the germination or establishment of seedlings in the early stages of crop growth. Drought can limit the growing season of certain crops and create conditions that encourage the invasion of insects and diseases. Drought can also lead to a lack of crop yield, leading to rising food prices, shortages, and possibly malnutrition in vulnerable populations. A drought-tolerant genotype can be identified at the germination stage of Bambara groundnut by screening for drought-tolerance traits, and this knowledge can be applied to Bambara crop improvement programs to identify drought-tolerant traits during early growth phases. As an osmolyte, polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) reduced water potential and simulated drought stress in Bambara groundnut seeds of different genotypes. Osmolytes are low-molecular-weight organic compounds that influence biological fluid properties. In this study, 24 Bambara groundnut genotypes were used. Data were collected on seed germination percentage (G%), germination velocity index (GVI), mean germination time (MGT), root dry mass (RDM), root fresh mass (RFM), and seven drought tolerance indices: mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) as well as seed coat color measurements. The data were applied to the mean observation of genotypes under simulated drought conditions (Ys) and the mean observation of genotypes under controlled conditions (Yp). Germination%, germination velocity index (GVI), mass germination time (MGT), and root fresh mass (RFM) differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the two stress conditions. Bambara genotypes Acc 82 and Acc 96 were found to be the most drought-tolerant.
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ESHGHIZADEH, Hamid Reza, Morteza ZAHEDI, and Samaneh MOHAMMADI. "Differential Growth Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Elevated CO2." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10310286.
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Intraspecific variations in wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 was evaluated using 20 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The plants were grown in the modified Hoagland nutrient solution at a greenhouse until 35 days of age using two levels of CO2 (~380 and 700 µmol mol–1). The shoot and root dry weights of the wheat cultivars exhibited average enhancements of 17% and 36%, respectively, under elevated CO2. This increase was associated with higher levels of chlorophyll a (25%), chlorophyll b (21%), carotenoid (30%), leaf area (54%) and plant height (49.9%). The leaf area (r = 0.69**), shoot N content (r = 0.62**), plant height (r = 0.60**) and root volume (r = 0.53*) were found to have important roles in dry matter accumulation of tested wheat cultivars under elevated CO2 concentration. However, responses to elevated CO2 were considerably cultivar-dependent. Based on the stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI), the wheat cultivars exhibiting the best response to elevated CO2 content were ‘Sistan’, ‘Navid’, ‘Shiraz’, ‘Sepahan’ and ‘Bahar’, while the ones with poor responses were ‘Omid’, ‘Marun’, ‘Sorkhtokhm’ and ‘Tajan’. The findings from the present experiment showed significant variation among the Iranian wheat cultivars in terms of their responses to elevated air CO2, providing the opportunity to select the most efficient ones for breeding purposes.
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Tawab, Faiza, Afaq Ahmad, Adnan Nasim, Saleha Tawab, and Iqbal Munir. "Salt stress tolerance potential of selected rice cultivars of Pakistan." Genetika 53, no. 3 (2021): 1093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2103093t.
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Ten local rice varieties (Sarshar, Pakhal, Sada Hayat, Jajai-77, NIR-9, RI-DR-92, JP-5, Shaheen Basmati, Shadab-31 and TN-1) were evaluated for salinity stress (0, 50, 75 and 100 mM of NaCl) tolerance at seedling stage, in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). On an average the root length, shoot length and the relative growth rate of all rice varieties decreased linearly with increased levels of salinity. Based on the individual results of all the parameters studied, Pakhal was found to be the most salt tolerant variety. The germination rate of the varieties RI-DR-92 and TN-1 was better at higher levels of salinity (75 and 100 mM NaCl) among all the tested varieties. While, considerable reduction in germination rate was recorded for Jajai-77. The varieties RI-DR-92 and TN-1 that were more affected showing more reduction in shoot length (4.2 cm and 4.4 cm), root length (2.9 and 3.2 cm) and relative growth rate (0.22 and 0.14 g/gday), grown at 75 and 100 mM NaCl respectively. The variety Pakhal showed less reduction in shoot length (1.5 and 2.7 cm), root length (0.95 and 1.0 cm) and relative growth rate (0.073 and 0.075 g/gday), grown at 75 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively as compared to control. However, according to Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), TN-1 was observed to be the most tolerant and Jajai-77 was the most susceptible variety to salt stress. The most tolerant rice varieties differentiated in the current study could be used to produce higher yields under saline conditions.
