Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stress chaud'
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CORSINI, BERTRAND CHRISTINE. "Modelisation numerique par elements finis du calibrage a chaud des metaux." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0073.
Full textGuerin-Deletang, Sandrine. "Etude du dealliage des aciers inoxydables austenitiques et austenoferritiques dans NaOH concentre et chaud." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0639/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to understand the process of dealloying of austenitic stainless steel 304L with the intention to put this reasoning to the duplex steels. Tests were conducted in a deaerated aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at 50%, heated to a temperature of 80°C at atmospheric pressure and free potential. • The alloy 304L is dissolved to form a nanoporous layer rich in nickel metal on its surface. • The alloy 2202 is dissolved and has two different behaviors: o Ferritic phase is depleted in nickel o Austenite is covered by a nanoporous layer consists of metallic nickelo The two phases have different dissolution rates: austenite dissolves faster than ferrite. Kinetic dissolution of two alloys is different: alloy 2202 has better corrosion resistance than alloy 304L. However, the behavior of the austenite of the alloy 2202 is identical to the alloy 304L and has the same characteristics. The ferrite appears to give the duplex alloy corrosion protection against caustic at the expense of austenite. The identification of the layer of almost pure metallic nickel is confronted with existing models of dealloying. Additional experiments proved the simultaneous steps of dissolution of the alloy, redeposition of Ni atoms and their rearrangement on the surface
Ismaeil, Ibrahim. "Effets d’un stress thermique chaud sur les traits de vie et le succès parasitaire du parasitoïde de pucerons Aphidius ervi (Aphidiidae), agent de lutte biologique." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0105.
Full textNatural populations are commonly exposed to fluctuations of temperature and poikilothermic organisms such as insects are particularly sensitive to such variations which can represent potential stresses, ultimately affecting their life history traits and their overall fitness. The present study focused on the solitary endoparasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae Aphidiidae), an efficient biological control agent commercially used against aphids such as the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae). We here evaluated the effects of mild heat stresses (at 25°C or 28°C, applied for either 1h or 48h) on young adults of A. Ervi and on the fitness of their first generation (F1) progeny. Only heat stresses of 48h had a strong impact on the wasps’ mortality while all treatments reduced the male longevity. Heat-stresses applied to A. Ervi parents also had consequences on their F1 progeny whose developmental time, rate of mummification and success of parasitism were negatively affected. Surprisingly, the fecundity of the F1 female progeny was increased when their mother had been submitted to a mild heat stress of 25°C. The increased fecundity of the F1 female progeny is suggested to result from a homeostatic, hormesis-like effect implying trans-generational phenotypic plasticity, thus illustrating the complexity of insect responses, and underlying mechanisms, to fluctuating conditions of their natural environment. Such phenomenon is believed to be adaptive as organisms with the induced phenotype are expected to experience a greater fitness
Gourdet, Sophie. "Étude des mécanismes de recristallisation au cours de la déformation à chaud de l'aluminium." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG4206.
Full textPrévot, Cécile. "Rôle du facteur de transcription VvCRF4 dans la thermotolérance de la vigne : caractérisation et réponse au stress thermique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0412.
Full textIn the context of climate change, understanding the mechanisms by which vines adapt to the increasing frequency of heat waves is crucial for maintaining vine growth. Identifying key genes involved in the heat stress response is of paramount importance to promote grapevine adaptation and maintain grape quality. Such genes can also be used as molecular markers for breeding heat-tolerant varieties. Among these genes, transcription factors play a pivotal role in the regulation of heat stress responses, despite their incomplete characterization. The present thesis focuses on the involvement of VvCRF4, a transcription factor belonging to the AP2-ERF family, which is induced by high temperatures and plays a key role in grapevine thermotolerance. Using a transgenic approach in microvines, we demonstrated that VvCRF4 overexpression significantly improves thermotolerance. In addition, a combination of transcriptomic, cistromic and metabolomic approaches enabled the identification of genes and metabolic pathways associated with VvCRF4 activation under high temperatures. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine's response to heat stress, and open up new prospects for developing more resilient grapevine varieties to face the challenges raised by climate change
Wong, Lai-wah Winnie. "Community complex in Cheung Chau." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25956681.
