Journal articles: 'Streptomyce'

1

Burtseva, S. A., M. N. Byrsa, I. I. Shibaeva, A. Shibaev, and A. S. Sidorenko. "EFFECT OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF THE STREPTOMYCES STREPTOMYCES CANOSUS CNMN-AC-02 STRAIN." Visnyk Universytetu “Ukraina”, no. 1 (28) 2020 (2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36994/2707-4110-2020-1-28-04.

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The work is devoted to the study of the effect of a low-frequency magnetic field of low intensity on microorganisms. We proceeded from the fundamental fact that the Earth's magnetic field (natural electromagnetic background) is the most important environmental factor affecting all vital processes of living organisms. It is important to realize that in the modern world the negative anthropogenic impact on the natural electromagnetic background has significantly increased due to the rapidly growing number of sources of technogenic fields. The relevance of research is due to the great scientific and practical interest in the issues of survival and growth of colonies of microorganisms under the influence of a magnetic field. We set ourselves the goal of studying the action, in particular, of a low-frequency magnetic field of low intensity. Our task was to find out how the key characteristics of the culture of microorganisms (growth and survival) change under the influence of different field values. We used the device "Biostimulus 1", developed by us at IEINT, which makes it possible to influence biological material with a low-frequency magnetic field of low intensity at specified values. The microbiological material was investigated - Streptomyce canosus CNMN-Ac-02 in the form of an aqueous suspension; an aqueous suspension pounded on the surface of agar and in lyophilic form. Exposure time: 10, 15 and 20 minutes. As a result, it was found that when an aqueous suspension of Streptomyce canosus CNMN-Ac-02 was treated with a magnetic field for 10 and 15 minutes, the appearance of colonies of 2 types with mycelium of different color and size was observed. With an exposure of 20 min. colonies of 4 types arise with the peculiarity of some colonies to release a pigment of a new color into the medium. In the case of a culture in the form of a suspension pounded on agar, similar results were obtained. The survival rate of the S.canosus CNMN-Ac-02 streptomycete strain after exposure to a magnetic field depends on the treatment time, as well as on the state of the culture (dry lyophilized culture or its aqueous suspension).

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Cuadrado, Y., M. Fern�ndez, E. Recio, J. F. Aparicio, and J. F. Mart�n. "Characterization of the ask?asd operon in aminoethoxyvinylglycine-producing Streptomyce s sp. NRRL 5331." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 64, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1440-2.

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3

Li, Qin, Baoguo Sun, Huiyong Jia, Jie Hou, Ran Yang, Ke Xiong, Youqiang Xu, and Xiuting Li. "Engineering a xylanase from Streptomyce rochei L10904 by mutation to improve its catalytic characteristics." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 101 (August 2017): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.135.

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Li, Qin, Baoguo Sun, Xiuting Li, Ke Xiong, Youqiang Xu, Ran Yang, Jie Hou, and Chao Teng. "Improvement of the catalytic characteristics of a salt-tolerant GH10 xylanase from Streptomyce rochei L10904." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 107 (February 2018): 1447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.013.

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Pospíšil, Stanislav, Věra Přikrylová, Jan Němeček, and Jaroslav Spížek. "Oxidation and amidation of salicylate by Streptomyces species." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 867–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-111.

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Seven streptomycete strains were tested for biotransformation of salicylate. The products were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and three types of conversion were found. Streptomyces cinnamonensis and Streptomyces spectabilis formed gentisate and salicylamide concurrently. Streptomyces rimosus transformed salicylate to salicylamide. Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces avermitilis produced only gentisate. Time course studies of salicylate conversion by thin-layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography showed that salicylamide was accumulated in the culture broth, whereas gentisate was further metabolized.Key words: salicylate, gentisate, salicylamide, biotransformation, Streptomyces spp.

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6

Le, Khanh Duy, Nan Hee Yu, Ae Ran Park, Dong-Jin Park, Chang-Jin Kim, and Jin-Cheol Kim. "Streptomyces sp. AN090126 as a Biocontrol Agent against Bacterial and Fungal Plant Diseases." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040791.

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Bacteria and fungi are major phytopathogens which substantially affect global agricultural productivity. In the present study, Streptomyces sp. AN090126, isolated from agricultural suppressive soil in Korea, showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against various phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. In the 96-well plate assay, the fermentation filtrate of Streptomyces sp. AN090126 exhibited antimicrobial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.63–10% for bacteria and 0.63–3.3% for fungi. The MIC of the partially purified fraction was 20.82–250 µg/mL for bacteria and 15.6–83.33 µg/mL for fungi. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that AN090126 produced various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including dimethyl sulfide and trimethyl sulfide, which inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in in vitro VOC assays. In pot experiments, the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. AN090126 reduced tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, red pepper leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and creeping bentgrass dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the secondary metabolites derived from this strain showed a synergistic effect with streptomycin sulfate against streptomycin-resistant Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causative agent of Kimchi cabbage soft rot, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore, Streptomyces sp. AN090126 is a potential biocontrol agent in controlling plant diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi, specifically by the streptomycin-resistant strains.

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Kang, Seung-Hoon, Jianqiang Huang, Han-Na Lee, Yoon-Ah Hur, Stanley N. Cohen, and Eung-Soo Kim. "Interspecies DNA Microarray Analysis Identifies WblA as a Pleiotropic Down-Regulator of Antibiotic Biosynthesis in Streptomyces." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 11 (April 6, 2007): 4315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01789-06.

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ABSTRACT Using Streptomyces coelicolor microarrays to discover regulators of gene expression in other Streptomyces species, we identified wblA, a whiB-like gene encoding a putative transcription factor, as a down-regulator of doxorubicin biosynthesis in Streptomyces peucetius. Further analysis revealed that wblA functions pleiotropically to control antibiotic production and morphological differentiation in streptomycetes. Our results reveal a novel biological role for wblA and show the utility of interspecies microarray analysis for the investigation of streptomycete gene expression.

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Rezzonico, Fabio, Virginia O. Stockwell, and Brion Duffy. "Plant Agricultural Streptomycin Formulations Do Not Carry Antibiotic Resistance Genes." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 7 (May 4, 2009): 3173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00036-09.

