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Academic literature on the topic 'Stress photo-Oxydatif'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stress photo-Oxydatif"
Marchand, Christophe. "Utilisation de l'approche protéomique pour l'identification et la caractérisation de cibles de thiorédoxines chez Arabidopsis thaliana : Application à l'étude d'un stress photo-oxydatif." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T027.
Full textBoca, Simona. "Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to photo-oxidative stress : protection mechanisms of chloroplast membranes against lipid peroxidation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4005.
Full textUnder field conditions, plants are exposed to various environmental conditions that can lead to an excess of energy in the chloroplasts, resulting in the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). To cope with the harmful effects of ROS, plants have developed various protection mechanisms, such as alkenal-reductases, peroxiredoxins and lipocalins. The work performed in this thesis aimed at understanding their importance in the protection against lipid peroxidation. A first screening of Arabidopsis mutants lacking one of those mechanisms brought into light that 2-Cys PRX and lipocalins are important for the tolerance against photooxidative stress. This thesis is focused mainly on lipocalins, a group of proteins recognized as carriers of small lipophilic molecules. However, two true lipocalins have been recently identified in plants, the temperature-induced lipocalin (TIL) and the chloroplastic lipocalin (CHL), their expression beeing induced by various abiotic stresses. Each lipocalin appeared to be specialized in the responses to specific stress conditions in Arabidopsis, with AtTIL and AtCHL playing a protective role against heat and high light, respectively. The double mutant AtCHL KO × AtTIL KO deficient in both lipocalins was more sensitive to temperature, drought and light stresses than the single mutants. Seeds of the AtCHL KO × AtTIL KO double mutant were very sensitive to natural and artificial aging, and again this phenomenon was associated with the oxidation of polyunsaturated lipids. The results obtained in this thesis show that AtTIL and AtCHL have overlapping functions in lipid protection which are essential for stress resistance and survival
Burot, Christopher. "Etude de la dégradation des algues de glace et du phytoplancton d'eau libre en zone Arctique : impact de l'état de stress des bactéries associées à ce matériel sur sa préservation et sa contribution aux sédiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0047.
Full textArctic environments are highly endangered by global warming. The view of ice-free waters by 2050 raises important questions about the future of these ecosystems. Ice algae are the roots of the Arctic food chain and play a crucial role in the functioning of these environments. Because of their rapid fall and the low biodegradation activity of bacteria in these waters, ice algae contribute to the export of CO2 to the sediments. This study focuses on the effects of the physiological state of the bacteria associated with ice algae and the different stresses they undergo on the fate of the algal material. If our results showed the importance of haline, chemical and photochemical stresses on the poor physiological state of bacteria associated with ice algae, trophic interactions within the ice remain complex and the impact of global warming on them still needs to be investigated
Van, Rooij Mahaut. "Etude du rougissement hivernal du Douglas : entre températures douces & formation de glace." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0154.
Full textThe Douglas fir is the first reforestation species in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and the second in France as a whole, and is of considerable economic importance in France, where 13 million trees are produced each year. Winter reddening affects young Douglas-fir (< 15 years old), affecting up to 80% of the plantation. A reddening tree has no silvicultural future and typically dies within a year after reddening. The objectives of my PhD thesis were to have a better understanding of winter reddening by identifying the climatic parameters that trigger reddening and, more importantly, the physiological mechanism(s) that cause needle reddening.A thorough literature review and bioclimatic analysis were undertaken to identify critical climatic factors. The literature synthesis identified certain climatic conditions characteristic of 'reddening' years, including anticyclonic periods after winter and/or alternating cold and warm periods. Both the literature synthesis and the bioclimatic analysis identified a combination of climatic variables: warm daily temperatures, high daily temperature amplitude, at least moderate wind speeds and relative humidity. However, the freeze-thaw cycles with cold night temperatures did not emerge from the climate analysis, although they are mentioned in the literature.In order to understand how Douglas fir reddens, we first identified gaps in our knowledge of winter reddening and proposed potential