Journal articles: 'Streptomyces'

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Kang, Seung-Hoon, Jianqiang Huang, Han-Na Lee, Yoon-Ah Hur, Stanley N. Cohen, and Eung-Soo Kim. "Interspecies DNA Microarray Analysis Identifies WblA as a Pleiotropic Down-Regulator of Antibiotic Biosynthesis in Streptomyces." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 11 (April 6, 2007): 4315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01789-06.

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ABSTRACT Using Streptomyces coelicolor microarrays to discover regulators of gene expression in other Streptomyces species, we identified wblA, a whiB-like gene encoding a putative transcription factor, as a down-regulator of doxorubicin biosynthesis in Streptomyces peucetius. Further analysis revealed that wblA functions pleiotropically to control antibiotic production and morphological differentiation in streptomycetes. Our results reveal a novel biological role for wblA and show the utility of interspecies microarray analysis for the investigation of streptomycete gene expression.

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Mattei, Valerio, Andrea Motta, Marco Saracchi, Andrea Kunova, Paolo Cortesi, Cristina Pizzatti, and Matias Pasquali. "Wheat Seed Coating with Streptomyces sp. Strain DEF39 Spores Protects against Fusarium Head Blight." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081536.

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Streptomycetes are promising candidates for the biological control of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat. Studies involving the use of streptomycetes as biological control agents (BCAs) have been limited to the application when the wheat plant is developed, close to the infection on the spike during flowering. Here, we tested the effects of seed treatment with the Streptomyces sp. DEF39 spores before sowing on FHB symptoms’ development. The seed treatment protected the plant from infection by Fusarium graminearum by 49% (p = 0.04). We traced Streptomyces sp. DEF39 in plant organs using strain-specific primers here developed, showing that the streptomycete acts as an endophyte, colonizing the plant tissues up to the spike as well as the roots. This work suggests that it is possible to use a streptomycete as a seed coating BCA, able to partially protect wheat from FHB disease.

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Hamid, Mohamed E., Adil Mahgoub, Abdulrhman J. O. Babiker, Hussein A. E. Babiker, Mohammed A. I. Holie, Mogahid M. Elhassan, and Martin R. P. Joseph. "Isolation and Identification of Streptomyces spp. from Desert and Savanna Soils in Sudan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238749.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate streptomycete populations in desert and savanna ecozones in Sudan and to identify species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. A total of 49 different Streptomyces phenotypes (22 from sites representing the desert and semi-desert ecozone; 27 representing the savanna ecozone) have been included in the study. The isolates were characterized phenotypically and confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The two ecozones showed both similarities and uniqueness in the types of isolates. The shared species were in cluster 1 (Streptomyces (S.) werraensis), cluster 2 (Streptomyces sp.), cluster 3 (S. griseomycini-like), and cluster 7 (S. rochei). The desert ecozone revealed unique species in cluster 9 (Streptomyces sp.) and cluster 10 (S. griseomycini). Whereas, the savanna ecozone revealed unique species in cluster 4 (Streptomyces sp.), cluster 5 (S. albogriseolus/ S. griseoincarnatus), cluster 6 (S. djakartensis), and cluster 8 (Streptomyces sp.). Streptomycetes are widely distributed in both desert and the savanna ecozones and many of these require full descriptions. Extending knowledge on Streptomyces communities and their dynamics in different ecological zones and their potential antibiotic production is needed.

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Wanner, Leslie A. "A New Strain of Streptomyces Causing Common Scab in Potato." Plant Disease 91, no. 4 (April 2007): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0352.

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Common scab is a serious disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and other root and tuber crops, affecting the quality and market value of these crops. The disease is caused by gram-positive soil bacteria in the genus Streptomyces. A new common scab-causing streptomycete was isolated from scabby potatoes originating in southeastern Idaho. Research has supported a model of horizontal transfer of pathogenicity determinants among streptomycetes, and the new strain has hallmarks of the recently characterized Streptomyces pathogenicity island (PAI); it has genes encoding the synthetase for the pathogenicity determinant thaxtomin and for a second pathogenicity factor, tomatinase, although it lacks a third gene characteristic of the Streptomyces PAI, the nec1 gene. The new strain has a unique 16s rDNA gene sequence closely related to those of other pathogenic Streptomyces species. This 16s rDNA sequence was also found in isolates lacking a PAI, suggesting that the new pathogenic strain arose by horizontal transfer of a PAI into a saprophytic streptomycete. Isolates of the new strain are pathogenic on radish and potato, and are more virulent than the S. scabies type strain. In addition to scab lesions on potato tubers, lesions were also seen on underground stems and stolons. This new strain represents additional complexity in the pathogenic strains causing plant disease in the United States.

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Strashnova, I. V., K. S. Potapenko, N. V. Korotaeva, G. V. Lisyutin, and I. P. Metelitsyna. "ANTAGONISTIC PROPERTIES OF THE BLACK SEA STREPTOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM THE FOULING OF SHELL ROCK AND MUSSELS." Microbiology&Biotechnology, no. 3(56) (January 31, 2023): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4663.2022.3(56).268585.

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SummaryThe rapid emergence of resistance by bacterial and fungal pathogens is a serious problem in the health care system, which causes the search for new promising producers of antimicrobial natural products in various ecological niches. Aim. To determine the antagonistic activity of streptomycetes isolated from the biological fouling of natural shell rock and mussels of the Odesa gulf of the Black Sea. Methods. The antagonistic activity of 19 and 14 strains of streptomycetes isolated from the fouling of shell rock and mussels of the Odesa gulf, respectively, were investigated. Streptomycetes were pre-cultivated on agar media Gause 1, Gause 2 and oat agar with sea salt (2%) at a temperature of 30 °C for 10 days. Antagonistic activity against 12 test cultures was determined by the block method. Results. All isolated marine streptomycetes are antagonists of at least one strain of the indicator microorganism. Antibiotic activity depended on the source of the streptomycetes isolation, culture medium and properties of specific strains of both producers and test cultures. The best activity of streptomycetes strains from shell rock was shown after cultivation on Gause 1 medium, and streptomycetes from mussels – after cultivation on Gause 2 medium. The zones of no growth of sensitive indicators ranged from 12,4±0,3 mm to 20,6±0,2 mm (under the influence of streptomycetes from shell rock) and from 12,4±0,2 mm to 39,7±0,2 mm (under the influence of streptomycetes from mussels). Streptomyces sp. Lim 2.2 (strain from a shell rock) inhibited the growth of 8 test cultures, and strains from mussels Streptomyces sp. Myt 4b and Myt 7ch – 10 test cultures. Indicator strains of gram-positive bacteria were the most sensitive to all streptomycetes, in particular, strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was most inhibited by metabolites of Streptomyces spp. Myt 12a and Myt 12b. Conclusions. Antagonistic activity of streptomycetes isolated from the Black Sea depended on the source of isolation, pre-cultivation medium and properties of both producer strains and indicator microorganisms. The greatest activity of streptomycete strains from shell rock and mussels was shown after preliminary cultivation, respectively, on Gause 1 and Gause 2 media against gram-positive bacteria. The best antibiotic potential was found in strains of Streptomyces sp. Lim 2.2, Lim 4, Lim 5.1 and Lim 7.2, isolated from the fouling of shell rock, and strains of Streptomyces sp. Myt 7b, Myt 7ch, Myt 12a and Myt 12b isolated from mussels.

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Pospíšil, Stanislav, Věra Přikrylová, Jan Němeček, and Jaroslav Spížek. "Oxidation and amidation of salicylate by Streptomyces species." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 867–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-111.

