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Journal articles on the topic 'Streptococcus sanguis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kuhnert, Wendi L., and Robert G. Quivey,. "Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of the F-ATPase Operon from Streptococcus sanguis 10904." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.5.1525-1533.2003.

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ABSTRACT Oral streptococci utilize an F-ATPase to regulate cytoplasmic pH. Previous studies have shown that this enzyme is a principal determinant of aciduricity in the oral streptococcal species Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans. Differences in the pH optima of the respective ATPases appears to be the main reason that S. mutans is more tolerant of low pH values than S. sanguis and hence pathogenic. We have recently reported the genetic arrangement for the S. mutans operon. For purposes of comparative structural biology we have also investigated the F-ATPase from S. sanguis. Here, we report the genetic characterization and expression in Escherichia coli of the S. sanguis ATPase operon. Sequence analysis showed a gene order of atpEBFHAGDC and that a large intergenic space existed upstream of the structural genes. Activity data demonstrate that ATPase activity is induced under acidic conditions in both S. sanguis and S. mutans; however, it is not induced to the same extent in the nonpathogenic S. sanguis. Expression studies with an atpD deletion strain of E. coli showed that S. sanguis-E. coli hybrid enzymes were able to degrade ATP but were not sufficiently functional to permit growth on succinate minimal media. Hybrid enzymes were found to be relatively insensitive to inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, indicating loss of productive coupling between the membrane and catalytic subunits.

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2

Goudarzi, Mehdi, Masoumeh Mehdipour, Bahareh Hajikhani, Sadegh Sadeghinejad, and Batool Sadeghi-Nejad. "Antibacterial Properties of Citrus limon and Pineapple Extracts on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis)." International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 7, no. 3 (August 3, 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijep.2019.21.

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Background: Micro-organisms resistant to most of the commercial antibiotics are rapidly expanding and there is an urgent need for detection of novel antimicrobial compounds. Tooth decay is a dental infection with bacterial sources such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of different concentrations of Citrus limon peel, pineapple fruit, and pineapple peel extracts on oral pathogens such as S. mutants and S. sanguis. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the hydroethanolic extracts of the selected plants were prepared by maceration method and their antibacterial effects were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Results: Two-fold dilutions of plant extract solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against each selected microorganism. The results of the current study revealed that pineapple peel extracts had the highest antibacterial effect on S. sanguis (MIC: 1.56 mg/mL and MBC: 3.12 mg/mL). Pineapple fruit had the lowest antibacterial activity against S. mutans (MIC: 25 mg/mL and MBC: 100 mg/mL). C. limon peel had significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans and S. sanguis. Conclusion: The peel of C. limon and pineapple had significant antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganisms such as S. mutans and S. sanguinis.

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3

Daneo-Moore, L., and A. Volpe. "Recombination-deficient Streptococcus sanguis." Infection and Immunity 48, no. 2 (1985): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.48.2.584-586.1985.

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4

Schlegel, R., and H. D. Slade. "Alteration of Macromolecular Synthesis and Membrane Permeability by a Streptococcus sanguis Bacteriocin." Microbiology 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-81-1-275.

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Although the elaboration of bacteriocins by streptococci has been described previously (Brock & David, 1963; Kuttner, 1966; Kelstrup & Gibbons, 1969; Overturf & Mortimer, 1970; Kramer & Brandis, 1972), few attempts have been made to purify and characterize these bactericidal factors (Kramer & Brandis, 1972). Streptococcus sanguis (strain Challis) produces a streptocin which is lethal for Streptococcus sanguis (strain Wicky) and can be purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. We exposed sensitive strain Wicky cells to Challis streptocin and observed macromolecular synthesis and membrane permeability.

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5

Putri, Deby Kania Tri, Indah Listiana Kriswandini, and Muhammad Luthfi. "Characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 49, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i4.p213-216.

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Background: Dental caries is a major problem in oral cavity. If dental caries causes cavity, the structure of dental hard tissue will not be reversible because of damage in the structure of the hard tissue. The early pathogenesis mechanism of dental caries is an adhesion interaction between cariogenic Streptococcus mutans microorganisms and tooth surface pellicles. The attachment involves a specific molecular component interaction between the bacterial complement molecules and the surface of the host. Streptococcus sanguis as a dominant ecology at the beginning of bacterial plaque aggregation will colonize the tooth surface earlier than S. mutans. The surface of bacterial cells can express some adesin. The bacteria also can express receptors for adhesins of other bacteria. Specific receptors for adhesions of S. Mutans bacteria are not only found in the pellicles, but also present in pioneer bacteria, such as S. sanguis. Adhesion between those bacteria is called as coagregation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules. Method: This study used a sonication method for protein isolation of S. mutans and S. sanguis bacterial biofilms, as well as electrophoresis method using 12 % SDS-PAGE gel and Western Blot analysis. Result: Results of the protein profile analysis of S. mutans biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 17 bands, each of which molecular weights was 212, 140, 81, 65, 61, 48, 45, 44, 40, 39, 33 , 25, 23, 19, 17, 12, and 11 kDa. On the other hand, results of the protein profile analysis of S. sanguis biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 15 bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, 65, 61, 48, 46, 40, 37, 29, 25, 23, 21, 17, 15, and 12 kDa. And, results of the analysis of S. sanguis receptor molecules using Western blot showed that there were three bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Conclusion: S. sanguis bacteria have specific receptor molecules for S. mutans bacteria with the molecular weight of 130, 85, and 40 kDa.

