Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stress intense'
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1
Crotogino, Jennifer. "Visual stress in migraine : subjective and psychophysiological responses to intense visual stimulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38475.
Abstract:
This dissertation assesses whether intense visual stimulation can act as a stressor to migraine sufferers between attacks, and whether subjective and psychophysiological reactions to these stimuli can clarify how migraine attacks may be triggered.The first study assessed thresholds of light-induced discomfort and pain in migraine sufferers and non-migrainous controls during a non-headache period. Two instruction sets were compared to assess whether information presented to participants would affect thresholds. The results showed that migraineurs had significantly lower thresholds for light-induced pain. However, this effect was most apparent in those who had heard the negatively biased instructions reinforcing the need to control contextual factors when assessing subjective phenomena such as visual discomfort.
The second study assessed subjective and psychophysiological responses of female migraine sufferers and female controls during exposure to visual stimuli incorporating spatial and temporal characteristics that are most likely to be bothersome to migraineurs. Two control stimuli were included to assess responses during similar, but theoretically less aversive conditions. Migraine sufferers had higher heart rate and more frequent electrodermal responses than controls at all points of the study, including baseline and recovery. However, while migraineurs reported higher anxiety during the intense conditions, and reported more visual and somatic complaints than controls during various viewing conditions, they did not show heart rate, heart rate variability or electrodermal changes that would suggest clear changes in autonomic function in response to aversive visual stimulation.
The third study assessed ambulatory electrocardiograms to investigate whether autonomic changes would be evident in the period leading up to, during or following a migraine. Three individuals were assessed on a day when they experienced a naturally occurring headache, and on a day when they were not. No obvious pattern of autonomic change was detected before or after headache, although there was some evidence that a pattern of increased heart rate and decreased vagal tone may accompany headache.
In summary, the results confirm that migraine sufferers are more sensitive to intense visual stimulation than controls, but do not support the contention that exposure results in widespread autonomic changes. Since interictal visual discomfort is a common in migraine, further research is needed to clarify how it can be incorporated into models of migraine pathophysiology.
2
Salter, William Thomas. "Growing in Australia – plant strategies to survive intense solar radiation and soils lacking in phosphorus." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15479.
Abstract:
Sunlight is essential to plants as the main energy source for photosynthesis, yet excess light that cannot be processed in photosynthesis can be damaging. Australian plants are regularly exposed to very intense light, enriched in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, placing them at direct risk of photodamage. Low inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability, characteristic of Australian soils, can reduce the energy threshold of photosynthesis and exacerbate photodamage. Whilst intense light and low Pi are common in Australian ecosystems, relatively little is known about the strategies generalist plant species use to overcome these stressful conditions. This thesis addresses this gap in scientific knowledge, increases general understanding of plant stress responses and identifies traits associated with stress tolerance that could be exploited in future crops. This thesis investigates the individual and combined impacts of solar UV, light intensity and Pi availability on plant physiology, development and biochemistry in native and domesticated Australian plants. Spectral screens allowed assessment of plant responses to solar UV components; short-term responses to changes in Pi availability were investigated by adding exogenous P, and biochemical strategies to tolerate long-term Pi limitation were ascertained by using paired sub-alpine ecosystems with naturally contrasting availability of Pi. Throughout the studies reported in this thesis, it was clear that both native and agricultural plants have evolved strategies to cope with intense light and soils lacking in phosphorus. The biggest distinction was that these adaptive responses were adequate to alleviate potential reductions in photosynthetic rate for crop species, yet in native plants these responses reduced rates of photosynthesis. From an agricultural perspective, this suggests that genetically inherited traits from native plants could increase tolerance to environmental stress in crop species but at a cost to plant productivity.
3
Bartlett, Michelle. "Intense training in sport monitoring the effects on immune function and mood state /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4902.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 96 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
4
Sellami, Maha. "Etudes de l'avance en âge (deux décennies) et de l'entrainement anaérobie(sprint et musculation) sur les réponses métaboliques et hormonales à l'exercice supramaximal." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037945.
Abstract:
L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier les effets de l'avance en âge (seulement deux décennies, 20-40 ans) et d'un programme d'entraînement combiné (Sprint et Musculation) sur les performances et les réponses métaboliques et hormonales à l'exercice supramaximal (Wingate-test). Quatre groupes de sujets ont participé à ce travail. Ils ont été répartis selon l'âge en 2 groupes expérimentaux (âgés de 20 et 40 ans) et en groupes contrôles (âgés de 20 et 40 ans). Les résultats montrent que l'entraînement anaérobie de type sprint et musculation s'accompagne d'une augmentation significative du volume plasmatique chez le sujet entrainé (jeune et âgé). Ces changements du volume plasmatique ont été accompagnés par une augmentation des performances physiques et de la lactatémie pic mesurée à la fin de l'exercice Wingate chez les groupes entrainés. Des adaptations endocriniennes sont probablement à l'origine de ces modifications liées à l'entrainement intense. En effet, après entrainement, nous avons observé une augmentation significative des catécholamines (au repos et à l'exercice) chez les sujets âgés entrainés par rapport aux plus jeunes entrainés. La différence liée à l'âge entre jeune et âgée disparait après entrainement seulement entre les groupes entrainés. Le même constat a été observé concernant les concentrations plasmatiques de glucose et d'insuline chez les groupes entrainés après entrainement. Ces changements du métabolisme de glucose sont accompagnés d'une augmentation de la production du cortisol, de la testostérone et de son hormone porteuse chez le groupe âgé entrainé en particulier. La sécrétion de l'hormone de croissance (GH) a augmenté également en dépit de la différence d'âge après entrainement accompagnée de l'augmentation des taux d'IGF1 et d'IGFB3 chez le groupe âgé entrainé en particulier. En conclusion de ce travail de thèse, il semble qu'un entraînement adéquat de sprint et de musculation serait un bon moyen pour réduire et atténuer les effets délétères de l'avance en âge sur la performance anaérobie, les réponses métaboliques et les sécrétions hormonales.
5
Driss, Sana. "Effet d'un apport exogéne en resvératrol sur le stress oxydatif induits par un exercice physique intense chez des cyclistes." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1330/1/030168167.pdf.
6
Venturi, Linda. "Etude des propriétés de photoluminescence de nano-matériaux sous champ électrique intense." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR118.
Abstract:
Dans cette thèse, la tomographie à sonde atomique assistée par laser est couplée in situ à un banc de photoluminescence (PL), où le rayonnement laser pulsé est utilize pour déclencher l’évaporation ionique des échantillons et, simultanément, pour activer l’émission à partir des centres optiquement actifs présents dans le matériau. Pour ce travail, deux matériaux différents ont été sélectionnés : des nano-aiguilles de diamant avec des défauts optiquement actifs intégrés (centres de couleur) et une hétérostructure multi-quantique (MQW) ZnO / (Mg, Zn)O, qui contient des émetteurs quantiques d’épaisseurs différentes. Grâce à cette configuration originale de photoluminescence, l’influence du champ électrique sur la structure fine de certains centres de couleur, noyés dans les nano-aiguilles de diamant, a été observée. La première étude s’est concentrée sur le centre neutre de vacance d’azote (NV0), qui est l’un des centres de couleur les plus étudiés dans la littérature. L’évolution de la signature optique NV0, en fonction du biais appliqué, a permis d’évaluer la contrainte mécanique (> 1 GPa) et le champ électrique agissant sur les pointes de diamant. Ces résultats démontrent une nouvelle méthode originale pour effectuer la piezo-spectroscopie sans contact des systems nanométriques sous une contrainte de traction uniaxiale, générée par le champ électrique. Cette méthode a également été appliquée à un autre centre de couleur, dont la nature n’est toujours pas claire dans la littérature, émettant à 2,65 eV, et plus sensible que les centres de couleur NV0 au champ de contrainte / déformation. Des nouveaux résultats sur ses propriétés opto-mécaniques ont été obtenus, mais son identité reste à comprendre. Le champ d’évaporation du diamant étant très élevé, les nano-aiguilles de diamant n’ont pas été analysées à l’aide de La-APT. Par conséquent, la technique couplée in situ a été appliquée afin d’étudier l’hétérostructure ZnO / (Mg, Zn) O MQW, en accédant à la structure, à la composition et à la signature optique de l’échantillon sondé dans une seule expérience. Les spectres de photoluminescence acquis par le spécimen au cours de son évaporation en cours représentent une source unique d’informations pour la compréhension du mécanisme de l’interaction lumière-matière et la physique de la photoémission sous champ électrique élevé. La corrélation des informations structurelles et optiques, liées à cette hétérostructure MQW, démontre que la technique couplée in situ peut chevaucher la limite de diffraction du laser PL et que, comme pour les nano-aiguilles de diamant, il est possible d’estimer le stress de traction induit. Les résultats obtenus par couplage in situ de la technique La-APT avec la spectroscopie PL montrent qu’un tel instrument est une technique innovante et puissante pour effectuer des recherches à l’échelle nanométrique. Pour cette raison, ce travail peut ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives pour une compréhension approfondie de la physique liée aux systèmes étudiés en parallèle avec l’amélioration continue de la configuration expérimentaleIn this thesis, the Laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography is coupled in-situ with a photoluminescence (PL) bench, where the pulsed laser radiation is used to trigger the ion evaporation from the specimens and, simultaneously, to activate the emission from optically active centers present into the material. For this work, two different materials were selected: diamond nano-needles with embed- ded optically active defects (color centers) and a ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O multi-quantum-well (MQW) heterostructure, which contains quantum emitters of different thicknesses. Thanks to this original photoluminescence setup, the influence of the electric field on the fine structure of some color centers, embedded into the diamond nanoneedles, was observed. The first study focused on the neutral nitrogen-vacancy center (NV0), which is one among the most studied color centers in literature. The evolution of the NV0 optical signature, as a function of the applied bias, allowed to evaluate the mechanical stress (> 1 GPa) and the electric-field acting on diamond tips. These results demon- strate an original new method to perform contactless piezo-spectroscopy of nanoscale systems under uniaxial tensile stress, generated by the electric field. This method was applied also on another color center, which nature is still not clear in literature, emitting at 2.65 eV, and more sensitive than the NV0 color centers to the stress/strain field. New results on its opto-mechanical properties were obtained, but its identity still needs to be understood. Since the evaporation field of diamond is really high, the diamond nanoneedles were not analyzed using La-APT. Therefore the coupled in-situ technique was applied in order to study the ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O MQW heterostructure, accessing to the structure, composition and optical signature of the probed specimen in only one experiment. The photoluminescence spectra acquired by the specimen during its ongoing evaporation represents a unique source of information for the understanding of the mechanism of light-matter interaction and the physics of photoemission under high electric field. The correlation of the structural and optical information, related to this MQW heterostructure, demonstrates that the coupled in-situ technique can overlap the diffraction limit of the PL laser and that, as done for the diamond nanoneedles, is pos- sible to estimate the induced-tensile-stress. The results achieved by the in-situ coupling of the La-APT technique with the PL spec- troscopy show that such instrument is an innovative and powerful technique to perform research at the nanometric scale. For this reason, this work can open new perspectives for a deeply understanding of the physicics related to the studied systems in parallel with the continuous enhancement of the experimental setup
7
Tocchetto, Guilherme Lopes. "ADAPTAÇÕES FUNCIONAIS E BIOQUÍMICAS DE JOGADORES DE FUTSAL DE ALTO NÍVEL EM DIFERENTES PERÍODOS DA TEMPORADA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6736.