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Seven streptomycete strains were tested for biotransformation of salicylate. The products were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and three types of conversion were found. Streptomyces cinnamonensis and Streptomyces spectabilis formed gentisate and salicylamide concurrently. Streptomyces rimosus transformed salicylate to salicylamide. Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces avermitilis produced only gentisate. Time course studies of salicylate conversion by thin-layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography showed that salicylamide was accumulated in the culture broth, whereas gentisate was further metabolized.Key words: salicylate, gentisate, salicylamide, biotransformation, Streptomyces spp.

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Mao, Jun, Qiyong Tang, Zhidong Zhang, Wei Wang, Dong Wei, Ying Huang, Zhiheng Liu, Yuhu Shi, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces radiopugnans sp. nov., a radiation-resistant actinomycete isolated from radiation-polluted soil in China." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65027-0.

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The taxonomic position of an actinomycete isolated from radiation-polluted soil collected in Xinjiang Province, north-west China, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The isolate, designated strain R97T, had chemical and morphological properties characteristic of streptomycetes. An almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was generated and compared with corresponding sequences of representative streptomycetes. The 16S rRNA data not only supported the classification of the strain in the genus Streptomyces but also showed that it represented a distinct phyletic line that was most closely, albeit loosely, associated with three other thermotolerant organisms, namely Streptomyces macrosporus NBRC 14748T, Streptomyces megasporus NBRC 14749T and Streptomyces thermolineatus NBRC 14750T. Strain R97T could be distinguished from these organisms based on a range of phenotypic properties. It is proposed that R97T (=CGMCC 4.3519T =DSM 41901T) be classified as the type strain of a novel species in the genus Streptomyces, Streptomyces radiopugnans sp. nov. The organism was shown to be resistant to 60Co gamma radiation at a dose of 15 kGy.

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Awad A Algarni and Essam H Abdel-Shakour. "Molecular identification of streptomycetes by exploiting RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) gene in Saudi arabia." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0072.

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This study was designed with the aim of exploring the efficacy of RNA polymerase beta subunit, rpoB gene analysis for the identification of streptomycetes. A characteristic marine environment distinguished by their content of streptomycetes were targeted, and two organisms of the genus Streptomyces were isolated in Saudi Arabia. The two Streptomyces spp., named isolates EH1 and EH2 were isolated and subjected to the regular phenotypic characterization including morphological and physiological studies, analyses of cells hydrolysates, detecting their antibacterial activities and pocks formation ability. These isolates showed inhibitory activity of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The two isolates gave positive results in pocks formation test, which indicated that both must belong to the genus Streptomyces. Molecular identification of both isolates was accomplished through analysis of the beta-subunit of the RNA polymerase gene (rpoB) to assist in species identification. The target fragments 352 bp were amplified and detected in both isolates using agarose gel electrophoresis, indicating that they belong to the genus Streptomyces. The amplified product of the isolate EH1 was sequenced and 296 bp continuous sequence was determined (GenBank accession MK569762.1). By matching the obtained sequence with the Streptomyces DNA sequence databases, the isolate EH1 was found very similar to Streptomyces labedae. The study concluded with the possibility of using molecular analysis of RNA polymerase beta subunit gene to correctly identify streptomycetes to the species level.

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Sun, Wei, Ying Huang, Yue-Qin Zhang, and Zhi-Heng Liu. "Streptomyces emeiensis sp. nov., a novel streptomycete from soil in China." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64934-0.

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An actinomycete, strain 4776T, was isolated from soil collected from Emei Mountain in Sichuan Province, China. The taxonomic status of this strain was established using a polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of streptomycetes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel isolate belongs to the genus Streptomyces and consistently falls into a clade together with Streptomyces prasinopilosus DSM 40098T, Streptomyces prasinus JCM 4603T, Streptomyces bambergiensis DSM 40590T, Streptomyces hirsutus DSM 40095T and Streptomyces cyanoalbus DSM 40198T. However, DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain 4776T from these phylogenetically related type strains. It is therefore concluded that strain 4776T (=CGMCC 4.3504T=DSM 41884T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces emeienseis sp. nov. is proposed.

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Saintpierre-Bonaccio, Danielle, Hamid Amir, René Pineau, Sanaa Lemriss, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces ferralitis sp. nov., a novel streptomycete isolated from a New-Caledonian ultramafic soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 2061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02891-0.

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The taxonomic position of an actinomycete isolated from an ultramafic soil in New Caledonia was determined using a polyphasic approach. The isolate, which was designated SFOp68T, was shown to have chemical and morphological properties typical of streptomycetes. An almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was generated and compared with sequences of representative streptomycetes. The 16S rRNA data not only supported the classification of the strain in the genus Streptomyces, but also showed that it formed a distinct phyletic line that was most closely related to one composed of the type strain of Streptomyces rimosus. The two organisms can be readily separated using a diverse range of phenotypic properties. It is proposed that strain SFOp68T (=DSM 41836T=NCIMB 13954T) be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces ferralitis sp. nov.

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Xu, Chunguang, Liming Wang, Qingfeng Cui, Ying Huang, Zhiheng Liu, Guangyu Zheng, and Michael Goodfellow. "Neutrotolerant acidophilic Streptomyces species isolated from acidic soils in China: Streptomyces guanduensis sp. nov., Streptomyces paucisporeus sp. nov., Streptomyces rubidus sp. nov. and Streptomyces yanglinensis sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63959-0.

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The taxonomic status of six neutrotolerant acidophilic streptomycetes isolated from acidic soils in Yunnan Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed that the isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces. Almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were determined and aligned with available corresponding sequences of representatives of the family Streptomycetaceae; phylogenetic trees were inferred using four tree-making algorithms. The isolates formed a distinct, albeit heterogeneous, subclade in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree together with the type strain of Streptomyces yeochonensis, but were readily distinguishable from the latter using DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic data. It was evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that the isolates belonged to four novel Streptomyces species, for which the following names are proposed: Streptomyces guanduensis sp. nov. (type strain 701T=CGMCC 4.2022T=JCM 13274T), Streptomyces paucisporeus sp. nov. (type strain 1413T=CGMCC 4.2025T=JCM 13276T), Streptomyces rubidus sp. nov. (type strain 13c15T=CGMCC 4.2026T=JCM 13277T) and Streptomyces yanglinensis sp. nov. (type strain 1307T=CGMCC 4.2023T=JCM 13275T); isolates 317 and 913 belong to this latter species.

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Smaoui, Slim, Florence Mathieu, Ben Fguira, Georges Merlina, and Lotfi Mellouli. "Taxonomy and antimicrobial activities of a new Streptomyces sp. TN17 isolated in the soil from an oasis in Tunis." Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 4 (2011): 1047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1104047s.

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An actinomycete strain referred to as TN17 was screened for its antimicrobial activities. The taxonomic status of this strain was established. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of Streptomycetes. Based on the 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences, Streptomyces sp. TN17 was found to have a relationship with Streptomyces lilaceus, Streptomyces gobitricini and Streptomyces lavendofoliae. Combined analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene sequence (FN687757), phylogenetic analysis, fatty acids profile and physiological tests indicated that there are genotypic and phenotypic differences between TN17 and neighboring Streptomyces species? neighbors. Therefore, TN17 is a novel species: Streptomyces sp. TN17 (=DSM 42020T=CTM50229T). A cultured extract of this strain inhibits the growth of several Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi.

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Neeno-Eckwall, Eric C., Linda L. Kinkel, and Janet L. Schottel. "Competition and antibiosis in the biological control of potato scab." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-010.