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6

Seizeur, R., S. Condette-Auliac, S. Goutagny, Ph Pencalet, and S. Gaillard. "Abcès intramédullaire chronique (streptococcus sanguis)." Neurochirurgie 52, no. 6 (December 2006): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3770(06)71364-9.

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7

Henriksen, S. D., and Eva Løvstad. "HAEMAGGLUTINATION OF TWITCHING STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology 84B, no. 6 (August 15, 2009): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb01964.x.

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8

Gaustad, P., Jorunn Eriksen, and S. D. Henriksen. "Genetic Transformation in Streptococcus Sanguis." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology 87B, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1979.tb02413.x.

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9

Gaustad, P. "Genetic Transformation in Streptococcus Sanguis." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology 87B, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1979.tb02414.x.

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10

GAUSTAD, P. "GENETIC TRANSFORMATION IN STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology 89B, no. 1-6 (August 19, 2009): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb00155_89b.x.

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11

GAUSTAD, P., and JORUNN ERIKSEN. "GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology 89B, no. 1-6 (August 19, 2009): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb00156_89b.x.

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12

GAUSTAD, P. "GENETIC TRANSFORMATION IN STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B: Microbiology 91B, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1983.tb00032.x.

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13

Gaustad, P. "Genetic Transformation in Streptococcus Sanguis." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B: Microbiology 93B, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1985.tb02889.x.

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14

Gaustad, P. "Genetic Transformation in Streptococcus Sanguis." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B: Microbiology 93B, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1985.tb02890.x.

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15

Fatriadi, Fajar, Dikdik Kurnia, and Mieke Hemiawati Satari. "Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extracts of ant-plant tubers towards Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 30, no. 3 (November 30, 2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol30no3.20002.

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Introduction: Streptococcus sanguis is an initial cause of dental plaque formation which is the initial cause of caries. One of the preventive treatments can be done by using the mouthwash containing antibacterial substances. Along time, natural remedies are proven to be having more antibacterial properties. Ant-plant (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry) tubers are types of epiphytic plant that grows in many parts of Papua, with many health benefits, and are known to contain flavonoids, tannins, and tocopherols. This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extracts of ant-plant tubers on the growth of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566. Methods: The ant-plant tubers were extracted with soxhletation method using the methanol solvent. The fractionation was then performed using ethyl acetate to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction. Result: The phytochemical test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the ant-plant contained phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The bacterial test in this study was using the microdilution method using the ELISA Reader by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant tubers towards Streptococcus sanguis with positive control was using the chlorhexidine gluconate as the golden standard medication. The ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant tuber had an antibacterial effect towards Streptococcus sanguis in the MIC of 31.25 ppm, while chlorhexidine gluconate was 0.49 ppm. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant had a lower antibacterial activity compared to chlorhexidine gluconate on the growth of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566.Keywords: Ant-plant tubers, Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry, antibacterial activity, Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566.

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16

Oakley, J. David, K. Grant Taylor, and R. Jennings Doyle. "Trypsin-susceptible cell surface characteristics of Streptococcus sanguis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-208.

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The adherence of Streptococcus sanguis to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite was markedly reduced by treatment of the cells with trypsin. In Scatchard plots of adherence data, protease-treated S. sanguis did not exhibit the characteristic positive slopes, suggesting that trypsin prevented cooperative interactions between the cells and artificial pellicle. Trypsin also reduced the tendency of S. sanguis to bind to hexadecane and to octyl-Sepharose. When sodium dodecyl sulfate was used to elute S. sanguis from columns of octyl-Sepharose, it was observed that the elution profiles of trypsin-treated cells were more complex than those of control cells. Water and salts were incapable of removing the cells from octyl-Sepharose. The results suggest that adherence to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite, binding to hexadecane and to octyl-Sepharose depend on trypsin-susceptible cell surface molecules.

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17

Madineni, Praveen Kumar, Suresh Babu Ghanta, Naveen Kumar Motupalli, Mahanthesh Bembalgi, and P. Krishnam Raju. "Comparative Analysis of Colony Counts of Different Species of Oral Streptococci in Saliva of Dentulous, Edentulous and in those Wearing Partial and Complete Dentures." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 4 (2013): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1371.