Abstract:
The high-level sport requires a routine of intense training, high-levels players are exposed to various situations that may cause decline in their performance over a season. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify functional and biochemical markers on elite level futsal players throughout a competition season. Eight players were analyzed statistically after being submitted to three maximal tests during the year: preseason (T1), competitive period (T2), and at the end of the season (T3). Functional parameters were assessed and blood sampling for cell count, lipid profile, inflammation, injury-related, and oxidative stress markers were performed before and after an maximum VO₂ test each time point. No differences were found for functional and lipid profile measurements. However, differences for total number of neutrophlis, monocytes, hemoglobin, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, ischemia modified albumin, and advanced oxidation protein products between time points throughout the season were found. Blood lactate and lactate dehydrogenase levels showed differences within pre x post tests. Lower levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury-related markers were found on T2 compared to T1 and T3, indicating that players were adapted to the training load. Although complementary studies are needed, it seems that routine-based biochemical markers may be used as training control means in this population.O esporte de alto nível exige uma rotina de treinamento intenso, jogadores de futsal de alto nível são expostos a diversas situações que podem provocar declínio na sua performance ao longo de uma temporada. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar marcadores funcionais e bioquímicos ao longo de uma temporada de competição. Foram estudados oito jogadores de futsal submetidos a três testes de esforço máximo durante o ano competitivo: Pré temporada (T1), Período Competitivo (T2) e Final de Período Competitivo (T3). Foram mensurados parâmetros funcionais e, também, amostras de sangue para contagem de células, perfil lipídico, marcadores de inflamação, dano muscular e estresse oxidativo realizados antes e depois um teste máximo de VO₂ em cada período. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros funcionais, nem no perfil lipídico. No entanto, foram encontradas diferenças relativas ao número de neutrófilos, monócitos, hemoglobina, creatina quinase, proteína c-reativa, albumina modificada por isquemia e produto proteico de oxidação avançada nos diferentes períodos da temporada. Lactato sanguíneo e lactato desidrogenase mostraram diferenças dentro dos testes pré x pós. Os menores níveis de inflamação, estresse oxidativo e marcadores de dano muscular foram encontrados no T2 em relação ao T1 e T3, indicando que os jogadores se adaptaram as cargas de treinamento. Embora sejam necessários estudos complementares, parece que uma rotina de análises de marcadores bioquímicos pode ser utilizada para um controle dessa população.
8
Heyrendt, Laurent. "Études des actions des forces magnétiques volumiques créées par un champ magnétique intense sur des fluides à seuil - possibilités de transition solide-gel." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799586.
Abstract:
Les fluides à seuil ont des propriétés mécaniques étonnantes : en dessous d'une certaine contrainte, appelée contrainte seuil, le fluide se comporte comme un solide. Au-delà de la contrainte seuil, ils s'écoulent comme un gel. Ce mémoire porte sur l'étude des actions des forces magnétiques volumiques sur ces fluides. Nous étudions la possibilité de réaliser la transition solide--gel à partir des forces magnétiques volumiques créées par différents dispositifs magnétiques. Ces fluides n'ont pas de propriétés magnétiques particulières. Il est donc nécessaire de créer des champs magnétiques intenses pour agir sans contact sur ces fluides. Nous étudions différentes configurations magnétiques capables de dépasser la contrainte seuil au sein du fluide. L'influence des différents paramètres des configurations magnétiques est explorée, notamment à l'aide d'études paramétriques. Notre travail mêle des équations de magnétostatique et de mécanique des fluides non-newtoniens. Les calculs de magnétostatique sont menés de façon analytique alors que la partie mécanique et le couplage magnéto-mécanique sont traités par un logiciel de simulation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis. Les conditions magnétiques et mécaniques nécessaires à la transition solide--gel et à la modification d'écoulements de fluides à seuil sont discutées, notamment à l'aide de simulations numériques et de nombres adimensionnels.
9
Delamare, Jeremy. "Analyses de deux stratégies d’acclimatation à un stress thermique intense reposant sur une thermo-sensibilisation ou une sensibilisation médiée par des bactéries PGPR chez le colza et la caméline." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC243.
Abstract:
Le changement climatique auquel nous sommes confrontés est caractérisé notamment par une modification des profils thermiques en termes d’intensité, de durée et de répétition des vagues de chaleur. Ces vagues de chaleur surviennent lors des stades reproducteurs des plantes qui sont également les plus critiques pour l’élaboration des composantes de rendement et des critères de qualité grainière des grandes cultures. Les oléagineux tels que le colza et la caméline sont des espèces particulièrement impactées par le stress thermique, causant de fortes pertes de rendement et une diminution de la qualité grainière. Ainsi, il est nécessaire d’identifier de nouveaux leviers d’acclimatation, telles que des stratégies reposant sur l’acclimatation des plantes. Le thermopriming consistant à préparer les plantes à répondre de façon plus rapide, efficace, intense et/ou sensible à un stress thermique par une exposition préalable à un stress de même nature pourrait permettre d’acclimater les plantes qui mettraient en place des mécanismes de réponses adaptés. L’inoculation des plantes avec des PGPR est un levier d’acclimatation de plus en plus étudié, qui permet de limiter les impacts du stress thermique. Cependant, bien que ces deux types de stratégies d’acclimatation soient principalement étudiés pour limiter l’impact des stress sur le développement des parties aériennes et sur le rendement, peu d’études se sont intéressées à leurs effets sur la morphologie et les fonctions racinaires comme l’exsudation racinaire. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons analysé chez le colza et la caméline (i) d’une part les effets d’une augmentation graduelle de température précédant un stress thermique, sur le rendement et la qualité grainière et sur la morphologie et l’exsudation racinaire et (ii) d’autre part les effets de l’inoculation de deux Pseudomonas présentant des activités PGPR afin de limiter les impacts du stress thermique sur le rendement et la qualité grainière. De plus, afin de connaitre l’impact du stress thermique et de l’inoculation de PGPR (combinés ou non) sur la plante et la rhizosphère associée, les effets de ces traitements ont été étudiés sur l’exsudation racinaire, l’allocation de carbone (C) dans le système sol-plante, les traits morphologiques racinaires et les communautés microbiennes du sol. Nos résultats ont montré que le colza et la caméline présentent des stratégies contrastées quant à leur réponse au stress thermique. En effet, la caméline semble réagir au stress en augmentant son investissement dans les parties racinaires, en améliorant qualitativement son exsudation et en stimulant l’activité des communautés microbiennes à l’inverse du colza qui semble plutôt endurer le stress. De plus, ces deux espèces ont réagi différemment aux deux stratégies d’acclimatation appliquées. En effet, chez le colza, le thermopriming a permis de diminuer l’exsudation en C et de maintenir son rendement et sa qualité grainière alors qu’il a eu un impact plus négatif sur l’exsudation et la morphologie racinaire chez la caméline. L’inoculation des PGPR est une stratégie d’acclimatation qui tend à limiter les effets du stress thermique sur le rendement et la qualité grainière chez le colza. Cependant, les PGPR agissent comme un puits supplémentaire chez le colza impactant son développement, son exsudation ainsi que l’activité et la composition des communautés microbienne. A l’inverse, la caméline est peu impactée par l’apport de PGPR et semble par conséquent piloter les interactions plante/bactéries plutôt que les subir. En résumé, ces leviers d’acclimatation semblent démontrer des effets bénéfiques pour les plantes. De plus, il pourrait être intéressant d’intégrer les effets de la sélection variétale sur les stratégies de réponses des plantes face au stress et notamment la variabilité des fonctions racinaires et des interactions avec la rhizosphère, à la lumière de la sélection variétale différentiellement subie par le colza et la camélineThe on-going climate changes that we are facing are characterized in particular by modifications of temperature profiles in terms of intensity, duration and repetition of heat waves. These heat waves occur during the reproductive stages of the crops, which are also the most critical for seed yield elaboration and grain quality in crops. Oleaginous species such as rapeseed and camelina, are species particularly impacted by heat stress that cause yield penalties and a lower seed quality. Therefore, to cope with heat stress, it has become necessary to identify new acclimation levers that differ avec genetic and agronomic levers, such as strategies based on plants acclimation. Thermopriming which consist in priming the plants in a way to help them respond more rapidly, effectively, intensively and/or sensitively to heat by a prior exposure of a stress of the same nature could allow the plants to acclimate and develop appropriate response mechanisms. The plant inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-type bacteria is also an acclimation lever increasingly studied, that limit the impacts of abiotic stress such as heat stress. However, although these two types of acclimation levers are mainly studied to limit stress impact on aboveground development and yield, few studies have observed their effects on root morphology and functions such as root exudation. In this thesis we analysed in rapeseed and camelina (i) the effects of a gradual increase in temperature prior a heat stress on yield and grain quality and on root morphology and exudation and (ii) the effects of inoculating two Pseudomonas with PGPR activities in order to limit the impact of heat stress on yield and grain quality. Moreover, in order to understand the impact of heat stress and PGPR inoculation (combined or not) on the plant and associated rhizosphere, the effects of these treatments were studied on root exudation, carbon (C) allocation in the soil-plant system, root morphological traits and soil microbial communities. Our results showed that rapeseed and camelina have contrasting strategies in terms of response to heat stress. Indeed, camelina seems to respond to the stress by increasing its investment to the roots thus improving the quality of exudation and stimulating the activity of microbial communities, unlike rapeseed, which seems to undergo heat stress. In addition, these two species respond differently to the two acclimation strategies applied. In rapeseed, thermopriming reduced C exudation and maintained yield and grain quality, whereas it had a more negative impact on exudation and root morphology in camelina. PGPR inoculation is an acclimation strategy that tends to limit the effects of heat stress on yield and grain quality in rapeseed. However, PGPRs act as an additional sink in rapeseed, impacting its development, exudation and the activity and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. By contrast, camelina is slightly affected by the addition of PGPRs and seems to control the plant/bacteria interactions rather than be affected by them. In short, beneficial effects on plants of these acclimation levers have been evidenced. In addition, it could be interesting to integrate the effects of varietal selection on plant response strategies to stress, and in particular the variability of root functions and interactions with the rhizosphere, in the light of the varietal selection differentially undergone by rapeseed and camelina
10
Lardant, Emma. "Hétérogénéité de la réponse à un stress de forte intensité : Évidences comportementale, neurobiologique et hypnique chez la souris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL003.