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Nonpathogenic, antibiotic-producing streptomycetes have been shown to reduce potato scab when added to disease-conducive soil. Spontaneous mutants of the pathogenic Streptomyces scabies RB4 that are resistant to at least one antibiotic activity produced by the nonpathogenic suppressive isolates Streptomyces diastatochromogenes strain PonSSII and S. scabies PonR have been isolated. To determine the importance of antibiosis in this biocontrol system, these mutants were investigated for their ability to cause disease in the presence of the two pathogen antagonists in a greenhouse assay. Disease caused by one of the mutant strains was reduced in the presence of both suppressive isolates, whereas disease caused by the other five mutants was not significantly reduced by either suppressive strain. In addition, a nonpathogenic mutant of S. scabies RB4 was isolated, which produced no detectable in vitro antibiotic activity and reduced disease caused by its pathogenic parent strain when the pathogen and mutant were coinoculated into soil. Population densities of the pathogen were consistently lower than those of the suppressive strains when individual strains were inoculated into soil. When a pathogen was coinoculated with a suppressive strain, the total streptomycete population density in the pot was always less than that observed when the suppressive isolate was inoculated alone. When the pathogens were inoculated individually into soil, a positive correlation was seen between population density and disease severity. In coinoculation experiments with pathogen and suppressive strains, higher total streptomycete population densities were correlated with lower amounts of disease.Key words: Streptomyces scabies, biological control, antibiotic resistance, potato scab disease.

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González, Valentina, María José Vargas-Straube, Walter O. Beys-da-Silva, Lucélia Santi, Pedro Valencia, Fabrizio Beltrametti, and Beatriz Cámara. "Enzyme Bioprospection of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria from the Chilean Coast and New Insight in the Mechanism of Keratin Degradation in Streptomyces sp. G11C." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110537.

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Marine actinobacteria are viewed as a promising source of enzymes with potential technological applications. They contribute to the turnover of complex biopolymers, such as pectin, lignocellulose, chitin, and keratin, being able to secrete a wide variety of extracellular enzymes. Among these, keratinases are a valuable alternative for recycling keratin-rich waste, which is generated in large quantities by the poultry industry. In this work, we explored the biocatalytic potential of 75 marine-derived actinobacterial strains, focusing mainly on the search for keratinases. A major part of the strains secreted industrially important enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, and keratinases. Among these, we identified two streptomycete strains that presented great potential for recycling keratin wastes—Streptomyces sp. CHA1 and Streptomyces sp. G11C. Substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, inoculum size were found to be important parameters that influenced the production of keratinolytic enzymes in both strains. In addition, proteomic analysis of culture broths from Streptomyces sp. G11C on turkey feathers showed a high abundance and diversity of peptidases, belonging mainly to the serine and metallo-superfamilies. Two proteases from families S08 and M06 were highly expressed. These results contributed to elucidate the mechanism of keratin degradation mediated by streptomycetes.

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Keinath, Anthony P., and Rosemary Loria. "Melanin-producing Streptomyces spp. respond to potato plant growth and differentially to potato cultivars." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-048.

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Population dynamics of Streptomyces spp. producing melanoid pigments were monitored in field plots planted to the potato cultivars 'Chippewa' (susceptible to common scab) or 'Superior' (resistant), and in fallow control plots. Relative frequencies of streptomycetes most commonly isolated from soil, the rhizosphere, and potato tuber surfaces were determined during two growing seasons. Shannon indices of diversity indicated populations in soils planted to potatoes were more diverse than populations in fallow soil. In 1986, S. diastatochromogenes and S. longisporus accounted for ≥38% of all streptomycetes observed in all three environments. In 1987, S. diastatochromogenes was observed frequently in soil, while S. longisporus was observed rarely in all environments. Relative numbers of three Streptomyces spp. differed in the rhizospheres of 'Chippewa' and 'Superior' (P ≤ 0.05). This is the first report of a differential response of Streptomyces spp. to potato cultivars. Key words: rhizosphere, Solanum tuberosum, Streptomyces spp., melanin.

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Rong, Xiaoying, and Ying Huang. "Taxonomic evaluation of the Streptomyces griseus clade using multilocus sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization, with proposal to combine 29 species and three subspecies as 11 genomic species." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.012419-0.

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Streptomyces griseus and related species form the biggest but least well-defined clade in the whole Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) has shown promising potential for refining Streptomyces systematics. In this investigation, strains of 18 additional S. griseus clade species were analysed and data from a previous pilot study were integrated in a larger MLSA phylogeny. The results demonstrated that MLSA of five housekeeping genes (atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB) is better than the previous six-gene scheme, as it provides equally good resolution and stability and is more cost-effective; MLSA using three or four of the genes also shows good resolution and robustness for differentiating most of the strains and is therefore of value for everyday use. MLSA is more suitable for discriminating strains that show >99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) between strains with representative MLSA distances revealed a strong correlation between the data of MLSA and DDH. The 70 % DDH value for current species definition corresponds to a five-gene MLSA distance of 0.007, which could be considered as the species cut-off for the S. griseus clade. It is concluded that the MLSA procedure can be a practical, reliable and robust alternative to DDH for the identification and classification of streptomycetes at the species and intraspecies levels. Based on the data from MLSA and DDH, as well as cultural and morphological characteristics, 18 species and three subspecies of the S. griseus clade are considered to be later heterotypic synonyms of 11 genomic species: Streptomyces griseinus and Streptomyces mediolani as synonyms of Streptomyces albovinaceus; Streptomyces praecox as a synonym of Streptomyces anulatus; Streptomyces olivoviridis as a synonym of Streptomyces atroolivaceus; Streptomyces griseobrunneus as a synonym of Streptomyces bacillaris; Streptomyces cavourensis subsp. washingtonensis as a synonym of Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus; Streptomyces acrimycini, Streptomyces baarnensis, Streptomyces caviscabies and Streptomyces flavofuscus as synonyms of Streptomyces fimicarius; Streptomyces flavogriseus as a synonym of Streptomyces flavovirens; Streptomyces erumpens, ‘Streptomyces ornatus’ and Streptomyces setonii as synonyms of Streptomyces griseus; Streptomyces graminofaciens as a synonym of Streptomyces halstedii; Streptomyces alboviridis, Streptomyces griseus subsp. alpha, Streptomyces griseus subsp. cretosus and Streptomyces luridiscabiei as synonyms of Streptomyces microflavus; and Streptomyces californicus and Streptomyces floridae as synonyms of Streptomyces puniceus.

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Hozzein, Wael N., and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces synnematoformans sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a sand dune soil in Egypt." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 2009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65037-0.

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A polyphasic taxonomic study was undertaken to establish the status of a novel actinomycete, strain S155T, isolated from a sand dune soil in Egypt. The organism formed characteristic synnemata-like structures and exhibited chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces. An almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was compared with corresponding sequences of representative streptomycetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence data supported the assignment of the strain to the genus Streptomyces and showed that it formed a distinct phyletic line; the organism was most similar to the type strains of Streptomyces ruber (97.0 %), Streptomyces rubiginosus (97.0 %), Streptomyces roseiscleroticus (96.9 %) and Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans (97.1 %). It was readily distinguished from the type strains of these species using a combination of phenotypic properties. On the basis of these results, strain S155T (=CGMCC 4.2055T =DSM 41902T) is proposed as the type strain of the novel species Streptomyces synnematoformans sp. nov.

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Rodríguez Estévez, Marta, Maksym Myronovskyi, Birgit Rosenkränzer, Thomas Paululat, Lutz Petzke, Jeanette Ristau, and Andriy Luzhetskyy. "Novel Fredericamycin Variant Overproduced by a Streptomycin-Resistant Streptomyces albus subsp. chlorinus Strain." Marine Drugs 18, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18060284.

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Streptomycetes are an important source of natural products potentially applicable in the pharmaceutical industry. Many of these drugs are secondary metabolites whose biosynthetic genes are very often poorly expressed under laboratory cultivation conditions. In many cases, antibiotic-resistant mutants exhibit increased production of natural drugs, which facilitates the identification and isolation of new substances. In this study, we report the induction of a type II polyketide synthase gene cluster in the marine strain Streptomyces albus subsp. chlorinus through the selection of streptomycin-resistant mutants, resulting in overproduction of the novel compound fredericamycin C2 (1). Fredericamycin C2 (1) is structurally related to the potent antitumor drug lead fredericamycin A.