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Zhao, Zhixin, Kunhui He, Zhiqian Feng, Yanan Li, Liguo Chang, Xinghua Zhang, Shutu Xu, Jianchao Liu, and Jiquan Xue. "Evaluation of Yield-Based Low Nitrogen Tolerance Indices for Screening Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050240.
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To screen the desired criterion to identify desirable genotypes and select genotypes best suited to limited nitrogen availability in order to facilitate the practice of low-nitrogen-tolerant breeding in maize, the response of 31 maize inbred lines, containing four control inbred lines (PH6WC, PH4CV, Zheng58, and Chang7-2) and others selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B heterotic groups cultivated at Northwest A&F University (Yangling, Shaanxi, China), were evaluated. The experiment was conducted following a split plot design with two replications during three growing seasons (2015, 2016, and 2017) under both high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions at the Yulin and Yangling in Shaanxi Province, China. Seven screening indices, based on grain yield under two contrasting nitrogen (N) conditions, the stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HM), and low nitrogen tolerance index (LNTI), were computed to assess the overall index that accurately screened the desirable genotypes. The results of the correlation analyses and principal component analysis showed that MP, GMP, HM and STI were correlated with grain yield significantly and positively under contrasting N conditions, and were able to accurately discriminate the desirable genotypes. Compared with the control inbred lines, many inbred lines selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups showed a higher LN tolerance. This shows that we can effectively improve the LN tolerance of maize inbred lines through LN screening. Based on the screening indices, the three-dimensional diagram and genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplots are agreed with this results, and we identified KA105, KB081, KA225, 91227, and 2013KB-47 as the desired genotypes that have the potential to be used to breed a high yield and stable hybrid.
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Salarpour, Mahdiyeh, Roohollah Abdolshahi, Hassan Pakniyat, Bahram Heidari, and Somayeh Aminizadeh. "Mapping quantitative trait loci for drought tolerance/susceptibility indices and estimation of breeding values of doubled haploid lines in wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 7 (2021): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20526.
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Water shortage and drought stress in the reproductive stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) considerably affect grain yield (GY). Mapping genes for drought tolerance assists in selection for drought improvement. In the present study, we evaluated breeding values based on best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) and drought tolerance/susceptibility indices (DT/SIs), and identified marker–phenotype associations in 220 doubled haploid (DH) lines. The DH lines were evaluated for GY and 1000-grain weight (TGW) under drought stress and well-watered conditions at the heading stage in 2015 and 2016. The linkage map comprised 1333 SSR, DArT and SNP markers with an average density of 2.18 markers per cM. The BLUPs were significantly correlated with GY of the lines. Significant correlations were found between stress tolerance score (STS) and drought response index, yield index, yield stability index, geometric mean productivity and stress tolerance index. The lines DH_R295 and DH_R360 had the highest breeding values for GY and STS. Major QTLs, one main effect and eight epistatic, were identified for the DT/SIs. A major QTL was identified for STS-GY, which explained 11.39% of the STS-GY variation in 2015. This QTL was co-located with QTLs for yield index-GY and yield stability index-GY within the BS00066932_51–gwm0314b marker interval (48 cM on 3B). The search for gene annotation showed that BS00066932_51 overlapped with protein-encoding genes. In conclusion, the QTL-linked markers help genotype selection for the improvement of drought tolerance, and they are good candidates for use in genomic selection.
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,, Sobir, Miftahudin ,, and Susan Helmi. "Respon Morfologi dan Fisiologi Genotipe Terung (Solanum melongena L.) terhadap Cekaman Salinitas." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 9, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.9.2.131-138.