Full textIncludes special study report entitled: Street as an artery for social space learning from successful streets in Hong Kong. Includes bibliographical references.
王麗華 and Lai-wah Winnie Wong. "Community complex in Cheung Chau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984241.
Full textArnoux, Joël. "Champ turbulent d'une couche limite tridimensionnelle sur paroi mobile." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22024.
Full textCui, Xiaoyun. "Dynamics of histone modification in integration of metabolic activity and stress response." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS474.
Full textGlobal warming is having significant and costly effects on the climate and agricultural production. Being sessile, plants have evolved complex mechanisms to perceive and respond to temperature variation and display specific changes in their morphology or development. However, little is known on the chromatin mechanism of gene expression reprogramming during plant response to elevated ambient temperature. Chromatin modification enzymes require intermediary metabolism products as substrates or cofactors. For example, histone acetyltransferases use acetyl-CoA as a donor for lysine acetylation and histone demethylases require α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as a cofactor. In plants, cytosolic acetyl-CoA is produced by ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) and α-KG is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenases (ICDH) in different metabolic pathways. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic fluctuation affects the activity of histone modification enzymes and regulates gene expression under elevated ambient temperature. In my thesis, I contributed to analyze the roles of Arabidopsis histone deacetylases HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 in plant thermal response and I studied the effect of acetyl-CoA levels on histone acetylation status in Arabidopsis and the role of α-KG fluctuation in controlling JmjC demethylase activity and plant growth and gene expression under warm temperature. In the first part of the study, genetic and molecular analysis showed that HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 target to different sets of genes and play distinct roles in responding to warm temperature. On the other hand, we found that when overexpressed ACL in gcn5 mutants, the H3K27ac level was increased. Additionally, ACL overexpression partially complemented the gcn5 phenotypes. The results demonstrated an intrinsic link between acetyl-CoA fluctuation and histone H3K27 acetylation levels in plants. In the second part of my thesis, we showed that loss of cytosolic ICDH resulted in increased H3K4me3 levels and enhanced mutant phenotypes of the H3K4me3 demethylase gene JMJ14. Genetic analysis suggested that JMJ14 and JMJ15 (another H3K4me3 demethylase) functioned redundantly to regulate plant thermal responsive gene expression and growth and indicated the cICDH mutation mainly affected JMJ15 function. Genome-wide analysis revealed an essential role of JMJ14 in establishing both gene activation and repression programs of plant thermomorphogenesis. JMJ14 and JMJ15 directly repressed a set of genes that are likely to play a negative role in the process. The results provided evidence that the fluctuation of metabolites levels regulates histone demethylase activity and plant response to warm temperature. Taken together, the results highlight the interplay between metabolism, epigenetics and plant adaptation to changing the ambient environment
Contesti, Eric. "Description de l'interaction plasticite-viscoplasticite par un modele phenomenologique a deux deformations inelastiques : application a un acier inoxydable austenitique." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0106.
Full textBlanchard, Nicolas. "Convection dans une bande transporteuse d'air chaud : caractérisation et impacts sur la dynamique d'altitude." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30229.