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ABSTRACT Objectives To study and compare the number of colony forming units of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus milleri in dentulous, edentulous and in those wearing partial and complete dentures by using semi-quantitative culture method of saliva samples with calibrated standard loop Materials Sterile specimen collection bottles, Mitis salivarius agar plates, Standard loop, Candle jar, Incubator, Colony counter Methodology Study population consisted of 100 subjects with 25 in each group, with an age range of 40 to 80 years, who were attending the Department of Community Dentistry and Prosthodontics at MNR Dental College, Sangareddy, Hyderabad. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients and inoculated on to Mitis salivarius agar plates using calibrated standard loop. The plates were then incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 24 hours and left at room temperature for further 24 hours. Using a colony counter, the number of colonies of each species was counted. Results Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis predominates in the dentulous group, Streptococcus sanguis in complete denture group, Streptococcus salivarius in edentulous group and Streptococcus milleri in removable partial denture group. Conclusion The results of our study are in accordance with the previous studies, which have sought to differentiate different groups of mutans streptococci using a simple calibrated standard loop. How to cite this article Ealla KKR, Ghanta SB, Motupalli NK, Bembalgi M, Madineni PK, Raju PK. Comparative Analysis of Colony Counts of Different Species of Oral Streptococci in Saliva of Dentulous, Edentulous and in those Wearing Partial and Complete Dentures. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):601-604.

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18

Curran, Timothy M., Yousheng Ma, Glen C. Rutherford, and Robert E. Marquis. "Turning on and turning off the arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-106.

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The arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci is highly regulated. It requires induction and is repressed by catabolites such as glucose or by aeration. A comparative study of regulation of the system in Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558, Streptococcus rattus FA-1, and Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 10904 showed an increase in activity of the system in S. sanguis of some 1467-fold associated with induction-derepression of cells previously uninduced-repressed. The activity of the system was assayed in terms of levels of arginine deiminase, the signature enzyme of the system, in permeabilized cells. Increases in enzyme levels associated with induction-derepression were less for the other two organisms, mainly because of less severe repression, especially for S. rattus FA-1, which was the least sensitive to catabolite repression or aeration. Regulation of the arginine deiminase system involving induction and catabolite repression was demonstrated also with monoorganism biofilms composed of cells of S. sanguis adherent to glass slides. Fully uninduced-repressed cells from suspension cultures or biofilms were compromised in their abilities to catabolize arginine to protect themselves against acid damage. However, it was found that the system can be rapidly turned on or turned off, although induction-derepression did appear to require cell growth. Still, the system could respond rapidly to the availability of arginine to reestablish high capacity for alkali production.Key words: arginine deiminase, oral streptococci, induction-derepression, acid damage, biofilms.

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19

Grönroos, L., M. Saarela, J. Mättö, U. Tanner-Salo, A. Vuorela, and S. Alaluusua. "Mutacin Production by Streptococcus mutans May Promote Transmission of Bacteria from Mother to Child." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2595-2600.1998.

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ABSTRACT The production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances, mutacins, by mutans streptococci varies among isolates. To find if the degree of mutacin activity of an isolate was related to its transmission between mother and her child, 19 mothers and their 18-month- to 3-year-old children were sampled for their oral mutans streptococci. In addition, the stability of mutacin activity was studied with isolates from the mothers and with isolates from five unrelated 5-year-old children in 5- to 7-year follow-up studies. A total of 145 oral mutans streptococcal isolates were serotyped by immunodiffusion, ribotyped, and mutacin typed by the stab culture technique. Mutacin was produced by 88% of the strains against more than 1 of the 14 indicator strains, representing mutans streptococci,Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus mutans isolates showed more inhibitory activity than didStreptococcus sobrinus isolates. Identical ribotypes had similar mutacin activity profiles within a subject, initially and in the follow-up studies, in all but two cases. The mothers harbored a total of 37 different mutans streptococcal ribotypes. Six children were negative for mutans streptococci. Transmission was probable in 9 of 20 mother-child pairs on the basis of the presence of identical strains, as determined by ribotyping and bacteriocin (mutacin) typing. S. mutansstrains shared between a mother and her child showed a broader spectrum of inhibitory activity than did nontransmitted strains. In conclusion, the mutacin activity of clinical isolates is reasonably stable, and this virulence factor seems to be of clinical importance in early colonization by S. mutans.

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20

Darsono, Ovysta. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYABAB KARIES GIGI Streptococcus sanguis." INDONESIA NATURAL RESEARCH PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/inspj.v5i2.1795.

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AbstrakJambu biji (Psidium guajava Linn.) adalah tanaman obat yang digunakan didaerah tropis dan subtropis untuk mengobati banyak gagguan kesehatan. Ekstrak daun jambu biji putih mengandung senyawa yang memiliki antibakteri. Namun dari fraksi daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava Linn.) saat ini belum diketahui khasiat antibakteri penyebab karies gigi yaitu Streptococcus sanguis. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan difusi cakram (Kirby-bauer), dimana media Nutrient Broth yang sudah dibiakkan dengan bakteri Streptococcus sanguis dan diinkubasikan selama 24 jam. Kontrol positif menggunakan ampicillin, kontrol negatif menggunakan DMSO, serta sampel uji yakni fraksi etil asetat. Zona hambat diukur menggunakan jangka sorong millimeter. Uji lanjutan dengan mengukur KHM dari senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri, dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair. Media Nutrien Broth yang sudah dibiaakkan S. sanguis diberikan konsentrasi ekstrak masing-masing 5 %,10 %, 15 %, 20 % dan 25 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukan fraksi etil asetat daun jambu biji memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan rerata zona hambat 16.00 ± 0.719 mm pada bakteri S. sanguis. Dilanjutkan dengan uji KHM dengan nilai KHM 15 %. Uji kebocoran asam nukleat dan protein menunjukkan adanya kebocoran sel pada bakteri pada nilai 1 KHM dan 2 KHM.Kata kunci : Fraksi; daun jambu biji; Psidium guajava Linn; Streptococcus sanguis