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Zucchi, Tiago Domingues, Byung-yong Kim, Jenileima Devi Kshetrimayum, Hang-Yeon Weon, Soon-Wo Kwon, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces brevispora sp. nov. and Streptomyces laculatispora sp. nov., actinomycetes isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_3 (March 1, 2012): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.029991-0.

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The taxonomic positions of two actinomycetes isolated from a hay meadow soil sample were determined using a polyphasic approach. The isolates had chemical and morphological properties typical of streptomycetes and formed a distinct 16S rRNA gene subclade together with the type strain Streptomyces drozdowiczii NRRL B-24297T. DNA–DNA relatedness studies showed that the three strains belonged to different genomic species. The organisms were also distinguished using a combination of phenotypic properties. On the basis of these data it is proposed that the isolates be assigned to the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces brevispora sp. nov. and Streptomyces laculatispora sp. nov., with BK160T ( = KACC 21093T = NCIMB 14702T) and BK166T ( = KACC 20907T = NCIMB 14703T) as the respective type strains.

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Al-Bari, M. Abdul Alim, M. Shah Alam Bhuiyan, María Elena Flores, Pavel Petrosyan, Martín García-Varela, and M. Anwar Ul Islam. "Streptomyces bangladeshensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, which produces bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 1973–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63516-0.

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The taxonomic position of an actinomycete strain isolated from soil from Natore, Bangladesh, was examined by using a polyphasic approach. The strain, designated AAB-4T, was assigned to the genus Streptomyces on the basis of chemical and morphological criteria. It formed Rectiflexibiles aerial hyphae that carried long chains of rounded spores. The 16S rRNA gene of strain AAB-4T was sequenced directly and then compared with those of previously studied streptomycetes following the generation of two phylogenetic trees by using maximum-likelihood and neighbour-joining algorithms. This confirmed the assignment of the novel strain to the genus Streptomyces. This strain showed a high level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Streptomyces thermodiastaticus and Streptomyces longisporus, among others, but could be distinguished from them by phenotypic and physiological traits. This micro-organism produces bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, an antibacterial and antifungal agent. It is proposed that strain AAB-4T be classified as a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, as Streptomyces bangladeshensis sp. nov. (type strain, AAB-4T=LMG 22738T=NRRL B-24326T).

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Kim, Byung-Yong, Xiaoying Rong, Tiago D. Zucchi, Avinash N. V. Bonda, Ying Huang, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces herbaceus sp. nov., Streptomyces incanus sp. nov. and Streptomyces pratens sp. nov., isolated from the soil of a hay meadow." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_8 (August 1, 2012): 1908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.036384-0.

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The taxonomic positions of three streptomycetes isolated from a soil sample from a hay meadow were determined using a polyphasic approach. The isolates had chemical and morphological properties typical of the genus Streptomyces and, in phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, formed a distinct subclade that was most closely related to the Streptomyces prasinus subclade. DNA–DNA relatedness studies showed that the novel strains belonged to three different genomic species. The novel strains could be distinguished from one another and from the type strains of the species classified in the S. prasinus subclade using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that the novel strains be assigned to the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces herbaceus sp. nov., Streptomyces incanus sp. nov. and Streptomyces pratens sp. nov., with BK119T ( = KACC 21001T = CGMCC 4.5797T), BK128T ( = KACC 21002T = CGMCC 4.5799T) and BK138T ( = KACC 20904T = CGMCC 4.5800T) as the respective type strains.

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Kim, Byung-Yong, Tiago Domingues Zucchi, Hans-Peter Fiedler, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces cocklensis sp. nov., a dioxamycin-producing actinomycete." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.029983-0.

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The taxonomic position of a streptomycete isolated from soil collected from Cockle Park Experimental Farm, Northumberland, UK, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The organism had chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis supported classification of the strain in the genus Streptomyces and showed that it formed a distinct phyletic line loosely associated with members of the Streptomyces yeochonensis clade. It was related most closely to Streptomyces paucisporeus 1413T (98.6 %16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), but could be distinguished from the latter based on the low level of DNA–DNA relatedness (40 %). It was readily distinguished from the type strains of all species assigned to the S. yeochonensis clade based on a combination of phenotypic properties. Strain BK168T ( = KACC 20908T = NCIMB 14704T) should therefore be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces cocklensis sp. nov. is proposed. The organism produces the antibiotic dioxamycin.

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Schlatter, Daniel C., Deborah A. Samac, Mesfin Tesfaye, and Linda L. Kinkel. "Rapid and Specific Method for Evaluating Streptomyces Competitive Dynamics in Complex Soil Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 6 (January 15, 2010): 2009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02320-09.

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ABSTRACT Quantifying target microbial populations in complex communities remains a barrier to studying species interactions in soil environments. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed for quantifying pathogenic Streptomyces scabiei and antibiotic-producing Streptomyces lavendulae strains in complex soil communities. This assay will be useful for evaluating the competitive dynamics of streptomycetes in soil.

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Le, Khanh Duy, Nan Hee Yu, Ae Ran Park, Dong-Jin Park, Chang-Jin Kim, and Jin-Cheol Kim. "Streptomyces sp. AN090126 as a Biocontrol Agent against Bacterial and Fungal Plant Diseases." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040791.

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Bacteria and fungi are major phytopathogens which substantially affect global agricultural productivity. In the present study, Streptomyces sp. AN090126, isolated from agricultural suppressive soil in Korea, showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against various phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. In the 96-well plate assay, the fermentation filtrate of Streptomyces sp. AN090126 exhibited antimicrobial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.63–10% for bacteria and 0.63–3.3% for fungi. The MIC of the partially purified fraction was 20.82–250 µg/mL for bacteria and 15.6–83.33 µg/mL for fungi. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that AN090126 produced various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including dimethyl sulfide and trimethyl sulfide, which inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in in vitro VOC assays. In pot experiments, the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. AN090126 reduced tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, red pepper leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and creeping bentgrass dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the secondary metabolites derived from this strain showed a synergistic effect with streptomycin sulfate against streptomycin-resistant Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causative agent of Kimchi cabbage soft rot, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore, Streptomyces sp. AN090126 is a potential biocontrol agent in controlling plant diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi, specifically by the streptomycin-resistant strains.

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He, Liang, Wei Li, Ying Huang, Liming Wang, Zhiheng Liu, Benjamin Lanoot, Marc Vancanneyt, and Jean Swings. "Streptomyces jietaisiensis sp. nov., isolated from soil in northern China." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 1939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63460-0.

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An actinomycete, strain FXJ46T, was isolated from cypress forest soil in northern China and shown to have chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with streptomycetes. It developed greyish aerial mycelium and pinkish-brown substrate mycelium on oatmeal agar. Phylogenetic analyses based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain and on the 120 nucleotide variable γ-region of this molecule showed that it formed a distinct (but closely associated) line with Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus DSM 40430T in Streptomyces trees. However, the DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains was only 48·8 %. A number of phenotypic properties also readily distinguished the isolate from S. griseoaurantiacus and related Streptomyces species with validly published names. It is proposed, therefore, that this organism be classified as a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces jietaisiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FXJ46T (=AS 4.1859T=JCM 12279T).

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Ravel, Jacques, Elizabeth M. H. Wellington, and Russell T. Hill. "Interspecific Transfer of StreptomycesGiant Linear Plasmids in Sterile Amended Soil Microcosms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.2.529-534.2000.