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ABSTRACT Streptomycin is used in plant agriculture for bacterial disease control, particularly against fire blight in pome fruit orchards. Concerns that this may increase environmental antibiotic resistance have led to bans or restrictions on use. Experience with antibiotic use in animal feeds raises the possible influence of formulation-delivered resistance genes. We demonstrate that agricultural streptomycin formulations do not carry producer organism resistance genes. By using an optimized extraction procedure, Streptomyces 16S rRNA genes and the streptomycin resistance gene strA were not detected in agricultural streptomycin formulations. This diminishes the likelihood for one potential factor in resistance development due to streptomycin use.

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Ramón-García, Santiago, Isabel Otal, Carlos Martín, Rafael Gómez-Lus, and José A. Aínsa. "Novel Streptomycin Resistance Gene from Mycobacterium fortuitum." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 11 (September 5, 2006): 3920–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00223-06.

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ABSTRACT We have isolated the aph(3")-Ic gene, encoding an aminoglycoside 3"-O-phosphotransferase [APH(3")-Ic], from a genomic library of an environmental Mycobacterium fortuitum strain, selecting for streptomycin resistance. APH(3")-Ic phosphorylates and inactivates streptomycin. Similar genes have been described in Streptomyces griseus and plasmid RSF1010. It is also present in some M. fortuitum clinical isolates.

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BAUMANN, R., R. HÜTTER, and D. A. HOPWOOD. "Genetic Analysis in a Melanin-producing Streptomycete, Streptomyces glaucescens." Microbiology 81, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-81-2-463.

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Summary: Using crossing and analysis procedures similar to those applied to Streptomyces coelicolor a3(2), several auxotrophic and streptomycin-resistant markers were located on a circular linkage map of the melanin-producing Streptomyces glaucescens, strain eth22794. The linkage map of S. glaucescens is similar to that of S. coelicolor ≪g≫a≪/g≫3(2), in the sequence of markers and in the presence of two long silent regions.

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11

Lambert, D. H., R. Loria, D. P. Labeda, and G. S. Saddler. "Recommendation for the conservation of the name Streptomyces scabies. Request for an Opinion." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65275-0.

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The primary streptomycete inciting common scab of potato was first legitimately described by Thaxter in 1892 as ‘Oospora scabies’, preserving the spelling of an epithet in use since 1846. The name Streptomyces scabies, dating to 1948, was revived in 1989, but changed to Streptomyces scabiei in 1997 to follow grammatical convention. Considering the long-established use and general recognition of ‘scabies’, it is proposed that the original epithet be conserved.

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12

Egan, Sharon, Pamela Wiener, Dimitrios Kallifidas, and Elizabeth M. H. Wellington. "Transfer of Streptomycin Biosynthesis Gene Clusters within Streptomycetes Isolated from Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5061–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5061-5063.1998.

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ABSTRACT Streptomyces strains isolated from soil were found to possess various numbers of genes from the streptomycin biosynthesis cluster. The strains missing genes from the cluster also lacked the ability to produce streptomycin. Two of the isolates which contain only part of the cluster are apparently recipients of a gene transfer event. The implications for the role of gene transfer in antibiotic evolution are discussed.

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13

Wanner, Leslie A. "A New Strain of Streptomyces Causing Common Scab in Potato." Plant Disease 91, no. 4 (April 2007): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0352.

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Common scab is a serious disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and other root and tuber crops, affecting the quality and market value of these crops. The disease is caused by gram-positive soil bacteria in the genus Streptomyces. A new common scab-causing streptomycete was isolated from scabby potatoes originating in southeastern Idaho. Research has supported a model of horizontal transfer of pathogenicity determinants among streptomycetes, and the new strain has hallmarks of the recently characterized Streptomyces pathogenicity island (PAI); it has genes encoding the synthetase for the pathogenicity determinant thaxtomin and for a second pathogenicity factor, tomatinase, although it lacks a third gene characteristic of the Streptomyces PAI, the nec1 gene. The new strain has a unique 16s rDNA gene sequence closely related to those of other pathogenic Streptomyces species. This 16s rDNA sequence was also found in isolates lacking a PAI, suggesting that the new pathogenic strain arose by horizontal transfer of a PAI into a saprophytic streptomycete. Isolates of the new strain are pathogenic on radish and potato, and are more virulent than the S. scabies type strain. In addition to scab lesions on potato tubers, lesions were also seen on underground stems and stolons. This new strain represents additional complexity in the pathogenic strains causing plant disease in the United States.

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14

Okamoto-Hosoya, Yoshiko, Susumu Okamoto, and Kozo Ochi. "Development of Antibiotic-Overproducing Strains by Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the rpsL Gene in Streptomyces lividans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (July 2003): 4256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4256-4259.2003.

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ABSTRACT Certain rpsL (which encodes the ribosomal protein S12) mutations that confer resistance to streptomycin markedly activate the production of antibiotics in Streptomyces spp. These rpsL mutations are known to be located in the two conserved regions within the S12 protein. To understand the roles of these two regions in the activation of silent genes, we used site-directed mutagenesis to generate eight novel mutations in addition to an already known (K88E) mutation that is capable of activating antibiotic production in Streptomyces lividans. Of these mutants, two (L90K and R94G) activated antibiotic production much more than the K88E mutant. Neither the L90K nor the R94G mutation conferred an increase in the level of resistance to streptomycin and paromomycin. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the site-directed mutagenesis technique for strain improvement.

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Kim, Byung-Yong, Tiago Domingues Zucchi, Hans-Peter Fiedler, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces cocklensis sp. nov., a dioxamycin-producing actinomycete." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.029983-0.

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The taxonomic position of a streptomycete isolated from soil collected from Cockle Park Experimental Farm, Northumberland, UK, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The organism had chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis supported classification of the strain in the genus Streptomyces and showed that it formed a distinct phyletic line loosely associated with members of the Streptomyces yeochonensis clade. It was related most closely to Streptomyces paucisporeus 1413T (98.6 %16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), but could be distinguished from the latter based on the low level of DNA–DNA relatedness (40 %). It was readily distinguished from the type strains of all species assigned to the S. yeochonensis clade based on a combination of phenotypic properties. Strain BK168T ( = KACC 20908T = NCIMB 14704T) should therefore be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces cocklensis sp. nov. is proposed. The organism produces the antibiotic dioxamycin.

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Mattei, Valerio, Andrea Motta, Marco Saracchi, Andrea Kunova, Paolo Cortesi, Cristina Pizzatti, and Matias Pasquali. "Wheat Seed Coating with Streptomyces sp. Strain DEF39 Spores Protects against Fusarium Head Blight." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081536.