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ABSTRACTCultivation of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) needs fertile soils to optimize the yield,however since the fertile land become limited, cultivation of eggplant needs to utilize sub optimal landssuch as salin soils. The objective of the research was to analyze morphological and physiologicalresponses of six eggplant genotypes (collection of the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies), todetermine the tolerance of genotypes to salinity stress to be used as tolerant parents in eggplantbreeding program. The research was a factorial experiment. It was designed as randomized blockdesign with two factors, which were genotype factor (6 genotypes) and salinity factor (0, 2-4, 5-7, 8-10 mS cm-1) with 5 replications. The research was conducted in greenhouse using pot. Themorphological evaluation included shoot length, number of leaves, fruit weight, number of branches,shoot biomass, root biomass, and the physiological characters included photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 intercelluler, leaf relative water contents, and prolineaccumulation. The results showed that salinity stress decreased all morphological as well asphysiological characters in all genotypes, except for proline accumulation that showed increase asthe salinity increase. Based on the stress susceptivility index (SSI), there was no eggplant genotypesclassified as tolerant to salinity. However, there were two eggplant genotypes, i.e., number 061 and072, classified as moderat genotypes to salinity stress.Keywords: proline, sensitive, stress susceptibility index, tolerantABSTRAKBudidaya terung (Solanum melongena L.) membutuhkan tanah yang subur untukmengoptimalkan hasil panen, namun karena lahan subur menjadi terbatas, maka dalam budidayaterung memerlukan pemanfaatan lahan suboptimal seperti tanah yang bersifat salin. Tujuan penelitianini ialah untuk menganalisis respon morfologi dan fisiologi enam genotipe terung, yang merupakanterung hasil koleksi Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika, untuk menentukan toleransi genotipe terhadapcekaman salinitas yang akan digunakan sebagai tetua toleran pada program pemuliaan tanaman terung.Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan faktorial yang dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompokyang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu faktor genotipe dengan 6 genotipe dan faktor perlakuan salinitas(NaCl) yang terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu 0-1, 2-4, 5-7, 8-10 mS cm-1) dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali.Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca sebagai percobaan pot. Karakter morfologi yang diamati adalahtinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot buah, jumlah cabang, bobot basah tajuk, bobot basah akar,sedangkan karakter fisiologis adalah laju fotosintesis, laju transpirasi, konduktansi stomata, CO2interselular, kandungan air relatif daun, dan akumulasi prolin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwacekaman salinitas menurunkan semua karakter morfologi dan fisiologis pada semua genotipe, kecualiakumulasi prolin yang menunjukkan peningkatan seiring meningkatnya cekaman salinitas.Berdasarkan indeks kepekaan cekaman (SSI), tidak ada genotipe terung yang tergolong toleranterhadap salinitas. Namun, ada dua genotipe terung, yaitu: 061 dan 072, tergolong genotipe moderatterhadap cekaman salinitas.Kata kunci: indeks kepekaan cekaman, proline, sensitif, toleran
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Bagwan, Juned Hanif, Ravindra Patil, Yashwantha Kumar, Manoj Dinesh Oak, and Sujata Tetali. "Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Emmer Based Wheat Double Haploid Lines Using Surrogate Traits and Stress Tolerance Indices." Current Agriculture Research Journal 10, no. 3 (January 5, 2023): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.10.3.09.
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Wheat is one of the major cereals and staple food cultivated worldwide, affected by severe environmental and climate changes. Global warming has led to significant variations in wheat production, accounting for losses up to 6.4% for each 1°C rise in temperature. Recurrent droughts in cultivable areas are anticipated to increase the risk of wheat yield loss by almost 12% by the end of the 21stcentury. The present study was undertaken to identify component traits contributing to drought tolerance and to evaluate wheat doubled haploid (DH) lines for drought tolerance using various stress tolerance indices. Fifty-three wheat DH lines and 11 check varieties were evaluated for grain yield, agronomic, physiological traits and drought tolerance indices under rainfed and restricted irrigation conditions in the 2019-20 cropping season. The results of ANOVA revealed that various yield contributing, agronomic and physiological traits showed highly significant genotypic variation. A significant positive correlation was observed between grain yield under rainfed (Ys) and restricted irrigation (Yp) conditions and geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a significant positive correlation between stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance (TOL). Based on PCA and cluster analysis, the test entries like DH 989 and DH 554, along with check cultivars NI 5439, NIAW 1415, DPW 621-50, were more stable in a rainfed environment while DH 807, DH 430, DH 435, DH 417 and DH 431 were highly adapted to restricted irrigation conditions.DH 66, DH 227,DH 931, DH 62, DH 942 DH 875, DH 134 and DH 179 were identified as susceptible genotypes. Cluster analysis also classified the genotypes into four groups, i.e., resistant, susceptible, tolerant and moderately tolerant to drought conditions. As per our study, few genotypes susceptible to drought exhibited yield reduction while the tolerant genotypes were stable, suggesting their genetic variability and utilization in a breeding program.