Full textWarm air conveyor belts (WCB) are ascending air streams in mid-latitude storms. They transport warm and moist air from the tropics to the high latitudes and are the site of most cloud diabatic processes. These processes modify the upper-level dynamics by injecting negative potential vortex (PV) anomalies into the WCB outflow, which reinforce the waveguide governing the general circulation. Their representation is a source of forecast errors downstream, especially over Europe. While WCBs are predominantly considered as slow continuous slantwise ascents, recent studies have revealed the existence of fast convective ascents in WCBs whose impact on upper-level dynamics is still debated. The reduction of forecast uncertainties motivated the NAWDEX field campaign over the North Atlantic in autumn 2016. During the campaign, the ascent region and the outflow of the WCB of the Stalactite cyclone were observed by an airborne Doppler radar and dropsondes. These observations are reproduced by a convection-permitting simulation carried out with the Meso-NH model, thanks to which a novel analysis combining Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches made it possible to characterize the complexity of the ascents in the WCB. The WCB ascent region is first studied. Three types of convective ascents are found and occur in a coherent and organized manner rather than as isolated cells. Two are caused by shallow convection related to the dynamics of the cold front and that of a low level jet. The third is due to mid-level convection, located on the western edge of the WCB between the low-level jet and the upper jet stream. It is the latter that feeds the anticyclonic branch of the WCB. The outflow of the WCB and its mid-level convection feed are then studied. An additional simulation is carried out for which the heat exchanges resulting from the cloud processes are cut off in order to highlight their impact on the upper-level dynamics. The reference simulation shows that the mid-level convection diabatically creates horizontal PV dipoles whose pole oriented towards the jet stream reaches negative values. These PV dipoles are then advected by the large-scale dynamics and persist over time. Thus, elongated bands of negative PV are found in the WCB outflow ten hours later. Comparing the two simulations shows that these negative PV bands reinforce the horizontal PV gradient at the tropopause, locally accelerating the jet stream. The results of the thesis show the complexity of convection that can be found in a WCB. They suggest that mid-level convection impacts the altitude dynamics and that its misrepresentation in large-scale models could explain in part the forecast errors downstream
Schuster, Heidi. "Effets des précurseurs de la glutamine sur les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion chaude dans un modèle de foie isolé et perfusé." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P644.
Full textGlutamine, via its immuno-regulatory properties and its role as a glutathione precursor could protect the liver against oxidative stress during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study we have investigated the effects of two glutamine precursors: ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) and the alanyl-glutamine dipeptide (Ala-Gln), on hepatic I/R injury using an isolated perfused rat liver model. Oral OKG supplementation for 4 days before the I/R insult induced a moderate reduction of TNFa production, an effect probably related to the immuno-modulatory effects of glutamine. However OKG does not improve liver metabolism and functionality. The supply of Ala-Gln during I/R does not affect hepatic glutathione content but exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. When associated with Vitamin E, a potent anti-oxidant, alanyl-glutamine leads to a significant improvement in liver function
Branza, Traian. "Rechargement par soudage d'aciers réfractaires moulés : application à la réparation des matrices de formage superplastique." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30246.
Full textSuperplastic forming (SPF) of TA6V aeronautical sheets is performed at temperatures close to 900°C. Forming tools, manufactured with heat resistant cast steels, are exposed to highly severe thermomechanical stress likely to cause their damage. The purpose of this study is to develop weld repair techniques for SPF dies and to characterize the weld joints using microstructural investigations and mechanical testing. The parameters of welding and filling are optimized in order to guarantee the best quality of the welded zone. The influence that parameters related to the weld repair process and the materials used, have on the propensity of the cast steels to crack during welding, is investigated. These analyses are performed on the macrographs of the welded zone and also using image analysis technique. For the very deep groove, two weld repair techniques are developed, the surface remelting of the material and the buttering. The mechanical performances of the repaired structures are evaluated using low cycle fatigue tests. The mechanical behaviour of the weld repair joints is also investigated using numerical simulation
Noudem, Jacques Guillaume. "Texturation des céramiques supraconductrices Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O par combinaison des effets du champ magnétique et de la contrainte uniaxiale à haute température." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10169.
Full textGoguenheim, Didier. "CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA FIABILITE DES OXYDES MINCES DANS LES STRUCTURES MOS." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421746.
Full textNos études sur les porteurs chauds nous ont aussi amené à étudier la fiabilité de transistor MOSFET lors de contraintes dynamiques (AC), caractéristiques des séquences de polarisation en mode normal de fonctionnement. Le résultat pratique de ce travail est la mise en oeuvre d'une méthodologie s'inspirant de l'hypothèse quasi-statique pour la prévision des durées de vie AC. Cette méthodologie, éprouvée et comparée aux résultats de mesure dans un certains nombre de cas où sa validité est reconnue, est appliquée au cas plus complexe du transistor de passage NMOS. L'accord reste satisfaisant, mais nous avons également mis en évidence les limitations de cette technique lors de séquences faisant intervenir des relaxations, des périodes de dépiégegage ou des dégradations bi-directionnelles.