Abstract:
Le trouble de stress post- traumatique (TSPT) est un trouble mental qui affecte certaines personnes exposées à un stress de forte intensité. L’hétérogénéité d’expression des différents symptômes pourraient expliquer l’absence de traitement efficace et/ou la rechute des patients. Ces sous-types de symptômes sont associés à des activités cérébrales spécifiques, leur meilleure compréhension semble alors cruciale pour la recherche de traitement plus personnalisé et donc plus efficace. Dans ce contexte, le comportement de souris non consanguines a été évalué par plusieurs tests pendant 28 jours après avoir reçu deux chocs électriques de forte intensité. Une analyse des profils comportementaux en deux étapes a permis de révéler trois phénotypes chez les animaux exposés au stress de forte intensité. La première étape, basée sur un score composite des comportements de type anxiété généralisée, a permis de dissocier les animaux résilients et susceptibles et d’établir un score de sévérité des altérations comportementales. La seconde étape, axée sur les comportements de défense persistants lors de différentes réexpositions à des stimuli associés aux chocs électriques, a permis d’identifier deux phénotypes comportementaux chez les animaux susceptibles : Les immobiles et les fuyants. L’analyse de l’expression cellulaire de la protéine Fos a mis en évidence des activations cellulaires distinctes au niveau de l’amygdale (AMG) et de la substance grise périaqueducale (PAG). Plus précisément, la sévérité des altérations comportementales de type TSPT est corrélée positivement à l‘activation de l’AMG droite et les phénotypes susceptibles sont associés à des activations différentes le long de l’axe antéropostérieur de la PAG. Les analyses de sommeil mettent également en évidence des différences entre les trois phénotypes d’animaux. En particulier, le sommeil paradoxal semble être un marqueur de résilience post- exposition mais également un indicateur de susceptibilité au développement de la pathologie avant exposition. En conclusion, en montrant des activations cérébrales distinctes et des effets différentiels sur le sommeil dans les trois phénotypes d’animaux, cette étude montre l’importance d’analyser les profils comportementaux chez la souris. Le raffinement des méthodes d’analyses de ce type devrait renforcer la validité translationnelle du modèle de TSPT, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives pour des traitements plus personnalisésPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that affects some individuals exposed to high-intensity stress. The heterogeneity in the expression of various symptoms could explain the lack of effective treatment and/or patient relapse. These subtypes of symptoms are associated with specific brain activities; their better understanding appears crucial for the pursuit of more personalized and thus more effective treatment. In this context, the behavior of outbred mice was evaluated through various tests for 28 days after receiving two high- intensity electric shocks. An analysis of behavioral profiles in two steps revealed three phenotypes in animals exposed to high-intensity stress. The first step, based on a composite score of generalized anxiety-like behaviors, allowed for the differentiation of resilient and susceptible animals and the establishment of a severity score for behavioral alterations. The second step, focused on persistent defensive behaviors during different re-exposures to stimuli associated with electric shocks, identified two behavioral phenotypes in susceptible animals: immobile and fleeing. Analysis of the cellular expression of the Fos protein highlighted distinct cellular activations in the amygdala (AMG) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). Specifically, the severity of PTSD- like behavioral alterations is positively correlated with right AMG activation, and susceptible phenotypes are associated with different activations along the anteroposterior axis of the PAG. Sleep analysis also revealed differences among the three animal phenotypes. In particular, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep appears to be a marker of post-exposure resilience but also an indicator of susceptibility to pathology development before exposure. In conclusion, by demonstrating distinct brain activations and differential effects on sleep in the three animal phenotypes, this study highlights the importance of analyzing behavioral profiles in mice. Refinement of analysis methods of this kind should enhance the translational validity of the PTSD model, thus opening new perspectives for more personalized treatments
11
Heyrendt, Laurent. "Études des actions des forces magnétiques volumiques créées par un champ magnétique intense sur des fluides à seuil - possibilités de transition solide-gel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0224.
Abstract:
Les fluides à seuil ont des propriétés mécaniques étonnantes : en dessous d'une certaine contrainte, appelée contrainte seuil, le fluide se comporte comme un solide. Au-delà de la contrainte seuil, ils s'écoulent comme un gel. Ce mémoire porte sur l'étude des actions des forces magnétiques volumiques sur ces fluides. Nous étudions la possibilité de réaliser la transition solide-gel à partir des forces magnétiques volumiques créées par différents dispositifs magnétiques. Ces fluides n'ont pas de propriétés magnétiques particulières. Il est donc nécessaire de créer des champs magnétiques intenses pour agir sans contact sur ces fluides. Nous étudions différentes configurations magnétiques capables de dépasser la contrainte seuil au sein du fluide. L'influence des différents paramètres des configurations magnétiques est explorée, notamment à l'aide d'études paramétriques. Notre travail mêle des équations de magnétostatique et de mécanique des fluides non-newtoniens. Les calculs de magnétostatique sont menés de façon analytique alors que la partie mécanique et le couplage magnéto-mécanique sont traités par un logiciel de simulation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis. Les conditions magnétiques et mécaniques nécessaires à la transition solide-gel et à la modification d'écoulements de fluides à seuil sont discutées, notamment à l'aide de simulations numériques et de nombres adimensionnelsYield stress fluids have amazing mechanical properties: below a particular shear stress, called yield stress, the fluid behaves like a solid. Once the yield stress is exceeded, they flow like a viscous fluid or a gel. This thesis deals with the effects of magnetic volume forces on these fluids. We study the opportunity of the solid-gel transition from magnetic volume forces created by various magnetic devices. These fluids have no special magnetic properties. It is therefore necessary to create intense magnetic fields to act without contact on these fluids. We study different magnetic configurations that are able to exceed the yield stress in the fluid. The influences of different parameters of the magnetic configurations is explored, including using parametric studies. Our work combine equations of magnetostatic and non-newtonian fluid mechanics. Magnetostatic calculations are carried out analytically, while the mechanical and magneto-mechanical coupling are processed by a finite element analysis software. Magnetic and mechanical conditions required to the solid-gel transition and to the modification of yield stress fluids flows are discussed, using numerical simulations and dimensionless numbers
12
Donadieu, Emilie. "Stress oxydant et vieillissement de l'oreille interne." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20701.
Abstract:
Nous avons développé une technique de cryosections de cochlées de rats et de souris pour des applications histologiques et immunohistochimiques directes. Cette méthodologie nous a permis de réaliser une étude complète des altérations structurales de l’oreille interne en relation avec les pertes d’auditions liées à l’âge et liée à l’hypoxie ainsi que les causes moléculaires de celles-ci. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence l’important rôle du stress oxydant dans la dégénérescence de la cochlée. Le stress oxydant induit la production de radicaux libres de l’oxygène causant en plus des dommages directs sur l’ADN, l’ARN et les lipides, la mort cellulaire par apoptose de régions spécifiques de la cochlée telles que le ganglion spiral et le ligament spiral ainsi que des perturbations du cytosquelette des cellules neurales du ganglion spiral entraînant des pertes d’audition. Des phénomènes d’adaptations comme la néovascularisation interviennent aussi afin de lutter contre le stress oxydant entrainant ces pertes d’auditions liées à l’âgeWe have developed for the first time a cochlear cryosectioning method, which permit direct histological and immunohistochemical applications. This method allowed us to realise a complete and detailed analysis of the age-related hearing loss and hypoxia-induced hearing loss structural alterations and their molecular mechanisms. We thus determined the important role of oxidant stress in cochlea degeneration. Aside to the classical damages caused by ROS on DNA, RNA and lipids, the ROS induced apoptosis in selective cochlea regions such as the spiral ganglion and spiral ligament as well as cytoskeleton perturbations in neural cellules of spiral ganglion, all leading to hearing loss. In addition, adaptation mechanisms such as neoangiogenesis settled down in order to decrease against oxidant stress and slow down hearing loss
13
Anthin, Katarzyna, and Maria Trygg. "Moralisk stress hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskor." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25623.
Abstract:
Intensivvårdssjuksköterskor uttrycker upplevelser av moralisk stress i det dagliga arbetet och detta kan leda till utbrändhet eller behov av att byta yrke då de inte lyckas bemästra sin situation. Studiens syfte var att kartlägga moralisk stress hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskor med hjälp av Moral Distress Scale(MDS). Studien utfördes med en deskreptiv metod av tvärsnittsdesign där 45 sjusköterskor med intensivvårdsutbildning i västsverige tillfrågades att vid ett tillfälle besvara en enkät med en validerad svensköversatt MDS. Resultatet påvisade att det finns signifikant höga nivåer av moralisk stress hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskor yngre än 45 år(p=0,044) och även i gruppen med kandidat/-magisterexamen(p=0,003). De högsta nivåerna av moralisk stress kunde uppmätas när intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna ställdes inför situationer där de upplevde att ingen var beredd att fatta beslut om att avsluta livsuppehållande behandling. Bristande kompetens, "onödiga" behandlingar och resursbrist medförde också hög moralisk stress. För att motverka moralisk stress behövs enligt studier; debriefing, etiska vårdkonferenser och stöd från arbetsledningen. Denna studie kan bidra till att åskådliggöra moralisk stress och intesnifiera diskussionen samt skapa ett gemesnamt språk kring moralisk atress bland intensivvårdssjuksköterskor.
14
Gill, Fenella. "Paediatric intensive care nursing behaviours to reduce parental stress." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1028.
Abstract:
A child's admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is stressful for the family. Parental presence and involvement with their child in hospital have been recognised as important in reducing their stress. Several studies have identified parental needs in the PICU. Nurses have reported that they felt inadequately prepared to meet those needs. Although principles to guide nursing strategies have been identified, contextual behaviours of PICU nurses to reduce parental stress have not A qualitative study, using an ethnographic approach, was designed to describe contextual behaviours of experienced PICU nurses. Participants self identified their level of clinical practice to be at The Competency Standards for Specialist Critical Care Nurses (CACCN Inc., 1996). Fifteen nurses from six Australian PJCUs (two each in Brisbane and Sydney, one each in Melbourne and Adelaide) were interviewed. Recalled critical incidents identifying nursing behaviours to reduce parental stress were audiotaped, transcribed, analysed and interpreted. NUD•IST (version 4.0) was used to facilitate the initial data analysis. King's conceptual framework for nursing (1981), was used to illustrate the interactions of the interpersonal relationships between staff and parents and the effect of the culture within the PlCU. King's conceptual framework consists of three interacting, open systems; individuals as personal systems, two or more individuals forming interpersonal systems, and larger groups with common interests forming social systems or cultures. The nurses described parental stressors and behaviours. Nursing behaviours were anticipatory or in response to parental cues. Demonstrating empathy, sensitivity, caring and encouraging the parental role enabled rapport to be developed. Keeping parents fully informed, listening and talking through problems were also important stress reducing behaviours. PICU cultural behaviours, such as restricting parents' presence with their child, resulted in increased stress. The nurses found their role more difficult when parents were non English speaking, were of a different culture, religion or social background, or had long stays in the PICU. The nurses' personal challenges included the death of a patient, the need to remain impartial, and the pressure to always perform. The PICU nurses' ability to quickly establish rapport during a stressful time in the parents' lives was crucial to be able to reduce their stress. Many contextual nursing behaviours to reduce parental stress were described. However, consideration must be given to modifying those behaviours that increased parental stress. From both the perspective of positive and negative nursing behaviour, this study will enable nurses to be aware of behaviours that reduce and exacerbate parental stress in order to improve their practice in supporting parents.
15
Svensson, Amelie, and Anna Cancela. "Intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelse och hantering av stress." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-281.