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Streptomycetes are promising candidates for the biological control of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat. Studies involving the use of streptomycetes as biological control agents (BCAs) have been limited to the application when the wheat plant is developed, close to the infection on the spike during flowering. Here, we tested the effects of seed treatment with the Streptomyces sp. DEF39 spores before sowing on FHB symptoms’ development. The seed treatment protected the plant from infection by Fusarium graminearum by 49% (p = 0.04). We traced Streptomyces sp. DEF39 in plant organs using strain-specific primers here developed, showing that the streptomycete acts as an endophyte, colonizing the plant tissues up to the spike as well as the roots. This work suggests that it is possible to use a streptomycete as a seed coating BCA, able to partially protect wheat from FHB disease.

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Ohnishi, Yasuo, Jun Ishikawa, Hirofumi Hara, Hirokazu Suzuki, Miwa Ikenoya, Haruo Ikeda, Atsushi Yamashita, Masahira Hattori, and Sueharu Horinouchi. "Genome Sequence of the Streptomycin-Producing Microorganism Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 11 (March 28, 2008): 4050–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00204-08.

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ABSTRACT We determined the complete genome sequence of Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350, a soil bacterium producing an antituberculosis agent, streptomycin, which is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic, discovered more than 60 years ago. The linear chromosome consists of 8,545,929 base pairs (bp), with an average G+C content of 72.2%, predicting 7,138 open reading frames, six rRNA operons (16S-23S-5S), and 66 tRNA genes. It contains extremely long terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of 132,910 bp each. The telomere's nucleotide sequence and secondary structure, consisting of several palindromes with a loop sequence of 5′-GGA-3′, are different from those of typical telomeres conserved among other Streptomyces species. In accordance with the difference, the chromosome has pseudogenes for a conserved terminal protein (Tpg) and a telomere-associated protein (Tap), and a novel pair of Tpg and Tap proteins is instead encoded by the TIRs. Comparisons with the genomes of two related species, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces avermitilis, clarified not only the characteristics of the S. griseus genome but also the existence of 24 Streptomyces-specific proteins. The S. griseus genome contains 34 gene clusters or genes for the biosynthesis of known or unknown secondary metabolites. Transcriptome analysis using a DNA microarray showed that at least four of these clusters, in addition to the streptomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, were activated directly or indirectly by AdpA, which is a central transcriptional activator for secondary metabolism and morphogenesis in the A-factor (a γ-butyrolactone signaling molecule) regulatory cascade in S. griseus.

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Hamid, Mohamed E., Adil Mahgoub, Abdulrhman J. O. Babiker, Hussein A. E. Babiker, Mohammed A. I. Holie, Mogahid M. Elhassan, and Martin R. P. Joseph. "Isolation and Identification of Streptomyces spp. from Desert and Savanna Soils in Sudan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238749.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate streptomycete populations in desert and savanna ecozones in Sudan and to identify species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. A total of 49 different Streptomyces phenotypes (22 from sites representing the desert and semi-desert ecozone; 27 representing the savanna ecozone) have been included in the study. The isolates were characterized phenotypically and confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The two ecozones showed both similarities and uniqueness in the types of isolates. The shared species were in cluster 1 (Streptomyces (S.) werraensis), cluster 2 (Streptomyces sp.), cluster 3 (S. griseomycini-like), and cluster 7 (S. rochei). The desert ecozone revealed unique species in cluster 9 (Streptomyces sp.) and cluster 10 (S. griseomycini). Whereas, the savanna ecozone revealed unique species in cluster 4 (Streptomyces sp.), cluster 5 (S. albogriseolus/ S. griseoincarnatus), cluster 6 (S. djakartensis), and cluster 8 (Streptomyces sp.). Streptomycetes are widely distributed in both desert and the savanna ecozones and many of these require full descriptions. Extending knowledge on Streptomyces communities and their dynamics in different ecological zones and their potential antibiotic production is needed.

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Paulus, Constanze, Oleksandr Gromyko, and Andriy Luzhetskyy. "New Kendomycin Derivative Isolated from Streptomyces sp. Cl 58-27." Molecules 26, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 6834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226834.

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In the course of screening new streptomycete strains, the strain Streptomyces sp. Cl 58-27 caught our attention due to its interesting secondary metabolite production profile. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an ansamycin natural product that belongs structurally to the already known kendomycins. The structure of the new kendomycin E was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, and the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster was identified by sequencing the genome of Streptomyces sp. Cl 58-27 and conducting a detailed analysis of secondary metabolism gene clusters using bioinformatic tools.

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Gopalakrishnan, Subramaniam, Srinivas Vadlamudi, Shravya Apparla, Prakash Bandikinda, Rajendran Vijayabharathi, Ratna Kumari Bhimineni, and Om Rupela. "Evaluation ofStreptomycesspp. for their plant-growth-promotion traits in rice." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 8 (August 2013): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0287.

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Five strains of Streptomyces (CAI-17, CAI-68, CAI-78, KAI-26, and KAI-27) were previously reported to have potential for charcoal rot control and plant growth promotion (PGP) in sorghum. In this study, those 5 Streptomyces strains were characterized for their enzymatic activities and evaluated for their PGP capabilities on rice. All the Streptomyces strains were able to produce lipase and β-1,3-glucanase; grew in NaCl (up to 8%), at pH 5–13, and at temperatures 20–40 °C; and were resistant to ampicillin, sensitive to nalidixic acid, and highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. They were highly tolerant to the fungicide bavistin but were highly sensitive to benlate, benomyl, and radonil. When evaluated on rice in the field, Streptomyces significantly enhanced tiller and panicle numbers, stover and grain yields, dry matter, root length, volume and dry weight, compared with the control. In the rhizosphere at harvest, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and % organic carbon were also found significantly higher in Streptomyces-treated plots than in the control plots. This study further confirms that the selected Streptomyces have PGP activities.

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Sugiyama, Masanori, and Osamu Nimi. "Streptomycin biosynthesis and self-resistance mechanism in streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus." Actinomycetologica 4, no. 1 (1990): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3209/saj.4_15.

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Sarmin, Nurul’ Izzah Mohd, Geok Yuan Annie Tan, Christopher M. M. Franco, RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel, Jalifah Latip, and Noraziah Mohamad Zin. "Streptomyces kebangsaanensis sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from an ethnomedicinal plant, which produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_10 (October 1, 2013): 3733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.047878-0.