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21

Edson, Randall S., Douglas R. Osmon, and Daniel J. Berry. "Septic Arthritis Due to Streptococcus sanguis." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 77, no. 7 (July 2002): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/77.7.709.

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22

Guérin, J. M., J. M. Ekherian, and F. Leibinger. "Méningite à Streptococcus sanguis chez l'adulte." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 29, no. 6 (June 1999): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(99)80054-7.

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23

HORNE, D., and A. TOMASZ. "Competence-specific Autolysis in Streptococcus sanguis." Microbiology 131, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-131-3-533.

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24

George, S., A. Wadhera, K. Mersich, and C. R. Magnussen. "Liver Abscess Due to Streptococcus sanguis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.1.191.

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25

MACALUSO, ANTHONY, CLIFFORD SIMMANG, and THOMAS ANTHONY. "Streptococcus sanguis Bacteremia and Colorectal Cancer." Southern Medical Journal 91, no. 2 (February 1998): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199802000-00016.

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26

Irvine, M. C. G., and N. B. Solomons. "Atypical supraglottitis caused by Streptococcus sanguis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 104, no. 5 (May 1990): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100158645.

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AbstractA case of atypical supraglottitis in an 11-year-old boy is presented. The epiglottis was only mildly inflamed. The organism isolated from blood culture was Streptococcus sanguis. This organism is a normal commensal of the oral cavity and has not previously been reported as a cause of supraglottitis.

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27

Glaros, Dean S. "Streptococcus sanguis Survival in K-Sol." Archives of Ophthalmology 109, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080040131043.

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28

Svensater, G., and I. R. Hamilton. "Sorbitol transport by Streptococcus sanguis 160." Oral Microbiology and Immunology 6, no. 3 (June 1991): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302x.1991.tb00471.x.

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29

Piper, Kerryl E., Mark S. Rouse, Karen L. Ronningen, James M. Steckelberg, Walter R. Wilson, and Robin Patel. "Trovafloxacin Treatment of Viridans Group Streptococcus Experimental Endocarditis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 2554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.9.2554-2556.2000.

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ABSTRACT The activity of trovafloxacin was compared with those of vancomycin and penicillin in a model of Streptococcus sanguis species group (trovafloxacin MIC, 0.125 μg/ml) and Streptococcus mitis species group (trovafloxacin MIC, 0.125 μg/ml) experimental endocarditis. Rabbits with catheter-induced aortic valve vegetations were given no treatment, trovafloxacin at 15 mg/kg of body weight three times a day (t.i.d.), vancomycin at 15 mg/kg twice a day, or penicillin at 1.2 × 106 IU t.i.d. After 3 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed; cardiac valve vegetations were aseptically removed and cultured quantitatively. Penicillin was as active as vancomycin as measured by in vivo clearance of bacteria. Trovafloxacin was less active (P < 0.05) than vancomycin or penicillin against S. sanguis species group infection but had similar efficacy against S. mitis species group infection. Quinolones, despite MICs in the susceptible range, may not be active for serious infections caused by some viridans group streptococci.

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30

Jenkinson, H. F., H. C. Lala, and M. G. Shepherd. "Coaggregation of Streptococcus sanguis and other streptococci with Candida albicans." Infection and Immunity 58, no. 5 (1990): 1429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.58.5.1429-1436.1990.

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31

Chandramohan, M., S. W Chan, P. Paulraj, P. T Mohamed Javad, P. Sajeesh, K. P Sajna, and T. Ketharin. "An in Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy of Local Brands of Toothpastes and Mouthrinses in Malaysian Market on Selected Oral Pathogens." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27471.

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Oral disease affects a considerable portion of population and is considered one of the major causes of tooth loss in developed and developing countries. An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of toothpastes and mouthrinses towards oral pathogens which are found to cause most of the oral diseases such as gingivitis and dental plague. In this study, a total of five toothpastes and four mouthrinses were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against five oral pathogens such as Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streprococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The efficacy of different concentration of the toothpastes and mouthrinses were assessed by agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc least square differences (LSD) method (p=0.05). Toothpaste B gave the maximum zone of inhibition against tested organisms, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus oralis. Toothpaste C and E gave the maximum zone of inhibition against Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans respectively. Toothpaste A was most effective against Candida albicans. Mouthrinse G was most effective against Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis and Candida albicans. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that dentifrices which contain fluoride and cetylpyridium chloride formulation gave the maximum zone of inhibition against the tested organisms compared to other active ingredients.