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ABSTRACT The interspecific transfer of two giant linear plasmids was investigated in sterile soil microcosms. Plasmids pRJ3L (322 kb) and pRJ28 (330 kb), both encoding mercury resistance, were successfully transferred in amended soil microcosms from their streptomycete hosts, the isolates CHR3 and CHR28, respectively, to a plasmidless and mercury-sensitive strain, Streptomyces lividans TK24. Transconjugants of S. lividans TK24 were first observed after 2 to 3 days of incubation at 30°C, which corresponded to the time taken for the formation of mycelia in soil. Transfer frequencies were 4.8 × 10−4 and 3.6 × 10−5CFU/donor genome for pRJ3L and pRJ28, respectively. Transconjugants were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the presence of plasmids, and plasmid identity was confirmed by restriction digests. Total genomic DNA digests confirmed that transconjugants were S. lividans TK24. The mercury resistance genes were shown to be on the plasmid in the transconjugants by hybridization analysis and were still functional. This is the first demonstration of transfer of giant linear plasmids in sterile soil microcosms. Giant linear plasmids were detected in many Streptomyces spp. isolated from mercury-contaminated sediments from Boston Harbor (United States), Townsville Harbor (Australia), and the Sali River (Tucuman, Argentina). Mercury resistance genes were shown to be present on some of these plasmids. Our findings that giant linear plasmids can be transferred between Streptomyces spp. and are common in environmentalStreptomyces isolates suggest that these plasmids are important in gene transfer between streptomycetes in the environment.

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Ekundayo, FO, KA Oyeniran, and AD Adedokun. "Antimicrobial activities of some Streptomyces isolated from garden soil samples and fish pond water in Futa." Journal of Bio-Science 22 (October 21, 2016): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v22i0.30005.

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Context: Streptomyces are potential sources for secondary metabolites possessing a variety of biological activities with antimicrobial activity, which is used for human and animal treatment. It is estimated these bacteria synthesize more than 7,000 metabolites. About 80% of these are made by members of the genus Streptomyces. Streptomyces spp. is known as producers of several bioactive metabolites which has antibiotic, antiparasitic, antitumor, insecticide, herbicide, etc.Objectives: Determine the antimicrobial activities of Streptomyces isolates and compare the efficacy of the antimicrobial activities of Streptomycetes with selected commercial antimicrobial agents.Materials and methods: Collection of samples and test organisms; physicochemical screening; antimicrobial assay (co-culture method); antibiotics sensitivity test (disc-diffusion assay).Result: Streptomyces griseoflavus, Streptomyces parvus and Streptomyces albidus were isolated from dry soil while Streptomyces vinaceus and Streptomyces globiosporus from moist-fresh soil and fish pond water used for cultivation of cat fish Clarias garienpinus respectively. Out of these five (5) isolates isolated, 3 isolates (60%) exhibited antibacterial activity against the following pathogenic, nosocomial organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus saprophyticus, and Trichoderma spp respectively. S. griseoflavus demonstrated antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, Trichoderma spp and Candida spp. S. albidus against S. typhi and A. fumigatus while S. parvus was inhibitory to S. aureus and A. fumigatus. The active isolates inhibited bacteria growth (0 to 39.33 mm). Commercial antimicrobials used also demonstrated inhibitory effects against the test pathogens.Conclusion: The garden soil of FUTA farm contains Streptomyces spp. with antibacterial and antifungal activities.J. bio-sci. 22: 21-29, 2014

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Sarmin, Nurul’ Izzah Mohd, Geok Yuan Annie Tan, Christopher M. M. Franco, RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel, Jalifah Latip, and Noraziah Mohamad Zin. "Streptomyces kebangsaanensis sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from an ethnomedicinal plant, which produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_10 (October 1, 2013): 3733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.047878-0.

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A spore-forming streptomycete designated strain SUK12T was isolated from a Malaysian ethnomedicinal plant. Its taxonomic position, established using a polyphasic approach, indicates that it is a novel species of the genus Streptomyces . Morphological and chemical characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of members of the genus Streptomyces . Analysis of the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain SUK12T in the genus Streptomyces where it formed a distinct phyletic line with recognized species of this genus. The strain exhibited highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces corchorusii DSM 40340T (98.2 %) followed by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus NRRL B-3310T (98.1 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 74 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [MK-9(H8) as the major menaquinone; LL-diaminopimelic acid as a component of cell-wall peptidoglycan; C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C15 : 0 and C17 : 1 as the major fatty acids; phospholipid type II] supported the affiliation of strain SUK12T to the genus Streptomyces . The results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic data derived from this and previous studies allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain SUK12T from the related species of the genus Streptomyces . The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain SUK12T and S. corchorusii DSM 40340T is 18.85±4.55 %. Strain SUK12T produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, known as tubermycin B, an antibacterial agent. It is proposed, therefore, that strain SUK12T ( = DSM 42048T = NRRL B-24860T) be classified in the genus Streptomyces as the type strain of Streptomyces kebangsaanensis sp. nov.

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Polishchuk, L. V., and V. V. Lukyanchuk. "Sequences Similar to the lan-Cluster (Streptomyces cyanogenus S136) Were Found in the Genomes of Other Streptomycetes." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 85, no. 3 (June 21, 2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.03.012.

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The aim of the work is to identify strains of streptomycetes in the genomes of which there are nucleotide sequences similar to the gene cluster determining the synthesis of landomycin A (lan-cluster) and establish the level of similarity of their primary structures and organizations. Methods. Information on the sequences of the lan-cluster of Streptomyces cyanogenus S136 and chromosomal DNAs of S. cyanogenus S136, Streptomyces laculatispora NRRL B-24909, and Streptomyces griseoluteus JCM 4765 and their annotations are presented in the GenBank database on the NSBI server. A computerized analysis of the nucleotide sequences of streptomycetes was done using the program BLASTN from the server NSBI. Results. The localization of the lan-cluster in the terminal region of the S. cyanogenus S136 genome has been shown. The nucleotide sequences similar to the lan-cluster sequence of S. cyanogenus S136 were found in the genomes of two strains (S. laculatispora NRRL B-24909 and S. griseoluteus JCM 4765). Streptomycetes (S. cyanogenus S136, S. laculatispora NRRL B-24909, and S. griseoluteus JCM 4765) are not genetically related strains. Conclusions. There are newly found probable lan-clusters in the genomes of two streptomycetes strains (S. laculatispora NRRL B-24909 and S. griseoluteus JCM 4765). Landomycin clusters of three strains are organized according to the same scheme. The clusters of lan-genes are present in the genomes of genetically unrelated streptomycetes.

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Gopalakrishnan, Subramaniam, Srinivas Vadlamudi, Shravya Apparla, Prakash Bandikinda, Rajendran Vijayabharathi, Ratna Kumari Bhimineni, and Om Rupela. "Evaluation ofStreptomycesspp. for their plant-growth-promotion traits in rice." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 8 (August 2013): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0287.

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Five strains of Streptomyces (CAI-17, CAI-68, CAI-78, KAI-26, and KAI-27) were previously reported to have potential for charcoal rot control and plant growth promotion (PGP) in sorghum. In this study, those 5 Streptomyces strains were characterized for their enzymatic activities and evaluated for their PGP capabilities on rice. All the Streptomyces strains were able to produce lipase and β-1,3-glucanase; grew in NaCl (up to 8%), at pH 5–13, and at temperatures 20–40 °C; and were resistant to ampicillin, sensitive to nalidixic acid, and highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. They were highly tolerant to the fungicide bavistin but were highly sensitive to benlate, benomyl, and radonil. When evaluated on rice in the field, Streptomyces significantly enhanced tiller and panicle numbers, stover and grain yields, dry matter, root length, volume and dry weight, compared with the control. In the rhizosphere at harvest, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and % organic carbon were also found significantly higher in Streptomyces-treated plots than in the control plots. This study further confirms that the selected Streptomyces have PGP activities.