Abstract:
Bakgrund: Intensivvårdssjuksköterskor upplever intensivvårdsavdelningen som en stressfylld arbetsplats. Patienterna är svårt sjuka och akuta situationer kan hastigt uppstå. Miljön är högteknologisk och har stundvis ett högt tempo. Tidigare stressforskning har visat att en ökad stressnivå har en negativ inverkan på hälsan. Stresshantering utgår ifrån problemfokuserade – eller känslofokuserade copingstrategier. Syfte: Att beskriva de faktorer som stressar intensivvårdssjuksköterskor, samt hur de upplever och hanterar denna stress. Metod: En kvalitativ ansats med fokusgruppsintervjuer. Fem intensivvårdssjuksköterskor deltog. Intervjun var ostrukturerad med två öppna frågor. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier och tio subkategorier framkom. Huvudkategorierna bestod av; Upplevda stressorer, Känslor och upplevelser av stress och Förmåga att hantera stress. Under intervjun framkom att stress framkallades under vissa arbetssituationer och i viss arbetsmiljö. Detta väckte känslor av frustration och maktlöshet hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna använde en rad olika copingstrategier såsom till exempel att söka stöd samt planera och organisera sitt arbete, för att hantera stressfulla situationer. Slutsats: Det framkomna resultatet visade att intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna upplevde känslan av att varken räcka till eller kunna påverka sin arbetssituation. Detta ledde i sin tur till frustration och stress hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna. Trots detta fanns en hög nivå av trivsel. För att hantera den uppkomna stressen valde intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna att söka stöd hos varandra som den främsta copingstrategin Klinisk betydelse: Framkommen kunskap ur denna uppsats kan vara av betydelse för yrkesverksamma intensivvårdssjuksköterskor och deras arbetsmiljö. Även chefer kan ha användning av denna kunskap för att kunna organisera och ge intensivvårdssjuksköterskor stöd.Background: Intensive care nurses perceive the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as a stressful workplace. Patients are critically ill and emergency situations can occur quickly. The environment is high-tech and occasionally a high tempo. Previous stress research has shown that increased levels of stress have a negative impact on health. Stress management is based on problem-focused - or emotion-focused coping strategies. The Aim: To describe the factors that stress critical care nurses, and how they experience and cope with this stress. Method: A qualitative approach with focus group interviews. Five critical care nurses participated. The interview was unstructured with two open questions. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main categories and ten subcategories emerged. The main categories consisted of: Perceived stressors, feelings and experiences of stress and ability to handle stress. During the interview revealed that stress was induced in certain work situations and in particular working environment. This caused feelings of frustration and powerlessness in ICU nurses. Critical care nurses used a variety of coping strategies such as seeking support and plan and organize their work, to cope with stressful situations. Conclusion: It originated results showed that intensive care nurses experienced the feeling of not enough or able to influence their work situation. This in turn led to frustration and stress among critical care nurses. Although this was a high level of comfort. To cope with the present stress chose critical care nurses to seek support from each other as the primary coping strategy Clinical significance: Arrived knowledge from this study may be important for professional’s intensive care nurses and their work environment. Although managers could use this knowledge to organize and provide critical care nurses support.
16
Cronqvist, Agneta. "The moral enterprise in intensive care nursing." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-942-0/.
17
Elgrably, Alonya, and Alonya Elgrably. "Improving Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia Management in the Intensive Care Setting." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626652.
Abstract:
Background: Uncontrolled stress-induced hyperglycemia has been shown to increase mortality,
prolong ICU length of stay, increase complications, and prolong ICU length of stay. The
inadequate management of stress-induced hyperglycemia in the intensive care setting is a
persistent gap in quality care.
Objective: To implement an evidence-based Stress-induced hyperglycemia protocol in the ICU
at NorthBay Medical Center.
Design: Descriptive design with pre-and post-intervention measurement.
Setting: The Intensive Care Unit at NorthBay Medical Center.
Patients: 22 patients with stress-induced hyperglycemia. Eligible patients had a blood glucose
level great than or equal to 150 mg/dL.
Intervention: Patients with a blood glucose level greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL were
started on sliding scale insulin therapy. Patients with a blood glucose level greater than 180
mg/dl the patient were started on an insulin infusion. If the blood glucose levels were <100
mg/dl, insulin therapy was discontinued to prevent hypoglycemia. Blood glucose levels were
integrated into ICU multidisciplinary rounds to ensure all patients with stress-induced
hyperglycemia were identified.
Measurements: ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, average high blood glucose levels,
and number of patients who met criteria but were not started on insulin therapy were measured.
Results: The average ICU length of stay pre-protocol implementation (M=4.18, SD=2.48) was
greater than the average ICU length of stay post-protocol implementation (M=2.18, SD=1.83).
This difference is statistically significant t (20) =2.15, p=0.044; d 0.95. There was no significant
8
difference between pre-protocol implementation hospital length of stay (M=9.27, SD=9.50) and
post-protocol implementation hospital length of stay (M=6.27, SD=3.82); t (20) =0.97, p=0.343.
There was no significant difference in average blood glucose levels pre-implementation (M=197,
SD=69) and post-protocol implementation (M=189, SD=40); t (20) =0.31, p=0.76. Over half
(55%) of the patients in the pre-implementation group met criteria for stress-induced
hyperglycemia, however, insulin therapy was not initiated by the ICU healthcare provider. Postimplementation,
there was 100% compliance with initiating therapy on those patients that met
criteria.
18
Steedman, Wendy Kate. "Stress experienced by parents from the neonatal intensive care unit." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2781.
Abstract:
The psychometric properties of this Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU) were assessed, before using the scale to describe stress experienced by parents in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The extent to which parental stress from the parent-infant relationship in the unit was linked to parenting they received as a child, and adjustment to their couple relationship, was also examined. The sample consisted of 182 mothers and 183 fathers, who were in a cohabitating relationship, of infants from the NICU at Christchurch Women's Hospital. The self-report questionnaires included the PSS:NICU, Parental Bonding Instrument, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and were administered to parents within 2-3 weeks of their infant's birth. This study extends the finding of satisfactory psychometric properties of the PSS:NICU (Franck, Cox, Allen & Winter, 2005; Miles, Funk & Carlson, 1993; Reid & Bramwell, 2003) to this New Zealand sample. Mothers experienced significantly higher stress from the unit compared to fathers (p < .01). A previous finding, for mothers, of the parent-infant relationship being the most stressful aspect of the unit (Franck et al., 2005; Reid & Bramwell, 2003; Shields-Poe & Pinelli, 1997) extends to the New Zealand sample. The most stressful aspect of the unit for fathers was sights and sounds. Lack of evidence was found for associations between parental stress from the parent-infant relationship in the unit and parenting received as a child, or adjustment to their couple relationship. A weak but significant negative correlation was, however, found between stress from the mother-infant relationship and maternal care received in childhood. It is unnecessary to provide all parents with intervention further to what is already being practiced in the unit, as overall low levels of stress were reported. Some parents, however, did find the unit more stressful, and they may benefit from increased intervention.
19
Fernández, Méndez Rocío. "GlyCon : glycaemic control of stress hyperglycaemia in intensive care units." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42920/.
Abstract:
Background and aims Untreated stress-induced hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients has been associated with harmful effects, which can even be fatal. Current evidence about the optimal glycaemic targets, and the most effective and safest methods of glycaemic control (GC) in intensive care units (ICU), is contradictory. GlyCon study aimed to investigate the effectiveness, efficiency and safety of the monitoring and insulin treatment methods for GC implemented in the seven ICUs of an NHS ICU network in the UK. In addition, GlyCon study also aimed to explore the contents of the local protocols for GC of these ICUs, as well as the views of ICU professionals about several aspects of GC. Methodology A multi-method study was undertaken, comprising three sub‑studies: (1) a document review of the protocols for GC designed by and implemented at each of the participating ICUs, using techniques of inductive content analysis and descriptive statistics; (2) an online survey to ICU medical and nursing staff, on their opinion about effective GC, and deviations from protocol instructions, which was analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression; (3) A retrospective study about the methods and outcomes of GC, based on a review of electronic and manual medical records of a stratified random sample of 146 patients admitted to the seven participating ICUs during 2012 and 2013. The main analyses of association between the exposures and the primary outcome measure (percentage of time with glycaemic levels of 4‑10mmol/L, or TIR, which was transformed into the odds of being within that range at any time, or odds of IR), were mainly based on generalised estimating equations using the logit link, and autoregressive correlation structure. Secondary outcome measures of time‑efficiency and safety were also investigated, and analysed using univariate statistics and multiple log‑linear regression. Results The protocols for GC implemented in the seven ICUs differed greatly in their target patients, target glycaemic levels, recommended methods for monitoring, and insulin titration algorithms, among others. Most of the 40 respondents to the survey agreed that TIR≥75% constitutes good GC and TIR < 50% constitutes poor GC. Opinions were divided on intermediate levels of TIR, with professionals having more experience in intensive care tending to rate such intermediate TIR as poor GC more often than their less experienced colleagues. Most of the proposed protocol deviations were considered as major by at least two thirds of the respondents. Professionals’ role (nurse vs. physician) and their number of years of experience were significantly associated with different views. The blood glucose (BG) monitoring frequencies and insulin hourly dosages, at each glycaemic status, differed by ICU, and between patients with and without diabetes. Non‑adherence to protocol instructions regarding BG monitoring and insulin infusion rates occurred more often than not. The median (IQR) TIR was 91% (81‑96%) and 56% (34‑71%) among patients without and with diabetes, respectively. A number of time-dependent and time-constant factors were associated with higher odds of IR at any time. Time-constant protective factors included: having spent more than 20% of admission time receiving insulin during hyperglycaemia, certain ICU protocols, and lower levels of severity on admission. Time-dependent protective factors were: the number of hours from admission, and the dobutamine and insulin hourly dosages. Time-dependent detrimental factors were: non‑adherence to protocol insulin instructions, the hourly nutritional energy administered, and the hourly dosage of certain drugs, including adrenaline and hydrocortisone. Conclusions Protocols for GC, practice of GC, and outcomes of GC, all differed significantly across hospitals. Some protocols seemed more effective, time‑efficient or safe than others, but there was a high incidence of non‑adherence to protocol instructions in all ICUs. This contrasts with professionals rating deviations from protocols as major, more often than not. Certain monitoring and insulin treatment methods for GC were more effective, and some were more time‑efficient than others, particularly among patients without diabetes. There is a clear need for protocols to include different recommendations for patients with diabetes, as well as to formally emphasise the importance of GC also in patients without diabetes. ICU multidisciplinary teams should be involved in the development of these protocols, and their views should be accounted for in research studies about the effectiveness of GC in the ICU.
20
Fläring, Urban. "Glutathione during stress in man /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-799-5/.
21
Pichard, Capucine. "Relation entre sport intensif et addiction." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066537.
Abstract:
Une pratique sportive apporte des bénéfices physiologiques et psychologiques mais des études montrent l’existence de relations entre la pratique sportive de haut niveau et l’abus de substance et une dépendance à l’exercice physique est soulevée. Nos travaux portent sur les liens entre les variations de l’activité physique et l’appétence pour l’alcool, dans une approche neurobiologique (souris) et psychogénétique (Homme). Nous émettons l’hypothèse que l’activité physique intense pourrait engendrer une augmentation de l’appétence pour l’alcool. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la compréhension des mécanismes de vulnérabilité impliqués dans les addictions lors d’une activité physique intense. Nous montrons que l'activité physique modérée, volontaire réduit la consommation d'alcool chez les souris C57BL/6J alors que l’activité forcée et intense ne la réduit pas, et n’a aucun impact sur la consommation d’alcool pour une lignée non génétiquement prédisposée (DBA/2J). De plus, nous nous sommes intéressés à la santé mentale des sportifs de haut niveau en étudiant la présence de troubles psychopathologiques (abus et dépendance). La comorbidité marquée autour de certains troubles anxieux (TOC, phobie sociale. . ), montre qu’il s’agit d’une population spécifique. Enfin, en approfondissant l’hypothèse d’une relation entre les variations de l’intensité de l’activité et le niveau d’appétence pour l’alcool, nous avons montré que la blessure apparaît comme un moment de fragilité associé à une vulnérabilité aux comportements addictifs (augmentation du niveau d’appétence). Les différentes évaluations réalisées pourraient aider à repérer des sujets à fort versus faible risque d’addiction parmi les sportifs de haut niveau.