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32

Poulsen, Knud, Jesper Reinholdt, Christina Jespersgaard, Kit Boye, Thomas A. Brown, Majbritt Hauge, and Mogens Kilian. "A Comprehensive Genetic Study of Streptococcal Immunoglobulin A1 Proteases: Evidence for Recombination within and between Species." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.1.181-190.1998.

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ABSTRACT An analysis of 13 immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease genes (iga) of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae,Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, andStreptococcus sanguis was carried out to obtain information on the structure, polymorphism, and phylogeny of this specific protease, which enables bacteria to evade functions of the predominant Ig isotype on mucosal surfaces. The analysis included cloning and sequencing of iga genes from S. oralisand S. mitis biovar 1, sequencing of an additional seveniga genes from S. sanguis biovars 1 through 4, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of iga genes of another 10 strains of S. mitisbiovar 1 and 6 strains of S. oralis. All 13 genes sequenced had the potential of encoding proteins with molecular masses of approximately 200 kDa containing the sequence motif HEMTH and an E residue 20 amino acids downstream, which are characteristic of Zn metalloproteinases. In addition, all had a typical gram-positive cell wall anchor motif, LPNTG, which, in contrast to such motifs in other known streptococcal and staphylococcal proteins, was located in their N-terminal parts. Repeat structures showing variation in number and sequence were present in all strains and may be of relevance to the immunogenicities of the enzymes. Protease activities in cultures of the streptococcal strains were associated with species of different molecular masses ranging from 130 to 200 kDa, suggesting posttranslational processing possibly as a result of autoproteolysis at post-proline peptide bonds in the N-terminal parts of the molecules. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed a 94% similarity between S. oralis and S. mitis IgA1 proteases and a 75 to 79% similarity between IgA1 proteases of these species and those of S. pneumoniae and S. sanguis, respectively. Combined with the results of RFLP analyses using different iga gene fragments as probes, the results of nucleotide sequence comparisons provide evidence of horizontal transfer of iga gene sequences among individual strains of S. sanguis as well as among S. mitis and the two speciesS. pneumoniae and S. oralis. Whileiga genes of S. sanguis and S. oralis were highly homogeneous, the genes of S. pneumoniae and S. mitis showed extensive polymorphism reflected in different degrees of antigenic diversity.

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Setiadhi, Riani, Irna Sufiawati, Dewi Zakiawati, Nanan Nur’aeny, Wahyu Hidayat, and Dani R. Firman. "Inhibition growth of pomegranate seeds extract against streptococcus sanguis: the cause of recurrent aphthous stomatitis." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v2i1.452.

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Objective : Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds contain high of phytonutrients and phytochemicals, rich in polyphenol antioxidants namely tannins and flavonoids which also have antibacterial activity. Streptococcus sanguis is a bacterium known as one of the factors causing Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS). To examine the potential antibacterial of Pomegranate seeds against Streptococcus sanguis.Material anda Methods : In vitro study of Pomegranate seed were extracted with maceration method using 70% ethanol as the solvent to obtain stable extract, continued with phytochemical screening against phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoid, saponins and tannins. The extract was evaluated for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericide Concentration against Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using microdiluted method through 96 wells microplate. Results : Chlorhexidine was used as positive control while 70% ethanol was used as solvent as well as negative control. Phytochemical screening gave positive results for phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and tannins. Microdilution test showed the concentration of 500 ppm as MIC and MBC value at 2,000 ppm.Conclusion : Pomegranate seeds extract have a growth inhibitory against Streptococcus sanguis with MIC value of 500 ppm and 2,000 ppm as MBC.

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Caufield, Page W., Ananda P. Dasanayake, Yihong Li, Yaping Pan, Jay Hsu, and J. Michael Hardin. "Natural History of Streptococcus sanguinis in the Oral Cavity of Infants: Evidence for a Discrete Window of Infectivity." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 4018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.7.4018-4023.2000.

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ABSTRACT The heterogeneous group of oral bacteria within the sanguinis (sanguis) streptococci comprise members of the indigenous biota of the human oral cavity. While the association of Streptococcus sanguinis with bacterial endocarditis is well described in the literature, S. sanguinis is thought to play a benign, if not a beneficial, role in the oral cavity. Little is known, however, about the natural history of S. sanguinis and its specific relationship with other oral bacteria. As part of a longitudinal study concerning the transmission and acquisition of oral bacteria within mother-infant pairs, we examined the initial acquisition of S. sanguinis and described its colonization relative to tooth emergence and its proportions in plaque and saliva as a function of other biological events, including subsequent colonization with mutans streptococci. A second cohort of infants was recruited to define the taxonomic affiliation of S. sanguinis. We found that the colonization of the S. sanguinis occurs during a discrete “window of infectivity” at a median age of 9 months in the infants. Its colonization is tooth dependent and correlated to the time of tooth emergence; its proportions in saliva increase as new teeth emerge. In addition, early colonization of S. sanguinis and its elevated levels in the oral cavity were correlated to a significant delay in the colonization of mutans streptococci. Underpinning this apparent antagonism between S. sanguinis and mutans streptococci is the observation that after mutans streptococci colonize the infant, the levels of S. sanguinis decrease. Children who do not harbor detectable levels of mutans streptococci have significantly higher levels of S. sanguinis in their saliva than do children colonized with mutans streptococci. Collectively, these findings suggest that the colonization of S. sanguinis may influence the subsequent colonization of mutans streptococci, and this in turn may suggest several ecological approaches toward controlling dental caries.