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A spore-forming streptomycete designated strain SUK12T was isolated from a Malaysian ethnomedicinal plant. Its taxonomic position, established using a polyphasic approach, indicates that it is a novel species of the genus Streptomyces . Morphological and chemical characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of members of the genus Streptomyces . Analysis of the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain SUK12T in the genus Streptomyces where it formed a distinct phyletic line with recognized species of this genus. The strain exhibited highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces corchorusii DSM 40340T (98.2 %) followed by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus NRRL B-3310T (98.1 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 74 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [MK-9(H8) as the major menaquinone; LL-diaminopimelic acid as a component of cell-wall peptidoglycan; C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C15 : 0 and C17 : 1 as the major fatty acids; phospholipid type II] supported the affiliation of strain SUK12T to the genus Streptomyces . The results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic data derived from this and previous studies allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain SUK12T from the related species of the genus Streptomyces . The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain SUK12T and S. corchorusii DSM 40340T is 18.85±4.55 %. Strain SUK12T produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, known as tubermycin B, an antibacterial agent. It is proposed, therefore, that strain SUK12T ( = DSM 42048T = NRRL B-24860T) be classified in the genus Streptomyces as the type strain of Streptomyces kebangsaanensis sp. nov.

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Laskaris, Paris, and Amalia D. Karagouni. "Streptomyces, Greek Habitats and Novel Pharmaceuticals: A Promising Challenge." Microbiology Research 12, no. 4 (November 6, 2021): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12040061.

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Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces produce a very large number of secondary metabolites, many of which are of vital importance to modern medicine. There is great interest in the discovery of novel pharmaceutical compounds derived from strepomycetes, since novel antibiotics, anticancer and compounds for treating other conditions are urgently needed. Greece, as proven by recent research, possesses microbial reservoirs with a high diversity of Streptomyces populations, which provide a rich pool of strains with potential pharmaceutical value. This review examines the compounds of pharmaceutical interest that have been derived from Greek Streptomyces isolates. The compounds reported in the literature include antibiotics, antitumor compounds, biofilm inhibitors, antiparasitics, bacterial toxin production inhibitors and antioxidants. The streptomycete biodiversity of Greek environments remains relatively unexamined and is therefore a very promising resource for potential novel pharmaceuticals.

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Okamoto, Susumu, Alexander Lezhava, Takeshi Hosaka, Yoshiko Okamoto-Hosoya, and Kozo Ochi. "Enhanced Expression of S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase Causes Overproduction of Actinorhodin in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.2.601-609.2003.

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ABSTRACT We found that a 46-kDa protein is highly expressed in an actinorhodin-overproducing Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) mutant (KO-179), which exhibited a low-level resistance to streptomycin. The protein was identified as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase, which is a product of the metK gene. Enzyme assay revealed that SAM synthetase activity in strain KO-179 was 5- to 10-fold higher than in wild-type cells. The elevation of SAM synthetase activity was found to be associated with an increase in the level of intracellular SAM. RNase protection assay revealed that the metK gene was transcribed from two distinct promoters (p1 and p2) and that enhanced expression of the MetK protein in the mutant strain KO-179 was attributed to elevated transcription from metKp2. Strikingly, the introduction of a high-copy-number plasmid containing the metK gene into wild-type cells resulted in a precocious hyperproduction of actinorhodin. Furthermore, the addition of SAM to the culture medium induced Act biosynthesis in wild-type cells. Overexpression of metK stimulated the expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene actII-ORF4, as demonstrated by the RNase protection assay. The addition of SAM also caused hyperproduction of streptomycin in Streptomyces griseus. These findings implicate the significant involvement of intracellular SAM in initiating the onset of secondary metabolism in Streptomyces.

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Jyothikumar, Vinod, Emma J. Tilley, Rashmi Wali, and Paul R. Herron. "Time-Lapse Microscopy of Streptomyces coelicolor Growth and Sporulation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 21 (September 12, 2008): 6774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01233-08.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria from the genus Streptomyces are among the most complex of all prokaryotes; not only do they grow as a complex mycelium, they also differentiate to form aerial hyphae before developing further to form spore chains. This developmental heterogeneity of streptomycete microcolonies makes studying the dynamic processes that contribute to growth and development a challenging procedure. As a result, in order to study the mechanisms that underpin streptomycete growth, we have developed a system for studying hyphal extension, protein trafficking, and sporulation by time-lapse microscopy. Through the use of time-lapse microscopy we have demonstrated that Streptomyces coelicolor germ tubes undergo a temporary arrest in their growth when in close proximity to sibling extension sites. Following germination, in this system, hyphae extended at a rate of ∼20 μm h−1, which was not significantly different from the rate at which the apical ring of the cytokinetic protein FtsZ progressed along extending hyphae through a spiraling movement. Although we were able to generate movies for streptomycete sporulation, we were unable to do so for either the erection of aerial hyphae or the early stages of sporulation. Despite this, it was possible to demonstrate an arrest of aerial hyphal development that we suggest is through the depolymerization of FtsZ-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). Consequently, the imaging system reported here provides a system that allows the dynamic movement of GFP-tagged proteins involved in growth and development of S. coelicolor to be tracked and their role in cytokinesis to be characterized during the streptomycete life cycle.

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Jha, Ambika Nand, Akshay H. Shah, Upama N. Trivedi, and Jignesh S. Patel. "A Case Report of Streptomycin Induced Cochlear Toxicity in Tuberculosis Patients." Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 7, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v7i2.51515.

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Streptomycin is a semi-synthetic, oldest aminoglycoside. It is the first line drug for tuberculosis. It may adversely produce ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockage. The initial isolation of streptomycin from Streptomyces griseus. A 51 year old female visited to the medicine OPD in hospital. On presentation she complained of vomiting and vertigo from last few days. The patient recently diagnosed for Pulmonary TB by chest X-ray 3 month back. She taken streptomycin 0.75mg IV bid. As these were the new symptoms, the physician requested for otolaryngologist consultation to rule out the other causes and was insignificant. But the audiometry report showed hearing loss. The ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides is permanent and can negatively affect the individual’s quality of life. The early detection, management and therapeutic approaches for prevention of hearing loss is crucial. Reporting here is an interesting case of streptomycin induced cochlear toxicity. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):99-101

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Hamedi, Javad, Fatemeh Mohammadipanah, Hans-Peter Klenk, Gabriele Pötter, Peter Schumann, Cathrin Spröer, Mathias von Jan, and Reiner M. Kroppenstedt. "Streptomyces iranensis sp. nov., isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.015339-0.