22
Chen, Jane Y. "Stress in ICU and non-ICU nurses." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38019.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Nurses are subjected to occupational stress factors that can result in the syndrome of burnout. This study compared levels of burnout in nurses in a medical-surgical ICU setting to those in non-ICU medical-surgical settings. A randomized sample of 40 nurses of an urban hospital in Taiwan, twenty nurses in an ICU and 20 in five non-ICU settings (general medical-surgical wards), who returned the questionnaire used to measure burnout, were included in the study. The instrument utilized was the Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals. The study found no significant difference in levels of burnout in the two groups. Both groups in this study experienced a higher level of burnout than was reported in other studies in United States literature. In particular, two general medical-surgical wards which had high patient/nurse ratios, had very high levels of burnout. The study also found that all nurses with lower educational levels and ICU nurses with more years of work experience had more burnout.
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Bell, Cheryl Louise. "Stress in foundation year doctors : real-time observational, self-report and physiological investigation during the working day." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236440.
Abstract:
Work stress in doctors is an issue for the doctors themselves, their patients, and healthcare organisations as a whole. Previous research indicates that work stress is a cause for concern in trainee doctors in particular. While their stress has been largely attributed to organisational factors such as long working hours, a demanding workload and changeable work conditions, the specifics of when and why stress occurs, how it is experienced and its impact has not been thoroughly investigated. Recent advances in methods of tracking ambulatory changes in work activity, behaviour and physiological functioning make it possible to study correlates of stress as they occur. The studies presented in this PhD thesis use advanced technologies and methodologies with the aim of providing new information to quantify the working day of a trainee doctor and investigate in real time the possible determinants, correlates and patient safety relevant consequences of their stress. The PhD contributes methodologically by investigating the validity of standard measures of workplace stress, and by documenting and evaluating a complex real time protocol to measure workplace stress in doctors. Results from the main empirical study reported in this thesis reveal what a typical working day entails for doctors in their first postgraduate year. The tasks and situational factors they are most likely to find stressful are discussed in detail, as are the performance-related consequences of their stress. Based on these results, suggestions have been made for future research and practice, with implications for medical training and the development of future interventions to alleviate stress in trainee doctors.
24
Lindahl, Andreas. "Neuroendocrine Stress Response after Burn Trauma." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Plastikkirurgi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198466.
Abstract:
Some aspects of the stress response during acute intensive care for severe burns are described and quantified by measuring hormonal and neuroendocrine patterns and relating these to organ function in the short term. This includes an assessment of whether there are markers for the severity of stress that are better than conventional descriptors of the severity of a burn in predicting failing organ function. P-CgA after a major burn injury is an independent and better predictor of organ dysfunction assessed as SOFA score than the traditionally used TBSA% burned. The results also suggest that the extent of neuroendocrine activation is related to organ dysfunction, and this motivates a more extensive effort to evaluate P-CgA as a prognostic marker with respect to mortality and long-term outcome. P-NT-proBNP exhibited a complex pattern with considerable inter-individual and day-to-day variations. Values of P-NT-proBNP were related to size of burn, water accumulation and systemic inflammatory response. A considerable covariation with trauma response and SOFA scores was observed in day by day analyses, but with weight change only on day 2. Maximum P-NT-proBNP showed a stronger correlation with SOFA score on day 14, with mortality, and with LOS, than did age and TBSA% burned. High values were also independent predictors of all subsequent SOFA scores up to two weeks after injury. P-NT-proBNP and NT-proANP reflect and predict organ function after burn injury similarly, notwithstanding a significantly larger intra-individual variability for P-NT-proBNP. P-NT-proBNP, but not NT-proANP, reflects the systemic inflammatory trauma response. Free cortisol concentration was related to the size of burns, as was the circadian cortisol rhythm. This effect of burn size was, at least in part, related to its effect on organ function. This thesis points to the fact that the stress response is richly interwoven, and cannot be adequately assessed by one biomarker only. All biomarkers studied here can be viewed as representing efferent limbs of the stress reaction, and they would need to be supplemented by biomarkers representing individual physiologic responses that follow the stress signaling.
25
Peng, Niang-Huei. "An exploration of the relationship between stress physiological signals and stress behaviors in preterm infants during periods of environmental stress in the intensive care unit." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2008. http://etd.umsl.edu/r2801.
26
Smith, Sarah, and Sarah Smith. "Compassion Fatigue Among Rural Intensive Care Nurses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626635.
Abstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to conduct an educational workshop among ICU
nurses working in rural areas, to reduce risk of compassion fatigue.
Background: Compassion fatigue is a job-related hazard unique to professionals in caring professions such as nursing. Rural ICU nurses represent a population that may encounter unique triggers for the risk of compassion fatigue due to professional isolation, less resources and more risk of knowing the patient as a community member. A review of literature reveals limited research related to compassion fatigue development in rural ICU nurses.
Method: Two educational workshops were conducted among rural ICU nurses (N=3). Workshop content included discussion about symptoms, triggers, and outcomes of compassion fatigue, as well as positive coping strategies. Participants journaled physical and emotional responses to situations such as ethical or moral dilemmas, boundary issues, and aspects of self-care. Each workshop included time to discuss the educational content and participant experiences; the resulting narratives were analyzed for commonalities.
Findings: Universally, burnout was viewed as inherent to the profession. All participants recounted past traumatic patient encounters that preoccupies their thinking when in similar situations. Symptoms identified as compassion fatigue included chronic, constant, generalized pain, symptoms of depression, isolation, withdrawal and lack of interest in enjoyable activities. Triggers were prolonged patient hospitalizations due to lack of resources, lack of supporting services, lack of leadership support, unexpected patient loss, witnessing patient trauma and grief, caring for patients who did not seem to really need ICU, social situations surrounding patients
10
and floating to different departments. Increased alcohol intake, sarcasm, and venting were the most reported mitigation strategies among participants.
Implications: Compassion fatigue negatively impacts the lives of rural ICU nurses on many dimensions, although it is perceived as inherent to the profession. These participants desired support from nursing leadership and a supportive work environment. Participants expressed they continued to feel compassion, despite experiencing the phenomenon described as compassion fatigue. A less stigmatizing term might better capture the phenomenon now labeled as compassion fatigue.
27
Jansson, Nina. "Upplevelser av stress och stresshantering bland intensivvårdssjuksköterskor." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5911.
Abstract:
Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva i vilka situationer IVA-sjuksköterskor upplever stress och hur de hanterar stressen i det vardagliga arbetet. Studien hade en beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats. I studien deltog 10 intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Inklusionskriterierna var att sjuksköterskorna skulle ha en specialistutbildning, och de skulle ha arbetat mer än ett år som intensivvårdsjuksköterska. Data samlades in med en semistrukturerad intervju som varade mellan 7 till 25 minuter. De teman som växte fram under bearbetning av data var ´Låg påverkansmöjlighet, höga arbetskrav och avsaknad av bekräftelse leder till rädsla för att tappa kontrollen´, Obalans mellan krav och bemanning´ samt ´Stödjande faktorer och eget ansvar kan minska stressupplevelsen´. Slutresultatet visade på att IVA-sjuksköterskor upplevde stress i situationer när arbetskraven var för många och ledde till oro för att tappa kontrollen. De höga kraven och otillräcklig bemanning ledde till en obalans där IVA-sjuksköterskorna upplevde otillräcklighet i sitt arbete. Stöd från arbetskollegorna samt individuella sätt att hantera den egna stressen, ansågs vara ett sätt att hantera stress på arbetsplatsen bland intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att IVA-sjuksköterskorna upplevde stress på sin arbetsplats av olika orsaker samt att hanteringen av stressen skedde främst via ventilering med arbetskollegor.
The aim of the study was to describe in what situations Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses experiences stress and how they cope with the stress in the ordinary work. The study had a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. Ten intensive care nurses took part in the study. The inclusions criteria were that the nurses had an education in intensive care and had worked more than a year as an intensive care nurse. The data were collected with a semi- structured interview that lasted between 7 to 25 minutes. The themes developed from the data were ‘Low influence possibility, high work demands and lack of confirmation leads to fear of loosing the control’, ‘Imbalance between demands and number of staff’, and ‘Supportive factors and own responsibility can reduce the stress experience’ The final result showed that nurses experience stress in situations when the work demands were to high which led to anxiety of loosing control. High demands and insufficient number of staff led to an imbalance and the nurses felt inadequacy in their work. Support from the colleagues and own individual ways to handle the stress, were considered to be ways to cope with it among the nurses. To sum up, the intensive care nurses experienced stress their workplace from various causes and they coped with their stress principally through ventilation with their colleagues.
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Beau, S. P. "Registered nurses' perceptions of factors causing stress in the intensive care environment in state hospitals." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/457.
Abstract:
The complex environment of an intensive care unit is associated with a considerable amount of stress. Intensive care nurses are confronted daily with increasing work demands, emanating from the growing numbers of critically-ill patients; the introduction of highly sophisticated technologies in the intensive care environment; increasing competition between health care institutions; increased work loads; and limited career opportunities caused by, among other things, budget cuts by the government (Janssen, De Jonge & Bakker, 1999:1360). Research has shown that such stressors can result in mental, physical and behavioural stress reactions among nurses (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner and Schaufeli, 2000:454). The objective of this study is to explore and describe registered nurses’ perceptions of factors causing stress in intensive care environments of state hospitals. The main purpose of the study is to develop guidelines for a stress management programme, to assist registered nurses to cope with the stressors in an intensive care environment. The research design is placed within a quantitative, explorative and descriptive contextual framework. Validity and reliability in testing and evaluating the research questionnaire are discussed, as well as the ethical and legal considerations relating to this research study. Findings of the research study will be utilized to assist the researcher in developing guidelines for a stress management programme to assist registered nurses in coping with stress in an intensive care environment
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Novais, Daniel Henrique Rangel de Queiroz. "Práticas de auto-cuidado e percepção de stress em estagiários de psicologia." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2814.
Abstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioNa sua profissão, psicólogos dedicam-se a ajudar os seus clientes, de forma a que estes consigam utilizar os seus próprios recursos para lidar com as adversidades das suas experiências. No entanto, para cuidar do outro, tanto profissionais como alunos precisam de cuidar de si mesmos, de forma a minimizar as consequências negativas da prática de psicologia na sua competência e na sua vida privada. Práticas de auto-cuidado estão associadas a um aumento de bem-estar físico e emocional e a uma menor percepção de stress. O presente estudo verificou de que forma práticas de auto-cuidado como a higiene do sono, actividade física, mindfulness e suporte social estão associadas à percepção do stress, quer em estudantes finalistas do mestrado de psicologia como em psicólogos a iniciar a sua carreira. Para tal, aplicou-se a 113 estagiários (43 curriculares e 70 profissionais), o Internacional Physical Activity Questionnaire (2003), o Escala de Stresse Percepcionado (PSS-10) (2010), a Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (2011), a Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (2008) e o Sleep Hygiene Index (2006), tendo-se traduzido estes dois últimos instrumentos para se prodecer à sua utilização. Verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa nos resultados da higiene do sono (β=0,28, p<0,05) e do suporte social (β=-0,33, p<0,05) nos estagiários profissionais. A continuação desta linha de investigação é necessária para esclarecer que práticas de autocuidado estão associadas à menores índices de percepção de stress, para que se possam implementar programas de práticas de auto-cuidado com estudantes e profissionais de psicologia, de forma a que estes se tornem mais capazes de lidar com as adversidades da profissão.