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Gong, Ke, T. Ouyang, and M. C. Herzberg. "A Streptococcal Adhesion System for Salivary Pellicle and Platelets." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 5388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.11.5388-5392.1998.

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ABSTRACT A Streptococcus sanguis 133-79 adhesin identified by the monoclonal antibody 1.1 (MAb 1.1) binds both saliva-coated hydroxylapatite (sHA) and platelets. The complementary binding site(s) for the adhesin was identified by the anti-idiotypical MAb 2.1. To learn if this adhesion system, marked by the antiadhesin MAb 1.1 and anti-binding site MAb 2.1, is commonly used by strains within the sanguis group and other viridans group streptococci, 42 strains from seven species were tested. Strains that bind to both sHA and platelets use the same adhesin and binding site epitopes. Strains that do not adhere to platelets rely on other adhesin specificities to bind to sHA.

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36

Anggraini, Fitri, Mieke Hemiawati Satari, and Marry Siti Mariam. "Bacterial inhibition test of methanolic extracts of strawberry (Fragraia x ananassa Duchesne), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), towards Streptococcus Sanguis ATCC 10556." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 30, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol30no2.18325.

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Introduction: Caries are initiated by the plaque formation on the tooth surface, due to the interaction between food debris and bacteria in the mouth. The pioneer bacterium of plaque formation is Streptococcus sanguis. The Strawberry fruit, lime fruit, and radish root are part of the plant that contains antibacterial substances. Flavonoid, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, polyphenol, terpenoid and quinon as antibacterial substances. This study aimed to evaluate strawberry fruit, lime fruit, and radish root methanol extract can inhibit Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556. Therefore, strawberry, lime, and radish can be made into mouthwash, bubble gum, or toothpaste to prevent plaque formation. Methods: This study used a Kirby-Bauer diffusion test as the inhibition test. Results: The result of this study that the biggest inhibition zone was lime methanol extract 20,000 ppm, and the smallest one was radish methanol extract 5,000 ppm. Conclusion: Strawberry fruit, lime fruit peel, and radish root methanol extract and their combination had the effect of inhibiting bacterial growth synergistically against Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556.

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Kerrigan, Steven W., Ian Douglas, Ann Wray, Jason Heath, Michael F. Byrne, Desmond Fitzgerald, and Dermot Cox. "A role for glycoprotein Ib in Streptococcus sanguis–induced platelet aggregation." Blood 100, no. 2 (July 15, 2002): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v100.2.509.

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Abstract Numerous studies have implicated bacteria in cardiovascular disease, but there is a paucity of information on the mechanism involved. In this study we show how the common oral bacteriumStreptococcus sanguis can directly interact with platelets, resulting in activation and aggregate formation. Platelet aggregation was dependent on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) and thromboxane. Platelets could also directly bind to S sanguis, but this interaction was not inhibited by GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. Antibodies to GPIb could inhibit both platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion to bacteria. This suggested a direct interaction between GPIb and S sanguis; however, this interaction did not require von Willebrand factor, the normal ligand for GPIb. By use of a range of monoclonal antibodies to GPIb and the enzyme mocharagin, which cleaves GPIb at amino acid 282, the interaction was localized to a region within the N-terminal 1-225 portion of GPIbα. Furthermore S sanguisfailed to induce aggregation of platelets from a patient with Bernard-Soulier disease, the organism bound to Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the GPIbα gene but did not bind to mock-transfected cells and biotin-labeled S sanguis cells bound to purified GPIb in ligand blots. It is suggested that the interaction between S sanguis and GPIb is important in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis and may also play a contributory role in some cases of myocardial infarction.

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38

Kreth, Jens, Justin Merritt, Wenyuan Shi, and Fengxia Qi. "Competition and Coexistence between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in the Dental Biofilm." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 21 (November 1, 2005): 7193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.21.7193-7203.2005.

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ABSTRACT The human mucosal surface is colonized by the indigenous microflora, which normally maintains an ecological balance among different species. Certain environmental or biological factors, however, may trigger disruption of this balance, leading to microbial diseases. In this study, we used two oral bacterial species, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis (formerly S. sanguis), as a model to probe the possible mechanisms of competition/coexistence between different species which occupy the same ecological niche. We show that the two species engage in a multitude of antagonistic interactions temporally and spatially; occupation of a niche by one species precludes colonization by the other, while simultaneous colonization by both species results in coexistence. Environmental conditions, such as cell density, nutritional availability, and pH, play important roles in determining the outcome of these interactions. Genetic and biochemical analyses reveal that these interspecies interactions are possibly mediated through a well-regulated production of chemicals, such as bacteriocins (produced by S. mutans) and hydrogen peroxide (produced by S. sanguinis). Consistent with the phenotypic characteristics, production of bacteriocins and H2O2 are regulated by environmental conditions, as well as by juxtaposition of the two species. These sophisticated interspecies interactions could play an essential part in balancing competition/coexistence within multispecies microbial communities.