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A novel streptomycete, designated strain HM 35T, was isolated from soil in Isfahan city, Iran. Strain HM 35T produced a branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae that developed into short, compact, spiral spore chains with grey rugose spores at the tips of the aerial hyphae. On some media, these spirals coalesced into dark masses of spores with age. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 35T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glucose and ribose. Phospholipids detected were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxy-lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine. MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) were the predominant menaquinones. The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel isolate matched those described for members of the genus Streptomyces. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HM 35T showed highest similarity to Streptomyces rapamycinicus NRRL 5491T (99.2 %), Streptomyces violaceusniger DSM 40563T (99.1 %), Streptomyces javensis DSM 41764T (99.1 %) and Streptomyces yogyakartensis DSM 41766T (99.1 %). The novel strain formed a distinct monophyletic line within the 16S rRNA gene sequence tree. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain HM 35T and the type strain of S. rapamycinicus was 72.7 %. Strain HM 35T showed the typical morphology found among members of the S. violaceusniger/Streptomyces hygroscopicus group but could be clearly differentiated from closely related species based on other phenotypic markers. Phenotypic and genotypic data thus indicate that strain HM 35T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces iranensis is proposed. The type strain is HM 35T (=DSM 41954T=CCUG 57623T).

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Neeno-Eckwall, Eric C., Linda L. Kinkel, and Janet L. Schottel. "Competition and antibiosis in the biological control of potato scab." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-010.

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Nonpathogenic, antibiotic-producing streptomycetes have been shown to reduce potato scab when added to disease-conducive soil. Spontaneous mutants of the pathogenic Streptomyces scabies RB4 that are resistant to at least one antibiotic activity produced by the nonpathogenic suppressive isolates Streptomyces diastatochromogenes strain PonSSII and S. scabies PonR have been isolated. To determine the importance of antibiosis in this biocontrol system, these mutants were investigated for their ability to cause disease in the presence of the two pathogen antagonists in a greenhouse assay. Disease caused by one of the mutant strains was reduced in the presence of both suppressive isolates, whereas disease caused by the other five mutants was not significantly reduced by either suppressive strain. In addition, a nonpathogenic mutant of S. scabies RB4 was isolated, which produced no detectable in vitro antibiotic activity and reduced disease caused by its pathogenic parent strain when the pathogen and mutant were coinoculated into soil. Population densities of the pathogen were consistently lower than those of the suppressive strains when individual strains were inoculated into soil. When a pathogen was coinoculated with a suppressive strain, the total streptomycete population density in the pot was always less than that observed when the suppressive isolate was inoculated alone. When the pathogens were inoculated individually into soil, a positive correlation was seen between population density and disease severity. In coinoculation experiments with pathogen and suppressive strains, higher total streptomycete population densities were correlated with lower amounts of disease.Key words: Streptomyces scabies, biological control, antibiotic resistance, potato scab disease.

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Peng, Yunliang, and Maurice Moens. "Effects of surface sterilisation and cold storage on in vitro behaviour of Pratylenchus penetrans." Nematology 1, no. 6 (1999): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508603.

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Abstract0.1% malachite green alone (15 min) or with 0.5% streptomycin sulphate were efficient to surface sterilise Pratylenchus penetrans. These treatments did not significantly reduce nematode movement, nor attraction to and penetration into Rosa dumetorum cv. Laxa seedlings. Streptomycin sulphate (0.2%, 24 h) and a split treatment of streptomycin sulphate (0.2%, 24 h) and malachite green (0.1%, 10 min) did not reduce surface contamination. Combinations based on mercuric chloride (0.05-0.1%, 1-1.5 min) affected the behaviour of juvenile and adult stages of P. penetrans. Storage (30 days) at 4 degrees C reduced the survival of P. penetrans and its attraction to and penetration into rose seedlings. Effets de la sterilisation superficielle et du stockage au froid sur le comportement in vitro de Pratylenchus penetrans - Un traitement de 15 min a l'aide de vert de malachite a 0,1%, seul ou additionne de sulfate de streptomycine a 0,5%, sterilise superficiellement Pratylenchus penetrans de facon efficace. De tels traitements ne diminuent pas les mouvements du nematode non plus que son attraction par et sa penetration dans les racines de plants de Rosa dumetorum cv. Laxa. L'utilisation de sulfate de streptomycine a 0,2% pendant 24 h ou un traitement en deux temps par le sulfate de streptomycine (0,2%; 24 h) puis par le vert de malachite (0,1%; 10 min) ne diminuent pas la contamination superficielle. Les traitements combines comprenant du chlorure de mercure (0,05-0,1%; 1-5 min) affectent le comportement des juveniles et des adultes de P. penetrans. Un stockage de 30 jours a 4 degrees C diminue la survie de P. penetrans ainsi que ses potentialites d'attraction et de penetration vis-a-vis des plants de rosier.

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30

Chu, Shuaibei, Wenting Hu, Kaihong Zhang, and Fengli Hui. "Breeding of High Daptomycin-Producing Strain by Streptomycin Resistance Superposition." Polish Journal of Microbiology 71, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-041.

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Abstract Daptomycin is a cyclolipopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces roseosporus. It is widely used to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections; however, daptomycin yield in wild strains is very low. To improve the daptomycin production by the strain BNCC 342432, a modified method of ribosome engineering with superposition of streptomycin resistance was adopted in this study. The highest-yield mutant strain SR-2620 was obtained by increasing streptomycin resistance of BNCC 342432, and achieved daptomycin production of 38.5 mg/l in shake-flask fermentation, 1.79-fold higher than the parent strain and its heredity stability was stable. The morphological characteristics of the two strains were significantly different, and the 440th base G of the rpsL gene in the mutant strain was deleted, which resulted in a frameshift mutation. Our results demonstrate that gradually increasing strain resistance to streptomycin was an effective breeding method to improve daptomycin yield in S. roseosporus.

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Heinzel, Peter, Oleg Werbitzky, J�rgen Distler, and Wolfgang Piepersberg. "A second streptomycin resistance gene from Streptomyces griseus codes for streptomycin-3?-phosphotransferase." Archives of Microbiology 150, no. 2 (June 1988): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00425160.