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Poudel, Ankur, Dhruba Bahadur Thapa, and Manoj Sapkota. "Cluster Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Based Upon Response to Terminal Heat Stress." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.17614.
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High temperature stress adversely affects plant physiological processes; limiting plant growth and reducing grain yield. Heat stress is often encountered due to late sowing of wheat in winter. Fifty wheat genotypes were studied for days to maturity, thousand kernel weight, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, and SPAD reading in alpha lattice design at Agriculture and Forestry University at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal with the objective to identify superior heat stress tolerant varieties after clustering them based on their response to heat stress. All the genotypes were clustered using reduction in thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for grain filling duration, area under SPAD retreat curve, maturity duration under normal condition, maturity duration at late sown condition, grain filling rate under normal condition and grain filling rate at late sown condition as variables and dendogram was prepared. UPGMA revealed that these genotypes formed five distinct clusters. The resistant genotypes and susceptible genotypes formed different clusters. The member of cluster 3 was found to be tolerant to terminal heat stress where as members of cluster 2 were found most susceptible to terminal heat stress. From this study genotype BAJ #1/SUP152 was found most tolerant to terminal heat stress. The genotypes belonging to superior cluster could be considered very useful in developing heat tolerant variety and other breeding activities.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 188-193
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Aktar-Uz-Zaman, Md, Md Ashraful Haque, Ashutosh Sarker, Md Ashraful Alam, Md Motiar Rohman, Md Omar Ali, Mariam Abdulaziz Alkhateeb, Ahmed Gaber, and Akbar Hossain. "Selection of Lentil (Lens Culinaris (Medik.)) Genotypes Suitable for High-Temperature Conditions Based on Stress Tolerance Indices and Principal Component Analysis." Life 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111719.
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Legumes, including lentil, are a valuable source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein and vitamins and minerals. Their nutritional characteristics have been associated with a reduction in the incidence of various cancers, HDL cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Among these quality parameters, lectins have been associated with reducing certain forms of cancer, activating innate defense mechanisms and managing obesity. Protease inhibitors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors have been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of certain cancers and demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory properties. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor has been associated with a reduction in hypertension. Therefore, legumes, including lentils, should be part of our daily food intake. However, high temperatures at the terminal stage is a major abiotic constraint leading to a reduction in lentil yield and seed quality. Thus, the selection of heat-tolerant genotypes is essential to identifying the potential for high yields with stable performance. To select lentil genotypes, an experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes including local landraces, advanced breeding lines, commercial varieties and exotic germplasm under stress and non-stress conditions from 2019 to 2020. This study was followed by a subset study involving screening based on a few physicochemical parameters and reproductive traits along with field performances. Different tolerance indices (i.e., stress susceptible index (SSI), relative heat index (RHI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), heat-resistance index (HRI), modified stress-tolerance index (MSTI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI) and stress susceptibility percentage (SSPI)) were used for the selection of the genotypes along with field performance. Biplot analysis was further performed for choosing the most suitable indices. Based on principal components analysis, the GMP, MP, RRI, STI, YI, YSI, ATI and MSTI indices were identified as the most reliable stress indicators, and these indicators might be used for distinguishing heat-tolerant genotypes. Based on the stress indices, the genotypes BLX 05002-3, BLX 10002-20, LRIL-21-1-1-1-1, LRIL-21-1-1-1-1-6 and BLX 09015 were selected as the most stable and heat-tolerant genotypes. In contrast, the genotypes LG 198, Bagura Local, BLX 0200-08-4, RL-12-178, Maitree, 91517 and BLX 11014-8 were selected as the most heat sensitive. Data also exhibited an average yield reduction of 59% due to heat stress on the lentils. Moreover, eight heat-tolerant (HT) genotypes (BLX 09015, PRECOZ, LRL-21-112-1-1-1-1-6, BLX 05002-3, LR-9-25, BLX 05002-6, BARI Masur-8 and RL-12-181), and two heat-susceptible (HS) genotypes (BLX 12009-6, and LG 198) were selected from the screened genotypes and subjected to further analysis by growing them in the following year under similar conditions to investigate the mechanisms associated with heat tolerance. Comparative studies on reproductive function and physiochemical traits revealed significantly higher pollen viability, proline accumulation, relative water content, chlorophyll concentration and a lower membrane stability index in HT genotypes under heat stress. Therefore, these heat-tolerant genotypes could be used as the parents in the hybridization program for achieving heat-tolerant transgressive segregation.