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Ray, Lopamudra, Mrutyunjay Suar, Ajit Kumar Pattnaik, and Vishakha Raina. "Streptomyces chilikensis sp. nov., a halophilic streptomycete isolated from brackish water sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_8 (August 1, 2013): 2757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.046284-0.

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A novel actinobacterial strain, designated RC 1830T, was isolated from the sediment of estuarine coastal brackish water lagoon of Chilika Lake, in Khurdha district of Odisha, India, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain RC 1830T was halophilic and alkali-tolerant and found to hydrolyse chitin, starch, tributyrin, lecithin, Tween 80, cellulose, gelatin and casein. The diagnostic presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H4 and H6) as major menaquinones noticeably associated the strain to the genus Streptomyces . After comparison and analysis of the near complete 16S rRNA gene sequence with representative strains of other streptomycetes, it was evident that strain RC 1830T belonged to the genus Streptomyces , and exhibited the highest sequence similarities of 99.53 %, 99.25 %, 99.11 %, 99.10 % and 99. 06 % to Streptomyces fragilis DSM 40044T, Streptomyces coelicoflavus NBRC 15399T, Streptomyces flaveolus NBRC 3715T, Streptomyces lavenduligrisesus NBRC 13405T and Streptomyces eurythermus ATCC 14975T, respectively. Reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree for the genus Streptomyces revealed that strain RC 1830T formed a distinct phyletic line and clustered with its most closely related neighbour S. fragilis DSM 40044T. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain RC 1830T and the most closely related type strain S. fragilis DSM 40044T were determined to be 17.7±4.55 %. Additionally, morphological, biochemical and physiological tests were able to distinguish the strain from the most closely related type strain S. fragilis DSM 40044T and other closely related neighbours, S. coelicoflavus DSM 41471T and Streptomyces flaveolus DSM 40061T. Based on a range of phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain RC 1830T is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces chilikensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RC 1830T ( = JCM 18411T = DSM 42072T).

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BAUMANN, R., R. HÜTTER, and D. A. HOPWOOD. "Genetic Analysis in a Melanin-producing Streptomycete, Streptomyces glaucescens." Microbiology 81, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-81-2-463.

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Summary: Using crossing and analysis procedures similar to those applied to Streptomyces coelicolor a3(2), several auxotrophic and streptomycin-resistant markers were located on a circular linkage map of the melanin-producing Streptomyces glaucescens, strain eth22794. The linkage map of S. glaucescens is similar to that of S. coelicolor ≪g≫a≪/g≫3(2), in the sequence of markers and in the presence of two long silent regions.

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Lambert, D. H., R. Loria, D. P. Labeda, and G. S. Saddler. "Recommendation for the conservation of the name Streptomyces scabies. Request for an Opinion." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65275-0.

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The primary streptomycete inciting common scab of potato was first legitimately described by Thaxter in 1892 as ‘Oospora scabies’, preserving the spelling of an epithet in use since 1846. The name Streptomyces scabies, dating to 1948, was revived in 1989, but changed to Streptomyces scabiei in 1997 to follow grammatical convention. Considering the long-established use and general recognition of ‘scabies’, it is proposed that the original epithet be conserved.

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Huang, Ying, Wei Li, Liming Wang, Benjamin Lanoot, Marc Vancanneyt, Carlos Rodriguez, Zhiheng Liu, Jean Swings, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces glauciniger sp. nov., a novel mesophilic streptomycete isolated from soil in south China." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 2085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63158-0.

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A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic status of a soil isolate. The organism, strain FXJ14T, was found to have chemical and morphological properties characteristic of streptomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain and on the 120 nt variable γ-region of the 16S rRNA molecule showed that it formed a distinct phyletic line within the range of variation encompassed by the genus Streptomyces. The sharp separation of the organism from representatives of the genus Streptomyces was strengthened by the fact that its BOX-PCR and RFLP of 16S rDNA-ITS fingerprints differed from those of over 450 recognized Streptomyces species. The isolate also had a profile of phenotypic properties that readily distinguished it from the genotypically close type strains. It is evident from the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data that strain FXJ14T (=AS 4.1858T=JCM 12278T=LMG 22082T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces glauciniger sp. nov. is proposed.

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Ohnishi, Yasuo, Jun Ishikawa, Hirofumi Hara, Hirokazu Suzuki, Miwa Ikenoya, Haruo Ikeda, Atsushi Yamashita, Masahira Hattori, and Sueharu Horinouchi. "Genome Sequence of the Streptomycin-Producing Microorganism Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 11 (March 28, 2008): 4050–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00204-08.

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ABSTRACT We determined the complete genome sequence of Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350, a soil bacterium producing an antituberculosis agent, streptomycin, which is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic, discovered more than 60 years ago. The linear chromosome consists of 8,545,929 base pairs (bp), with an average G+C content of 72.2%, predicting 7,138 open reading frames, six rRNA operons (16S-23S-5S), and 66 tRNA genes. It contains extremely long terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of 132,910 bp each. The telomere's nucleotide sequence and secondary structure, consisting of several palindromes with a loop sequence of 5′-GGA-3′, are different from those of typical telomeres conserved among other Streptomyces species. In accordance with the difference, the chromosome has pseudogenes for a conserved terminal protein (Tpg) and a telomere-associated protein (Tap), and a novel pair of Tpg and Tap proteins is instead encoded by the TIRs. Comparisons with the genomes of two related species, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces avermitilis, clarified not only the characteristics of the S. griseus genome but also the existence of 24 Streptomyces-specific proteins. The S. griseus genome contains 34 gene clusters or genes for the biosynthesis of known or unknown secondary metabolites. Transcriptome analysis using a DNA microarray showed that at least four of these clusters, in addition to the streptomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, were activated directly or indirectly by AdpA, which is a central transcriptional activator for secondary metabolism and morphogenesis in the A-factor (a γ-butyrolactone signaling molecule) regulatory cascade in S. griseus.

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Farris, M. Heath, Carol Duffy, Robert H. Findlay, and Julie B. Olson. "Streptomyces scopuliridis sp. nov., a bacteriocin-producing soil streptomycete." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 2112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.023192-0.

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Actinomycete strain RB72T was isolated from woodland bluff soil in northern Alabama, USA, and shown to produce a broad spectrum bacteriocin. Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain was determined to belong to the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic analysis of the near-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that it differed from those of the described streptomycetes available in public databases. The distinctive white aerial hyphae and lack of sporulation suggest a deficiency in the whi pathway of the organism. A combination of substrate utilization patterns, morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization results supported the affiliation of strain RB72T to the genus Streptomyces and enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain RB72T from closely related reference strains. Strain RB72T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces scopuliridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RB72T ( = DSM 41917T = NRRL B-24574T).

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Semêdo, L. T. A. S., R. C. Gomes, A. A. Linhares, G. F. Duarte, R. P. Nascimento, A. S. Rosado, M. Margis-Pinheiro, et al. "Streptomyces drozdowiczii sp. nov., a novel cellulolytic streptomycete from soil in Brazil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02844-0.

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An actinomycete strain, isolated from a Mata Atlântica soil sample, showing cellulolytic activity was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization to determine its identity. Strain M7aT presented morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics consistent with its assignment to the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence revealed that the strain differed from described streptomycetes available in the public databases; the most closely related species was Streptomyces laceyi, with 98·4 % nucleotide similarity. It also differed from other cellulolytic strains in its phenotypic characteristics. It is therefore proposed that strain M7aT, a cellulolytic strain with biotechnological potential, represents a novel species, named Streptomyces drozdowiczii sp. nov. The type strain is M7aT (=CBMAI 0498T=CIP 107837T=NRRL B-24297T).