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32

Qadir, Syamand A., Miran H. Qadir, Osama H. Shareef, and Aryan M. Faraj. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Streptomyces spp. Isolated from Soil Samples in Sulaimani Governorate." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp18-24.

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Streptomyces species have been an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites and clinically useful for antibiotic production, including fosfomycin, daptomycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol. The main objective of this study was to isolate actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces from 8 soil samples that collected from two different places, which are districts in Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Totally, 30 diagnostic tests were carried out for representative of isolated Streptomyces depending on the color groups. The 16Sr DNA gene was sequenced, for ten isolated test strains were amplified with 2 universal primers after extraction of genomic DNA, only 8 of them were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of 8 test strains carried out using base sequences of 16Sr DNA genes in the core genome. Four of isolated test strains were identified as a Streptomyces fulvissimus, and others were nominated as a Streptomyces anulatus. The obtained sequence data were compared with the sequence data of the closest related species in the international databases using EzTaxon Server program and (%) similarities were determined. Finally, phylogenetic analysis indicated that isolated test strains were nominated as (H001, H002, H003, and H004), which recognized members of the S. anulatus and the similarity with their type strain is 99.93%. Whereas, other four isolated test strains, including D001, D002, D003, and D004 recognized as members of the S. fulvissimus and similarity with their type strain is 100%.

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Hardter, Uwe, Marta Luzhetska, Sandra Ebeling, and Andreas Bechthold. "Ethanol Production in Actinomycetes after Expression of Synthetic adhB and pdc." Open Biotechnology Journal 6, no. 1 (June 14, 2012): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701206010013.

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Streptomyces strains are producing many important secondary metabolites, in many cases used as pharmaceuti-cal drugs. Though the usage of these bacteria for the production of fuel has never been described. We could show, that the expression of two artificial ethanologenic genes of Zymomonas mobilis in different actinomycetes strains resulted in the production of ethanol. The synthetic genes adhB and pdc encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase and a pyruvate decarboxy-lase, respectively, were expressed in eight different Streptomyces strains. Best production was obtained using Streptomy-ces coelicolor A3(2) harboring both genes. By variation of the cultivation conditions, the amount of ethanol produced by the strain could be increased up to 2.6 g/l.

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Tanaka, Yukinori, Mamoru Komatsu, Susumu Okamoto, Shinji Tokuyama, Akira Kaji, Haruo Ikeda, and Kozo Ochi. "Antibiotic Overproduction by rpsL and rsmG Mutants of Various Actinomycetes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 14 (May 15, 2009): 4919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00681-09.

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ABSTRACT Certain streptomycin resistance mutations (i.e., rpsL and rsmG) result in the overproduction of antibiotics in various actinomycetes. Moreover, rpsL rsmG double-mutant strains show a further increase in antibiotic production. rpsL but not rsmG mutations result in a marked enhancement of oligomycin production in Streptomyces avermitilis and erythromycin production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea, accompanied by increased transcription of a key developmental regulator gene, bldD, in the latter organism.

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35

Nishimura, Kenji, Takeshi Hosaka, Shinji Tokuyama, Susumu Okamoto, and Kozo Ochi. "Mutations in rsmG, Encoding a 16S rRNA Methyltransferase, Result in Low-Level Streptomycin Resistance and Antibiotic Overproduction in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 10 (March 23, 2007): 3876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01776-06.

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ABSTRACT Certain str mutations that confer high- or low-level streptomycin resistance result in the overproduction of antibiotics by Streptomyces spp. The str mutations that confer the high-level resistance occur within rpsL, which encodes the ribosomal protein S12, while those that cause low-level resistance are not as well known. We have used comparative genome sequencing to determine that low-level resistance is caused by mutations of rsmG, which encodes an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent 16S rRNA methyltransferase containing a SAM binding motif. Deletion of rsmG from wild-type Streptomyces coelicolor resulted in the acquisition of streptomycin resistance and the overproduction of the antibiotic actinorhodin. Introduction of wild-type rsmG into the deletion mutant completely abrogated the effects of the rsmG deletion, confirming that rsmG mutation underlies the observed phenotype. Consistent with earlier work using a spontaneous rsmG mutant, the strain carrying ΔrsmG exhibited increased SAM synthetase activity, which mediated the overproduction of antibiotic. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the ΔrsmG mutant lacked a 7-methylguanosine modification in the 16S rRNA (possibly at position G518, which corresponds to G527 of Escherichia coli). Like certain rpsL mutants, the ΔrsmG mutant exhibited enhanced protein synthetic activity during the late growth phase. Unlike rpsL mutants, however, the ΔrsmG mutant showed neither greater stability of the 70S ribosomal complex nor increased expression of ribosome recycling factor, suggesting that the mechanism underlying increased protein synthesis differs in the rsmG and the rpsL mutants. Finally, spontaneous rsmG mutations arose at a 1,000-fold-higher frequency than rpsL mutations. These findings provide new insight into the role of rRNA modification in activating secondary metabolism in Streptomyces.

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Abdalla, Muna Ali, Elisabeth Helmke, and Hartmut Laatsch. "Fujianmycin C, A Bioactive Angucyclinone from a Marine Derived Streptomyces sp. B6219 [1]." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 12 (December 2010): 1934578X1000501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000501216.

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From a marine-derived streptomycete, a new bioactive angucyclinone, fujianmycin C (1), has been isolated along with five known, metabolites fujianmycins A (2) and B (3), ochromycinone (4), ochromycinone methyl ether (5), and tetrangulol methyl ether (6). The structure elucidation of fujianmycin C (1) was performed by detailed analysis of data such as 1H, 13C, 1H,1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY spectra. Fujianmycin C (1) exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Tü57).

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37

TOHYAMA, HIROYOSHI, YOSHIRO OKAMI, and HAMAO UMEZAWA. "Negative control for the expression of streptomycin resistance gene from streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus." Journal of Antibiotics 39, no. 10 (1986): 1505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.39.1505.

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38

IKEDA, YOKO, SHUICHI GOMI, KAZUTERU YOKOSE, HIROSHI NAGANAWA, TAKAKO IKEDA, MAYUMI MANABE, MASA HAMADA, SHINICHI KONDO, and HAMAO UMEZAWA. "A new streptomycin group antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sioyaensis." Journal of Antibiotics 38, no. 12 (1985): 1803–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.38.1803.