ABSTRACT: In their work, psychologists dedicate themselves in helping their clients, so they can use their own resources in order to cope with their lives’ adversities; however, in order to take care of other people, professionals as well as students need to take care of themselves, so they can minimize the negative consequences of their practice in their performance. Self-care practices are associated with an increase of physical and emotional well-being e less perceived stress levels. The present study examined the association between sleep hygiene, physical activity, mindfulness and social support and perceived stress levels in psychology graduate students and young professionals presently attending internships. 113 interns (43 graduate students and 70 professionals) were evaluated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (2003), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (2010), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (2011), the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (2008) and the Sleep Hygiene Index (2006), the latter two translated in the course of this study. Our results only showed a weak correlation between sleep hygiene (β=0,28, p<0,05), total social support (β=-0,33, p<0,05) and lower levels of perceived stress in professional interns. Further studies to broaden the knowledge in this field are necessary, so self-care practices can be implemented in training.
30
Hawes, Katheleen A. "Nurse job stress, burnout, practice environment and maternal satisfaction in the neonatal intensive care unit /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3367992.
31
au, cstockman@agric wa gov, and Catherine Ann Stockman. "The Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Sheep Exposed to Heat Load within Intensive Sheep Industries." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070820.143149.
Abstract:
The live export and feedlotting industries are the major intensive sheep industries in Australia. During live shipment, sheep are exposed to prolonged periods of high heat and humidity, with little relief for several days, while environmental conditions in a Western Australian sheep feedlot have not yet been assessed. The research described in this thesis was conducted to determine the physiological responses of sheep to conditions within the live export and feedlotting industries, with particular focus on that of heat stress.
Merino wethers and Awassi rams developed significant change in physiological variables when exposed to prolonged periods of high heat and humidity, such as during long haul, live export voyages to the Northern Hemisphere. Physiological changes such as increased core temperature, respiratory rate, panting score and associated changes in blood gas variables were apparent in Merino wethers. However, Awassi rams showed exceptional ability to maintain homeostasis under the same environmental conditions, with no significant changes in core temperature and only slight alteration in blood gas variables. Results from this study indicated that electrolyte supplementation of sheep during live export would not be warranted because plasma electrolytes did not drastically change and blood gas variables quickly returned to normal following the heat.
Further studies developed methods to determine the critical wet bulb temperature, otherwise known as the heat stress threshold (HST) of Merino rams, ram lambs and wethers exposed to live export conditions. These studies found that ram lambs had a lower HST than both adult rams and wethers. However, both adult rams and wethers had a similar HST. Heat stress thresholds determined from these studies have been used in a model to predict high risk shipments for particular classes of sheep (Stacey 2003).
This thesis also details the environmental conditions within a Western Australian summer feedlot and the physiological responses of cross bred ewes and wethers to these conditions when fed feedlot rations. This study found that temperatures in a typical Western Australian feedlot in summer increased above 40¢ªC with low humidity; however, temperatures generally decreased to be within the sheep¡¯s thermoneutral zone at night. Both ewes and wethers had significantly increased core temperatures in response to these conditions, with sheep spending significantly more time in the shade than in the sun during the day. Both ewes and wethers had increased respiratory rates and panting scores during an intensive climate room experiment with similar environmental conditions. However, feed intake did not decrease even when climate room temperatures increased at night and humidity levels were higher than that found in typical feedlot conditions in Western Australia.
Work completed within this thesis has led to a greater understanding of the physiological responses of sheep to prolonged and continuous high heat such as during live export and to conditions of a typical Western Australian summer feedlot. This research has set a foundation for further study of management of sheep during live export and feedlotting.
32
Leighton, P. H. "Monitoring blood stream infection in neonatal intensive care units." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1302069/.
Abstract:
Comparisons of the incidence of blood stream infection (BSI) between neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can promote sharing of potentially better practices for infection control. Comparisons should take into account differences in babies’ vulnerability and the invasive procedures which can introduce infection. I carried out a systematic review of methods reported in the literature, or used by regional monitoring systems, for comparing the incidence of BSI among NICUs. I found substantial variation, especially in the risk factors used to adjust incidence estimates. The use of routinely recorded administrative data would minimize and accelerate staff workload for BSI monitoring. I investigated which risk factors recorded in routine data should be adjusted for when comparing BSI incidence between NICUs. I linked microbiology laboratory records with administrative records collected over four years for three London NICUs. I analysed rates of BSI using various methods, including Poisson regression and logistic regression assuming a matched case control design. With both approaches, National Health Service level of care was the strongest predictor for BSI incidence. Using Poisson regression models, the rate ratio for BSI, adjusted for birth weight, inborn/outborn status and postnatal age, was 3.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.01, 4.94) for intensive care and 6.58 (95% CI 4.18, 10.36) for high dependency care, relative to special care. The case control study gave slightly larger estimates of effect than the Poisson regression models. Total parenteral nutrition was significantly associated with BSI incidence but explained less of the variance among babies than level of care. Using the results from the risk adjustment model, I demonstrated how routine data can be integrated into a method for prospective, risk adjusted monitoring. This method involved standardised infection ratios and a sequential probability ratio test. The method can evaluate changes in BSI rates over time and between NICUs. It could also be used to quantify improvements following infection control interventions.
33
Henricson, Maria. "Tactile touch in intensive care : Nurses' preparation, patients' experiences and the effect on stress parameters." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1636.
Abstract:
Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to acquire knowledge about whether tactile touch as a complementary method can (i) promote comfort and (ii) reduce stress reactions during care in an intensive care unit (ICU) Method: In Paper I, five nurses with a touch therapist training were interviewed about their experiences of preparation before giving tactile touch in an ICU. To analyse the meaning of preparation as a phenomenon, Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological approach was used. In Paper II and III a randomised controlled trial was set up to investigate the effects of a five-day tactile touch intervention on patients’ oxytocin levels in arterial blood (II), on patients’ blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose level, and on patients’ levels of anxiety, sedation and alertness (III). Forty-four patients were randomised to either an intervention group (n = 21) or a control group (n = 23). Data were analysed with non-parametric statistics. In Paper IV, six patients who had received the tactile touch intervention were interviewed to illuminate the experience of receiving tactile touch during intensive care. To gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and to illuminate the meaning, Ricoeur’s phenomenological hermeneutical method, developed by Lindseth and Norberg, was used. Findings: The nurses need four constituents (inner balance, unconditional respect for the patients’ integrity, a relationship with the patient characterized by reciprocal trust and a supportive environment) to be prepared and go through the transition from nurse to touch therapist (I). In the intervention study, no significant differences were shown for oxytocin levels between intervention and control group over time or within each day (II). There were significantly lower levels of anxiety for patients in the intervention group. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for blood pressure, heart rate, the use of drugs, levels of sedation or blood glucose levels (III). The significance of receiving tactile touch during intensive care was described as the creation of an imagined room along with the touch therapist. In this imagined room, the patients enjoyed tactile touch and gained hope for the future (IV). Conclusion: Nurses needed internal and external balance to be prepared for providing tactile touch. Patients did not notice the surroundings as much as the nurses did. Patients enjoyed the tactile touch and experienced comfort. The impact on stress parameters were limited, except for levels of anxiety which declined significantly. The results gave some evidence for the benefit of tactile touch given to patients in intensive care.
34
Kunisch, Julie A. "Reducing stress in the neonatal intensive care unit:an occupational therapy approach to preterm infant massage." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11109.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPreterm infants and their parents in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are a growing client population for occupational therapists. The NICU environment of care can be over stimulating and cause high amounts of stress for preterm infants and their parents. Evidence-based literature supports preterm infant massage to decrease stress for preterm infants and improve overall neurobehavioral development. Evidenced-based literature also supports decreased stress for parents that perform preterm infant massage with their child as well as improved confidence of parental skills and infant-parent attachment. Despite these benefits, infant massage is practiced in less than half of the NICUs in the United States (Field, Diego & Hernandez-Reif, 2010). This may be related to the underlying mechanisms not being well understood and/or cost effectiveness considerations. This doctoral project (1) identifies evidenced-based literature to support the benefits of preterm infant massage for both the infant and the parent, (2) investigates evidence and best practice in designing a preterm infant massage parent education program in the NICU that supports the infant-parent dyad, (3) provides an overview of best practice for implementing a preterm infant massage parent education program in the NlCU, (4) describes a detailed evaluation plan and dissemination of the results including estimated budgets for implementation and dissemination. This project's target audiences are medical directors, directors of occupational therapy departments, neonatal occupational therapists, neonatologists, other health care staff in the NICU, and parents of preterm infants in the NICU. This project will be presented to the medical director of a Level IV NlCU and the director of occupational therapy at University of Rochester Medical Center-Golisano Children's Hospital for consideration of implementation. This project contributes to three areas of occupational therapy: (1) addressing best practice for implementing a preterm infant massage program in the NlCU to reduce stress levels for infants and parents, (2) providing more evidenced-based practice with a growing occupational therapy population of preterm infants and their parents, and (3) building a more diverse occupational therapy profession.
35
Williams, Annette. "Job stress, job satisfaction and intent to leave employment among maternal-child health nurses." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=262.
36
Grütz, Mattias, and Bohlin Sofia. "Intrahospitala transporter av intensivvårdspatienter : Stress, trötthet och tillbud." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-145184.