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39

Herzberg, M. C. "Platelet-Streptococcal Interactions in Endocarditis." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 7, no. 3 (July 1996): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411960070030201.

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Infective endocarditis is characterized by the formation of septic masses of platelets on the surfaces of heart valves and is most commonly caused by viridans streptococci. Streptococcal virulence in endocarditis involves factors that promote infectivity and pathogenicity. Adhesins and exopolysaccharide (glycocalyx) contribute to infectivity. Although many factors may contribute to pathogenicity, the platelet aggregation-associated protein (PAAP) of Streptococcus sanguis contributes directly to the development of experimental endocarditis. PAAP is synthesized as a rhamnose-rich glycoprotein of 115 kDa and contains a collagen-like platelet-interactive domain, pro-gly-glu-gln-gly-pro-lys. Expressed on the cell wall of platelet aggregation-inducing strains (Agg+) of S. sanguis, PAAP apparently interacts with a signal-transducing receptor complex on platelets, which includes a novel 175-kDa α2-integrin-associated protein and a 65-kDa collagen-binding component. From available data, the role of PAAP in the pathogenesis of experimental endocarditis may be explained by a proposed mechanistic model. On injured heart valves, PAAP first enhances platelet accumulation into a fibrin-enmeshed thrombus (vegetation), within which S. sanguis colonizes. Colonizing bacteria must resist platelet microbicidal protein (PMPR). The aggregation of platelets on the heart valve may be potentiated by an ectoATPase expressed on the surface of the S. sanguis and platelet a-adrenoreceptors that respond to endogenous catecholamines. The expression of PAAP may be modified during infection. Collagen is exposed on damaged heart valves; fever (heat shock) occurs during endocarditis. In response to heat shock or collagen in vitro, PAAP expression is altered. After colonization, streptococcal exotoxin(s) may cause fever. Proteases and other enzymes from streptococci and host sources may directly destroy the heart valves. When PAAP is unexpressed or neutralized with specific antibodies, experimental endocarditis runs a milder course and vegetations are smaller. The data suggest strongly, therefore, that the role of PAAP may overlap the colonization function of putative adhesins such as FimA or SsaB. Finally, PAAP also contributes to the development of the characteristic septic mural thrombus (vegetation) of infective endocarditis and the signs of valvular pathology.

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40

Demers, C., M. Tremblay, and Y. Lacourciere. "Acute vertebral osteomyelitis complicating Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 47, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.47.4.333.

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41

Henriksen, S. D., and Jorunn Eriksen. "TRANSFORMATION OF TWITCHING STRAINS OF STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology 84B, no. 6 (August 15, 2009): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb01963.x.

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42

Herzberg, M. C., P. R. Erickson, P. K. Kane, D. J. Clawson, C. C. Clawson, and F. A. Hoff. "Platelet-interactive products of Streptococcus sanguis protoplasts." Infection and Immunity 58, no. 12 (1990): 4117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.58.12.4117-4125.1990.

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43

Fitzgerald, G. F., and D. B. Clewell. "A conjugative transposon (Tn919) in Streptococcus sanguis." Infection and Immunity 47, no. 2 (1985): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.47.2.415-420.1985.

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44

Nijjer, S., and S. W. Dubrey. "Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis associated with colonic carcinoma." Case Reports 2010, feb19 1 (February 19, 2010): bcr0920092311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.09.2009.2311.

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45

de Azavedo, J. C. S., L. Trpeski, S. Pong-Porter, S. Matsumura, and D. E. Low. "In Vitro Activities of Fluoroquinolones against Antibiotic-Resistant Blood Culture Isolates of Viridans Group Streptococci from across Canada." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 2299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.9.2299.

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ABSTRACT Among 418 blood culture isolates of viridans group streptococci obtained between 1995 and 1997, the in vitro rates of nonsusceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 28, 29, 24, and 14%, respectively. The most prevalent group (125 strains) was Streptococcus mitis, followed by Streptococcus sanguis (56 strains). For 236 (56%) strains resistant to one or more antibiotics, the ciprofloxacin MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90) was 4 μg/ml, whereas the MIC90s of trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin, and gatifloxacin were 0.25 μg/ml.

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46

Hamada, Tomoyuki, Masatsugu Kawashima, Haruo Watanabe, Junji Tagami, and Hidenobu Senpuku. "Molecular Interactions of Surface Protein Peptides of Streptococcus gordonii with Human Salivary Components." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 8 (August 2004): 4819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.8.4819-4826.2004.