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39

Neumann, T., W. Piepersberg, and J. Distler. "Decision phase regulation of streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseus." Microbiology 142, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-8-1953.

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40

Farris, M. Heath, Carol Duffy, Robert H. Findlay, and Julie B. Olson. "Streptomyces scopuliridis sp. nov., a bacteriocin-producing soil streptomycete." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 2112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.023192-0.

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Actinomycete strain RB72T was isolated from woodland bluff soil in northern Alabama, USA, and shown to produce a broad spectrum bacteriocin. Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain was determined to belong to the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic analysis of the near-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that it differed from those of the described streptomycetes available in public databases. The distinctive white aerial hyphae and lack of sporulation suggest a deficiency in the whi pathway of the organism. A combination of substrate utilization patterns, morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization results supported the affiliation of strain RB72T to the genus Streptomyces and enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain RB72T from closely related reference strains. Strain RB72T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces scopuliridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RB72T ( = DSM 41917T = NRRL B-24574T).

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41

Ishigaki, Yuji, Genki Akanuma, Minoru Yoshida, Sueharu Horinouchi, Saori Kosono, and Yasuo Ohnishi. "Protein acetylation involved in streptomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus." Journal of Proteomics 155 (February 2017): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2016.12.006.

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42

Tomono, Ayami, Yisan Tsai, Haruka Yamazaki, Yasuo Ohnishi, and Sueharu Horinouchi. "Transcriptional Control by A-Factor of strR, the Pathway-Specific Transcriptional Activator for Streptomycin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 16 (August 15, 2005): 5595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.16.5595-5604.2005.

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ABSTRACT A-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3R-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone) triggers streptomycin production by inducing the transcription of strR, encoding the pathway-specific transcriptional activator, through signal transduction in the A-factor regulatory cascade in Streptomyces griseus. AdpA, one of the key transcriptional activators in the cascade, bound two upstream activation sites, approximately at nucleotide positions −270 and −50 with respect to the transcriptional start point of strR, as determined by gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting. Transcriptional analysis of the strR promoter with mutated AdpA-binding sites showed that both sites were required for full transcriptional activation of strR by AdpA. Potassium permanganate footprinting showed that AdpA assisted RNA polymerase in forming an open complex at an appropriate position for transcriptional initiation of strR. Nine transcriptional units within the streptomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, including the strR-aphD operon, depended on StrR, indicating that StrR is the pathway-specific transcriptional activator for the whole gene cluster. Consistent with this, expression of strR under the control of a constitutively expressed promoter in an adpA null mutant caused the host to produce streptomycin.

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43

Yamanaka, Kazuki, Hiroaki Oikawa, Hiro-omi Ogawa, Kuniaki Hosono, Fumie Shinmachi, Hideaki Takano, Shohei Sakuda, Teruhiko Beppu, and Kenji Ueda. "Desferrioxamine E produced by Streptomyces griseus stimulates growth and development of Streptomyces tanashiensis." Microbiology 151, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 2899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28139-0.

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The authors previously reported that interspecific stimulatory events between Streptomyces species for antibiotic production and/or morphological differentiation mediated by putative diffusible metabolites take place at a high frequency. This paper reports the isolation and characterization of a substance produced by Streptomyces griseus that stimulates the growth and development of Streptomyces tanashiensis. The substance was purified from the culture supernatant of S. griseus by using anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. FAB-MS and NMR analyses of the purified preparation indicated the substance to be desferrioxamine E (synonym: nocardamine), a siderophore that is widely produced by Streptomyces species and related organisms. Similar stimulatory effects on the growth and development of S. tanashiensis were exerted by desferrioxamine E produced by another actinomycete strain, but not by other siderophores tested, including ferrichrome and nocobactin and free ferric ion. An exogenous supply of desferrioxamine E stimulated secondary metabolite formation and/or morphological differentiation in various actinomycete strains. Disruption of the desferrioxamine biosynthesis gene cluster in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) abolished the production of desferrioxamine E and the activity to stimulate the growth and differentiation of S. tanashiensis. The S. coelicolor mutant showed impaired growth and development on Bennett's/glucose agar medium, but it was rescued by the exogenous supply of desferrioxamine E. These results indicate that desferrioxamines play an important role in streptomycete physiology. Similar to several pathogenic bacteria and fungi, S. tanashiensis may be defective in the production of siderophores; however, it can utilize the siderophores excreted by other organisms.

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Ostash, B. O., Yu Misaki, B. S. Dolya, Ya I. Kharaton, T. Busche, A. M. Luzhetskyy, J. Kalinowski, K. Ochi, and V. O. Fedorenko. "Generation and initial characterization of a collection of spontaneous Streptomyces albus J1074 mutants resistant to rifampicin." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 27 (September 1, 2020): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v27.1316.

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Aim. Streptomyces albus J1074 is one of the most popular streptomycete chassis for heterologous expression of natural product (NP) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). There is keen interest in further improvement of the strain to provide increased yields of corresponding NPs. Introduction of certain types of antibiotic resistance mutations is a proven way to improve Streptomyces strains. For example, selection for increased resistance to rifampicin is known to lead to increased antibiotic activity. Here we used available lineages of antibiotic-resistant mutants of S. albus to raise rifampicin-resistant variants (Rifr) and to study their properties. Methods. Microbiological and molecular genetic approaches were combined to generate Rifr mutants and to study their properties. Results. By plating S. albus onto GYM agar supplemented with 10 mcg/mL of rifampicin, we isolated 85 stable Rifr colonies, whose resistance level was within 10-200 mcg/mL range. Sequencing revealed wide spectrum of missense mutations within rpoB gene. Bioassays demonstrated dramatically increased endogenous antibiotic activity of certain Rifr mutants. Conclusions. Selection for rifampicin resistance is a viable way to increase the yields of NPs in S. albus. Keywords: Streptomyces albus J1074, antibiotic resistance, rifampicin.

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Taher, Nehad A., Ansam S. Husen, Zahraa Sh Mahmood, and Ghanyia J. Shanior. "A Study on Actinorhodin-like Substance Production by Streptomyces IQ45." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 31, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i3.93.