Concernant le lien entre les étapes du procédé et la fiabilité, nous avons étudié l'influence d'une étape d'implantation ionique à haute énergie, qui induit un dégât dans le volume du semi-conducteur détecté électriquement par C(V), mais aussi des courants de fuite similaires au SILC (IILC Implantation Induced Leakage Current). Nous avons mis au point une méthodologie optimisée de détection du Wafer Charging, utilisant des injections très courtes de porteurs chauds (au pic de courant électronique) dans le transistor PMOS. Cette méthode s'est révélée plus sensible et plus révélatrice que les injections pratiquées en régime Fowler-Nordheim ou la simple étude paramétrique pour détecter les défauts latents issus du charging dans les oxydes minces. Enfin, nous avons identifié par DLTS les défauts issus d'une contamination au Fer dans le Silicium (paire Fe-B et Fer interstitiel Fei) et avons observé la re-transformation spontanée du Fei en paire Fe-B en quelques heures.
D'Ans, Pierre. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une démarche rationnelle de sélection des traitements de surface: illustration dans le cas des dispositifs de fonderie de l'aluminium." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210366.
Full text- Utiliser des multitraitements de surface peut se faire en scindant les différentes requêtes en sous-ensembles, de manière à ce que chaque traitement réponde à l’un d’eux. Dans quel ordre ces requêtes doivent-elles être introduites par rapport au substrat ?
- Comment sélectionner les traitements de surface répondant à chaque requête individuelle ?
- Comment classer des multitraitements en termes d’adéquation au problème posé ?
Dans ce travail, les première et troisième questions sont abordées, en explorant les requêtes concernant habituellement les dispositifs de moulage de l’aluminium :
- Résistance aux contraintes d’origine thermique.
- Résistance à la corrosion par les métaux fondus.
- Résistance au frottement.
L’analyse de la bibliographie relative aux traitements de surface utilisés dans ces systèmes a été analysée et des « architectures »-types ont été identifiées (chapitre 3). On prévoit, par exemple, un traitement conférant la résistance à la fatigue superficielle, ainsi qu’un revêtement étanche et résistant à l’aluminium fondu. Une barrière thermique est parfois préconisée.
Pour chacune des architectures, des traitements de surface individuels peuvent être sélectionnés. Un « facteur de performance » permettant de classer les solutions par rapport au problème de la fatigue thermique a été construit (chapitre 4) et discuté dans deux situations :
- Lorsqu’un revêtement est présent, et que les contraintes d’origine thermique (différence de dilatation thermique couche-substrat) menacent de le rompre lors de l’immersion dans un milieu corrosif à haute température. Des essais de corrosion dans de l’aluminium fondu ont été réalisés sur un acier revêtu par du nitrure de chrome dopé à l’aluminium, synthétisé par déposition physique en phase vapeur (chapitre 5 – collaboration :Inasmet).
- Lorsque des variations thermiques rapides menacent de rompre le substrat et la (les) couches. Des essais de fatigue thermique ont été réalisés sur de l’acier à outils pour travail à chaud non traité, boruré ou recouvert d’un multitraitements (zircone yttriée / NiCrAlY / boruration / acier). Le revêtement en zircone yttriée a été obtenu par projection par plasma. L’essai de fatigue thermique a été modélisé et le facteur de performance, discuté (chapitre 6).
Au chapitre 7, les architectures-types ont été introduites dans une méthodologie de sélection des multi-traitements de surface, qui a été appliquée dans deux cas :
- Celui des moules de fonderie, devant résister à la fatigue thermique et à la corrosion par l’aluminium fondu. Le facteur de performance a été extrapolé à d’autres situations qu’aux chapitres 5 et 6. Les solutions habituellement proposées pour résoudre ce problème sont retrouvées.
- Celui de deux pièces en acier frottant l’une contre l’autre en présence d’aluminium fondu.
To select surface treatments, one must account for the required functional properties, the substrate features and the solicitations the substrate must endure. Certain combinations of these parameters make it difficult to select a single surface treatment, a reason why several successive treatments are preferred. To select them, one needs to determine:
- How to divide the several requests into groups and how to stack up these groups from the substrate to the outer surface, so that each treatment deals with one specific group of requests/properties.
- How to select individual layers for each group of properties.
- How to rank the multi-treatments in terms of relevance for a given application.
In this work, one tries to answer the first and the third questions, by studying the case of aluminium foundry, in which the industrial devices frequently face the following solicitations:
- Thermal stress (thermal fatigue, thermal expansion mismatch).