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Begum, F., R. Sultana, and A. Nessa. "Screening of drought tolerant foxtail millet (Setaria italica beauv) germplasm." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 48, no. 4 (March 8, 2014): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i4.18276.
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A field experiment on foxtail millet was laid out under irrigated and rainfed condition to screen semi drought tolerant lines. Parameters studied, like plant height, total dry matter accumulation and yield decrease under rainfed condition as compared to that under irrigated conditioned. It is observed that out of 19 lines, considering plant height stress index, seventeen lines showed tolerance above the test crop (Titas). The lines HYM 11/BSi 427, HYM 12/BSi 467, EM 15/BSi 467 and BSi I showed better tolerance than the test crop when dry matter stress index was considered. Nine lines out of 19 showed better yield stability ratio as compared to test crop (Titas). It is observed that greater the tolerance index, larger is the yield gap between normal and stress condition. Considering all the parameters like PHSI, DMSI , TOL, YS ratio, drought susceptibility index and also the visual observation, the lines BSi-1, EM 15/ BSi 467 and EM 8 /BSi 467 showed better performance than the test crop. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i4.18276 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(4), 265-270, 2013
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Jolanda Laisina, Jane Kathryne, Awang Maharijaya, Sobir Sobir, and Agus Purwito. "The In Vitro Screening of Drought Tolerant Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) of the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies - IPB collections." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.2.235.
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In supporting the replacement of potato varieties with the varieties that are adaptive to drought, effective and fast methods are needed. One of which is through in vitro screening of drought-tolerant genotypes. The aims of this research were to determine the appropriate concentration of sorbitol as a critical limit in the in vitro screening process of drought-tolerant genotypes, as well as to determine vegetative characteristics that could be used as indicators of in vitro selection and also to obtain in vitro drought-tolerant genotypes. To achieve these objectives, we used single-nodal explants of seven genotypes cultured for six weeks on MS media added with four levels of sorbitol concentration. Of the four treatments, sorbitol level that could distinguish susceptible and tolerant plants was 0.2 M sorbitol and at this concentration, the characteristics that showed significant interactions were plant height and root length, so that both characteristics could be used as selection indicators for the analysis of tolerance tests for the seven genotypes. The results of tolerance test using the analysis of relative decline and stress-susceptibility index (SSI) showed that PKHT4 and PKHT6 were the genotypes that were tolerant in vitro.
Keywords: drought tolerant, in vitro, Solanum tuberosum, sorbitol
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Elbashier, Elfadil Mohamed, Elfadil Mohammed Eltayeb Elbashier, Siddig Esa Idris2, Wuletaw Tadesse, Izzat S. A. Tahir, Abu Elhassan S. Ibrahim, Ashraf M. A. Elhashimi, Sefyan I. Saad, Amani Ahmed Idris, and Hala Mohamed Mustfa. "Genetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlations studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 672–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-05-2018-0048.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to study the genetic variability, heritability, heat tolerance indices and phenotypic and genotypic correlation studies for traits of 250 elite International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) bread wheat genotypes under high temperature in Wad Medani, Center in Sudan.Design/methodology/approachBread wheat is an important food on a global level and is used in the form of different products. High temperature associated with climate change is considered to be a detrimental stress in the future on world wheat production. A total of 10,250 bread wheat genotypes selected from different advanced yield trials introduction from ICARDA and three checks including were grown in two sowing dates (SODs) (1st and 2nd) 1st SOD heat stress and 2nd SOD non-stress at the Gezira Research Farm, of the Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan.FindingsAn alpha lattice design with two replications was used to assess the presence of phenotypic and genotypic variations of different traits, indices for heat stress and heat tolerance for 20 top genotypes and phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters. A wide range, 944-4,016 kg/ha in the first SOD and 1,192-5,120 kg/ha in the second SOD, was found in grain yield. The average yield on the first SOD is less than that of the secondnd SOD by 717.7 kg/ha, as the maximum and minimum temperatures were reduced by 3ºC each in the second SOD when compared to the first SOD of the critical stage of crop growth shown.Research limitations/implicationsSimilar wide ranges were found in all morpho-physiological traits studied. High heritability in a broad sense was estimated for days to