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Hamdali, H., M. J. Virolle, M. von Jan, C. Spröer, H. P. Klenk, and Y. Ouhdouch. "Streptomyces youssoufiensis sp. nov., isolated from a Moroccan phosphate mine." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 1104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.023036-0.

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A novel actinomycete, strain X4T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Youssoufia, 100 km north of Marrakesh, Morocco. The taxonomic status of this strain was evaluated by a polyphasic approach. Strain X4T had white aerial mycelium with Rectiflexibiles spore chains bearing smooth-surfaced spores and did not produce diffusible pigments. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the cell wall of strain X4T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. Phylogenetic analysis based on the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain X4T belongs to the Group I streptomycetes, branching off next to Streptomyces ramulosus NRRL B-2714T and Streptomyces kasugaensis M338-M1T. DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data enabled strain X4T to be distinguished from the phylogenetically most closely related type strains. It is therefore proposed that strain X4T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces youssoufiensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is X4T ( = CCMM B709T = DSM 41920T).

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Matselyukh, B. P. "Genomes Identity of Streptomyces globisporus 1912-4Crt, Streptomyces globisporus C-1027, Streptomyces sp. TUE6075, and Streptomyces sp. S063." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 81, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj81.01.003.

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Hamedi, Javad, Fatemeh Mohammadipanah, Hans-Peter Klenk, Gabriele Pötter, Peter Schumann, Cathrin Spröer, Mathias von Jan, and Reiner M. Kroppenstedt. "Streptomyces iranensis sp. nov., isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.015339-0.

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A novel streptomycete, designated strain HM 35T, was isolated from soil in Isfahan city, Iran. Strain HM 35T produced a branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae that developed into short, compact, spiral spore chains with grey rugose spores at the tips of the aerial hyphae. On some media, these spirals coalesced into dark masses of spores with age. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 35T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glucose and ribose. Phospholipids detected were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxy-lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine. MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) were the predominant menaquinones. The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel isolate matched those described for members of the genus Streptomyces. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HM 35T showed highest similarity to Streptomyces rapamycinicus NRRL 5491T (99.2 %), Streptomyces violaceusniger DSM 40563T (99.1 %), Streptomyces javensis DSM 41764T (99.1 %) and Streptomyces yogyakartensis DSM 41766T (99.1 %). The novel strain formed a distinct monophyletic line within the 16S rRNA gene sequence tree. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain HM 35T and the type strain of S. rapamycinicus was 72.7 %. Strain HM 35T showed the typical morphology found among members of the S. violaceusniger/Streptomyces hygroscopicus group but could be clearly differentiated from closely related species based on other phenotypic markers. Phenotypic and genotypic data thus indicate that strain HM 35T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces iranensis is proposed. The type strain is HM 35T (=DSM 41954T=CCUG 57623T).

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Cuervo, Lorena, Mónica G. Malmierca, Raúl García-Salcedo, Carmen Méndez, José A. Salas, Carlos Olano, and Ana Ceniceros. "Co-Expression of Transcriptional Regulators and Housekeeping Genes in Streptomyces spp.: A Strategy to Optimize Metabolite Production." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061585.

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The search for novel bioactive compounds to overcome resistance to current therapeutics has become of utmost importance. Streptomyces spp. are one of the main sources of bioactive compounds currently used in medicine. In this work, five different global transcriptional regulators and five housekeeping genes, known to induce the activation or overproduction of secondary metabolites in Streptomyces coelicolor, were cloned in two separated constructs and expressed in 12 different strains of Streptomyces spp. from the in-house CS collection. These recombinant plasmids were also inserted into streptomycin and rifampicin resistant Streptomyces strains (mutations known to enhance secondary metabolism in Streptomyces). Different media with diverse carbon and nitrogen sources were selected to assess the strains’ metabolite production. Cultures were then extracted with different organic solvents and analysed to search for changes in their production profiles. An overproduction of metabolites already known to be produced by the biosynthesis wild-type strains was observed such as germicidin by CS113, collismycins by CS149 and CS014, or colibrimycins by CS147. Additionally, the activation of some compounds such as alteramides in CS090a pSETxkBMRRH and CS065a pSETxkDCABA or inhibition of the biosynthesis of chromomycins in CS065a in pSETxkDCABA when grown in SM10 was demonstrated. Therefore, these genetic constructs are a relatively simple tool to manipulate Streptomyces metabolism and explore their wide secondary metabolites production potential.

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Shi, Liang, and Weiwen Zhang. "Comparative analysis of eukaryotic-type protein phosphatases in two streptomycete genomes." Microbiology 150, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 2247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27057-0.

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Inspection of the genomes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces avermitilis reveals that each contains 55 putative eukaryotic-type protein phosphatases (PPs), the largest number ever identified from any single prokaryotic organism. Unlike most other prokaryotic genomes that have only one or two superfamilies of eukaryotic-type PPs, the streptomycete genomes possess the eukaryotic-type PPs that belong to four superfamilies: 2 phosphoprotein phosphatases and 2 low-molecular-mass protein tyrosine phosphatases in each species, 49 Mg2+- or Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) and 2 conventional protein tyrosine phosphatases (CPTPs) in S. coelicolor A3(2), and 48 PPMs and 3 CPTPs in S. avermitilis. Sixty-four percent of the PPs found in S. coelicolor A3(2) have orthologues in S. avermitilis, indicating that they originated from a common ancestor and might be involved in the regulation of more conserved metabolic activities. The genes of eukaryotic-type PP unique to each surveyed streptomycete genome are mainly located in two arms of the linear chromosomes and their evolution might be involved in gene acquisition or duplication to adapt to the extremely variable soil environments where these organisms live. In addition, 56 % of the PPs from S. coelicolor A3(2) and 65 % of the PPs from S. avermitilis possess at least one additional domain having a putative biological function. These include the domains involved in the detection of redox potential, the binding of cyclic nucleotides, mRNA, DNA and ATP, and the catalysis of phosphorylation reactions. Because they contained multiple functional domains, most of them were assigned functions other than PPs in previous annotations. Although few studies have been conducted on the physiological functions of the PPs in streptomycetes, the existence of large numbers of putative PPs in these two streptomycete genomes strongly suggests that eukaryotic-type PPs play important regulatory roles in primary or secondary metabolic pathways. The identification and analysis of such a large number of putative eukaryotic-type PPs from S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. avermitilis constitute a basis for further exploration of the signal transduction pathways mediated by these phosphatases in industrially important strains of streptomycetes.

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Laskaris, Paris, and Amalia D. Karagouni. "Streptomyces, Greek Habitats and Novel Pharmaceuticals: A Promising Challenge." Microbiology Research 12, no. 4 (November 6, 2021): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12040061.

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Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces produce a very large number of secondary metabolites, many of which are of vital importance to modern medicine. There is great interest in the discovery of novel pharmaceutical compounds derived from strepomycetes, since novel antibiotics, anticancer and compounds for treating other conditions are urgently needed. Greece, as proven by recent research, possesses microbial reservoirs with a high diversity of Streptomyces populations, which provide a rich pool of strains with potential pharmaceutical value. This review examines the compounds of pharmaceutical interest that have been derived from Greek Streptomyces isolates. The compounds reported in the literature include antibiotics, antitumor compounds, biofilm inhibitors, antiparasitics, bacterial toxin production inhibitors and antioxidants. The streptomycete biodiversity of Greek environments remains relatively unexamined and is therefore a very promising resource for potential novel pharmaceuticals.

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Makitrynskyy, Roman, Olga Tsypik, and Andreas Bechthold. "Genetic Engineering of Streptomyces ghanaensis ATCC14672 for Improved Production of Moenomycins." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010030.