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Production of pH-pigment (actinorhodin – like substance) was ascertained from ten Streptomyses isolates. Streptomyses IQ45 isolate was only isolated which produced pH- sensitive pigment. The production of pH-sensitive pigment was detected by fuming over ammonia. After extraction of this antibiotic, a number of physiocochemical characterizations were carried out which involved (IR, UV, MP, CHN-analysis, and solubility test). Indicated that this antibiotic is an actinorhodin-like substance. TLC of the extracted substance showed a single spot with Rf value equivalent to (0.26) which was close to that of actinorhodin.These antibiotics showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus similar to that of actinorhodin produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). The productivity of this antibiotics was (45 mg/L) at pH 8.5 and (40 mg/L) at pH 7 from the mycelial mat and (10 mg/L) when extracted from the liquid medium at pH7.

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46

Buchner, Richard P., William H. Olson, Vito S. Polito, and Katherine Pinney. "188 Effect of Streptomycin Walnut Blight Sprays on Nut Drop." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 423A—423. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.423a.

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Walnut Blight caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pathovar juglandis is a very destructive disease for California walnut production. Streptomycin is an effective disease control material; however, Streptomycin sprays can result in significant nut drop 3 to 5 weeks after spray application. We investigated the basis for walnut drop following applications of Streptomycin (Agrimycin) for walnut blight control. Flowers and developing nuts were collected from four treatments, plus an unsprayed control. 200 ppm Streptomycim was applied at 1) budbreak; 2) pre, full, and post-bloom; 3) postbloom; 4) budbreak and postbloom; 5) untreated control. Samples were collected regularly beginning at the first budbreak spray and extending through the period of nut drop. Samples were fixed and prepared for histological examination. In treatments with a high incidence of nut drop, the embryo failed to develop. Examination of the stigma and style in flowers from these treatments showed inhibited pollen tube growth. Results indicate that Streptomycin inhibits pollen tube growth, which precludes fertilization. This pattern of development and timing of nut drop following Streptomycin application at full bloom is similar in all ways to unpollinated walnut flowers. Nut growth and development appear normal for 3 to 5 weeks; then nuts abort. If Streptomycin became available for walnut blight control, sprays timed to coincide with pistillate bloom and pistillate flower receptivity should be avoided.

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47

Tian, Xin-Peng, Li-Juan Long, Fa-Zuo Wang, Ying Xu, Jie Li, Jing Zhang, Chang-Sheng Zhang, Si Zhang, and Wen-Jun Li. "Streptomyces nanhaiensis sp. nov., a marine streptomycete isolated from a deep-sea sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_4 (April 1, 2012): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.031591-0.

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A novel aerobic streptomycete, strain SCSIO 01248T, was isolated from a sample of deep-sea sediment collected from the northern South China Sea, at a depth of 1632 m. This isolate formed yellow–white substrate mycelium and grey–white aerial hyphae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SCSIO 01248T was most closely related to Streptomyces radiopugnans R97T (98.8 % sequence similarity), S. macrosporus NBRC 14748T (97.5 %) and S. megasporus NBRC 14749T (97.3 %). The novel strain could, however, be readily differentiated from S. radiopugnans DSM 41901T on the basis of some physiological and cellular chemical characteristics; the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between these two strains was only 40 %. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain SCSIO 01248T represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 01248T ( = DSM 41926T = KCTC 19401T = CCTCC AA 208007T).

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48

Bramwell, H., H. G. Nimmo, I. S. Hunter, and J. R. Coggins. "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): purification of the enzyme, cloning of the ppc gene and over-expression of the protein in a streptomycete." Biochemical Journal 293, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2930131.

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Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [PEPC; orthophosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (phosphorylating); EC 4.1.1.31] is a major anaplerotic enzyme in the polyketide producer Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). PEPC was purified from S. coelicolor and the amino-acid sequences of four tryptic peptides were determined. Synthetic oligonucleotides based on the sequences of two of the peptides hybridized to the same bands in various restriction-enzyme digests of S. coelicolor genomic DNA. This hybridization allowed molecular cloning of an 8 kb BamHI fragment of genomic DNA. Partial DNA sequencing of this fragment showed that it could encode amino acid sequences similar to those of PEPC from other microorganisms. A BamHI/PstI fragment was subcloned into the streptomycete high-copy-number plasmid vector pIJ486 and transferred into Streptomyces lividans. The resulting strain over-expressed PEPC activity 21-fold and also over-expressed a protein with a subunit of 100,000 M(r), the same as that of purified S. coelicolor PEPC.

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Li, Xiaohua, Xiufen Zhou, and Zixin Deng. "Vector Systems Allowing Efficient Autonomous or Integrative Gene Cloning in Micromonospora sp. Strain 40027." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3144-3151.2003.

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ABSTRACT Vector systems allowing autonomous or site-specific integrative gene cloning were developed for Micromonospora sp. strain 40027, a producer of the antibiotic fortimicin A. The autonomous system depends on the discovery of a low-copy-number, self-transmissible covalently closed circular plasmid, pJTU112 (ca. 14.1 kb), which was shown to be present in the progenitor strain in both integrated and autonomous states. The copy numbers of both wild-type pJTU112 and three derivatives of it can be amplified at least sixfold by addition of streptomycin to the culture medium. The integrative system was developed by the use of a pBR322-derived Escherichia coli plasmid vector, pSET152, mediated by the attP site of the Streptomyces phage ΦC31. Both vectors can be transferred by conjugation from E. coli into Micromonospora sp. strain 40027. The heterologous cloning and expression of the dnd gene cluster originating from Streptomyces lividans 1326 into Micromonospora sp. strain 40027 demonstrated the use of the two systems.

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Yang, Xueqiong, Yabin Yang, Tianfeng Peng, Fangfang Yang, Hao Zhou, Lixing Zhao, Lihua Xu, and Zhongtao Ding. "A New Cyclopeptide from Endophytic Streptomyces sp. YIM 64018." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 12 (December 2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801225.

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One new cyclopeptide, cyclo(L-Phe-L-Ala-L-Phe-Gly), named as vinaceuline (1) and three known cyclodipeptides, cyclo (Phe-Gly), cyclo (Phe-4-hydroxyl-Pro) and cyclo (Phe-Ile) were isolated from broth culture of endophytic Streptomyces YIM 64018 associated with Paraboea sinensis. The planar structure of the new compound was assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, while the absolute configurations of the amino acid residues were determined by application of the advanced Marfey method. Cyclotetrapeptides are rarely found as Streptomycete metabolites.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Streptomyce'

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