heading and maturity. Moderate heritability estimates found for grain yield ranged from 44 to 63.6 per cent, biomass ranged from 37.8 to 49.1 per cent and canopy temperature (CT) after heading ranged from 44.2 to 48 per cent for the first and secondnd SODs. The top 20 genotypes are better than the better check in the two sowing dates and seven genotypes (248, 139, 143, 27, 67, 192 and 152) were produced high grain yield under both 1st SOD and 2nd SOD.Practical implicationsThe same genotypes in addition to Imam (check) showed smaller tolerance (TOL) values, indicating that these genotypes had a smaller yield reduction under heat-stressed conditions and that they showed a higher heat stress susceptibility index (SSI). A smaller TOL and a higher SSI are favored. Both phenotypic and genotypic correlations of grain yield were positively and significantly correlated with biomass, harvest index, number of spikes/m2, number of seeds/spike and days to heading and maturity in both SODs and negatively and significantly correlated with canopy temperature before and after heading in both SODs.Originality/valueGenetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlation studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature
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Rahman, MS, MA Malek, RM Emon, A. Hannan, and GHM Sagor. "Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes undre Salt Stress." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 24, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v24i2.55782.
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Three advanced lines (SB02, SB05, SB07) along with one tolerant (Lokon) and one susceptible check (Asswt) of soybean (Glycine max L.) were assessed for salt tolerance in terms of morpho-physiological traits and molecular markers (SSR). The experiment was conducted at seedling stage with four salinity treatments namely 0, 8, 12 and 16 dSm-1 following Completely Randomized design. All the genotypes displayed considerable reduction in their morphological traits, least affecting the tolerant one. None of the genotypes were survived at 12 and 16 dSm-1 stress condition. Among the lines tested, SB-02 and SB-05 were identified as salt tolerant at 8 dSm-1 based on salinity susceptibility index (SSI) scoring. These genotypes suffered less in reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and increase of Na+/K+ than the susceptible genotypes. For all the traits viz. shoot length, root length, total length, shoot fresh weiht, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, percent live leaves, chlorophyll content and Na+/K+ ratio, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than that of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). All the traits studied showed medium to high heritability ranging between 43.81% (SPAD) to 96.65% (shoot length). The genotypes were grouped into two clusters considering both Euclidian distance and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean analysis. Lokon, SB-02 and SB-05 are on the same cluster as tolerant, and SB-7 and Asset on the other as susceptible to salt stress. The molecular pattern using by SSR marker displayed an average number of 3.33 alleles per locus with PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) values ranged from 0.2688 (sat_655 and satt728) to 0.7680 (sat_210). The highest gene diversity was observed in sat_210 and satt237 and the lowest in sat_655 and satt728 with a mean diversity of 0.5733. The genotypes Lokon, SB-02 and SB-05 could be suggested as a potential germplasm source of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) analysis for the development of salt tolerant soybean variety. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2): 33-46
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Hasan, M. K., K. M. Nasiruddin, M. Al-Amin, and A. K. M. S. Hossain. "In Vitro Screening of Soybean Genotypes under Salinity Stress." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i2.15100.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity is one of the most limiting factors for successful crop production in in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Thirty eight soybean genotypes were screened at 8mMNaCl under in vitro condition. Salinity reduced Shoot dry weight, Root dry weight and Plant height. Salt susceptibility index was fully and positive correlated with percent reduction of total dry weight. Principal component analysis showed that the first two components were extracted that comprises of about 98.6% of the total variation in the genotypes. Based on the K-means clustering, 8, 6, 12 and 12 genotypes were categorized under cluster II, IV, III and I and considered as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible and susceptible which represents the 21, 16, 31.5 and 31.5%, respectively. Genotypes Shohag, AGS 313, PK 416, AGS 66, MACS 57, AGS 195, GC 308, AGS 129 were found relatively tolerant to salinity.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 207-212
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Rai, Rythum, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Streambank Erosion Susceptibility Index and Flood-prone Area Mapping along the Karra River, Hetauda, Central Nepal Sub-Himalaya." Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 7, no. 6 (January 8, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.76.7238.