- Presence of corrosive molten metal.
- Sliding wear.
In the literature, several “standard” architectures are proposed (chapter 3), like a diffusion layer reducing superficial fatigue plus a corrosion barrier layer. A thermal barrier coating is also sometimes proposed.
For each of these architectures, one can select individual treatments. To rank them, one devised a “performance index” for thermal stress (chap.4), which is discussed for two cases:
- For large differences between layer and substrate thermal expansion coefficients, when both are put into contact with a high temperature corrosive medium, the layer may be damaged. One discusses this case by examining the corrosion caused by molten aluminium for a steel substrate coated by anticorrosive chromium nitride doped with aluminium. The layer is produced by physical vapour deposition (chap. 5 – cooperation: Inasmet).
- Repeated fast surface temperature transients can also damage the substrate and/or the layer by thermal fatigue. One conducted thermal fatigue tests with samples of hot work tool steel, respectively untreated, simply borided and protected by a multilayer. In the last case, top coat is yttria stabilised zirconia, followed by a nickel superalloy and then a borided layer (undercoat). One synthesized the zirconia coating by plasma spray and one modelled the thermal fatigue (chap. 6).
In chap. 7, architectures from chap. 2 are introduced in a multi-treatment selection routine, which is applied in two cases:
- Foundry moulds for molten aluminium, withstanding both thermal fatigue and corrosion. The devised performance index is extrapolated beyond the tests of chap. 5 and 6 to treatments for this industrial application, thereby quantifying their respective merits.
- A foundry device exposed to molten metal and sliding wear.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
REY, ESPINASSE JEANNE. "Contribution a l'etude du zooplancton d'altitude et de la taxonomie des cladoceres." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30185.
Full text許存惠. "A Survey of Tai-Chi Chaun Exercisers'' Type A Behavior Pattern and Stress Perception." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04205625313312816641.
Full text國立體育學院
體育研究所
84
The purposes of this study were: (1) to understand the percentage of the numbers of Type A behavior pattern for Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers with different sex, age, and sport experience, (2) to compare the differences between Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers and general adults in Type A behavior pattern and stress perception, and (3) to explore whether there were effects of Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers'' sex, age and sport experience on Type A behavior pattern and stress perception. There Were 568 subjects( male 238, female 330) who took Tai-Chi Chaun exercise in Taipei area, With average age of 54.24 - 14.36 years old. This study adopted survey research method, and used" Type A Behavior Pattern Scale for Chinese People", " Trait Anxiety Inventory" , and " Trait Angry Scale" as the instruments to collect the research data. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and three-way ANOVA. The main findings were as follows: 1. The comparison of Type A behavior pattern between Tai-Chi Chain exercisers and general adults. (1) The score of " time urgency" of Tai-Chi Chain exercisers was lower than that of general adults. (2) The score of "competition and achievement" of Tai-Chi Chain exercisers was lower than that of general adults. (3) The score of "aggressiveness and hostility" of Tai- Chi Chain exercisers was lower than that of general adults. 2. The effects of Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers'' sex, age and sport experience on Type A behavior pattern. (1) There were interaction effects of Tai-Chi chaun exercisers'' age and sport experience on their " time urgency" , " competition and achievement" , and " aggressiveness and hostility" . (2) There was no difference of " time urgency" ," competition and achievement", and " aggressiveness and hostility" separately between male and female Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers. 3. The comparison of stress perception between Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers and general adults. (1) The score of " trait anxiety" of Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers was lower than that of general adults. (2) The score of " trait angry" of Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers was lower than that of general adults. 4. The effects of Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers'' sex, age, and sport experience on stress perception. (1) There were interaction effects of Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers'' age and sport experience on their" trait anxiety", and "trait angry". (2) The score of " trait anxiety" of male Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers was lower than that of female Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers, whereas, there was no difference of " trait angry" between male and female Tai-Chi Chaun exercisers. Based on the findings, the discussions were submitted and some suggestions were offered for the future research.
Asselin, Joanie. "L'effet des enrochements sur l'utilisation de l'espace par les communautés de poissons dans les Basses-Terres du Saint-Laurent." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14015.
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