Abstract:
Inledning Intrahospitala transporter av intensivvårdpatient är ett ansvarsfullt arbetsmoment och en stor del av intensivvårdssjuksköterskans och undersköterskans arbete. Det är riskfyllt eftersom tillbud med patient och utrustning kan ske. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva förekomsten av tillbud och typ av tillbud under intrahospitala transporter av intensivvårdspatienter, samt jämföra om det finns skillnader i förekomst av antalet tillbud under olika tidpunkter på dygnet och skillnad mellan akut respektive planerad transport. Syftet var också att undersöka sjuksköterskors och undersköterskors upplevda grad av stress och trötthet under transporten samt om det finns skillnad i förekomst av trötthet och/eller stress vid transporter där det sker tillbud respektive inte sker tillbud. Metod: Studien är kvantitativ, deskriptiv och jämförande. Förekomst av tillbud samt upplevelse av stress/trötthet besvarades på ett svarsformulär av sjuksköterska och undersköterska under eller direkt efter intrahospital transport. Totalt ingår 42 transporter. Resultat: Tillbud förekom vid 19 transporter. Inga skillnader i förekomst av tillbud mellan dagtransporter och nattransporter eller mellan akuta och planerade transporter kunde ses. Sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor rapporterade mer stress vid de transporter där det förekommit tillbud än vid de där tillbud inte förekommit. Slutsats: Tillbud förekommer i knappt hälften av intrahospitala transporter och sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor rapporterar mer stress i samband med transporter med tillbud än transporter utan tillbud.Introduction: Intrahospital transport of critical care patient is a responsible working operation and much of the critical care nurse and the assistant nurses´ work. It is risky, because incidents of patient and equipment can happen. Purpose: The objective was to describe the occurrence of incidents and types of incidents during intrahospital transport of ICU patients, and compare if there are differences in the occurrence of incidents during different times of day and the difference between emergency and planed transportation. The aim was to investigate nurses and assistans nurses´ perceived level of stress and fatigue during transport and if there are differences in the incidence of fatigue and/or stress during transport where incidents occurs or not occurs. Method: The study is quantitative, descriptive and comparative. The presence of the incident and the experience of stress/fatigue were answered on a response form of nurses and assistant nurse during or immediately after intrahospital transport. A total of 42 transports are included. Results: Adverse events occurred at 19 transports. No differences in the occurrence of incidents between day transports and night transport or between acute and planned transports could be seen. Nurses and assistant nurses reported more stress during the transports, where there have been adverse events than in those were adverse events had not occurred. Conclusion: Adverse events occurs in almost half of intrahospital transport and nurses and assistant nurses reported more stress associated with transports with adverse events other than the transports without adverse events.
37
Rosa, Beatriz Angelo 1961. "Estressores em unidade de terapia intensiva : desempenho da versão brasileira do Environmental Stressor Questionnaires - ESQ." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311803.
Abstract:
Orientador: Roberta Cunha Rodrigues ColomboDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestre em Enfermagem
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Vendrame, Kelly Elisângela [UNESP]. "Efeito do resveratrol sobre o estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em ratos submetidos a esforço físico intenso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108388.
Abstract:
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vendrame_ke_me_araca.pdf: 4092612 bytes, checksum: 04e0c782c997e828f54675294cf27b79 (MD5)O exercício físico intenso causa um maior consumo de oxigênio que induz ao estresse oxidativo capaz de danificar fibras musculares, proteínas e lipídeos corpóreos. O resveratrol (RV) é um potente antioxidante presente naturalmente em algumas plantas e com ação comprovada sobre o estresse oxidativo causado pela insuficiência renal e diabetes, prevenindo e/ou diminuindo consequências do infarto do miocárdio, hipercolesterolemia, câncer e Alzheimer. O presente estudo objetivou testar a hipótese de que ratos Wistar sedentários quando submetidos a um esforço físico intenso e tratados com RV (10mg/kg/dia) durante 10 dias apresentam menor estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular. O RV não alterou o perfil metabólico dos ratos mantidos em repouso e o exercício físico induziu no grupo não tratado com RV maior concentração plasmática de glicose (p=0,0361), aspartato aminotransferase (p=0,0476) e menor concentração de bilirrubina (p=0,0176). A capacidade antioxidante total foi maior no grupo tratado com resveratrol e submetido á natação (p<0,001). Os resultados obtidos comprovam que o esforço físico intenso nos animais sedentários induziu estresse oxidativo capaz de ocasionar lesão muscular e que tais efeitos indesejáveis podem ser atenuados com uso de resveratrol
The intense physical exercise increases the oxygen consumption and leads to oxidative stress that is able to damage muscle fibers, proteins and lipids from organism. Resveratrol (RV) is a potent antioxidant naturally found in some plants, its action is on oxidative stress caused by renal failure and diabetes, preventing and/or reducing the consequences of myocardial infarction, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that sedentary rats subjected to an intense physical and treated with RV (10mg/kg/day) for 10 days showed lower oxidative stress and muscle injury.The use of RV did not affect the metabolic profile in rats kept in rest, in the group not supplemented with RV the exercise increased plasmatic concentration of glucose (p=0,0361) and activity of aspartate aminotransferase (p=0,0476), while decreased concentration of total bilirubin (p=0,0176). An increased total antioxidant status was observed in the group supplemented with resveratrol and submitted to swimming (p<0,001). The results demonstrated that the intense physical effort in sedentary animals induced oxidative stress that can cause muscle muscle damage and that such effects can be attenuated with the use of resveratrol
39
Vendrame, Kelly Elisângela. "Efeito do resveratrol sobre o estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em ratos submetidos a esforço físico intenso /." Araçatuba, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108388.
Abstract:
Orientador: Paulo César CiarliniBanca: José Carlos Silva Camargo Filho
Banca: Mário Jefferson Quirino Louzada
Resumo: O exercício físico intenso causa um maior consumo de oxigênio que induz ao estresse oxidativo capaz de danificar fibras musculares, proteínas e lipídeos corpóreos. O resveratrol (RV) é um potente antioxidante presente naturalmente em algumas plantas e com ação comprovada sobre o estresse oxidativo causado pela insuficiência renal e diabetes, prevenindo e/ou diminuindo consequências do infarto do miocárdio, hipercolesterolemia, câncer e Alzheimer. O presente estudo objetivou testar a hipótese de que ratos Wistar sedentários quando submetidos a um esforço físico intenso e tratados com RV (10mg/kg/dia) durante 10 dias apresentam menor estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular. O RV não alterou o perfil metabólico dos ratos mantidos em repouso e o exercício físico induziu no grupo não tratado com RV maior concentração plasmática de glicose (p=0,0361), aspartato aminotransferase (p=0,0476) e menor concentração de bilirrubina (p=0,0176). A capacidade antioxidante total foi maior no grupo tratado com resveratrol e submetido á natação (p<0,001). Os resultados obtidos comprovam que o esforço físico intenso nos animais sedentários induziu estresse oxidativo capaz de ocasionar lesão muscular e que tais efeitos indesejáveis podem ser atenuados com uso de resveratrol
Abstract: The intense physical exercise increases the oxygen consumption and leads to oxidative stress that is able to damage muscle fibers, proteins and lipids from organism. Resveratrol (RV) is a potent antioxidant naturally found in some plants, its action is on oxidative stress caused by renal failure and diabetes, preventing and/or reducing the consequences of myocardial infarction, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that sedentary rats subjected to an intense physical and treated with RV (10mg/kg/day) for 10 days showed lower oxidative stress and muscle injury.The use of RV did not affect the metabolic profile in rats kept in rest, in the group not supplemented with RV the exercise increased plasmatic concentration of glucose (p=0,0361) and activity of aspartate aminotransferase (p=0,0476), while decreased concentration of total bilirubin (p=0,0176). An increased total antioxidant status was observed in the group supplemented with resveratrol and submitted to swimming (p<0,001). The results demonstrated that the intense physical effort in sedentary animals induced oxidative stress that can cause muscle muscle damage and that such effects can be attenuated with the use of resveratrol
Mestre
40
Krušinskaitė, Dalė. "Slaugytojų su darbu susijusio streso, pasitenkinimo darbu ir ketinimų keisti darbą vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130618_134211-57971.
Abstract:
Stresas darbe apibrėžiamas, kaip emocinė būsena ar nuotaika, kurios priežastis – prieštaravimas tarp darbe keliamų reikalavimų ir asmens sugebėjimo atlikti juos, arba asmens suvokimas, jog nesugebės atlikti darbo pagal keliamus jam reikalavimus. Vyraujanti pakeliamo lygmens įtampa darbe suteikia energijos ir motyvuoja kovoti su iššūkiais, tačiau per dideli reikalavimai ir per didelė įtampa sukelia stresą, kuris turi neigiamą poveikį darbuotojams ir jų organizacijoms. Nustatytos streso darbe, jį sukeliančių veiksnių ir simptomų sąsajos nuo slaugytojų amžiumi, šeimine padėtimi, pamaina.
Tikslas – Ištirti slaugytojų su darbu susijusio streso, pasitenkinimo darbu ir ketinimų keisti darbą pasireiškimą bei sąsajas
Tyrimo metodas – 2012 m. gegužės mėn. 1-31 d. atlikta anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Tyrime dalyvavo keturių Kauno miesto poliklinikų bendrosios praktikos ir bendruomenės slaugytojai (n=280, atsako dažnis - 87,5 proc.). Visos respondentės buvo moterys. Tyrimui naudota Išplėstinė slaugos streso skalė (56 teiginiai). Tyrimui atlikti Lietuvos Sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos Bioetikos centras 2012-04-16 išdavė leidimą Nr. BC- KS (M)-260.
Rezultatai: Dažniausiai stresą darbe slaugytojams sukelia situacijos, kai jie susiduria su paciento mirtimi ar mirimo procesu bei situacijos, susijusios su pacientų slauga ir bendravimu su pacientų artimaisiais; rečiausiai stresą keliantis veiksnys yra diskriminacija kolektyve. Nustatyta, kad slaugytojos dirba... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Work related stress is described as emotional state or mood, emerging from contradiction between work requirements and personal ability to fullfil them; this is personal perception of inability to perform the work tasks that are expected from him. Moderate strain at work acts as motivator and supply with energy to accept the challenges, although very high expectations and strong pressure results stress that negatively affects personell and organisation. There is the data about relationship of stress, its factors and symptoms with nurses age, family status and shift. The purpose – to investigate nurses‘ work related stress, satisfaction with work and intent to leave, and the relationship between these variables. Methods. Anonymous questionnairing was performed on 1-31 of May, 2012. Nurses of general practice and community care from four primary care centers of Kaunas city participated in the survey (N=280, response rate was 87,5%). All the respondents were females. The Extended Nursing Stress Scale with 56 items was used. Commettee on Bioethics at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences provided permission to perform this survey. Results: The most often stressful situation for nurses are related to patient‘s death and dying, also to situations of patient care and communication with his relatives. Discrimination was the rearest stresfull factor for nurses. Nurses are enthusiastic at work and the negative item that nurses dislike their work was scored with the lowest value... [to full text]
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Montgomery-Honger, Argene. "Parental Stress Following the Birth of a Very Preterm Infant Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Maternal, Paternal and Staff Perceptions of Stress." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7601.
Abstract:
Many parents experience high levels of stress after the birth of a premature infant admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) given the often fragile status of their infant and the numerous medical interventions necessary to stabilize the infant. Previous research has found that parents of very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks‟ gestation) infants often experience high levels of stress, particularly in relation to feelings of having lost their parental role. Of particular concern are findings which suggest that such symptoms may last beyond the immediate hospitalization period to have an adverse effect on the parental ability to provide quality infant care-giving at home. However, little is known about the paternal NICU stress response, the role of stressors external to the NICU environment and the perceptions of NICU staff. Against this background, aims of this thesis were: 1) to describe and compare sources of NICU stress for mothers and fathers of VPT infants, 2) to identify key predictors of parental NICU stress, 3) to describe staff perceptions of parental NICU stress, and 4) to identify parental stressors external to the NICU.
Two cohorts of parents of VPT infants were studied: 11 mothers and 10 fathers of VPT infants (<32 weeks' gestation) admitted to a level III NICU, Christchurch Women's Hospital; and 68 mothers and 68 fathers of VPT infants (<30 weeks' gestation) who participated in the Victorian Infant Brain Studies, admitted to the Royal Women‟s Hospital NICU, Melbourne. Twenty-three NICU nurses from Christchurch Women‟s Hospital, level III NICU were also interviewed. The Parental Stressors Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) determined sources of stress among parents. NICU nurses completed an adapted version of the PSS: NICU that measured nursing staffs‟ perceptions of parental NICU stress. Parents also completed the Life Events Scale on upsetting life events from the previous 12 months. An external stressors scale which measured stress relating to finances, transport and childcare was developed and completed by parents and staff. Familial demographic and infant clinical information was collected from birth records and hospital databases.