mechanisms, either single or interacting, that cause this physiological disorder: 1) winter drought leading to hydraulic failure, 2) photo-oxidative stress, and 3) premature deacclimation. Under controlled conditions, young Douglas fir trees were exposed to winter drought through a temperature differential between roots and canopy (TSOIL < 5°C; TMOY_AIR ~ 14°C). Some of these trees were exposed to light intensities that could induce photooxydative stress (> 1800 PPFD). Cold soil temperatures induced moderate water stress by limiting root water uptake, while warm air temperatures caused water loss at the needle level. However, Douglas fir was able to acclimate to this new environment and even resumed growth. Exposure to high light intensity did not cause irreversible damage to PSII or photooxydative stress. No reddening of the Douglas fir was observed, thus refuting hypothesis 2, but partially supporting hypothesis 1, as the canopy was not exposed to freezing stress. In the field, continuous measurements of young Douglas fir diameter variation were coupled with temperature/humidity measurements from four plots in the Massif Central from December 2020 to June 2023. Spring frosts in April 2021 on deacclimated Douglas fir did not result in needle reddening or cambial damages, thus failing to validate hypothesis 3. Nevertheless, comparison of a asymptomatic winter (2021) with a asymptomatic winter i.e. with winter reddening (2022) revealed significant hydraulic stress generated from the apex, associated with an anticyclone period in January 2022. Hydraulic failure could be exacerbated by daily transpiration, combined with freeze-thaw cycles that increase hydraulic stress, leading to canopy hydraulic failure that could explain needle desiccation and reddening. We therefore favour hypothesis 1, which should be tested under controlled conditions
Saguet, Thibaut. "Le vieillissement cutané : caractérisation des capacités antioxydantes des fibroblastes et des kératinocytes humains en réponse à un stress photo-induit." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESAA003.
Full textUV A and B take part in photoaging by producing an oxidative stress, and the cutaneous keratinocytes and fibroblasts present antioxidant defence system. The basal antioxidant capacities of fibroblasts from young and adult donors show significant differences : superoxide dismutase activity is higher in fibroblasts from young donors and catalase activity is lower there. The fibroblasts resulting from adult donors are most sensitive to the UVB. The UV A cause an increase in lipid peroxidation in fibroblasts concomitant to an increase in superoxide dismutase activity. On keratinocytes, the UV A generate a reduced catalase activity. Differences between antioxidant defence systems in fibroblasts and keratinocytes appear after an UV A irradiation. Then, keratinocytes appear more resistant to the UV A
Kammerscheit, Xavier. "Rôles des glutathion-S-transférases chez la cyanobactérie modèle Synechocystis PCC 6803 First in vivo Evidence That Glutathione-S-Transferase Operates in Photo-Oxidative Stress in Cyanobacteria From Cyanobacteria to Human, MAPEG-Type Glutathione-S-Transferases Operate in Cell Tolerance to Heat, Cold, and Lipid Peroxidation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS402.
Full textCyanobacteria are environmentally-crucial prokaryotes that perform the (plant-like) oxygen producing photosynthesis, which use solar energy to assimilate a huge amount of CO₂ and minerals to produce a huge amount biomass (and O₂) that sustain a large part of our food chain. Furthermore, cyanobacteria are increasingly studied for a future ecologically-responsible production of high-value chemicals (drugs, perfumes, biodegradable bioplastics, biofuels…). The realization of this important objective requires a better understanding of the cyanobacterial tolerance to stresses. Furthermore, in colonizing most waters and soils of our planet, cyanobacteria are inevitably challenged by environmental stresses triggered by drastic changes of sun light (the overstimulation of photosynthesis generates toxic oxygen reactive species) or availability of minerals nutrient and/or pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides). In response to these stresses cyanobacteria have developed various strategies including the key metabolite glutathione and the glutathione-dependent enzymes glutathione-S-transferases that have been conserved through evolution from (cyano)bacteria to human.During my thesis, I have used a combination of techniques (genetic, biochemistry and cell physiology) to decipher the role of the six GSTs of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Very interestingly, I report that one GST (conserved in human) plays a crucial role in the detoxification of the methylglyoxal a toxic by-product of glucose catabolism that is involved in diabetes and neurological diseases. Another GST operates in the protection against heat (fever in human), cold and lipid peroxidation, while other Synechocystis GST are involved in photosynthesis and CO₂ assimilation. All these results are presented in three articles manuscripts (one already submitted for publication)