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Streptomycetes are soil-dwelling multicellular microorganisms famous for their unprecedented ability to synthesize numerous bioactive natural products (NPs). In addition to their rich arsenal of secondary metabolites, Streptomyces are characterized by complex morphological differentiation. Mostly, industrial production of NPs is done by submerged fermentation, where streptomycetes grow as a vegetative mycelium forming pellets. Often, suboptimal growth peculiarities are the major bottleneck for industrial exploitation. In this work, we employed genetic engineering approaches to improve the production of moenomycins (Mm) in Streptomyces ghanaensis, the only known natural direct inhibitors of bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferses. We showed that in vivo elimination of binding sites for the pleiotropic regulator AdpA in the oriC region strongly influences growth and positively correlates with Mm accumulation. Additionally, a marker- and “scar”-less deletion of moeH5, encoding an amidotransferase from the Mm gene cluster, significantly narrows down the Mm production spectrum. Strikingly, antibiotic titers were strongly enhanced by the elimination of the pleiotropic regulatory gene wblA, involved in the late steps of morphogenesis. Altogether, we generated Mm overproducers with optimized growth parameters, which are useful for further genome engineering and chemoenzymatic generation of novel Mm derivatives. Analogously, such a scheme can be applied to other Streptomyces spp.

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Jani, Charul, Elitza I. Tocheva, Scott McAuley, Arryn Craney, Grant J. Jensen, and Justin Nodwell. "Streptomyces: A Screening Tool for Bacterial Cell Division Inhibitors." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 20, no. 2 (September 25, 2014): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057114551334.

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Cell division is essential for spore formation but not for viability in the filamentous streptomycetes bacteria. Failure to complete cell division instead blocks spore formation, a phenotype that can be visualized by the absence of gray (in Streptomyces coelicolor) and green (in Streptomyces venezuelae) spore-associated pigmentation. Despite the lack of essentiality, the streptomycetes divisome is similar to that of other prokaryotes. Therefore, the chemical inhibitors of sporulation in model streptomycetes may interfere with the cell division in rod-shaped bacteria as well. To test this, we investigated 196 compounds that inhibit sporulation in S. coelicolor. We show that 19 of these compounds cause filamentous growth in Bacillus subtilis, consistent with impaired cell division. One of the compounds is a DNA-damaging agent and inhibits cell division by activating the SOS response. The remaining 18 act independently of known stress responses and may therefore act on the divisome or on divisome positioning and stability. Three of the compounds (Fil-1, Fil-2, and Fil-3) confer distinct cell division defects on B. subtilis. They also block B. subtilis sporulation, which is mechanistically unrelated to the sporulation pathway of streptomycetes but is also dependent on the divisome. We discuss ways in which these differing phenotypes can be used in screens for cell division inhibitors.

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Liu, Chongxi, Xiangjing Wang, Yijun Yan, Jidong Wang, Bo Zhang, Ji Zhang, and Wensheng Xiang. "Streptomyces heilongjiangensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete that produces borrelidin isolated from the root surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_3 (March 1, 2013): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.041483-0.

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A borrelidin-producing actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-W2T, was isolated from the root surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of streptomycetes. The G+C content of the DNA was 66.12 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain NEAU-W2T revealed that the strain formed a distinct clade within the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic tree and showed highest similarity (99.61 %) to Streptomyces neyagawaensis ATCC 27449T. However, the DNA–DNA relatedness between strain NEAU-W2T and S. neyagawaensis ATCC 27449T was 58.51 %. Strain NEAU-W2T could also be differentiated from S. neyagawaensis ATCC 27449T and other Streptomyces species showing high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98–99 %), as well as other borrelidin-producing strains, based on morphological and physiological characteristics. On the basis of its physiological and molecular properties, it is proposed that strain NEAU-W2T represents a novel Streptomyces species, Streptomyces heilongjiangensis sp. nov. The type strain is NEAU-W2T ( = CGMCC 4.7004T = ATCC BAA-2424T = DSM 42073T).

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Kaltenpoth, Martin, Wolfgang Goettler, Colin Dale, J. William Stubblefield, Gudrun Herzner, Kerstin Roeser-Mueller, and Erhard Strohm. "‘Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi’, an endosymbiotic streptomycete in the antennae of Philanthus digger wasps." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64117-0.

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Symbiotic interactions with bacteria are essential for the survival and reproduction of many insects. The European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) engages in a highly specific association with bacteria of the genus Streptomyces that appears to protect beewolf offspring against infection by pathogens. Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the bacteria were located in the antennal glands of female wasps, where they form dense cell clusters. Using genetic methods, closely related streptomycetes were found in the antennae of 27 Philanthus species (including two subspecies of P. triangulum from distant localities). In contrast, no endosymbionts could be detected in the antennae of other genera within the subfamily Philanthinae (Aphilanthops, Clypeadon and Cerceris). On the basis of morphological, genetic and ecological data, ‘Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi’ is proposed. 16S rRNA gene sequence data are provided for 28 ecotypes of ‘Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi’ that reside in different host species and subspecies of the genus Philanthus. Primers for the selective amplification of ‘Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi’ and an oligonucleotide probe for specific detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are described.

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Paulus, Constanze, Oleksandr Gromyko, and Andriy Luzhetskyy. "New Kendomycin Derivative Isolated from Streptomyces sp. Cl 58-27." Molecules 26, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 6834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226834.

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In the course of screening new streptomycete strains, the strain Streptomyces sp. Cl 58-27 caught our attention due to its interesting secondary metabolite production profile. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an ansamycin natural product that belongs structurally to the already known kendomycins. The structure of the new kendomycin E was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, and the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster was identified by sequencing the genome of Streptomyces sp. Cl 58-27 and conducting a detailed analysis of secondary metabolism gene clusters using bioinformatic tools.

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van Wezel, Gilles P., Preben Krabben, Bjørn A. Traag, Bart J. F. Keijser, Rob Kerste, Erik Vijgenboom, Josef J. Heijnen, and Barend Kraal. "Unlocking Streptomyces spp. for Use as Sustainable Industrial Production Platforms by Morphological Engineering." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 8 (August 2006): 5283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00808-06.

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ABSTRACT Filamentous actinomycetes are commercially widely used as producers of natural products (in particular antibiotics) and of industrial enzymes. However, the mycelial lifestyle of actinomycetes, resulting in highly viscous broths and unfavorable pellet formation, has been a major bottleneck in their commercialization. Here we describe the successful morphological engineering of industrially important streptomycetes through controlled expression of the morphogene ssgA. This led to improved growth of many industrial and reference streptomycetes, with fragmentation of the mycelial clumps resulting in significantly enhanced growth rates in batch fermentations of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans. Product formation was also stimulated, with a twofold increase in yield of enzyme production by S. lividans. We anticipate that the use of the presented methodology will make actinomycetes significantly more attractive as industrial and sustainable production hosts.

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Okamoto-Hosoya, Yoshiko, Susumu Okamoto, and Kozo Ochi. "Development of Antibiotic-Overproducing Strains by Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the rpsL Gene in Streptomyces lividans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (July 2003): 4256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4256-4259.2003.

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ABSTRACT Certain rpsL (which encodes the ribosomal protein S12) mutations that confer resistance to streptomycin markedly activate the production of antibiotics in Streptomyces spp. These rpsL mutations are known to be located in the two conserved regions within the S12 protein. To understand the roles of these two regions in the activation of silent genes, we used site-directed mutagenesis to generate eight novel mutations in addition to an already known (K88E) mutation that is capable of activating antibiotic production in Streptomyces lividans. Of these mutants, two (L90K and R94G) activated antibiotic production much more than the K88E mutant. Neither the L90K nor the R94G mutation conferred an increase in the level of resistance to streptomycin and paromomycin. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the site-directed mutagenesis technique for strain improvement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Streptomyces'

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