Results showed across both cohorts studied that mothers reported significantly higher levels of NICU stress than fathers on the “sights and sounds”, “infant appearance”, and “loss of parental role” subscales on the PSS: NICU (p < .05). The number of upsetting life events (B = .33, p = .01)) and paternal level of NICU stress predicted maternal NICU stress (B = .23, p = .03). Maternal NICU stress also predicted paternal NICU stress (B = .37, p = .01). Staff consistently overestimated parental stress levels (p < .05). The most stressful item on the external stressors scale reported by parents and staff was “fitting in everything else I have to do”.
Findings emphasize the need for increased awareness of NICU-specific and NICU-external factors contributing to parental stress. Research into the extent to which staff perceptions of parent experiences may affect the quality of staff-parent relations in the NICU is also warranted. These findings contribute to our understanding of the parental experience of having a preterm infant in the NICU and implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Maron, Margaret M. "The relationship of stress levels among a group of medical-surgical nurses vs. intensive care nurses /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1990/thesis_nur_1990_maron_relat.pdf.
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Nist, Marliese Dion. "Inflammatory Mediators of Stress Exposure and Neurodevelopment in Very Preterm Infants." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565718071063954.
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Bauduin, Hadrien. "Contribution expérimentale à l'étude d'écoulements internes avec swirl." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0015/document.
Abstract:
Ce travail expérimental s’intéresse à l’écoulement en aval d’un swirler statique court. L’induction d’un mouvement de swirl est une solution connue pour augmenter le gradient pariétal de vitesse. L’augmentation du frottement pariétal présente un intérêt industriel dans les échangeurs de chaleur pour accroître leurs potentiels de transfert de chaleur et diminuer leurs vitesses d’encrassement. Nous proposons d’approfondir la connaissance des écoulements avec swirl décroissant à faibles nombres de Reynolds pour lesquels l’intérêt énergétique est a priori plus important. Dans un premier temps, le champ d’écoulement est caractérisé à l’aide de méthodes optiques, pour identifier le type de tourbillon caractérisant le swirl. Dans un second temps, la méthode électrochimique est utilisée pour mesurer le frottement pariétal instationnaire. Par analogie, ces mesures permettent d’obtenir une première estimation du transfert de chaleur en écoulement anisothermeThis experimental work is interested in understanding the flow downstream a short static swirler. Inducing a swirl motion is a known solution to increase the wall velocity gradient. The increase in wall shear stress is useful in industrial heat exchangers in order to enhance their heat transfer capabilities and reduce their fouling rates. We try to go deeper into knowledge of decaying swirl flows, for low Reynolds number for which energy interest is greater a priori. First, we study the flow field with optical methods in order to identify type of vortex characteristics of the swirl. Second, electrochemical method is used to measure the unsteady wall shear stress. By analogy, these measurements give a first estimate of the heat transfer for the case of non-isothermal flows
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Walter, Sara. "SUPERVISION EXPERIENCE AND EGO DEVELOPMENT OF COUNSELING INTERNS' SITE SUPERVISORS AND SUPERVISEES' LEVEL OF EGO DEVELOP." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3560.
Abstract:
The primary purposes of this study were (a) to investigate the relationship between counseling interns’ site supervisors’ experience and training in supervision and their own levels of ego development and (b) to investigate the relationship between supervisors’ levels of ego development and the ego functioning and occupational stress of their intern-supervisees. The theoretical framework for this investigation included cognitive developmental models of supervision (e.g., Blocher, 1983; Stoltenberg, 1981), ego development (Loevinger, 1976, 1997) and the Person-Environment Fit theory of occupational stress (French, Rogers, & Cobb, 1974). The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of (a) the levels of ego development and post-degree clinical supervision experiences of internship site supervisors in different areas of counseling specialty; (b) the relationship between social-cognitive developmental levels and levels of perceived occupational stress in counseling interns; and (c) cognitive development theory and counseling supervision. Ninety-six counseling internship students in three master’s level counseling programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation for Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) in Central Florida as well as 58 (73% response rate) of their internship site supervisors participated in the study. The site supervisors completed the Supervisors Experience Questionnaire (Walter, 2008) and the Washington University Sentence Completion Test--Form 81 (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger, 1996). The participating counseling internship students completed a demographics questionnaire, the WUSCT--Form 81, and the Occupational Stress Inventory--Revised (OSI-R; Osipow, 1998). The statistical procedures used to analyze the data included chi-square, ANOVA, simultaneous multiple regression, and MANOVA procedures.
The primary research hypotheses for the study were (1) that formal training in supervision and participation in post-graduate clinical supervision would predict supervisor ego development and (2) that supervisor ego development would predict supervisee ego development and occupational stress levels; these were not supported for these data. However, the results identified statistically significant relationships between supervisor participation in post-graduate clinical supervision and area of counseling specialty, with school counselor supervisors less likely to have participated in supervision than other supervisors. Additionally, the findings identified a negative correlation between interns’ levels of perceived occupational stress and their ego development levels (14.6% of the variance explained), as well as a negative correlation between interns’ levels of satisfaction with their internship site supervision and their levels of occupational stress (40% of the variance explained). The data from this investigation suggested that school counseling interns experienced higher levels of occupational stress due to occupational roles and lower levels of personal resources than interns in other counseling tracks, with the track accounting for 25.6% of the variance in the occupational stress levels. Implications for counseling supervisors and counselor educators are presented, along with areas for future investigation.Ph.D.
Department of Child, Family and Community Sciences
Education
Education PhD
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Adams, Bernardene Lucreshia. "The experiences of registered nurses' of their work environment in a critical care unit." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1057.
Abstract:
Critical care nursing is a vital and significant part of health care provision to critically ill patients. It is a specialty area of nursing that requires registered nurses who are highly motivated, knowledgeable and skilled to provide optimal care to critically ill patients. These patients are nursed in a complex environment consisting of specialised equipment (such as ventilators, defibrillators, intravenous pumps, and cardiac monitors) that is not found in any other field of nursing. Collegial support and an adequate registered nurse: patient ratio is vital in critical care units in order to provide optimal quality care to critically ill patients. However, an understaffed work environment, the demands of critical care nursing and other work-related problems, such as conflict with physicians, inadequate remuneration packages and an increased workload can cause serious distress and dissatisfaction amongst registered nurses in this specific environment (Carayon & Gürses, 2005:287). The objectives of this study therefore are to explore and describe the experiences of registered nurses of their work environment in a critical care unit and to make recommendations that will assist registered nurses working in a critical care unit. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design will be utilised. Data will be collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analysed according to the framework provided by Tesch (in Cresswell, 2003:192). Purposive sampling will be used to select a sample of registered nurses working in a critical care environment. Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991) will be utilised to verify data and to ensure trustworthiness of the study. Ethical considerations will be adhered to throughout the study. Once data has been analysed, recommendations will be made that will assist registered nurses working in a critical care unit.
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Ko, Yili 1963. "The relationship of age, gender, education, state trait anxiety, and stress among NICU parents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558190.
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PITTI, MONICA. "New methods to objectively evaluate animal welfare in intensive pig farming." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153578.
Abstract:
Summary
Animal welfare is assuming a great importance in intensive farming systems, to improve productive performances and to satisfy the consumers’ request of ethical animal management. Objective evaluation of animal welfare, both from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view, is essential in order to identify critical situations and the respective corrective measures. The assessment of the global oxidative stress of a subject is a good indicator of its welfare status.
Oxidative stress results from a mismatch between the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the organism’s capacity to mitigate their damaging effects. The principal defenses against oxidative stress reside in antioxidant enzymes and chain-breaking antioxidant compounds. The antiradical activity of blood is a parameter suitable to evaluate the global oxidative stress of an animal organism. Total antiradical activity of blood is a good indicator to evaluate pig welfare (Brambilla et al., 2002).
Several assays to evaluate total antiradical activity (TAC) of different substrates have been developed, they belongs to two categories:
1. hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction based assays that monitor competitive reaction kinetics between a synthetic free radical generator and the antioxidant compounds of the substrate, revealing the reaction with an oxidizable molecular probe;
2. single electron transfer (ET) reaction based assays that involve one redox reaction with the oxidant (also as the probe for monitoring the reaction) as an indicator of the reaction endpoint.
A more suitable assay to evaluate TAC of blood is the KRL test, developed by French researchers (Prost M., 1989). It is a HAT reaction based assay optimized for the use on blood, with a different reaction revelation system. KRL is a biological test which measures the time needed to hemolyze 50% of the red blood cells exposed to a controlled free radical attack. The principle of the biological test is to submit whole blood to a thermocontrolled free radical aggression in order to mobilize all families of free radical scavengers present in the blood to fight off the oxidant attack (Stocker et al., 2003; Pieri et al., 1996; Girodon et al., 1997). The KRL test have several applications in vivo, particularly tested on human studies, or in vitro.
KRL test description
Whole Blood and RBC samples diluted to 1/50 was submitted in isotonic saline solution to organic free radicals produced at 37°C under air atmosphere from the thermal decomposition of a 27 mmol/L solution of 2,2´-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Spiral, Dijon, France).
Hemolysis was recorded using a 96-well microplate reader by measuring the optical density decay at 450 nm. Results was expressed as the time required to reach 50% of maximal hemolysis (half-hemolysis time - HT50 - in minutes), which refers to the whole blood resistance to free-radical attack. Performance of KRL instrument provided by the company, indicate a CV of the repeatability less than 2.5% and of reproducibility less than 4% (Laboratoires Spiral, France). Since haemolysis times vary in a linear way with the trolox concentration, it is possible to convert them in AE (antiradical efficiency) where 1 unit of AE/L of blood or RBC corresponds to the antiradical power of 1 mMol of Trolox /L of reference blood.
The aim of this work is to apply KRL on pigs, evaluating the oxidative stress with regard to different animal categories, age, housing conditions and nutrition.
In this frame, five different studies have been carried on:
Trial 1 - Total antiradical activity in male castrated piglets blood: reference values;
Trial 2 - Effect of weaning on total antiradical activity in piglets;
Trial 3 - Antioxidant supplementation in post weaning piglets: effects on total blood antiradicalic activity and serum haptoglobin;
Trial 4 - Use of Phenylpropanoids in pig diet: effects on total blood antiradicalic activity and some serum biochemical parameters;
Trial 5 - KRL test to objective evaluation of welfare: sensibility to housing conditions and dietary supplements.
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Ng, W. Y. Phoebe. "The factors affecting the perceived sense of maternal competence on their babies in the special care baby unit in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3639628X.
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Ellers, Kevin L. Rikli Nancy Wright H. Norman. "A study to determine the effect of an intensive crisis response training program to train participants to provide emotional and spiritual care in disasters." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p090-0366.
Abstract:
Thesis (D. Min.)--Denver Seminary, 2008.Includes text of Critical incident stress management (CISM): grief following trauma, 1st ed., by Kevin L. Ellers, Nancy Rikli and H. Norman Wright, c2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 385-389, 402-431).