Full textAbstract:
The Karra River, one of the major tributaries of the Rapati River, is the 5th order stream that extends for about 21.91 km length in 92 sq. km. of watershed area. It is situated in the southern region of the Hetauda City, which is under the rapid development as a settlement and industrial area. The Karra River area is frequently impacted by streambank erosion and flooding during the heavy rainfall in monsoon due to loosely consolidated sedimentary terrain of the Upper Siwalik Subgroup and the unconsolidated Late Quaternary Deposits, which are vulnerable to erosion. Morpho-hydraulic parameters and stream cross-sectional characteristics and parameters of streambank erosion susceptibility index (SESI) rating system were assessed along the Karra River at 19 transects. The rating of the SESI are based on bank angle, bank height ratio, root depth ratio, root density, surface protection, bank materials and characteristics of stratification. The flood-prone area map was prepared based on the morpho-hydraulic parameters of the stream based on the maximum bankfull depth. The ER and W/D ratio were estimated to determine the affinity of flooding and lateral instability of the stream. Near Bank Stress Index and SESI dealt with streambank erosion potential were assessed to estimate the streambank erosion rate.
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Attia, Mohamed Abd El-Hammed, Moamen M. Abou El Enin, Ayman M. Abou Tahoun, Fatma I. M. Abdelghany, and Rasha S. El Serafy. "Productivity of some barley cultivars as affected by supplemental irrigation under rainfed conditions." MAY 2022, no. 16(05):2022 (May 1, 2022): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.05.p3647.
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Barley is widely cultivated in the northern coasts of Egypt and in the newly reclaimed lands. The goal of this study was response of some naked barley cultivars with high yield potential using supplemental irrigation under rain-fed conditions at Al-Kasr area, Marsa Matrouh, North-Western Coast of Egypt. The growth, yield, and drought-tolerance indices of Giza 129, Giza 130, and Giza 131, barley cultivars were estimated under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation regimes (SI0: rainfall only; SI1: two supplementally irrigations at tillering and heading stages; SI2: three supplementally irrigations at tillering, stem elongation, and heading stages). Agronomic traits including yield components and drought indices for the studied barley cultivars were assessed. The results displayed that Giza 131 gave a higher performance in most studied characters under rain-fed and irrigation regimes. Also, it produced the highest tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), sensitivity drought index (SDI), mean productivity (MP), and geometric mean productivity (GMP). MP was positively correlated with YSI, GMP, DI, and HM. So, Giza 131 cultivar was identified as a drought-tolerant genotype. Moreover, the drought tolerance indices of TOL, YI, HM, SSPI, SDI, MP, and GMP are suitable for screening cultivars with high yields under stressed and non-stress conditions. The correlation analysis between the studied traits of barley indicated that highly significant positive correlation was obtained between number of spikes m-2 and grain yield. So, these traits are the most important components of the estimated grain yield of naked barley
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Rosyara, U., S. Subedi, R. Sharma, and E. Duveiller. "Spot blotch and terminal heat stress tolerance in south Asian spring wheat genotypes." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.57.2009.4.5.
Full textAbstract:
Terminal heat stress and spot blotch disease (caused by Cochliobolus sativus ) are the most important stresses responsible for significant yield losses every year in warm South Asian plains. Both of these stresses are very severe in late planted wheat, which is common in rice-wheat and rice-rice-wheat cropping systems. The development of genotypes tolerant to both stresses might be very useful for increasing yield and reducing yield losses. Information is limited on how different genotypes respond to both stresses (individually and combined) and on the degree of tolerance present in South Asian wheat genotypes. The study was done to evaluate the tolerance of South Asian wheat genotypes to both stresses by comparing the stress factor susceptibility index (SFSI). Eleven diverse South Asian genotypes were evaluated under spot blotch stress (non-fungicide protected plots), heat stress (late planted and fungicide protected), both stresses (non-fungicide protected and late planted) and normal planting situations (fungicide protected and normal season planted) at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Both stresses reduced the grain yield and thousand-kernel weight (TKW), but not other yield components, including grains/spike and spikelets/spike. Genotypes BL 1473, Gautam and NL971 were moderately to highly tolerant to both types of stress. Generally genotypes that are tolerant or resistant to spot blotch also showed tolerance to heat stress, suggesting a common physiological mechanism to combat both stresses in tolerant genotypes.