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ABSTRACT Oral streptococci play a large role in dental biofilm formation, and several types interact as early colonizers with the enamel salivary pellicle to form the primary biofilm, as well as to incorporate other bacteria on tooth surfaces. Interactions of surface molecules of individual streptococci with the salivary pellicle on the tooth surface have an influence on the etiological properties of an oral biofilm. To elucidate the molecular interactions of streptococci with salivary components, binding between surface protein (SspB and PAg) peptides of Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sobrinus were investigated by utilizing BIAcore biosensor technology. The analogous peptide [change of T at position 400 to K in SspB(390-402), resulting in the SspB(390-T400K-402) peptide] from S. gordonii showed the greatest response for binding to salivary components and inhibited the binding of Streptococcus sanguis by more than 50% in a competitive inhibition assay in a comparison with other SspB and PAg peptides. This peptide also bound to the high-molecular-weight protein complex of salivary components and the agglutinin (gp340/DMBT1) peptide (scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain peptide 2 [SRCRP 2]). In addition, the SspB(390-T400K-402) peptide was visualized by two surface positive charges in connection with the positively charged residues, in which lysine was a key residue for binding. Therefore, the region containing lysine may have binding activity in S. gordonii and S. sanguis, and the SRCRP 2 region may function as a receptor for the binding. These findings may provide useful information regarding the molecular mechanism of early biofilm formation by streptococci on tooth surfaces.

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47

Bowden, G. H., and I. R. Hamilton. "Environmental pH as a factor in the competition between strains of the oral streptococci Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, and "S. mitior" growing in continuous culture." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-143.

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Strains of Streptococcus mutans (biotype 1), Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus mitior have been grown in mixed continuous culture in a semidefined medium under glucose limitation at a growth rate of D = 0.1 h−1. The effect of varying the environmental pH on the proportions of the different populations within the community has been determined. Initially the populations were allowed to reach steady state at pH 7.0 when S. sanguis was dominant with S. mutans and "S. mitior" maintaining similar populations. The medium pH was then lowered in steps of 0.5 pH units from pH 7.0 to 4.5, and the community was grown at each step for at least 15 generations. Viable counts of each species were made at 24-h intervals. The population ratios established at pH 7.0 remained relatively stable when the environmental pH was set at pH 6.5. However, after the medium pH was lowered to 6.0 (days 18–27), the population of S. mutans began to increase and the S. mitior population began to decline. A further change was seen at pH 5.5 (days 27–34) when S. mutans became dominant, S. sanguis declined, and S. mitior was not detectable. At pH 4.5, both S. mutans and S. sanguis were reduced in numbers, but survived until the experimental run was terminated (44 days). Samples of culture fluid were taken throughout the experiment and analyzed for the presence of the acid products of glucose metabolism. The amounts of lactic acid produced by the community increased as the environmental pH was lowered. The results show that there was variation in the ability of Streptococcus species to compete in acidic environments. Streptococcus mutans is most favoured by an environment below pH 6.0, while "S. mitior" is relatively sensitive to low pH, therefore a low environmental pH can be selective for S. mutans. Comparison of these results to two similar studies carried out recently suggests that there is variation in the ability of given strains of S. sanguis and "S. mitior" to compete with S. mutans in acid environments. Therefore, it is not valid to take data from studies of a single strain and interpret it as applicable to the species as they are presently defined.

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Sutton, S. V. W., and R. E. Marquis. "Membrane-associated and Solubilized ATPases of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 6 (June 1987): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660060201.

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49

Narikawa, S., Y. Suzuki, M. Takahashi, A. Furukawa, T. Sakane, and Y. Mizushima. "Streptococcus oralis previously identified as uncommon ‘Streptococcus sanguis’ in Behçet's disease." Archives of Oral Biology 40, no. 8 (August 1995): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(95)00042-n.

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50

Soberay, A. H., M. C. Herzberg, J. D. Rudney, H. K. Nieuwenhuis, J. J. Sixma, and U. Seligsohn. "Responses of Platelets to Strains of Streptococcus sanguis: Findings in Healthy Subjects, Bernard-Soulier, Glanzmann’s, and Collagen-Unresponsive Patients." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 57, no. 02 (1987): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1651098.

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SummaryThe ability of endocarditis and dental strains of Streptococcus sanguis to induce platelet aggregation in plasma (PRP) from normal subjects were examined and compared to responses of PRP with known platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) and response defects. S. sanguis strains differed in their ability to induce normal PRPs to aggregate. Strains that induced PRP aggregation in more than 60% of donors were significantly faster agonists (mean lag times to onset of aggregation less than 6 min) than those strains inducing response in PRPs of fewer than 60% of donors.Platelets from patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome aggregated in response to strains of S. sanguis. In contrast, platelets from patients with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia and from a patient with a specific defect in response to collagen were unresponsive to S. sanguis. These observations show that GPIb and V are not essential, but GPIIb-IIIa and GPIa are important in the platelet response mechanism to S. sanguis. Indeed, the data suggests that the platelet interaction mechanisms of S. sanguis and collagen may be similar.

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